Dissertations / Theses: 'Intelligent Instrumentaion'

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Llort, Sánchez Germán M. "Intelligent instrumentation techniques to improve the traces information-volume ratio." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/326469.

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With ever more powerful machines being constantly deployed, it is crucial to manage the computational resources efficiently. This is important both from the point of view of the individual user, who expects fast results; and the supercomputing center hosting the whole infrastructure, that is interested in maximizing its overall productivity. Nevertheless, the real sustained performance achieved by the applications can be significantly lower than the theoretical peak performance of the machines. A key factor to bridge this performance gap is to understand how parallel computers behave. Performance analysis tools are essential not only to understand the behavior of parallel applications, but to identify why performance expectations might not have been met, serving as guidelines to improve the inefficiencies that caused poor performance, and driving both software and hardware optimizations. However, detailed analysis of the behavior of a parallel application requires to process a large amount of data that also grows extremely fast. Current large scale systems already comprise hundreds of thousands of cores, and upcoming exascale systems are expected to assemble more than a million processing elements. With such number of hardware components, the traditional analysis methodologies consisting in blindly collecting as much data as possible and then performing exhaustive lookups are no longer applicable, because the volume of performance data generated becomes absolutely unmanageable to store, process and analyze. The evolution of the tools suggests that more complex approaches are needed, incorporating intelligence to perform competently the challenging and important task of detailed analysis. In this thesis, we address the problem of scalability of performance analysis tools in large scale systems. In such scenarios, in-depth understanding of the interactions between all the system components is more compelling than ever for an effective use of the parallel resources. To this end, our work includes a thorough review of techniques that have been successfully applied to aid in the task of Big Data Analytics in fields like machine learning, data mining, signal processing and computer vision. We have leveraged these techniques to improve the analysis of large-scale parallel applications by automatically uncovering repetitive patterns, finding data correlations, detecting performance trends and further useful analysis information. Combinining their use, we have minimized the volume of performance data captured from an execution, while maximizing the benefit and insight gained from this data, and have proposed new and more effective methodologies for single and multi-experiment performance analysis.
Con el incesante aumento de potencia y capacidad de los superordenadores, la habilidad de emplear de forma efectiva todos los recursos disponibles se ha convertido en un factor crucial. La necesidad de un uso eficiente radica tanto en la aspiración de los usuarios por obtener resultados en el menor tiempo posible, como en el interés del propio centro de cálculo que alberga la infraestructura computacional por maximizar la productividad de los recursos. Sin embargo, el rendimiento real que las aplicaciones son capaces de alcanzar suele ser significativamente menor que el rendimiento teórico de las máquinas. Y la clave para salvar esta distancia consiste en comprender el comportamiento de las máquinas paralelas. Las herramientas de análisis de rendimiento son instrumentos fundamentales no solo para entender como funcionan las aplicaciones paralelas, sino también para identificar los problemas por los que el rendimiento obtenido dista del esperado, sirviendo como guías para mejorar aquellas deficiencias software y/o hardware que son causas de degradación. No obstante, un análisis en detalle del comportamiento de una aplicación paralela requiere procesar una gran cantidad de datos que crece extremadamente rápido. Los sistemas actuales de gran escala ya comprenden cientos de miles de procesadores, y se espera que los inminentes sistemas exa-escala reunan millones de elementos de procesamiento. Con semejante número de componentes, las estrategias tradicionales de obtención indiscriminada de datos para mejorar la precisión de las herramientas de análisis caerán en desuso debido a las dificultades que entraña almacenarlos y procesarlos. En este aspecto, la evolución de las herramientas sugiere que son necesarios métodos más sofisticados, que incorporen inteligencia para desarrollar la tarea de análisis de manera más competente. Esta tesis aborda el problema de escalabilidad de las herramientas de análisis en sistemas de gran escala, donde es primordial el conocimiento detallado de las interacciones entre todos los componentes para emplear los recursos paralelos de la forma más óptima. Con este fin, esta investigación incluye una revisión exhaustiva de las técnicas que se han aplicado satisfactoriamente para extraer información de grandes volumenes de datos en otras áreas como aprendizaje automático, minería de datos y procesado de señal. Hemos adaptado estas técnicas para mejorar el análisis de aplicaciones paralelas de gran escala, detectando automáticamente patrones repetitivos, correlaciones de datos, tendencias de rendimiento, y demás información relevante. Combinando el uso de estas técnicas, se ha conseguido disminuir el volumen de datos generado durante una ejecución, a la vez que aumentar la cantidad de información útil que se puede extraer de los datos mediante la aplicación de nuevas y más efectivas metodologías de análisis para el estudio del rendimiento de experimentos individuales o en serie

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Duong, Ngoc Son. "Instrumentation de chaussées : la route intelligente qui s’auto-détecte ?" Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0033.

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Les itinéraires routiers supportant un nombre élevé de véhicules lourds ont habituellement des structures de chaussées épaisses et peu déformables. A ce jour, l’évaluation de l’état structurel réalisée au moyen d’appareils de mesure de déflexion (déflectographe ou curviamètre) et les relevés de dégradation sont souvent insuffisants pour détecter le début d’endommagement des structures épaisses. Afin de mesurer de façon plus précise et en continue, la réponse mécanique de la chaussée, des sections autoroutières ont été instrumentées au moyen de capteurs spécifiques (jauges, sondes de température et géophones) qui constituent un moyen d’auscultation complémentaire. L’exploitation des mesures sous trafic réel génère cependant une grande quantité des données et une variabilité des mesures qui conduisent à proposer une procédure originale de tri des signaux. Le traitement des mesures des jauges permet d’analyser les variations réelles des déformations en prenant en compte les variations journalières et saisonnières des paramètres environnementaux. Une modélisation avec différentes hypothèses de comportement aux interfaces des différentes couches de la chaussée est ensuite proposée, ce qui permet d’améliorer la compréhension du comportement mécanique de la chaussée sous trafic réel. Le traitement des mesures des géophones permet de remonter à la mesure de la déflexion qui représente la capacité portante de la chaussée. L’utilisation des différents géophones permet également d’identifier les silhouettes des poids-lourds et d’estimer leur vitesse ainsi que leur position latérale. Ces travaux répondent à une demande très actuelle des gestionnaires d’ouvrages, qui souhaitent disposer d’outils pour le monitoring dans le temps de leurs infrastructures
Recently, the roads supporting a great number of heavy vehicles usually have a thick and little deformable structure. To evaluate the pavement performances, deflection measurement devices have been used. However, these measurements are not accurate and the degradation detection is not enough to detect the start of pavement damage.In order to obtain more accurate and continuous mechanical pavement measurements, highway sections were instrumented with specific sensors (temperature probes, strain gages, geophones). However, the measurements analysis under real traffic generates a great number of data and a variability of measurements. Therefore, this problem requires an original signal sorting process. The study of strain measurements allows analyzing real strain variations which take in account the daily and seasonal variations of environment parameters.Modelling calculations with different assumptions were carried out afterward in order to obtain the best prediction for the mechanical pavement behavior. The study of geophone measurements allows measuring pavement deflections which represent pavement bearing capacity. In addition, different geophones were used to characterize heavy vehicle silhouettes, vehicle speeds and their lateral positions. The thesis work meets the expected requirement of construction managers to monitor continuously their infrastructures under real traffic

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Sharif, Mohamed Abdulla Mohamed. "Application of intelligent instrumentation in process plant condition monitoring and fault diagnosis." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340896.

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Monteiro, Antonio Miguel Vieira. "Exploring artifical on-board intelligence for space instrumentation : concepts and techniques." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335612.

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Henry, Antoine. "Instrumentation numérique à vocation sociotechnique à GRDF : émergence d'une intelligence collective." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0384.

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Cette recherche menée au sein de l’organisation GRDF rassemble à la fois l’instrumentation numérique à vocation sociotechnique et l’Intelligence Collective afin d’interroger la capacité de construction de l’organisation par ses membres à travers une notion présentée : l’ « eXpérience Organisation ». Ces transformations de l’entreprise répondent à des tendances dans le secteur énergétique (transition écologique) et à des attentes des salariés de l’entreprise.Après avoir présenté l’hybridité de l’organisation étudiée et son inscription dans la « Société de l’Information », l’accent est mis sur des objets scientifiques questionnés par les Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication : la connaissance, les dispositifs sociotechniques et l’Intelligence Collective. Fruits d’une observation participante, deux cas pratiques issus du terrain GRDF sont exposés et analysés tout au long de ce travail de recherche : la co-construction d’un dispositif sociotechnique (le projet Tuilage) et l’émergence d’une Intelligence Collective autour du système d’information de GRDF avec la communauté Hack@demy. Complémentaires, ces deux projets interrogent l’organisation sous le prisme info-communicationnel. Ils mettent en exergue l’évolution de l’organisation
This research conducted within the national gas distributor in France GRDF combines sociotechnical and Collective Intelligence in order to question the company’s ability to be self-constructed by its employees trought the concept of organizational experience. These corporate’s transformations respond to trends in the energy sector (ecological transition) and to the employees’ expectations. The organization tends towards a so call meta-organization.After presenting the hybridity of the studied organization, its inscription in the "Information Society", the emphasis is placed on Information and Communication Sciences’ objects: knowledge, sociotechnical devices and Collective Intelligence. Resulting of a participant observation, two cases studies from GRDF are presented and studied throughout this research: the co-construction of a sociotechnical system (project Tuilage) and the emergence of a Collective Intelligence, Hack@demy, inside the information system of the company. Complementary, these two projects use an info-communicational approach to highlight the evolution of the company

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Summers, Ronald. "A methodology for the design, implementation and evaluation of intelligent systems with an application to critical care medicine." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332618.

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Chitikeshi, Sanjeevi. "Intelligent instrumentation and a robust dynamic model for an ultrasonic navigation system for improved neuro-surgery /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456292241&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Chafei, Ayman. "L'utilisation de systèmes intelligents réseautés pour l'instrumentation des structures en génie civil." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1473.

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Dans cette recherche, on a conçu et validé un nouveau noeud sans fil qui sera intégré dans un système automatique de contrôle des structures de génie civil. Le prototype est conçu à partir des dernières technologies dans le domaine des systèmes embarqués. Le prototype utilise la technologie développée pour les réseaux sans fil personnels WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) pour la transmission de données vers la centrale locale d'interrogation des données. Les capacités de calcul que le prototype possède nous permettent d'implémenter et d'exécuter plusieurs algorithmes de contrôle de l'état des structures. La transformée de Fourier rapide est utilisée comme algorithme illustratif dans le noeud sans fil. L'objectif de cette recherche est de mettre en place un réseau de capteurs sans fil qui supporte le calcul collaboratif en temps réel des dominées mesurées, pour l'identification des dommages potentiels dans la structure.

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Canu, Antoine. "Conversion Analogique / Numérique versatile dans un environnement avionique contraint." Thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013SUPL0004/document.

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Les systèmes électroniques embarqués à bord des aéronefs rassemblent des informations sur l’environnement qui les entourent au moyen de différents types de capteurs. À l’heure actuelle, l’acquisition des signaux générés par ces capteurs se fait au moyen de circuits électroniques d’interfaçage dédiés à un type de capteur en particulier, ce qui limite les possibilités d’évolution des calculateurs de bord.Nos travaux visent à remplacer ces circuits d’interfaçage par une interface dite versatile, capable de faire l’acquisition de signaux issus de différents types de capteurs. L’environnement dans lequel les systèmes avioniques sont amenés à fonctionner est particulièrement difficile, notamment par la présence de modes communs parasites importants, supérieures à plusieurs dizaines de volts. Après une exploration détaillée de cet environnement, nous proposons une architecture d’interface versatile, basée sur un ASIC mixte et un FPGA. L’ASIC est chargé du conditionnement analogique des signaux et de leur conversion dans le domaine numérique, et peut-être configuré à plusieurs niveaux (gains, offsets, impédances...). Le FPGA comprend les différents traitements numériques nécessaires à l’extraction de l’information contenue dans les signaux. Nous proposons de plus une méthode mixte permettant de corriger les imprécisions analogiques, telles que les défauts d’appairage, souvent critiques dans l’acquisition de signaux différentiels. Un circuit de test a été réalisé dans une technologie CMOS High Voltage 0.35µm afin de valider les différents principes proposés dans nos travaux
Avionic embedded systems sense their environment through the use of various sensors. Currently, the electrical signals generated by these sensors are acquired by dedicated interface circuits, which limits the functionalities that can be implemented in the computer and slows down their evolution.Our work aims at replacing these interfacing circuits by a more flexible interface, called versatile interface, which has the ability to acquire different kind of signals. Avionic embedded systems usually operate in a pretty harsh environment, in which important common mode voltages of more than thirty volts can superimpose to useful signals. After a thorough exploration of this environment and its specifities, we propose an architecture of the versatile interface, based on a mixed signal ASIC and a FPGA. The ASIC includes a programmable analog signal conditioning stage which is able to withstand the high voltages present in the harsh avionic environment. The FPGA processes the different signals and extract the useful information from them. We also propose method which allows to correct the analog imprecisions due to mismatch or temperature drifts. This method uses analog and digital processing, and allow our versatile interface to be immune to process or temperature variations. A test circuit has been realized in a high voltage 0.35µm CMOS technology, in order to validate the different principles that we propose in this work

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Roux, Julien. "Conception d'un capteur distribué pour la surveillance de l'état hydrique des sols." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0031/document.

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A cause du développement du smart farming, des études sont à mener sur la distribution de l’instrumentation pour mesurer l’état hydrique du sol en vue de contrôler l’irrigation. Dans le cadre du projet IRRIS, nous réalisons un capteur d’humidité du sol intelligent. Nous allons tout d’abord réaliser le corps d’épreuve de ce capteur. Nous choisissons une mesure capacitive pour obtenir un capteur réactif malgré un coût de réalisation faible. Le corps est cylindrique pour pouvoir être inséré facilement dans le sol. Les électrodes sont réalisées par dépôt électrochimique de cuivre sur ce cylindre plastique. Nous concevons ensuite l’électronique de mesure associée à ce corps. Pour cela, nous comparons deux solutions, l’une analogique et l’autre logicielle. Puis nous assemblons notre capteur suivant deux modes, le multi capteur ou le mono capteur. Nous réalisons à cette étape la création du réseau de capteurs à l’aide de communication sans fil située dans la bande ISM 868MHz et nous la caractérisons. Enfin, nous observons les résultats de trois campagnes de mesures dans des champs cultivés pour valider le fonctionnement sur différents types de sols et de cultures. Ces travaux aboutissent donc à la création d’un capteur permettant la mesure de l’humidité du sol avec un coût réduit par rapport aux capteurs industriel déjà existant. Les expérimentations sur site montrent sa facilité d’insertion ainsi que son bon fonctionnement
Owing to the development of the smart farming, some new studies need to be lead on a distributed instrumentation to measure soil moisture to control the irrigation.In the project IRRIS context, we realize a smart soil moisture sensor. First, we have to realize the sensing element of this sensor. We choose a capacitive detection to get a reactive sensor despite low cost. The body is a cylinder to be easily buried in the soil. The electrodes are made by electrochemical deposition on the plastic tube. Then, we design the measurement electronic. We compare two solutions, one with discrete components and the other software on embedded microcontroller. We submit those electronics at thermic variations to observe their comportment to create the law of compensation. Next we assemble the sensor according to two ways. The first, the multi sensor, forces the depths of sensing but reduces the costs by pooling the measurement electronic. The second, the mono sensor, frees the choice of depth but multiplies the number of sensors. We create at this step the sensor network thanks a wireless communication placed on 868MHz, an ISM band that we characterize in terms of range depending on the flow rate to optimize this communication. Finally, we observe the results of three measurement campaigns to validate the operating for different soil and cultures.This study ends in the realization of a sensor to measure soil moisture with a reduced cost relative to the industrial sensor on the market. Experiments prove its ease of use as well as its proper functioning

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Cathelain, Guillaume. "Ballistocardiographie et applications." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP029.

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À l’échelle mondiale, les systèmes de santé ont des coûts croissants et le nombre d’hospitalisations augmente. La télémédecine permet de ramener l’hôpital à la maison et offre aux structures de santé de nouvelles possibilités d’améliorer le parcours de soins des patients. La surveillance physiologique est une condition préalable à l’efficacité des systèmes de télémédecine et est assurée par des dispositifs médicaux connectés qui ne sont pas entièrement automatisés. Les patients doivent les utiliser activement au quotidien : ces inconvénients entraînent soit un désengagement du patient, soit du personnel soignant supplémentaire. Les moniteurs passifs et sans contact des signes vitaux, tels que les ballistocardiographes qui mesurent les activités motrices, respiratoires et cardiaques, peuvent résoudre l’inefficacité de la télémédecine. En outre, ils sont plus confortables et plus sûrs pour les patients que les moniteurs traditionnels, ce qui est crucial pour le développement neurologique néonatal ou dans les cas de dégénérescence mentale, bien qu’ils soient actuellement moins précis. Comment améliorer la précision de la surveillance physiologique en ballistocardiographie pour accroître l’efficacité de la télémédecine ? Dans cette thèse, le matériel est fourni par une instrumentation propriétaire basée sur un accéléromètre, un logiciel dédié, un simulateur de battements cardiaques, et des campagnes de mesure pour les bases de données de ballistocardiogrammes bruts. De nouvelles méthodes d’amplification analogique et de filtrage numérique sont étudiées pour améliorer la précision de la ballistocardiographie. La force ballistocardiographique, provenant de la déformation de la crosse aortique lors de la systole ventriculaire et mesurée sur le côté du lit, est en effet modulée par les activités respiratoires et motrices, et est polluée par les artefacts mécaniques de l’environnement. En outre, la ballistocardiographie n’est pas normalisée et les ballistocardiogrammes présentent des variabilités inter et intra-individuelles élevées, en fonction de la literie, de la position au lit, de la morphologie et de la physiologie du patient. L’amplification analogique est étudiée d’un point de vue mécanique et électronique. Premièrement, en ce qui concerne l’amplification mécanique, un nouveau guide d’ondes, prenant la forme d’un ruban de coton qui encercle le matelas, a été inventé pour concentrer l’énergie de la force ballistocardiographique dans une direction, du thorax jusqu’au capteur. Deuxièmement, en ce qui concerne l’amplification électronique, un circuit de conditionnement hybride a été conçu pour optimiser le compromis entre le gain de l’amplificateur électronique et la durée de saturation après un mouvement. Les méthodes de filtrage numérique visent à séparer les sources de signaux, à éliminer les artefacts puis à détecter les signes vitaux. Trois algorithmes originaux ont été conçus pour reconnaître efficacement les battements de cœur dans les ballistocardiogrammes. Le premier algorithme est la comparaison par déformation temporelle dynamique, où un modèle battement cardiaque est utilisé pour reconnaître les battements cardiaques en utilisant une distance non-linéaire. Le second algorithme modélise les ballistocardiogrammes avec des modèles de Markov cachés périodiques. Le troisième algorithme, le réseau neuronal U-Net, est supervisé et segmente les battements cardiaques en ballistocardiogrammes. Finalement, les ballistocardiogrammes sont amplifiés mécaniquement et électroniquement de 12 dB et 21 dB respectivement, sans saturation après mouvement ; et les algorithmes de filtrage numérique atteignent une précision de 97 % et une sensibilité de 96 % pour la détection des battements cardiaques. Prochainement, le ballistocardiographe conçu sera évalué cliniquement dans une unité de soins intensifs pédiatriques et en télémédecine par rapport à d’autres ballistocardiographes et aux méthodes de référence
Globally, healthcare systems have increasing costs and the number of hospitalizations grows. Telehealth brings hospital at home and provides health structures with new opportunities to improve the patient care pathway. Physiological monitoring is a prerequisite in efficient telehealth systems and is performed by connected medical devices that are not fully automated. Patients need to use them actively on a day-to-day basis: these drawbacks lead either to patient disengagement or to additional caregiver support. Passive contactless vital signs’ monitors, such as ballistocardiograms sleep trackers that measure motor, respiratory and cardiac activities, can solve the telehealth inefficiency. Moreover, they are more comfortable and safer for patients than traditional monitors, which is crucial for neonatal neurological development or in case of mental degeneration, though they are currently less accurate. How to improve physiological monitoring accuracy in ballistocardiography to increase telehealth efficiency? In this thesis, materials are provided by a self-designed accelerometer-based instrumentation, a dedicated software, a heartbeat simulator, and measurement campaigns for raw ballistocardiograms’ databases. Novel analog amplification and digital filtering methods are investigated to improve ballistocardiography accuracy. The ballistocardiographic force, coming from the aortic arch deformation during the ventricular systole and measured on the bedside, is indeed modulated by respiratory and motor activities, and is polluted by environment mechanical artifacts. Furthermore, the ballistocardiography is unstandardized and ballistocardiograms have high inter- and intra-variabilities, depending on the beddings, the position in bed, the morphology and the physiology of the patient. Analog amplification is studied from two perspectives: the mechanical amplification of ballistocardiograms from the patient to the sensor, and the electronic amplification of the analog acceleration signal. First, concerning the mechanical amplification, a novel waveguide bedding, a cotton tape encircling the mattress, was invented to concentrate the strain energy of the ballistocardiographic force in one direction, from the thorax straight to the attached sensor. Second, concerning the electronic amplification, a mixed-signal front-end was conceived to optimize the tradeoff between the electronic amplifier gain and the saturation time after a movement. The conditioning circuit measures the unamplified sensor output, passes it through a digital filter with a sharp transition frequency bandwidth and a proper initialization, and analogically amplifies the difference between this unwanted synthesized signal and the unamplified sensor output using a low noise instrumentation amplifier. Digital filtering methods aims at separating signal sources, removing artifacts then detecting vital signs. Three original algorithms have been designed to efficiently recognize heartbeats in ballistocardiograms. The first algorithm is dynamic time warping template matching, where a heartbeat template is used to match heartbeats using a warping distance. The second algorithm models ballistocardiograms with periodic hidden Markov models. The third algorithm, the U-Net neural network, is supervised and segments heartbeats in ballistocardiograms. Finally, ballistocardiograms are mechanically and electronically amplified by 12 dB and 21 dB respectively, without saturation time; and digital filtering algorithms reach a 97% precision and 96% recall for heartbeats detection. Shortly, the designed ballistocardiograph will be clinically evaluated in a pediatric intensive care unit and in telemedicine against other ballistocardiographs and the gold standard methods

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Balsani, Wagner Roberto. "Desenvolvimento de arquitetura de instrumentação inteligente para o monitoramento de silos agrícolas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-26102017-093953/.

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Neste trabalho descrevemos a arquitetura e um protocolo de transmissão de dados para instrumentação dedicada ao monitoramento de parâmetros climáticos em silos e secadores de grãos. A arquitetura usa processamento distribuído e instrumentação inteligente baseada no microcontrolador 80535. O protocolo é baseado no padrão de comunicação serial multiponto RS 485 e no protocolo ISO.OSI. Atualmente. aproximadamente 20% da produção brasileira de grãos é perdida durante os processos de transporte e armazenamento. O uso de tal sistema permite medições e modelamento de silos e secadores.
In this work we describes an architecture and a digital data transmission protocol for an instrumentation dedicated to the monitoring of climatic parameters of grain bins and dryers. The architecture uses distributed processing and intelligent instrumentation based on the 80535 microcontroller. The protocol is based on both the RS 485 multipoint serial communication standard and the ISO.OSI protocol. Presently, approximately 20% of the Brazilian production of grains is lost during the processes of transportation and storaging. The use of this system allows measurements and modelling for bins and dryers.

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Zaghbib, Amina. "Instrumentation d’un système d’information de gestion de projets innovants pour l’accompagnement au changement dans le contexte de la r&d industrielle." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066311.

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Dans le contexte actuel de la mondialisation, l’entreprise est maintenant souvent distribuée. Son activité est répartie entre différents services situés parfois dans différents pays ou entre plusieurs partenaires lorsqu’il y a des sous-traitants. L’activité de la R&D est plus particulièrement contrainte d’évoluer dans ce contexte en déployant des processus complexes de conception collaborative pour l’innovation, ce qui nécessite de mettre en place des systèmes d’information (SI) spécifiques pour supporter de telles démarches de conception ainsi que des outils pour assurer l’accompagnement du changement. L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à montrer comment il est possible d’utiliser les SI et les techniques de type EIAH (Environnement Informatique pour l’Apprentissage Humain), plus particulièrement les ITS (Systèmes Tutoriels Intelligents), pour réaliser un accompagnement au changement dans le cadre d’une activité professionnelle : plus particulièrement, celui des acteurs de la R&D. Ce contexte est fortement marqué par une évolution de l’activité individuelle et du management des équipes vers des processus participatifs, collaboratifs et partenariaux auxquels les acteurs ne sont pas naturellement sensibilisés. Pour assurer un accompagnement au changement des acteurs de la R&D dans leur contexte professionnel, nous avons privilégié la piste de l’intégration d’un coaching virtuel dans l’environnement de travail de chacun des acteurs à travers un Système Tutoriel Intelligent. L’ensemble s’appuyant sur une méthode spécifique pour structurer la démarche d’innovation. Concrètement, les contributions proposées consistent à mettre en place le couplage de l’activité d’apprentissage et l’activité professionnelle, d’organiser leur interrelation dans la durée en particulier par leur pilotage
In the current context of globalization, the company is often distributed. Its activities are divided into different departments often located in different countries or between partners when there are sub-contractors. It is required to change its services operating mode and use particular approaches of collaborative design. The R&D sector is particularly constrained to evolve in this context. Information Systems (IS) meet the need of movement and development of knowledge and skills. However, the complexity of the collaborative process of innovative design in R&D context raises the necessity to develop approaches and tools for ensuring change management. The objective of this thesis is to show how it is possible to use the IS and TEL techniques (Technology Enhanced Learning), particularly the ITS (Intelligent Tutoring Systems), to realize a change accompaniment within the framework of the professional activity of R&D actors. This context is strongly marked by an evolution of the individual activity and team management towards participative, collaborative and partner processes. The proposed contributions implement the joining learning and professional activities, to organize their interrelation in the duration in particular by their piloting. We also identified and implemented the specific functional and conceptual characterizing of an intelligent tutoring system to ensure support for the change of R&D actors through the virtual coaching. Key- Words: Human factors and organizational innovation and competition; R&D; Dynamics of knowledge and competence; Accompaniment to change; Continuous corporate learning; Professional Learning; Distance Learning; TEL; E-learning; Intelligent Tutoring Systems; Virtual Coaching

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Perrin, Éric. "Stratégie intégrée utilisant des outils de l'intelligence artificielle pour la maîtrise d'un bioprocédé : instrumentation, modélisation, commande." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL112N.

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Ce travail a pour objectif l'étude d'éléments améliorant la maitrise d'un bioprocédé. Il s'agit particulièrement de proposer une stratégie permettant d'élaborer un algorithme de commande à priori d'un procédé en cours de développement. L’application choisie pour la mise en œuvre de cette méthodologie est une fermentation continue par des cellules immobilisées, et ce à 2 échelles pilotes de 4 l et 30 l. La première partie du travail est consacrée au développement d'outils d'acquisition et de traitement des informations indispensables à la compréhension du procédé. Tout d'abord, il s'agit de définir et mettre au point l'instrumentation environnante des fermenteurs: préleveurs automatiques d'échantillons de liquide et de gaz, couplés à des analyseurs, et logiciels de gestion de l'instrumentation pour le suivi en ligne de l'état du procédé. En second lieu, nous développons et éprouvons un nouvel outil d'optimisation, un algorithme génétique diploïde, qui est facilement applicable aux problèmes rencontrés en génie des procédés, et, dans cette étude, en estimation paramétrique. La seconde partie du travail concerne l'établissement d'un modèle du bioréacteur qui tient compte à la fois des écoulements et des biocinétiques réactionnelles. Son réglage est simplifié grâce à l'obtention automatique de jeux de paramètres optimaux, déterminés par l'outil d'estimation. Ils permettent la confrontation de modèles et le choix du plus approprié avec une bonne concordance entre résultats de fermentations pilotes et simulations. Dans la dernière partie, les connaissances acquises au cours de la modélisation permettent d'aborder le problème de commande: réguler la concentration d'éthanol présente en sortie de fermenteur en agissant sur le débit de percolation et sur la température. Il faut faire face aux non linéarités du procédé et à l'obtention de mesures retardées ce qui nécessite le recours à une structure compensatrice composée d'un régulateur et d'un prédicteur. L’étude de la commande est basée sur une approche qualitative traduisant les caractéristiques générales du procédé indépendamment de sa taille. La structure développée repose sur un régulateur de type PI flou et sur un prédicteur flou en L pas

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Leclet, Dominique. "Environnements Interactifs d'Apprentissage dans des contextes professionnels : Des Tuteurs Intelligents aux Systèmes Supports d'Apprentissage à Distance." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00001474.

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Nous présentons dans cette HDR nos activités de recherche depuis une dizaine d'années, qui se déclinent sous la forme de méthodes, de systèmes prototypés et expérimentés, en milieu écologique présentiel ou distanciel, et ce dans des contextes professionnels variés. Ces activités de recherche se déclinent, également, sous la forme d'actions sur le terrain permettant d'émettre de nouvelles hypothèses de recherche. Comme le souligne le titre de l'HDR « Environnements Interactifs d'Apprentissage dans des contextes professionnels : des Tuteurs Intelligents aux Systèmes Supports d'Apprentissage à Distance », le contexte de notre recherche reflète la prise de décision dans des contextes professionnels et la conception de systèmes supports d'apprentissage qui, au fil des ans, ont été associées à des problématiques issues de l'apprentissage à distance. Dans ce cadre, l'idée essentielle de notre recherche part du postulat suivant : « les Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication ont une contribution innovante à apporter aux dispositifs éducatifs et à l'apprentissage humain ». En effet, ces technologies transforment les modes de relation et d'interactions, la façon dont les humains communiquent leurs connaissances et de ce fait, transforment l'apprentissage lui-même. Elles favorisent également la diffusion et la mutualisation de connaissances. Avec l'essor d'Internet, le numérique constitue une nouvelle technique de transfert de celles-ci. Dans l'éducation et la formation, cet instrument technologique permet alors de repenser l'acte d'apprendre et de ne plus être limité à un apprentissage en présence. Aujourd'hui, la question, que se pose des chercheurs sensibles à cette évolution, n'est pas celle de l'opportunité ou non d'introduire ces technologies dans les systèmes supports d'apprentissage, mais plutôt celle de comprendre comment les appréhender et les maîtriser afin de proposer des systèmes innovants.
De plus notre pratique d'enseignant et de tuteur dans des formations à distance, doublée du constat de l'isolement des apprenants et leur besoin de collaborer, nous a amenées, depuis 2000, à nous interroger sur la place de l'apprentissage collectif et/ou personnalisé dans un dispositif de FAD. En effet, ces dernières sont souvent considérées comme la diffusion de connaissances et de contenus . Dans ce type de dispositif, les interactions s'établissent surtout entre « contenus médiatisés et apprenants » au détriment de la relation « enseignant - apprenant » . C'est pourquoi, nous pensons que ces apprentissages à distance doivent, d'une part, être l'occasion de mettre en œuvre une pédagogie différente et plus active, et d'autre part, reposer sur une analyse des besoins des usagers, à partir de laquelle sont conçues des activités pédagogiques adaptées et ce dans un contexte transdisciplinaire. Nous avons alors proposé une méthodologie de conception participative centré sur l'usager. Des questions pédagogiques sont alors sous-jacentes, notamment : comment lier un apprentissage collectif et personnalisé ? Quels modes d'activités est à proposer pour favoriser ces types d'apprentissage ? Quelle est la place réservée aux outils de FAD ? Comment les enseignants produisent leurs activités pédagogiques et leurs ressources ? Ou bien encore, des scénarios à priori sous-jacents aux activités pédagogiques existent-ils ? Ces questionnements ont orientés notre recherche vers la conception des systèmes supports d'apprentissage à distance alliant une approche collective et personnalisée et vers la conception d'outils d'aide à l'enseignant.

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Oliveira, Alex Lopes de. "Instrumentação inteligente via web services." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-13122006-150545/.

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Neste trabalho é apresentado um sistema de instrumentação inteligente integrado com a arquitetura Web Services e desenvolvido em conformidade com as diretrizes estabelecidas na norma IEEE 1451.1. O protocolo de transmissão de dados do sistema é associado ao conceito das especificações dos transdutores e a um Web Service que permita a configuração remota do sistema de aquisição de dados. Através de uma interface de supervisão remota, acessível via Internet a partir de qualquer navegador, o usuário é capaz de identificar quais são os sensores inteligentes que estão conectados em uma rede, através de uma identificação única associada às suas características (tipo, formatação dos dados, etc.). Nesta mesma interface de apresentação o usuário tem a liberdade de selecionar o número de sensores que deseja ativar para efetuar algum monitoramento. Após a seleção dos sensores é disponibilizada uma interface de monitoramento que permite a visualização dos dados através de um gráfico bem como permite ao usuário salvar em um arquivo texto os dados coletados. Na mesma interface de monitoramento é disponibilizado o Web Service que permite alterar o intervalo de coleta de dados. Um conjunto de computadores em uma rede local (Intranet) simula a rede de sensores inteligentes. Nesta mesma rede está conectado o servidor responsável pela disponibilização da interface de supervisão remota.
In this work is presented the integration of an established system of intelligent instrumentation with the Web Service?s architecture, in accordance with the IEEE 1451.1 standard. It is suggested the association of a data-communication protocol with the concept of Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) to a Web Service for making possible the remote configuration of a data acquisition system. Through a remote supervisor interface, accessible via Internet from any browser, the user can, at the first moment, identify which are the smart sensors connected in a network, using an unique identification associated to its characteristics (type, data formatting, etc.). In the same graphical interface the user can choose which sensors wants to monitor and, after the selection, will have available the monitoring interface that enables data visualization through a graph and allows the user to save the collected data in a text file. In the same monitoring interface the Web Service is also available; it admits modifications on the data collection interval. A group of computers in a local network (Intranet) simulates the smart sensors network. In the same network is connected a server responsible for supplying the remote supervisor interface.

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Leprêtre, Nicolas. "Les transformations de l’action publique au prisme des réseaux électriques intelligents. Le cas des expérimentations de smart communities au Japon." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN033/document.

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Dans un contexte de multiplication d’expérimentations de « réseaux électriques intelligents » (REI) et de « villes intelligentes » à travers le monde, cette thèse questionne les reconfigurations qui affectent l’action publique liée à l’énergie depuis l’émergence de ces innovations technologiques. À partir d’une analyse de l’instrumentation des politiques énergétiques et de la gouvernance de quatre démonstrateurs de « smart communities » au Japon, nous souhaitons saisir la reformulation du rôle de l’État et de ses modes d’interaction avec les collectivités territoriales et avec les acteurs privés. Nous défendons la thèse que la pratique de l’expérimentation tend à devenir un instrument privilégié de la conduite des politiques locales, en réponse à d’importantes transformations qui affectent les politiques énergétiques. En nous appuyant sur une analyse néo-institutionnaliste, nous montrons que l’introduction des REI est marquée par des permanences dans le processus d’élaboration des politiques publiques et dans les cadres cognitifs mobilisés, mais aussi par un « changement graduel transformateur » dans les instruments déployés. À travers l’étude des quatre premiers démonstrateurs de smart community mis en place entre 2010 et 2015 par le Ministère de l’Économie, du Commerce et de l’Industrie (METI) à Yokohama, Toyota, Kyōto Keihanna et Kitakyūshū, nous procédons à une analyse de l’influence de la pratique expérimentale sur la production de politiques énergétiques locales et sur les modes d’interaction entre l’État et les acteurs locaux. Il apparaît alors que la pratique expérimentale est appropriée par les acteurs locaux volontaristes comme un moyen de valoriser leurs « bonnes pratiques » et d’ériger leur territoire en vitrine de l’exemplarité. Cette démarche s’inscrit dans une perspective stratégique visant à capter les financements privés et publics, mais elle résulte aussi d’un repositionnement de l’appareil étatique visant à renforcer son contrôle au sein de politiques énergétiques territorialisées par la promotion d’expérimentations en phase avec ses stratégies. Nous mobilisons en particulier les notions de « méta-gouvernance » et de « gouvernement à distance » pour qualifier les dispositifs déployés par l’État pour conférer des marges de manœuvre aux acteurs locaux et accorder des concessions ponctuelles qui s’inscrivent dans ses perspectives stratégiques, tout en effectuant un contrôle sur ce processus afin de maintenir la structure du réseau
As smart grids’ experiments and smart cities are spreading through the world, this doctoral thesis questions the reconfigurations that have been affecting public action about energy issues since the appearance of these technological innovations. Through an analysis of energy policy tools and case studies of the governance of four ‘smart communities’ demonstration projects in Japan, my goal is to understand how the State redefines its role and its process of interaction with local governments and private actors. My main contribution is to analyze the practice of experimentation as an emerging tool of local policies, in response to major transformation that affect energy policies. Based on a neo-institutionalist approach, I highlight that the introduction of smart grids is based on continuities in terms of policymaking process and cognitive frames, while the policy tools used to implement smart grids are characterized by a ‘gradual institutional change’. Through an analysis of the first ‘smart communities’ demonstration projects that have been implemented by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) between 2010 and 2015 in Yokohama, Toyota, Kyōto Keihanna et Kitakyūshū, I study the influence of experimentations in the implementation of local energy policies and in the interactions between the State and local actors. My case studies show that proactive local actors took over experiment as a way of enhancing the exemplariness of their territory and “best practices”. From a strategic point of view, this approach aims at attracting public and private funding, but in an institutional perspective, it also reveals how the State positions itself in order to increase its control over territorialized energy policies by promoting experimentation projects according to its strategies. I use the notion of ‘meta-governor’ and ‘governing by distance’ as a way of describing the measures implemented by the METI and other ministries to give room for manoeuvre to local actors and to grant concessions that fits with their strategies, while controlling over this process in order to maintain the general structure of the grid

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Souza, Marcelo de. "Proposta de um sistema de gestão empregando instrumentação inteligente e redes de campo na automação do processo de tratamento de água." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-13122006-170823/.

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A necessidade de gestão e controle otimizados dos processos está cada vez mais presente nos dias atuais. Assim sendo, devido também à exigência de integrar tais processos aos diversos setores da economia, têm-se exigido respostas cada vez mais eficientes da engenharia da automação. Os recursos hídricos do planeta e os respectivos processos de tratamento e distribuição também têm sido alvo de pesquisas destinadas ao desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e metodologias de automação para melhorar a eficiência dos sistemas de controle e gestão. Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma nova proposta sistêmica de gestão de sistemas de tratamento de água com base nos atuais desenvolvimentos científicos e tecnológicos da instrumentação inteligente e das redes de campo. Assim sendo, esperase contribuir para a otimização operacional de sistemas de tratamento de água, uma vez que uma plataforma de automação mais poderosa permitirá implementar algoritmos de controle mais rigorosos e eficientes.
The need for optimized process management and control is increasingly present nowadays. Therefore, due to the necessity of integrating such processes into several economic segments, there is a pressing demand for more efficient responses from the automation engineering sector. The planet?s water resources and respective water treatment and supply processes have also been the subject matter of research for the development of new automation technologies and methodologies to improve the efficiency of control and management systems. This study submits a new systemic management approach for water treatment systems based on the current scientific and technological development of intelligent instrumentation and field networks. Therefore, this study intends to contribute to the operational optimization of water treatment systems since a more powerful automation platform will enable the implementation of more strict and efficient control algorithms.

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Rabello, Ladislau Marcelino. "Instrumentação avançada para tomada de decisão na avaliação da resistência do solo à penetração de raízes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-25072016-151326/.

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Neste trabalho é apresentado um instrumento para auxílio à tomada de decisão em processos que envolvem avaliações da resistência do solo à penetração de raízes. Seu desenvolvimento fundamenta-se na concepção de uma nova ferramenta instrumental avançada, que viabiliza em tempo quase real informações para análise da variabilidade espacial da resistência do solo à penetração de raízes, tanto para área como para perfil, devido aos processos de compactação natural ou artificial do solo. Ensaios para a medida da resistência do solo à penetração de raízes podem ser realizados tanto em ambiente laboratorial como diretamente em campo agrícola. Para o desenvolvimento utilizou-se o enfoque da instrumentação inteligente, bem como uma microsonda (ângulo de cone de 30º, diâmetro de base de 1,6 mm e comprimento total de 30 mm) sensoriada por célula de carga. Resultados mostram que medidas de resistência do solo à penetração de raízes podem ser realizadas até um limite de (49,03 +/- 0,07) Kgf com resolução de 1,57 Kgf. Adicionalmente, a versatilidade do sistema é verificada para a coleta de dados e interpretação da resistência do solo à penetração de raízes, uma vez que podem ser apresentados na forma de tabelas, gráficos unidimensionais, mapas bidimensionais e mapas tridimensionais. Desta maneira, o sistema possibilita ao usuário uma rápida interpretação sobre o estado de agregação do solo em áreas de cultivo agrícolas.
This work is presented an instrument for decision-making in agricultural processes based on the measurements and mapping of soil resistance to the root penetration. Its development was based on a new and advance instrumentation tool, which enables in almost real-time to acquire the necessary information for spatial variability analysis of the resistance to root of plants penetration in soils, due to, either, natural or artificial compaction soil processes, i.e., not only for an area of soil but also to soil profile. The system allows soil resistance essays for both laboratory and agricultural field. Moreover, intelligent instrumentation concept was focused in the development, as well as a microprobe (30º for the spire angle, 1,6 mm for the base diameter, and 30 mm of total length), sensored by strain-gage transducers. Results have shown that measurements of soil resistance to root of plant penetration are allowed up to the limit of (49,03 +/- 0,07) Kgf, with 1,57 Kgf of resolution. Additionally, the suitability of the system is verified for soil resistance data collection and its interpretation to root plant penetration, since they can be presented in format of tables, one-dimensional graphics, two-dimensional maps and three-dimensional maps. Therefore, this system allows to the users a fast interpretation of soil aggregation state in agricultural areas.

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Wu, Qin. "Élaboration d'algorithmesde la reconnaissance vocale à bord de véhicule." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112293.

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Ce mémoire traite principalement du problème de la reconnaissance de mots isolés à bord de véhicule. Dans cette application particulière, le bruit injecté dans le système a un niveau très variable et parfois très élevé par rapport la parole. Nous présentons dans les différents chapitres les aspects portant sur; - la localisation de la parole dans le bruit, - la discrimination du bruit et de la parole, - l'adaptation du système à l'ambiance, la soustraction du bruit lors de la reconnaissance. Des algorithmes portent sur l'ensemble de la reconnaissance vocale sont aussi discutés et développés. Un système de reconnaissance de mots isolés réalisé autour d'un microcontrôleur 8096 est également présenté dans le dernier chapitre
This dissertation treats principally the problem of recognition of isolated words pronounced inside a vehicule. In this particular application, the noise injected into the recognition system has a high and variable level with respect to the speech signal. The different chapters will deal with: the localisation of the speech phrase within the noise, the discrimination of noise with respect to speech, - the adaptation of the system with respect to the ambient environment, the noise soustraction. Algorithms for speech recognition are also discussed and developed. The last chapter describes a speech recognition system designed around o single-chip microprocesseur (INTEL 8096)

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Serra, Ginalber Luiz de Oliveira. "Propostas de metodologias para identificação e controle inteligentes." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260514.

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Orientador: Celso Pascoli Bottura
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T09:18:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Serra_GinalberLuizdeOliveira_D.pdf: 2165582 bytes, checksum: a1dad46bc4d817f8d4e6457f60ae9599 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Esta tese apresenta propostas de metodologias para identificação e controle inteligentes. Uma metodologia para identificação de sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares no tempo discreto, baseada tio método de variável instrumental e no modelo nebuloso Takagi-Sugeno, é apresentada. Nesta metodologia, a qual é uma extensão do método de variável instrumental tradicional, as variáveis instrumentais escolhidas, estatisticamente independentes do ruído, são mapeadas em conjuntos nebulosos, particionando o espaço de entrada em sub-regiões, para estimação não-polarizada dos parâmetros do conseqüente dos modelos nebulosos TS em ambiente ruidoso. Um esquema de controle adaptativo gain scheduling baseado em redes neurais, sistemas nebulosos e algoritmos genéticos para sistemas dinâmicos não-lineares no tempo discreto também é apresentado. 0 controlador nebuloso é desenvolvido e projetado com o usa de um algoritmo genético para satisfazer, simultaneamente, múltiplos objetivos. Com o esquema de aprendizagem supervisionada, os parâmetros do controlador nebuloso são usados para projetar um gain scheduler neural para ajuste on-line do controlador nebuloso em alguns pontos de operação do sistema dinâmico
Abstract: This thesis presents proposals of methodologies for intelligent identification and control. A methodology tor nonlinear dynamic discrete time systems identification, based on the instrumental variable method and Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, is presented. In this methodology, which is an extension of the standard instrumental variable method, the chosen instrumental variables, estatistically independent of the noise, are mapped into fuzzy sets, partitioning the input space in subregions, for unbiased estimation of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model consequent parameters in a noisy environment. A gain scheduling adaptive control design based on neural network, fuzzy systems and genetic algorithms for nonlinear dynamic discrete time systems is also presented. The fuzzy controller is developed and designed by a genetic algorithm to satisfy, simultaneously, multiple objectives. "With the supervised learning scheme, the fuzzy controller parameters are used to design the gain neural scheduler to tune on-line the fuzzy controller in some operation points of the dynamic system
Doutorado
Automação
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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Panda, Soumya Ranjan, and Avinash Mohanty. "Application of Virtual Implementation & Labview in Communication System." Thesis, 2007. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/50/1/10307007.pdf.

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Virtual Instrumentation is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems, called virtual instruments. The concept of a synthetic instrument is a subset of the virtual instrument concept. A synthetic instrument is a kind of virtual instrument that is purely software defined. A synthetic instrument performs a specific synthesis, analysis, or measurement function on completely generic, measurement agnostic hardware. Virtual instruments can still have measurement specific hardware, and tend to emphasize modular hardware approaches that facilitate this specificity. Hardware supporting synthetic instruments is by definition not specific to the measurement, nor is it necessarily (or usually) modular. Leveraging commercially available technologies, such as the PC and the analog to digital converter, virtual instrumentation has grown significantly since its inception in the late 1970s. Additionally, software packages like National Instruments' Lab VIEW and other graphical programming languages helped grow adoption by making it easier for non-programmers to develop systems.

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Rath, Bulbul, and Partha Tripathy. "Design and Development of Intelligent Sensors." Thesis, 2009. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/221/1/Design_and_Development_of_Intelligent_Sensors1.pdf.

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In this project, we make an extensive study of Intelligent Sensors and devise methods for analyzing them through various proposed algorithms broadly classified into Direct and Inverse Modeling. Also we look at the analysis of Blind Equalization in any sensor. A regular sensor is a device which simply measures a signal and converts it into another signal which can be read by an observer and an instrument. A sensor's sensitivity indicates how much the sensor's output changes when the measured quantity changes. Ideal sensors are designed to be linear. The output signal of such a sensor is linearly proportional to the value of the measured property. The sensitivity is then defined as the ratio between output signal and measured property. For example, if a sensor measures temperature and gives a voltage output, the sensitivity is a constant with the unit [V/K]; this sensor is linear because the ratio is constant at all points of measurement. If the sensor is not ideal, several types of deviations can occur which render the sensor results inaccurate. On the other hand, an intelligent sensor takes some predefined action when it senses the appropriate input (light, heat, sound, motion, touch, etc.).A sensor is intelligent when it is capable of correcting errors occurred during measurement both at the input and output ends. It generally processes the signal by means of suitable methods implemented in the device before communicating it. As we discussed an ideal sensor should have linear relationship with the measures quantity. But since in practice there are several factors which introduce non-linearity in a system, we need intelligent sensors. This particular project concentrates on the compensation of difficulties faced due to the non-linear response characteristics of a capacitive pressure sensor (CPS).It studies the design of an intelligent CPS using direct and inverse modeling switched-capacitor circuit(SCC) converts the change in capacitance of the pressure-sensor into an equivalent voltage output . The effect of change in environmental conditions on the CPS and subsequently on the output of the SCC is such that it makes the output non-linear in nature. Especially change in ambient temperature causes response characteristics of the CPS to become highly nonlinear, and complex signal processing may be required to obtain correct results. The performance of the control system depends on the performance of the sensing element. It is observed that many sensors exhibit nonlinear input-output characteristics. Due to such nonlinearities direct digital readout is not possible. As a result we are forced to employ the sensors only in the linear region of their characteristics. In other words their usable range gets restricted due to the presence of nonlinearity. If a sensor is used for full range of its nonlinear characteristics, accuracy of measurement is severely affected. Similar effect is also observed in case of LVDT. The nonlinearity present is usually time-varying and unpredictable as it depends on many uncertain factors. Nonlinearity also creeps in due to change in environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. In addition ageing of the sensors also introduces nonlinearity. The proposed scheme incorporates intelligence into the sensor. We use many algorithms and ANN models to make the sensor ‘intelligent’. Also there is an analysis of the Blind Deconvolution Techniques that maybe used for Channel Estimation. As it is a relatively new field of work, the challenges are huge but opportunities are many as well. We try to make sensors more intelligent as they would allow a varied application of them in industry, academic and domestic environments.

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K, Chandrashekar. "Design of digital FIR Filter using SPST based multipliers." Thesis, 2008. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4148/1/20607010.pdf.

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Multiplication and addition are the most basic operations in all DSP applications. We are going for a low power implementation of these basic operations, as the power has a huge impact on the life of battery, as well as on the system life time. This paper provides the experience of applying an advanced version of former spurious power suppression technique(SPST) on multipliers for high speed and low power purposes. For this first we are applying this SPST technique on adder. Later we use SPST based adder on both modified booth decoder and the compression tree of multipliers to enlarge the power reduction. The simulation results show that the SPST implementation with AND gates own extremely high flexibility on adjusting the data asserting time which not only facilitates the robustness of SPST but also leads speed improvement as well as dissipating very lesser power by gaining 40% power reduction.For the application point of view i have designed a 12-tap,16 bit signed digital FIR Filter in which i have used SPST based adder and multiplier components to decrease the power as well as to increase the speed. Simulation results show that the FIR filter with SPST based multipliers is owning approximately 35% power reduction and 15% speed improvement compared to a FIR filter with tree multipliers. VI

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Das, Dillip Kumar, and Sandeep Sheetal. "Data Acquisition System Using AT89c51 and PCL-207." Thesis, 2009. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1053/1/Thesis.pdf.

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A typical data acquisition system consists of individual sensors with necessary signalconditioning, data conversion, data processing, multiplexing, data handling and associated transmission, storage and display system. In order to optimize the characteristics of a system in terms of performance, handling capacity and cost, the relevant subsystem can be combined together. Analog data is generally acquired and converted into the digital form for the purpose of processing, transmission and display. Rapid advances in Personal Computer (PC) hardware and software technologies have resulted in easy and efficient adoption of PCs in various precise measurement and complex control applications. A PC based measurement or control application requires conversion of real world analog signal into digital format and transfer of digitized data into the PC. A data acquisition system that performs conversion of analog signal to digital data and the digital data to analog signal is interfaced to a pc to implement the functions of a measurement and control instrumentation applications. In this project we have used the electromagnetic sensor to acquire the data of a magnetic disk angular velocity, which we have got in mili volts range. This has been further converted approximately into the range of 5 volt by using an instrumentation amplifier of suitable gain (~20).We then converted the analog voltage into digital by using ADC 0808 and the processing part is done by using ATMEL89c51.In the second case we have used the data acquisition card PCL-207 to interface the amplified output to PC.

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Kalita, Angshuman, and Rashmi Ranjan Kar. "Ddynamic matrix control." Thesis, 2010. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/1878/1/angshu_thesis.pdf.

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Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) was the first Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm introduced in early 1980s. These are proven methods that give good performance and are able to operate for long periods without almost any significant intervention. Model predictive control is also the only technique that is able to consider model restrictions. Today, DMC is available in almost all commercial industrial distributed control systems and process simulation software packages. This project thesis provides a brief overview of Dynamic Matrix Control which is the backbone of Model Predictive Control. A brief history of early industrial MPC applications is given followed by some of its industrial uses. Then some basic structure of model predictive control is discussed. Then follows the three main integral parts of any Model Predictive Control algorithm which are the process model, the cost function and the optimization technique. Various process models like state space model, step response model and impulse response model are discussed followed by cost functions. Quadratic and absolute value cost functions are explained. The receding horizon technique is then explained which simplifies the optimization of the process models. A brief idea about the DMC tuning is given. Finally the simulation outputs under the MATLAB window are provided for the sake of conformity with the theoretical approaches.

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Pattnaik, Sushant Kumar. "Design and Implementation of a Soft Switched Inverter Based 400 Hz Power Supply." Thesis, 2010. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/2921/1/Binder1.pdf.

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In this dissertation, the suitability of Resonant DC Link Inverter (RDCLI) for a 400 Hz Power Supply usually applicable for Aircrafts/ Ships etc. is investigated. Aircrafts and such equipment usually operate at 400 Hz (8 times the standard frequency) primarily for the purpose of reducing the sizes of the connected loads. Since usually available generators are designed for 50 Hz, power converters and controls come into force for designing a 400 Hz supply. Basically we have two options (Hard switched and Soft-Switched) while adopting AC-DC-AC conversion. Soft-switched inverters will score over this specific application for constructing a 400 Hz waveform usual PWM frequency required would be at least 4 kHz. For medium power applications (100 kVA) operating at 4 kHz could be a difficult task for a hard-switched inverter. However, Soft-Switching Inverter in the form of RDCLI is a better option as it would provide a huge current regulator bandwidth. Furthermore, switching losses would be virtually zero that would facilitate improving the efficiency of the power supply.

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Kumar, Mukesh, and Sambit Dash. "Relay based traffic contol system using infrared pair detectors." Thesis, 2012. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/3836/2/FINAL_DOC.pdf.

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A relay is an electromechanical device that is actuated by an electrical current. The small current flowing in relay circuit causes the opening or closing of high power requiring circuit. The proposed traffic control system in this project will be a simple relay based controller system which can adapt according to the amount of traffic in one direction. The relay will require only small amount of current for its operation but will be used to operate high power requiring traffic lights. Also relay switching will be used to operate more number of components with the same port. The system will require relay board, microcontroller and IR sensor for its implementation. In every direction the road will consist of an IR transmitterreceiver pair at a certain distance from traffic lights. When the traffic will become heavy in one particular direction during emergency situations it will increase the time duration for that particular road thus will help in getting rid off from the heavy traffic congestion which would not have been possible if the timing sequence of the system has been kept fixed.

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Karuppanan, P. "Design and Implementation of Shunt Active Power Line Conditioner using Novel Control Strategies." Thesis, 2012. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4547/1/508EC103_Karuppananp-thesis.pdf.

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Shunt Active Power Filter (APF) or Active Power Line Conditioner (APLC) is designed and implemented for power quality improvements in terms of current harmonics and reactive-power compensation. The widespread use of non-linear loads in industrial, commercial and domestic facilities cause harmonic problems. Harmonics induce malfunctions in sensitive equipment, overvoltage by resonance, increase heat in the conductors, harmonic voltage drop across the network impedance and affects other customer loads connected at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Active power line conditioner is implemented for compensating the harmonics and reactive-power imultaneously in the distribution system. The performance of the active power line conditioner depends on the design and characteristics of the controller adopted for APLC. The objective of this research is to find a suitable control strategy for reference current extraction as well as PWM-VSI current controller. PI / PID / FLC / PI-FLC, Fryze power theory, proposed instantaneous realpower theory, proposed sinusoidal extraction controller and modified-synchronous reference frame theory methods are utilized for extracting reference current.Furthermore, indirect PWM-current control (triangular-carrier / triangular-periodical current controller, space vector modulation controller, fixed-Hysteresis Current Controller (HCC), adaptive-HCC and adaptive-fuzzy-HCC) approach is applied to generate switching pulses of the PWM-inverter. Each reference current extraction method in conjunction with various PWM-current control techniques (or vice-versa) are simulated and investigated for the active power line conditioner. For experimental validation, the modified-synchronous reference frame with adaptive-fuzzy-HCC technique is adopted. This control algorithm is demonstrated through the TMS320F240 Digital Signal Processor for shunt APLC system.

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Khalkho, Rohit. "Comparative performance analysis of different control structure of process." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4759/1/211EC3310.pdf.

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This communication provides the comparative performance analysis of different control structures such as feedback only, feedback-feedforward, cascade and Internal Model Controller of process. The processes used in this project are Binary Distillation column, Heat Exchanger and Boiler Drum. Binary Distillation Column: Distillation column is a tall metal cylinder internally fitted with perforated horizontal plates used to promote separation of miscible liquids ascending in the cylinder as vapour. These columns function as process equipment where liquid or vapour mixture of two/more substance separation by application and removal of heat into its component fractions as per the desired purity requirement. Heat exchanger: It transfers the heat from a hot fluid to cooler fluid, so the primary importance of this system is to control the output temperature of heated liquid whenever there is some disturbances. Heat exchanger is generally used in chemical & process industries for efficient heating purpose of liquid steam where huge amount of heats are required & electrical heating is not economical. Boiler Drum: The primary purpose of the steam drum is to separate the saturated steam from the steam-water mixture that leaves the heat transfer surfaces and enters the drum. The steam-free water is re-circulated within the boiler with the incoming feed water for further steam generation. It is used to purify the steam by removing contaminants and residual moisture. Comparative response analysis has been studied for different control structures (feedback only, feedback-feedforward and cascade). The responses are also compared using IMC based control system and effect of tuning parameters is also studied.

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Das, Srinit, and UpasanaPriyadarsini Pal. "Controller design for vehicle heading control." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4778/1/109EI0320.pdf.

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Unmanned ground vehicles have significant role to play in the fields of military, space exploration, accessing dangerous terrain, operating in hazardous industries and process stations. Control of the heading of the vehicle is critical to its safety and stability. Modelling the parameters and process is critical to developing a control strategy for it. There are multiple factors that are responsible for the heading of the vehicle which can lead to a complicated process model. However, the model has been simplified by suitable approximations. The objective of this research is to control the heading of a vehicle in the real world environment under the unpredictable and unstructured surroundings. The change of heading direction and the speed of the vehicle influence to the motion of a vehicle. The vehicle model that was assumed was a four wheeled electric motor driven car, whose steering system is modified to be controlled by a DC servo motor mounted at the steering wheel shaft, and is fitted with a compass sensor to measure the current heading direction of the vehicle. Various control strategies were simulated in Simulink to converge at the most appropriate one. The chief objective was to achieve minimum settling time and also reduce overshoot and steady state error. Strategies such as double loop controller, Internal Model Controller (IMC), Modified IMC and robust controller are used for the same process and the performance of each is presented.

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Mishra, Rakesh Kumar. "Design of an Internal Model Controller for Binary Distillation Column." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4812/1/211EC3314.pdf.

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In this report Internal Model Control, Lead- Lag based Internal Model Control and modified Internal Model Control for distillation column has been proposed. The prime objective of any industrial process is to perform efficiently with optimum cost reduction. Internal Model Control (IMC) is a commonly used technique that provides a transparent mode for the designing and easy tuning of control structure . I have designed the internal model control for binary distillation column .The transfer function has been taken from Wood and Berry model. The internal model control has been designed considering three strategies namely, process perfect, process mismatch with disturbances and process model with considering only disturbance. It has also been tried to reduce the disturbance created in the system by varying tuning parameter (ë). In the second proposal, Lead-Lag based Internal Model Control method is proposed based on Internal Model Control (IMC) strategy. We have also designed the Lead-Lag based Internal Model Control for binary distillation column. We have found the composition control and disturbance rejection using Lead-Lag based IMC and comparing with the response of generalize Internal Model Controller. Finally we have design the Modified Internal Model Structure, and find the response for binary distillation column and compare with generalize Internal Model Controller response. This thesis presents an Internal Model Control, lead- lag based internal model control and modified internal model control strategy for binary distillation column and comparing the response with each other. The aim is to provide a best strategy to control the distillation column that is favourable in terms of industrial implementation. I have used matlab software to simulate the all process.

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Mishra, Manish. "Design of microcontroller based temperature controller." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/4821/1/109EI0075.pdf.

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The “MICROCONTROLLER BASED TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER “controls the temperature of any device according to its requirement for any industrial application. At the heart of the circuit is the ATMEGA32 microcontroller which controls all its functions. A temperature sensor LM35 is used for sensing the temperature of the environment and the system displays the temperature on an LCD in the range of –55°C to +150°C.This temperature is compared with the value stored by the user and if the temperature goes beyond the preset temperature then heater will switch off and if temperature goes below to preset value then heater will switch on. AC bulb is interfaced with the microcontroller which is done with the help of a relay and an npn transistor.

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Nayak, Parmanand. "Implementation of single phase watt hour meter using LPC2148." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5102/1/211EC3316.pdf.

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The LPC2148 device is the latest system-on-chip (SOC), which belongs to the ARM generation of devices. This generation of devices belongs to the powerful 32-bit ARM platform bringing in a lot of new features and flexibility to support robust single, two and 3-phase metrology solutions. This thesis however, discusses the implementation of 1-phase solution only. These devices find their application in energy calculation and have the necessary architecture to support them. Furthermore, for large scale manufacturing, the costs can become lower than those of the electromechanical meters currently in production. This device presents a totally electronic single phase energy meter for residential use, based on ARM processor. A four digit display is used to show the consumed power. A prototype has been implemented to adequate measurement up to 5A load current from a 230V (phase to neutral) voltage. Higher current capacity can be easily obtained by simply replacing the shunt resistor. And, by changing the transformer tap and the voltage divider ratio, it can be easily manipulated for use in a 220 V supply.

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Dutta, Rohan, and Rupak Das. "Study of PLC and Its Application In A Smart Traffic Control System." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5153/1/109EI0319.pdf.

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PLC or Programmable logic controller was used to control a mechantronics system using specific functions.Basic PLC functions such as timing,sequencing,controlling and relaying were implemented.The basic programming logic and ladder programming was studied and implemented.The intelligent or “Smart Traffic Control” is one which would be able to calculate the vehicle density in a lane at a 4-way crossing and then decide the priority automatically using a program burned in microcontroller. In practical situations sensors are used to detect presence of vehicles in a lane and calculate the density and sends an interrupt signal to the control unit .In PLC the status of the sensors are checked and certain logical operations are performed to decide which lane is to be serviced first.Under low density condition it would operate sequentially.Ladder diagram was developed for the implementation of the same in PLC.

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Pattnaik, Ashutosh, and Rajiv Ranjan. "Robotic Arm Control Through Human Arm Movement using Accelerometers." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5283/1/109EI0297.pdf.

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In today’s world there is an increasing need to create artificial arms for different inhuman situations where human interaction is difficult or impossible. They may involve taking readings from an active volcano to diffusing a bomb. Here we propose to build a robotic arm controlled by natural human arm movements whose data is acquired through the use of accelerometers. For proper control mechanism and to reduce the amount of noise coming in from the sensors, proper averaging algorithm is used for smoothening the output of the accelerometer. The development of this arm is based on ATmega32 and ATmega640 platform along with a personal computer for signal processing, which will all be interfaced with each other using serial communication. Finally, this prototype of the arm may be expected to overcome the problem such as placing or picking hazardous objects or non-hazardous objects that are far away from the user.

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Jibrail, Sheikh Farhan, and Rakesh Maharana. "PID Control of Line Followers." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5405/1/109EI0326.pdf.

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Line Following is one of the most important aspects of robotics. A Line Follower Robot is an autonomous robot which is able to follow either a black or white line that is drawn on the surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move automatically and follow the made plot line. PID control of line follower is a method consisting of Proportional, Integral & Derivative functions to improve the movement of the robot. The robot uses several sensors to identify the line thus assisting the bot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC Motors to control the movement of the wheels. The Atmega Microcontroller will be used to perform and implement PID algorithms to control the speed of the motors steering the robot to travel along the line smoothly. This project aims to implement the PID algorithm and control the movement of the robot by proper tuning of the control parameters and thus achieve better performance. This project has various applications in the field of Medicine, Automation and Space Application.

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Simma, Govindarajulu. "Performance Analysis of Process Using Model Predictive Controller Strategy." Thesis, 2013. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5419/1/211EC3319.pdf.

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Distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on different in their boiling points. It is a physical separation and not a chemical operation. McCabe-Thiele method used to find the no of trays in a distillation column of tray type distillation column. In this thesis we will see how and why certain variables may be manipulated to control product composition in distillation column, to control distillation column we used model predictive control. Model predictive control (MPC) has become the leading form of advanced multi variable control technique in process industry. With the help of this thesis we want to presents reliable tuning strategy for unconstrained single input single out put (SISO) dynamic matrix control (DMC). The tuning strategy achieves set point with minimal over shoot and modest manipulate input move sizes and it applicable to a broad class of open loop stable process. We used DMC algorithms for model control algorithm; in this thesis explain Single input Single output and Multi input and Multi output DMC algorithms. This thesis presents a model predictive control strategy for multivariable nonlinear control problems2 2,3 3 and 4 4process in distillation column,also explain how the tuning parameters affect the step response model of water heater. The aim is to provide a solution to nonlinear control problem that is favorable in terms of industrial implementation. MPC TOOLS of MATLAB® has used to simulate the all process.

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Raj, Ravi. "Analysis of different control strategies for different industrial processes using SIMULINK." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5583/1/110EI0250-5.pdf.

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This project work analyses the different control strategies for different types of industrial process systems. The design and implementation of these processes are done in the SIMULINK software. Firstly, we need mathematical models of the systems before the analysis of processes. For this we generally use Laplace transfer and linearization which is carried out in each and every system considered in this project work. We have distinguished higher order systems on the basis of Non-interacting & Interacting system. In level process, a single-tank, a two-tank, and three-tank systems are analyzed. The objective of these systems is to maintain the process liquid at a desired level or change it at a pre-determined rate by controlling and using the manipulated variables. This project work also focusses on the various PID controller design methods such as Zeigler-Nichol method, Cohen-Coon method, Tyreus-Luyben method, Internal Model Control (IMC) and Minimum error criteria (IAE, ISE) method. The performances of the PID tunings methods for the different control strategies are also used to compare different processes. The implementation of IMC based PID controller for handling unstable processes with dead time (SOPTD) is also done. SIMULINK in MATLAB is used to simulate all these processes. The response curves of these systems are generated to different forcing functions.

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Kumar, S. "Tuning of PID controller for higher order system." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5777/1/E-106.pdf.

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PID controllers have been widely used in process control industries because of its implementational and tuning advantages. It is mainly used because of its relatively simple structure and robust performance. It seems conceptually very easy to achieve multiple objectives such as short transients and high stability, but tedious in practice. The speed of the response of the system is inversely proportional to the time constant of the dominant pole of the plant. Thus, it is advisable to design such a plant which has pole very near to the origin. Better responses can be found in different systems with different dynamics, like those with low order or high order, monotonic or oscillatory responses and large dead time or small dead time. Tuning of PID controllers for first order plus dead time is very simple and common in practice. Many methods have been found out which can generate the algorithm for first order plus dead time model, but first order plus dead time model is unable to generate peaks for monotonic processes.

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Singh, A. K. "Control of Multi Tank System and their Performance analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5781/1/212EC3161-1.pdf.

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A multi tank level control system has an example of interacting and non-interacting system. In this system, we have considered three tanks each having equal cross section area and each tank can be assumed as a first order system which are connected in interacting and various non-interacting mode. The control system is intended to maintain the level of the third tank at some predefined value irrespective of changes of inflow of first tank. Conventional PID controller is a powerful controller used in process industries to regulate and control process variables. In this work, we also consider the effect of the disturbance on the response of the system. According to these disturbances, we need to implement feed forward controller with better tuning algorithm. Thus, we implement transfer function of above system and behavior is observed with step input. Control of the level in the tank and flow in between them is basic problem in process control industries almost all the chemical industries are connected in cascade for storage of liquid and for other chemical processes. all the tank have their own manipulated variable to control liquid level inside the tank so in this section we are analyze the response of various type of tank, like conical, rectangular etc. the response of these tank which are connected in interacting and non interacting mode are observed with applying step input and response these system is improved by designing various type of controller like feedback controller and feed-forward controller. Effect of interaction is also observed and the effect of this interaction is minimized by designing a de-coupler circuit

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Nayak, S. "The feedfroward plus decoupling control design for TITO system." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5808/1/e-22.pdf.

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Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are commonly used controllers in industry for their relative ease of use and it also provides the satisfactory performance in industrial processes. It exploits in case of tight performances by employing additional functionalities such as antiwindup, set-point weight, feedforward action. These functionalities are developed for Single-Input-Single-output (SISO) systems. A system with multi inputs and multi outputs are alloyed as MIMO system. Industrial systems like Chemical reactors, Heat exchangers and Distillation column etc. are the best examples of MIMO systems. To perform an operation in SISO system is easier than the operation in MIMO system. The cause of this complication occurs due to the coupling or interactions in between the input and output variables. Hence to minimize the interactions, in this paper we are going to discuss about Decoupling for a TITO system. And the feedforward controller is used for following the set-point.

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Samal, Nilimamayee. "Data Acquisition and Linearization of Sensors: Greenhouse Case Study." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5842/1/212EC3160.pdf.

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This work presents an overview of data acquisition, data logging and supervisory control of different parameters in a greenhouse. Raw measurement data from various parameters (surrounding temperature, pH of liquid, CO2 gas concentration) are acquired using DAQ and logged in a database for further analysis and supervisory control. For sensing the physical parameters, LM 35, pH probe, CO2 gas sensors are used. These sensors and DAQ needs uninterrupted power supply. For this purpose renewable energy is used to generate clean energy. Solar radiation can be used to generate electricity using PV (photo voltaic) cell and power conditioning circuit. This thesis is used to study the electrical characteristics of PV cell, which can be used to generate electricity from solar radiation for greenhouse purpose. Simulation studies have been carried out to know the electrical characteristics of PV cell for various irradiation levels. The sensors, which are mentioned above are mostly linear sensors. To use a nonlinear sensor suitably for data acquisition purpose, first of all the sensor linearization is done. In this work a thermistor is considered and its nonlinear characteristics are linearized using two methods (curve fitting method, Steinhart-Hart equation).

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Panda, Gopal Krushna, A. nubhav Panigrahy, and t. a. Hemant Kumar Gup. "Design of 2df imc controller." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/5999/1/110EI0414-3.pdf.

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The Internal model control (IMC) relies on the mathematical model of the process to be controlled. In IMC we can achieve accurate control only if the control systems contain (either implicitly or explicitly) some mathematical representation of the process to be controlled. In this report we analyze about automatic process control, basic principle behind imc, and design 2df imc controller. The 1df imc controller is good for set point tracking. But in case of disturbance rejection the time to settle is too high. In this case we use 2df imc controller. One controller is used for set point tracking and another is used for disturbance rejection. Two degree of freedom imc controller is always not use full. 2df imc controller is not use full for Process having frequency response initially low and then high. So before designing the controller for the process, we have to check and compare with the 1df output and then we should design controller for the process. In case of 1df controller, we design filter parameter as our requirement to track the set point. Set point Controller is designed in such a way that it cancels out poles and zeroes of the process. So the controller is very good for set point tracking. But for the process having disturbance lag it is not useful. If we design the 1df controller for disturbance rejection it is not good for set point tracking. So we have to use another degree of freedom. In our study we analyze different principle of designing the 2df imc controller and advantage of this over 1df controller.

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Bansod, Saurabh. "Design of low cost semi- virtual digital storage oscilloscope." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6026/1/110EI0251-6.pdf.

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The use of personal computers (PC) with the present-day automation, measurement and instrumentation world has opened up the door for Virtual Instrumentation. In this application a module (Arduino uno board) was used to design a semi-virtual instrument which can replace the general purpose instruments in an electronics lab. Arduino uno board is a module based on a single microcontroller. It has its associated software which is very easy to use. The programs are written in C language. In this application arduino is used to design a virtual oscilloscope. A serial communication is performed between arduino and computer. Computer is used to display continuous analog signal that has been given to the input of arduino. Since the input signal can be accessed and displayed using matlab, Fourier transform of the signal is also possible, thus it is also being used as a spectrum analyzer. A square wave has also been generated using Arduino. Hence it can also been used as a function generator.

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Maliye, S. "Regenerative and anti-lock braking system in electric vehicles." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6062/1/E-184.pdf.

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Many accidents are caused when a vehicle is braked hard, causing the wheels to lock up. At such times, the driver has no control over the steering of the vehicle and as a result cannot change the direction of the car. Anti-Lock Braking System prevents wheels from being locked up during braking by using a non continuous form of braking known as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) braking. This gives the driver the control of the vehicle at all times and even while braking. Because of such type of braking, the wheels can better grip the road surface and the stopping distances also reduce significantly especially on tricky road surfaces like icy or wet roads. The kinetic energy of the wheel is generally lost during braking in the form of heat due to friction between the brake pads. This energy can be recovered using a technique called as Regenerative Braking. In this technique, the excess energy is stored temporarily in capacitor banks before it gets converted to heat energy and is wasted. This system prolongs the battery life by recharging the battery using the stored energy. Hence the mileage of the electric vehicle also increases as it can travel more distance in a single battery charge. These two methods together help make an electric vehicle energy efficient as well as safer and easier to use thus preventing and reducing the number of accidents.

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47

Lakra, A. "Performance analysis of IMC based cascade control system and comparative study of 1DF & 2DF IMC controller." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6166/1/E-47.pdf.

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In this project, performance analysis of IMC (Internal Model Control) based Cascade Control and comparative study of 1DF (One-Degree of Freedom) and 2DF (Two-Degree of Freedom) IMC controller has been discussed. Based on considerations about the expected operational modes of the inner loop as well as outer loop controller are selected from the 1DF and 2DF IMC control system. A design method for both 1DF and 2DF IMC systems have been designed with ideal models which provide the greatest probable performance compatible with noisy measurement for intrinsically stable processes. An important thing is that for designing of IMC controllers is the capability to show the time response of the loop transmission. The MATLAB and SIMULINK software has been used for designing of the 1FD and 2DF controllers, where the controllers and processes has been performed in the blocks. The 1DF control systems present the IMC design methods for intrinsically stable linear processes where the disturbance arrives directly into the process output. The 2DF control systems are used for stable processes or for inherently unstable processes where the disturbances proceeds over a lag or over a lag the process whose process time constants are in the order of lag time constants of the process or greater than the process lag time constant . In IMC cascade systems, to obtain the best set-point tracking and disturbance rejection the cascade control inner loop must be designed and tuned such as a 2DF controller

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48

Pati, J. R. "Modeling, identification and control of cart-pole system." Thesis, 2014. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6302/1/E-64.pdf.

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To understand any physical world system, a proper mathematical model is required. With the help of mathematical model, the system can be studied and controlled. There are different ways to develop a mathematical model such as first principle method and system identification method. First principle method is generally used when there is sufficient knowledge of the physical world system but system identification is used when there is no knowledge of the system. System identification is widely used to develop mathematical model of complex, non-linear systems. Cart-pole system is a benchmark problem in control system where the control objective is to balance the inverted pendulum mounted on the cart to a vertical position. This complete system is nonlinear in nature and the mathematical model can’t be efficiently calculated using first principle modeling. So system identification method is used to develop the mathematical model of the said system. This thesis finds out the linearized mathematical model of the said cart-pole system using parametric system identification procedure. Parametric system identification procedure consists of experiment design, model structure selection, parameter estimation and model validation. This thesis also designs linear and non-linear controller for the said system. For linearized model of cart-pole system some of the linear controllers designed are LQR, LQR-Pole-placement-PID, Fuzzy-PID, LQG and H-infinity. For the nonlinear model of cart-pole system, the control techniques discussed are the partial feedback linearization and classical feedback linearization control.

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49

Behera, Sanjeet Kumar. "Wireless Controlled Robotic Automation System." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/6954/1/Wireless_Behera_2015.pdf.

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The project is to develope a controller and to control a 6 DOF robotic arm for Pick & Place Application over wireless. The objective is to learn various types of control methods for the pick and place robotic arm for educational purpose uses. The 6-DOF robot arm is controlled by a serial servo controller circuit board. The controller board utilizes a Atmega328 microcontroller ( Boot loaded with Arduino Diecimila Bootloader ) from Atmel Corporation as the control system to control all the activities. The input sensors like potentiometers will send a the input signals to the microcontroller, then microcontroller will analyze the data accordingly and will send control signals to the output devices. This output signal basically turns ON or OFF the output devices such as servo motors. The servo controller board is connected to the serial port on a PC running the Microsoft Windows operating system. The ATMega328 will be programmed to run robot arm sequences independently by help of a FT232RL breakout board. Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is used to develop the arduino sketch. Various types of control methods have been implemented. Manual control of the Robotic arm by mirroring the designed prototype movements. Prototype was developed by help of sensors like potentiometers. Also automated control of the robotic arm has been realized. The controller is also interfaced with a XBee XBP24-AWI-001 wireless module for remote control of the robotic arm from a PC using a graphical user interface (GUI), which was designed using processing development environment (PDE).The EEPROM present in Atmega328 MC unit has been utilized to make the robotic arm learnable. i.e. it can learn the movements stored in the memory and can replay it whenever prompted remotely. Programming is done remotely and the output data is sent over wireless to control the robotic arm.

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50

Wamhne, Udipt. "Two Tank Level Control Systems Using Dynamic Matrix Control and Study of Its Tuning Parameter." Thesis, 2015. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/7183/1/Two_Wamhne_2015.pdf.

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Liquid level has a major role in the process industries especially in chemical plants, pharmaceutical industries, etc and the controlling of this parameter is a big task. Every time controlling manually is not possible therefore by using simulation methods, these targets are achieved. This project deals with the Two Tank Systems on which Dynamic Matrix Controller algorithm has been applied for the simulation work. Effect of tuning parameters such as prediction horizon (p), control horizon (m) and model length (n) are studied and data were collected. Different performances i.e. rise time, settling time etc. were seen for different varying tuning parameters. Also the Empirical Formula has been derived, based on the observations for optimal performance of the system. Process parameters have been changed and best performance has been observed with respect to the time constant. This project work manages the study and examination of DMC for the given Tank System under MATLAB simulation window

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intelligent Instrumentaion'

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