Journal articles: 'Intelligent Composite Structures'

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Kalamkarov, A. L., and A. D. Drozdov. "Optimal Design of Intelligent Composite Structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 8, no. 9 (September 1997): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9700800905.

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Drozdov, A. D., and A. L. Kalamkarov. "Intelligent composite structures: General theory and applications." International Journal of Solids and Structures 33, no. 29 (December 1996): 4411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(95)00230-8.

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Lin, Xueqi, Bing Wang, Shuncong Zhong, Hui Chen, and Dianzi Liu. "Smart driving of a bilayered composite tape-spring structure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2403, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2403/1/012042.

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Abstract Composite tape-springs (CTS) structure has been applied to spatial developable structures due to its bistability. There is growing interest in smart driving of the CTS-based structures because of the limitations on the working environment. Here, we propose a detailed analysis of the smart driving of the CTS structure. This is achieved by using smart materials to develop a bilayered CTS intelligent structure: the smart material forms the active layer to generate stress/strain to drive the structure; the CTS layer acts as a passive layer where its intrinsic bistability, designability further enriches the diversity of intelligent morphing structures. A theoretical analytical model is developed to anticipate the bistability; the stability criteria are then determined to guide the intelligent morphing design. These will facilitate the future smart driving design of aerospace deployable structures.

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Suzuki, Masakazu. "Optimal Handling of Flexible Structures Through Intelligent Composite Motion Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 24 (October 1995): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)46524-4.

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TSUJIKAMI, Tetsuya, Masaru ZAKO, and Manabu USHIRO. "Polymer Matrix Composites. Intelligent Finite Element Method Applied to Design of Actual Composite Structures." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 46, no. 4 (1997): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.46.343.

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ARES ELEJOSTE, PATRICIA, Rubén Seoane Rivero, SANTIAGO NEIRA HERNANDEZ, AITZIBER ITURMENDI AGUIRREBEITIA, and KOLDO GONDRA ZUBIETA. "ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE-INTELLIGENT STRUCTURES: A NEW CONCEPT OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL PRINTING." DYNA 98, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10715.

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The introduction of polymer matrix composites in large structural parts for aircraft, buses, trains, and wind turbine blades has significantly boosted their efficiency. This is mainly due to the significant reduction in weight, resulting in fuel savings and a reduction on environmental impact. The annual use of these products is around 110.000 tonnes of carbon fibre composite parts and 4.5 million tonnes of glass fibre, with an average lifetime of around 15 years. Nevertheless, it should be noted that these products have high recycling disadvantages. Therefore, due to current environmental legislation, it is necessary to look for more sustainable alternatives, solutions to the waste generated during production, and at the end of life cycle. Key Words: bio-based composites, sustainable, thermosetting, vitrimers, natural fibres.

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Marinova, Daniela. "Model Development and Control Design of Smart Functionally Graded Structures." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.188.

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The paper reviews the modelling of intelligent structures and the control of a low energy active system. The structure composite couples functionally graded material and longitudinally piezoelectric fibre reinforced composite for actuating. Active control based on feedback concept is considered for shape regulating. The problem for optimal selection of the actuators number and locations is considered. Numerical simulations are presented.

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Wang, Bing, Shuncong Zhong, Tung-Lik Lee, Kevin S. Fancey, and Jiawei Mi. "Non-destructive testing and evaluation of composite materials/structures: A state-of-the-art review." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 4 (April 2020): 168781402091376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020913761.

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Composite materials/structures are advancing in product efficiency, cost-effectiveness and the development of superior specific properties. There are increasing demands in their applications to load-carrying structures in aerospace, wind turbines, transportation, medical equipment and so on. Thus, robust and reliable non-destructive testing of composites is essential to reduce safety concerns and maintenance costs. There have been various non-destructive testing methods built upon different principles for quality assurance during the whole lifecycle of a composite product. This article reviews the most established non-destructive testing techniques for detection and evaluation of defects/damage evolution in composites. These include acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, infrared thermography, terahertz testing, shearography, digital image correlation, as well as X-ray and neutron imaging. For each non-destructive testing technique, we cover a brief historical background, principles, standard practices, equipment and facilities used for composite research. We also compare and discuss their benefits and limitations and further summarise their capabilities and applications to composite structures. Each non-destructive testing technique has its own potential and rarely achieves a full-scale diagnosis of structural integrity. Future development of non-destructive testing techniques for composites will be directed towards intelligent and automated inspection systems with high accuracy and efficient data processing capabilities.

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Ma, Kougen, and Mehrdad N. Ghasemi-Nejhad. "Adaptive Simultaneous Precision Positioning and Vibration Control of Intelligent Composite Structures." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 16, no. 2 (February 2005): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x05048848.

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Xu, Xiangyang, Hao Yang, Yi Zhang, and Ingo Neumann. "Intelligent 3D data extraction method for deformation analysis of composite structures." Composite Structures 203 (November 2018): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.07.003.

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Ponomarenko, Anatoliy T., Oleg Figovsky, and Vitaliy G. Shevchenko. "Multifunctional Polymer Composites for "Intellectual" Structures: Present State, Problems, Future." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.81.

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Strategy of the synthesis of multifunctional materials is developed on the basis of physical properties of composites, composition of fillers, the type of polymer matrix and distribution of ingredients in composite. Each of these factors is displayed in material in different extent depending on technological parameters of processing, and also properties and interaction of fillers in particular conditions. In homogeneous and, in particular in heterogeneous systems, such as metals and alloys, ferro - and ferrimagnetics, ferroelectrics, ferroelectromagnetics, polymer and ceramic matrix composites, high-temperature superconducting ceramics, etc. It is always possible to outline various types of hierarchy. Investigation of the effect of hierarchical structures on physical properties and the nature of interaction of various internal fields in inhomogeneous materials is inseparably linked with the development of methods of synthesis of new smart and intelligent structures.

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Beaumont, Peter W. R. "The Structural Integrity of Composite Materials and Long-Life Implementation of Composite Structures." Applied Composite Materials 27, no. 5 (July 8, 2020): 449–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-020-09822-6.

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Abstract Empirical or semi-empirical design methodologies at the macroscopic scale (structural level) can be supported and justified only by a fundamental understanding at the lower (microscopic) size scale through the physical model. Today structural integrity (SI) is thought as the optimisation of microstructure by controlling processing coupled with intelligent manufacturing of the material: to maximise mechanical performance and ensure reliability of the large scale structure; and to avoid calamity and misfortune. SI analysis provides quantitative input to the formulation of an appropriately balanced response to the problem. This article demonstrates that at the heart of the matter are those mechanisms of crack nucleation and growth that affect the structural integrity of the material: microscopic cracking events that are usually too small to observe and viewed only by microscopy.

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Yang, Hao, Xiangyang Xu, Boris Kargoll, and Ingo Neumann. "An automatic and intelligent optimal surface modeling method for composite tunnel structures." Composite Structures 208 (January 2019): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.09.082.

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Loutas, T. H., A. Panopoulou, D. Roulias, and V. Kostopoulos. "Intelligent health monitoring of aerospace composite structures based on dynamic strain measurements." Expert Systems with Applications 39, no. 9 (July 2012): 8412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.01.179.

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Liang, T. Y. "Intelligence strategy: The integrated 3C-OK framework of intelligent human organizations." Human Systems Management 23, no. 4 (December 19, 2004): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2004-23402.

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As humanity immerses deeper into the knowledge-intensive era, the mindset for leading, managing and structuring human organizations has to be transformed. Attention has been shifting from tangible to intangible assets. Human thinking systems, the sources where the world's most intense intrinsic intelligence originates become the key focal center. Intelligence and its dynamic are nonlinear. Arising from human consciousness are the two vital mental functions of awareness and mindfulness. These functions determine the quality of the mental state of the interacting agents. In addition, a high level of intelligence facilitates faster learning. All competitive human beings learn continuously to enhance the quality of their knowledge structures. Consequently, the bio-logic and human decision-making process improve. These activities constitute a critical component of the evolution dynamic. Similar to any intelligent biological organisms, all human organizations as composite complex adaptive systems must also nurture their own orgmind and collective intelligence to ensure their relevance and survival in the new context. Concurrently, activities such as continuous organizational learning, facilitating effective knowledge management processes, and building quality corporate knowledge structures must be cultivated. A mindful culture manifesting collaborative and sharing characteristic is crucial for sustaining the integrated dynamic. Recognizing the interdependency of the attributes involved is a key requirement. The 3C-OK framework to be conceptualized in this analysis is an attempt to enhance the new mindset.

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Rahai, Alireza, and Farzad Hatami. "Study of Tension Field Expansion on Composite Steel Plate Due to Fiber Reinforced Polymer Layer Action." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.685.

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Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening of structures has been gaining increasing interest, traditionally in application with concrete structures, and more recently in application with steel structures. Because of their unique blend of properties, composites reinforced with high performance fibers find use in many structural applications. This paper defines the effect of FRP layers on behaviour of steel plate. In this regard, some models are selected and tested by rigid frame and actuator. The experimental model is connected to a rigid frame. The FRP layer acts similar to a lateral support for the steel plate, and possesses the intelligent behavior (specified control for establishing of flexural line and further leaning towards post buckling condition), meaning that the FRP layer can lead the local flexural deflection towards the total flexure of the steel plate and effectively contributes more in resisting the shear stresses and extension of post flexure lines in steel plate and formation of composite plate. This is due to involvement of more area of steel plate to resisting of the imposed stresses. Result shows, the FRP layers would increase the stiffness, energy absorption, shear capacity and will be decreasing the ductility of steel plate as compared with composited steel plate with other materials as reinforcement concrete.

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Zhao, Zhi Min, L. Guo, W. Li, X. Hong, and C. Ma. "Load and Damage Monitoring of Intelligent Structures Based on Optical Fibers." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.473.

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In this paper we study on a novel method to distinguish the loading location on structures based on optical fiber network. The principle of detection and monitoring system is illustrated in the paper and the experiments of loading position judgment are conducted. The experimental data and curves meet preferably to the analysis of theory. The results obtained are encouraging offering the possibilities of employing this novel method of loading position judgment in intelligent composite structures. The system of monitoring and analysis is approved to be real-time, effective and reliable and the research in this paper offers a new way of application of the special optical intelligent structure.

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Choi, Seung-Bok, Yong-Kun Park, and Chae-Cheon Cheong. "Active Vibration Control of Intelligent Composite Laminate Structures Incorporating an Electro-Rheological Fluid." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 7, no. 4 (July 1996): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x9600700405.

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El-Sherif, M. A. "Smart Structures and Intelligent Systems for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2, no. 3-4 (2005): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/303095.

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“Smart and intelligent” structures are defined as structures capable of monitoring their own “health” condition and structural behavior, such structures are capable of sensing external environmental conditions, making decisions, and sending the information to other locations. Available conventional devices and systems are not technologically mature for such applications. New classes of miniature devices and networking systems are urgently needed for such applications. In this paper, two examples of the successful work achieved so far, in biomedical application of smart structures, are presented. The first one is based on the development of a smart bone fixation device for rehabilitation and treatment. This device includes a smart composite bar that can sense physical stress applied to the fractured bones, and send the information to the patient's physician remotely. The second is on the development of smart fabrics for many applications including health monitoring and diagnostics. Successful development of such smart fabrics with embedded fiber optic sensors and networks is mainly dependent on the development of the proper miniature sensor technology, and on the integration of these sensors into textile structures. The developed smart structures will be discussed and samples of the results will be presented.

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Goswami, Sanjib, and Tarun Kant. "Shape Control of Intelligent Composite Stiffened Structures Using Piezoelectric Materials-A Finite Element Approach." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 17, no. 5 (March 1998): 446–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449801700504.

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Takeda, Nobuo. "Intelligent Manufacturing Science of Innovative Composite Structures Based on Optical-Fiber Life Cycle Monitoring." Impact 2017, no. 5 (June 14, 2017): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2017.5.49.

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Zhou, Lu, Hongwei Yang, Zhen Zhang, Yue Liu, Jayantha Epaarachchi, Zhenggang Fang, Liang Fang, Chunhua Lu, and Zhongzi Xu. "Effects of Ligands in Rare Earth Complex on Properties, Functions, and Intelligent Behaviors of Polyurea–Urethane Composites." Polymers 14, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 2098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102098.

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There is a need to create next-generation polymer composites having high property, unique function, and intelligent behaviors, such as shape memory effect (SME) and self-healing (SH) capability. Rare earth complexes can provide luminescence for polymers, and their dispersion is highly affected by ligand structures. Here, we created three different REOCs with different ligands before studying the effects of ligands on REOC dispersion in polyurea–urethane (PUU) with disulfide bonds in main chains. In addition, the effects of different REOCs on mechanical properties, luminescent functions, and intelligent behaviors of PUU composites were studied. The results showed that REOC I (Sm(TTA)3phen: TTA, thenoyltrifluoroacetone; phen, 1,10-phenanthroline) has incompatible ligands with the PUU matrix. REOC I and REOC III (Sm(BUBA)3phen: BUBA, 4-benzylurea-benzoic acid) with amine and urea groups facilitate their dispersion. It was REOC III that helped the maintenance of mechanical properties of PUU composites due to the good dispersion and the needle-like morphologies. Due to more organic ligands of REOC III, the fluorescence intensity of composite materials is reduced. The shape recovery ratio of the composite was not as good as that of pure PUU when a large amount of fillers was added. Besides, REOC I reduced the self-healing efficiency of PUU composites due to poor dispersion, and the other two REOCs increased the self-healing efficiency. The results showed that ligands in REOCs are important for their dispersion in the PUU matrix. The poor dispersion of REOC I is unbeneficial for mechanical properties and intelligent behavior. The high miscibility of REOC II (Sm(PABA)3phen: PABA, 4-aminobenzoic acid) decreases mechanical properties as well but ensures the good shape recovery ratio and self-healing efficiency. The mediate miscibility and needle-like morphology of REOC III are good for mechanical properties. The shape recovery ratio, however, was decreased.

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Arena, Maurizio, Massimo Viscardi, Liberata Guadagno, Luigi Vertuccio, and Giuseppina Barra. "Multidisciplinary challenge in the design of a MWCNTs-based polymer smart structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 233 (2018): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823300024.

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Smart structures represent of course a current challenge for the application on the aircrafts. Dealing for example with morphing and variable-shape structures, the skin needs to face extremely high strains, while withstanding the operational loads in order to ensure a smooth profile to the complete system. In this context, the authors led the design and manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced composite panels, including different filler infusions based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) technology. The vibro-acoustic tests have been carried out on an innovative formulation for the characterization of the damping properties related to such micro-handling treatments. The percentage of nano-filler has been chosen so as to be close to the percolation threshold of the material (about 5wt%). As a result of synergic collaboration between Smart Structures Lab of University of Naples “Federico II” and University of Salerno within H2020-MASTRO (Intelligent bulk MAterials for Smart TRanspOrt industries) research project, a multi-functional composite concept has been idealized and developed. The main purpose is to develop intelligent bulk materials for the transport field based on the novel concepts like self-sensing, self-deicing, self-curing, self-healing and selfprotection methodologies to enhance consumer safety, component life-span and performance while reducing maintenance and manufacturing costs. The functionality of the developed components will be demonstrated under relevant conditions at prototype level with special attention to the aerospace structures.

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Tani, Junji, Toshiyuki Takagi, and Jinhao Qiu. "Intelligent Material Systems: Application of Functional Materials." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3099019.

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This article presents a review of recent important developments in the field of intelligent material systems. Intelligent material systems, sometimes referred to as smart materials, can adjust their behavior to changes of external or internal parameters analogously to biological systems. In these systems, sensors, actuators and controllers are seamlessly integrated with structural materials at the macroscopic or mesoscopic level. In general, sensors and actuators are made of functional materials and fluids such as piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, polymer hydrogels, electro- and magneto-rheological fluids and so on. This article is specifically focused on the application of piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials and shape memory alloys to intelligent material systems used to control the deformation, vibration and fracture of composite materials and structures. This review article contains 188 references.

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Meng, Yahui, Yunfeng Cao, Kaifeng Xiong, Li Ma, Wenyuan Zhu, Zhu Long, and Cuihua Dong. "Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal Addition on the Physicochemical Properties of Hydroxypropyl Guar-Based Intelligent Films." Membranes 11, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040242.

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As an important functional material in food industry, intelligent packaging films can bring great convenience for consumers in the field of food preservation and freshness detection. Herein, we fabricated pH-sensing films employing hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl), and anthocyanin (Anth). Besides, the effects of adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) into the composite films upon the films’ structures and physicochemical properties are elucidated. The addition of CNC promoted more compact film structures. Moreover, CNC dramatically improved several properties of the pH-sensing films, including the distinguishability of their color changes, sensitivity to pH, permeability to oxygen and water vapor, solvent resistance, durability, and low-temperature resistance. These results expand the application range of pH-sensing films containing CNC in the fields of food freshness detection and intelligent packaging.

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Yang, Yang, Yongquan Wang, Tao Yao, and Xiaojuan Feng. "A flexible carbon fibre-based electrothermal film for fast actuation of shape memory alloy sheets." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 4 (March 10, 2022): 045019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac5808.

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Abstract Two-dimensional shape memory alloy (SMA) structures have great potential in intelligent and highly flexible robots. However, they have challenges in direct electric heating. This paper proposes a solution to heat SMA sheets using carbon fibres as surface heat sources and indirectly transmits Joule heat generated by the carbon fibres to the SMA sheets. The preparation process of the carbon fibre-based thermoelectric composite film is illustrated in this study. The effect of heat source (carbon fibre) distribution on heat transfer characteristics and the temperature field of the SMA surface is simulated. Then, a functional prototype integrated thermoelectric film and flexible SMA is fabricated, and its effectiveness is verified by local and global activation, respectively. The results show that the composite structure can recover deformation rapidly in 2 s with only 0.7 A running current (applied to each carbon fibre). In addition, the local temperature control method can also realize distributed (spatial dimension) and sequential (temporal dimension) control of the structure. The proposed solution is expected to expand further the design and control of complex, intelligent structures with the development of 4D printing technology.

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Lesovik, V. S., A. А. Sheremet, I. L. Chulkova, and A. E. Zhuravleva. "Geonics (geomimetics) and search for optimal solutions in building materials science." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-1-120-134.

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Introduction. Methodological approaches and validation of the emergence of a new transdisciplinary area -geonics, which is considered as the art of applying knowledge of the inorganic world, are presented.Materials and methods. The concept of technogenic metasomatism as a stage in the evolution of building materials, characterized by the adaptation of the composite to changing conditions is formulated. The Law of affinity of structures, which consists in the selection of raw materials for a composite with similar physical and mechanical characteristics, is described.Results. The examples of non-traditional raw materials use in the areas of construction materials science (intelligent composites, restoration mixtures) and architecture (the building of the Belarusian Potash Company in Belarus, the 'Reflection of the mineral’ building in Japan, the design concept of the monument to the Kursk magnetic anomaly) are presented.Discussion and conclusions. It is proved that the development of a transdisciplinary approach to geonics will improve the comfort of human stay in the environment.

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Kamble, Vikram G., Johannes Mersch, Muhammad Tahir, Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber, Amit Das, and Sven Wießner. "Development of Liquid Diene Rubber Based Highly Deformable Interactive Fiber-Elastomer Composites." Materials 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010390.

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The preparation of intelligent structures for multiple smart applications such as soft-robotics, artificial limbs, etc., is a rapidly evolving research topic. In the present work, the preparation of a functional fabric, and its integration into a soft elastomeric matrix to develop an adaptive fiber-elastomer composite structure, is presented. Functional fabric, with the implementation of the shape memory effect, was combined with liquid polybutadiene rubber by means of a low-temperature vulcanization process. A detailed investigation on the crosslinking behavior of liquid polybutadiene rubber was performed to develop a rubber formulation that is capable of crosslinking liquid rubber at 75 °C, a temperature that is much lower than the phase transformation temperature of SMA wires (90–110 °C). By utilizing the unique low-temperature crosslinking protocol for liquid polybutadiene rubber, soft intelligent structures containing functional fabric were developed. The adaptive structures were successfully activated by Joule heating. The deformation behavior of the smart structures was experimentally demonstrated by reaching a 120 mm bending distance at an activation voltage of 8 V without an additional load, whereas 90 mm, 70 mm, 65 mm, 57 mm bending distances were achieved with attached weights of 5 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, respectively.

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Tairidis, Georgios K. "Vibration control of smart composite structures using shunted piezoelectric systems and neuro-fuzzy techniques." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 18 (June 9, 2019): 2397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546319854588.

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Shunt piezoelectric circuits can be used in several combinations for passive control of smart structures. Resonant shunt circuits with resistors and inductors can control resonant frequencies, by consuming the energy produced from vibrations by passing it to electric components. Such systems are very efficient for single-mode problems; however, when it comes to multi-mode control, their performance drastically deteriorates. The purpose of the present study is the development of optimized resonant shunt piezoelectric circuits, along with an intelligent control system based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy techniques, for vibration suppression of smart composite structures. Shunt circuits are pre-tuned to the first four eigenfrequencies and a neuro-fuzzy control system is developed and used for the activation of the suitable shunt circuit, each time, providing the necessary adaptivity to the whole system.

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Fanxiao, Kong, Yao Huazhong, and Xie Weidong. "Study on Structural Characteristics of Composite Smart Grille Based on Principal Component Analysis." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (January 5, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4712041.

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In recent years, many scholars have conducted in-depth and extensive research on the mechanical properties, preparation methods, and structural optimization of grid structural materials. In this paper, the structural characteristics of composite intelligent grid are studied by combining theoretical analysis with experiments. According to the existing conditions in the laboratory, the equilateral triangular grid structure experimental pieces were prepared. In this paper, principal component analysis combined with nearest neighbor method was used to detect the damage of composite plates. On this basis, the multiobjective robustness optimization of the structure is carried out based on artificial intelligence algorithm, which makes the structure quality and its sensitivity to uncertain parameters lower. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used in neural network training. The damage characteristics of different grid structures, different impact positions, and different impact energies were studied. The results show that the structural damage types, areas, and propagation characteristics are very different when the structure is impacted at different positions, which verifies that the grid structure has a good ability to limit the damage diffusion and shows that the grid structure has a good ability to resist damage.

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Shen, Lingbin, Zhimin Zhao, Menglan Chen, Xingyue Zhu, and Yinshan Yu. "A novel method of damage model recognition for intelligent composite structures based on double-fiber sensors network." Optik 126, no. 21 (November 2015): 3295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.08.004.

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Tian, Changjin, Youzhi Wang, Qilin Yang, Zhi Ge, and Yefeng Du. "Smart properties of carbon nanotube-epoxy composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 11 (July 23, 2020): 1409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720942934.

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Intelligent smart materials can not only monitor the damage and degradation of architectural structures in real time but also the health structure. In recent years, carbon nanotubes materials have emerged to possess both excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Moreover, when carbon nanotubes are added to epoxy resin, intelligent composite materials with significant sensitivity are created. In this study, the stress–strain curves and anelasticity of carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites with different carbon nanotube concentrations is analyzed. Through changing the level of carbon nanotubes using the two-pole method, the percolation threshold of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites was determined. Thereafter, the effect of temperature on the composites’ conductive properties was investigated. Moreover, using the stepwise cyclic loading method, the piezoresistivity of the carbon nanotube/epoxy composites was investigated. The test results show that the elastic limit, the yield point, and the elastic modulus range of the carbon nanotube/epoxy composites is approximately 45 MPa, 50 MPa, and 1–2 GPa, respectively. The anelasticity of the carbon nanotube/epoxy composites increases with the gradual increase of the stress level. The percolation threshold interval of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%. The rate of change of resistance for the different concentrations on carbon nanotube/epoxy specimens corresponds to the temperature. Notably, the carbon nanotube/epoxy composites have better discrimination and pressure sensitivity for different grades of load. When the carbon nanotube content is 0.5 wt%, the sensitivity of the carbon nanotube/epoxy composites pressure-sensitive property is the largest, which is in agreement with the threshold curve. The results of this investigation have implications for the application of carbon nanotube/epoxy composites in structural health monitoring.

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ZAKO, Masaru, and Tetsuya TSUJIKAMI. "Three-Dimensional Intelligent Finite Element Method for Design of Composite Structures-Design of Symmetric Laminates by Shell Element." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 44, no. 502 (1995): 916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.44.916.

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BEAUMONT, PETER W. R., and HIDEKI SEKINE. "SOLVING PROBLEMS OF COMPOSITE FRACTURE BY MULTISCALE MODELING." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 01, no. 01 (January 2009): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973709000062.

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In critical conditions of variable stress-state, fluctuating temperature and hostile environment, where the objective is to design components and structures for longevity, durability, and reliability — structural integrity — then the balance between empirical engineering design based on continuum and mathematical modeling (sometimes called "distilled empiricism"), and physical modeling (sometimes called "mechanism modeling" or simply "micromechanics"), is shifted in favor of physical modeling. When combined with experimental evidence, physical modeling has the economic advantage of reducing the high cost of vast experimental programs of duration of many thousands of hours. Furthermore, existing empirical design methodologies at the higher (macroscopic) structural size scales can be supported and justified by fundamental understanding at lower (microscopic) size scales through the physical model. Armed with this information, together with knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the material over time, we follow the path of "physical model-informed empiricism", sometimes called "intelligent-informed design". Proof of identity of individual cracking processes based on their direct observation and an understanding of coupling between them is the first step in formulating a complete physical model of fracture.

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Koštial, Pavel, Zora Koštialová Jančíková, and Robert Frischer. "Case Study on Fire Resistance of Sandwiches for Means of Transport." Coatings 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020207.

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These days there are undeniably unique materials that, however, must also meet demanding safety requirements. In the case of vehicles, these are undoubtedly excellent fire protection characteristics. The aim of the work is to experimentally verify the proposed material compositions for long-term heat loads and the effect of thickness, the number of laminating layers (prepregs) as well as structures with different types of cores (primarily honeycomb made of Nomex paper type T722 of different densities, aluminum honeycomb and PET foam) and composite coating based on a glass-reinforced phenolic matrix. The selected materials are suitable candidates for intelligent sandwich structures, usable especially for interior cladding applications in the industry for the production of means of public transport (e.g., train units, trams, buses, hybrid vehicles).

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Raju, D. Dhanunjaya, and Venkata V. Subba Rao. "Deformation of Carbon Nano Tubes Reinforced Hybrid Laminated Composite Plates induced by Piezoelectric Actuators." Nano Hybrids and Composites 36 (June 20, 2022): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-6k4vr0.

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Piezoelectric materials, typically used as intelligent materials, can respond according to the design demands of the composite structures autonomously. The excitation of piezoelectric actuators generates the bending effect on the hybrid composite plates. An analytical methodology is developed to calculate the displacements of simply supported laminated composite plates induced by piezoelectric actuators and validate the results by generating MATLAB code. Further, the laminated hybrid composite plates reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNT) are excited by piezoelectric actuators bonded to the surface on both sides with a variable electrical voltage across the thickness. The effects of location, size and thickness ratio of piezoelectric actuators on the deflection of hybrid composite plates are carried out by extending the code. The transverse displacements vary linearly with the applied voltage and size of the piezoelectric actuators. The effect of CNT volume fraction and the position of CNT lamina plays a vital role in deflections, and also it is observed that maximum displacements decrease rapidly as thickness ratio increases from 0.5 to 5 and from 10 to 50, the maximum displacements gradually decrease. Hence, it illustrated that the present technique provides a simple solution for predicting and controlling the deformed shape of reinforced hybrid composite plates induced by distributed piezoelectric actuators.

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Weder, Andreas, Sirko Geller, Andreas Heinig, Thomas Tyczynski, Werner Hufenbach, and Wolf-Joachim Fischer. "A novel technology for the high-volume production of intelligent composite structures with integrated piezoceramic sensors and electronic components." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 202 (November 2013): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2013.01.050.

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Moradi, Morteza, Agnes Broer, Juan Chiachío, Rinze Benedictus, Theodoros H. Loutas, and Dimitrios Zarouchas. "Intelligent health indicator construction for prognostics of composite structures utilizing a semi-supervised deep neural network and SHM data." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 117 (January 2023): 105502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105502.

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Gao, Ke, Zhiyue Zhang, Shun Weng, Hongping Zhu, Hong Yu, and Tingjun Peng. "Review of Flexible Piezoresistive Strain Sensors in Civil Structural Health Monitoring." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 9750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199750.

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Owing to the outstanding sensing properties, especially high sensitivity and large stretchability, flexible piezoresistive strain sensors are advantageous for achieving intelligent sensing and have become a popular topic in the field of civil structural health monitoring (SHM). To explore advanced flexible strain sensors for civil SHM, this paper summarizes the recent research progress, achievements and challenges in flexible piezoresistive strain sensors. First, four common piezoresistive mechanisms are introduced theoretically. Sensor materials, including conductive materials, flexible substrates and electrodes, are explained in detail. Second, essential sensing parameters are interpreted and then followed by specific explanations of improvement strategies for the sensor performance in terms of each parameter. Third, applications of flexible piezoresistive strain sensors in the deformation measurement and damage detection of steel structures, concrete structures and fiber-reinforced composite structures are presented. Existing challenges and prospects in the practical application and large-scale production of flexible strain sensors are also reported. Last but not least, strategies for the selection of piezoresistive sensors for civil SHM are explained.

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Moslemi Petrudi, Amin, Masoud Rahmani, and Ionut Cristian Scurtu. "Analytical Study of Dynamic and Vibrational of Composite Shell with Piezoelectric Layer using GDQM Method." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 7 (August 7, 2022): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v4i7.7160.

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Piezoelectric materials, due to their electromechanical coupling properties, are widely used as actuators and sensors in intelligent structures to control vibrations and bends of multilayer sheets with piezoelectric layers. In this paper, the response of free vibrations of a multilayer composite shell with the new Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) for different boundary conditions is investigated. The governing equations are obtained by assuming first-order shear theory and using Hamilton's principle. The generalized quadrature differential method is used to solve the obtained equations. To use this method, coding has been done in MATLAB software. Due to the same thickness of the layers, as the number of composite layers increases and the total thickness is constant, the thickness of each layer decreases, and consequently the thickness of the piezoelectric layer decreases. Comparing the results of this method with the work of other researchers shows that this method has good accuracy.

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Moslemi Petrudi, Amin, Masoud Rahmani, and Ionut Cristian Scurtu. "Analytical Study of Dynamic and Vibrational of Composite Shell with Piezoelectric Layer using GDQM Method." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 4, no. 7 (August 7, 2022): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v4i7.7160.

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Piezoelectric materials, due to their electromechanical coupling properties, are widely used as actuators and sensors in intelligent structures to control vibrations and bends of multilayer sheets with piezoelectric layers. In this paper, the response of free vibrations of a multilayer composite shell with the new Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) for different boundary conditions is investigated. The governing equations are obtained by assuming first-order shear theory and using Hamilton's principle. The generalized quadrature differential method is used to solve the obtained equations. To use this method, coding has been done in MATLAB software. Due to the same thickness of the layers, as the number of composite layers increases and the total thickness is constant, the thickness of each layer decreases, and consequently the thickness of the piezoelectric layer decreases. Comparing the results of this method with the work of other researchers shows that this method has good accuracy.

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Zhou, Bo, Xiao Ma, Shuai Wang, and Shifeng Xue. "Least-squares method for laminated beams with distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 18 (July 25, 2020): 2165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20943962.

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Piezoelectric ceramics are a very popular material in the field of actuator technology due to their unique piezoelectric properties. However, the brittle behavior of ceramics endangers the reliability of piezoelectric actuators. In this article, the three-dimensional braided piezoelectric composite is utilized to ameliorate the reliability and driving capability of piezoelectric actuators. The static analysis of laminated beam with the distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuator is presented to study its driving capability. Based on the piezoelectric constitutive equations and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the governing equation of the piezoelectric laminated beam is derived. The least-squares method for the piezoelectric laminated beam is established to solve the derived governing equation. The current approach is validated by comparison with published results and finite element results. In the numerical examples, the effects of the number and spacing of the three-dimensional braided piezoelectric composite patches, actuator central location, actuator length, actuator thickness ratio, cantilever beam thickness, applied voltage and fiber volume fraction on the driving capability of the distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuator are investigated. This study suggests the potential use of the distributed braided piezoelectric composite actuator in intelligent structures and provides useful guidance for the design and optimization of piezoelectric actuators.

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Xie, Jinhua, Rui Huo, Yanfeng Guan, and Zhen Zhou. "Application of Energy Finite Element Method in Active Vibration Control of Piezoelectric Intelligent Beam." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2012 (December 20, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/819725.

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Based on the transmission and equilibrium relationship of vibration energy in beam-like structures, the Galerkin weighted residual method was applied to equation discretization. An equivalent transformation of feedback element was suggested to develop the Energy Finite Element model of a composite piezoelectric cantilever beam driven by harmonic excitation on lateral direction, with both systems with and without time delay being studied and the power input estimation of harmonic excitation was discussed for the resolution of Energy Finite Element function. Then the energy density solutions of the piezoelectric coupling beam through Energy Finite Element Method (EFEM) and classical wave theory were compared to verify the EFEM model, which presented a good accordance. Further investigation was undertaken about the influence of control parameters including the feedback gain and arrangement of piezoelectric patches on characteristics of system energy density distribution.

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Banthia, N., and A. J. Boyd. "Sprayed fibre-reinforced polymers for repairs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-027.

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The use of fibre-reinforced polymers for repair and retrofit is growing at an unprecedented rate. This technique has been used for strengthening and rehabilitation of columns, beams, masonry, joints, etc. and has also found significant suitability for seismic applications. All research to date has focused, however, on wraps and jackets with continuous, unidirectional fibres. Within the auspices of Network of Centers of Excellence on Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures (ISIS) program, an entirely new method of fibre reinforced polymer coating is being developed. In this method, the composite with short, randomly distributed fibres is sprayed on the surface of concrete to be repaired. Composite gets pneumatically compacted on the application surface and develops a strong bond with concrete during the hardening process. In this paper, the effectiveness of the spray technique is compared with wraps carrying continuous fibres when applied to concrete cylinders under compression. To assess size effects, a companion test series involving larger cylinders was carried out. It was found that sprayed composites with randomly distributed short fibres performed equally well as or even better than wraps with continuous fibres. Within the continuous fibre wraps, those with a 0-90° fibre orientation are far more effective than those with a ±45° orientation.Key words: concrete, repair, glass fibre, polymer matrix, spray, wraps, deformability, size effects.

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Li, Dawei, Chao Li, Xing Wang, Chunlin Li, Tunan Sun, Jin Zhou, and Gang Li. "Facile Fabrication of Composite Scaffolds for Long-Term Controlled Dual Drug Release." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (January 5, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3927860.

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Bone tuberculosis (TB) caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to present a formidable challenge to humans. To effectively cure serious bone TB, a novel kind of composite scaffolds with long-term dual drug release behaviours were prepared to satisfy the needs of both bone regeneration and antituberculosis drug therapy. In virtue of an improved O/W emulsion technique, water-soluble isoniazid (INH)-loaded gelatin microparticles were obtained by tailoring the content of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), which played significant roles in INH entrapment efficiency and drug release behaviours. By mixing with the poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (b-PLGC) solution containing oil-soluble rifampicin (RFP) via the particle leaching combined with phase separation technique, the dual drugs-loaded composite scaffolds were fabricated, which possessed interconnected porous structures and achieved the steady release of INH and RFP drugs for three months. Moreover, this dual drugs-loaded system could basically achieve their expectant roles of respective drugs without obvious influences with each other. This strategy on preparation of intelligent composite scaffolds with the multi-drugs loading capacity and controlled long-term release behaviour will be potential and promising substrates in clinical treatment of bone tuberculosis.

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Mironov, Aleksey, Aleksejs Safonovs, Deniss Mironovs, Pavel Doronkin, and Vitalijs Kuzmickis. "Health Monitoring of Serial Structures Applying Piezoelectric Film Sensors and Modal Passport." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031114.

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Health monitoring of critical structures, that form parts of serial operating objects, is a pressing task. The Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) techniques could be the optimal solution. An inexpensive measurement system, such as the OMA, uses a lot of sensors for structural response assessment. The health monitoring of serial structures has to also consider possible deviations between samples. A solution providing the OMA application includes the compact measurement system based on piezoelectric film sensors and modal passport (MP) techniques. For validation of the proposed approach, a series of five similar composite cylinders, with a network of piezoelectric film sensors, was used. Applying modal tests on the specimens, and using OMA with MP methods, the set of typical modal parameters was determined and analyzed. The results of the study confirmed the feasibility of the sensor network and its applicability for structural health monitoring of serial samples using OMA methods. The proven effectiveness of OMA/MP techniques, combined with a sensor network, provides a prototype of intelligent sensor technology, which can be used for health monitoring of structures, including those that are part of an operating facility.

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Li, Zhao, Mingyao Liu, Jintao Wang, and Wei Ke. "Residual Strain Monitoring and Dynamic Characteristics of Hybrid Hollow Square Tube with Metal–FRP–Metal Sandwich Walls." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (October 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9254833.

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In order to design and fabricate a novel hollow square tube (HST) for ram structure in machine tools, the hybrid HST with sandwich walls based on steel skins and unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite core is proposed. A detailed co-cured fabrication method with embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for residual strains/stresses determination in a hybrid metal–composite structure is presented. Results reveal that the hybrid HST has undergone complex residual strain history, and the strain rate is about 10 times the cooling rate. The tensile strains in the dwell stage transform into compressive strains in the cooling stage due to the mismatch of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the steel plates and the CFRP composite. A comparison of the residual strains in the cooling phase obtained by FBG sensors with those obtained by theoretical calculation is carried out. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the hybrid HST and the steel HST are tested. The results showed that the damping of the hybrid HST is 586% higher than that of the steel HST, while the hybrid HST has a lower first natural frequency (4.6% reduction) and mass (15.9% weight reduction). The influence of co-cure temperature and cooling rate on the size and state of the residual strains is analyzed, which might be helpful to guide the manufacturing of sandwich structures in machine tools. This novel hybrid HST may be used for online health monitoring and safety evaluation to build intelligent machine tools structures.

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Wang, Menghan, Jianzhong Bai, Kan Shao, Wenwei Tang, Xueling Zhao, Donghai Lin, Shan Huang, Cheng Chen, Zheng Ding, and Jiayi Ye. "Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels: The Old and New Functional Materials." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2225426.

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Hydrogels have three-dimensional network structures, high water content, good flexibility, biocompatibility, and stimulation response, which have provided a unique role in many fields such as industry, agriculture, and medical treatment. Poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA hydrogel is one of the oldest composite hydrogels. It has been extensively explored due to its chemical stability, nontoxic, good biocompatibility, biological aging resistance, high water-absorbing capacity, and easy processing. PVA-based hydrogels have been widely investigated in drug carriers, articular cartilage, wound dressings, tissue engineering, and other intelligent materials, such as self-healing and shape-memory materials, supercapacitors, sensors, and other fields. In this paper, the discovery, development, preparation, modification methods, and applications of PVA functionalized hydrogels are reviewed, and their potential applications and future research trends are also prospected.

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Knittel, Dominique, Hamid Makich, and Mohammed Nouari. "Milling diagnosis using artificial intelligence approaches." Mechanics & Industry 20, no. 8 (2019): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020053.

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The Industry 4.0 framework needs new intelligent approaches. Thus, the manufacturing industries more and more pay close attention to artificial intelligence (AI). For example, smart monitoring and diagnosis, real time evaluation and optimization of the whole production and raw materials management can be improved by using machine learning and big data tools. An accurate milling process implies a high quality of the obtained material surface (roughness, flatness). With the involvement of AI-based algorithms, milling process is expected to be more accurate during complex operations. In this work, a milling diagnosis using AI approaches has been developed for composite sandwich structures based on honeycomb core. The use of such material has grown considerably in recent years, especially in the aeronautic, aerospace, sporting and automotive industries. But the precise milling of such material presents many difficulties. The objective of this work is to develop a data-driven industrial surface quality diagnosis for the milling of honeycomb material, by using supervised machine learning methods. In this approach cutting forces are online measured in order to predict the resulting surface flatness. The developed diagnosis tool can also be applied to the milling of other materials (metal, polymer, etc.).

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POPA, Cezar. "MODULAR COMMAND AND CONTROL STRUCTURES AND FORCE ORGANIZATION USABLE IN OPERATIONS AT HIGH ALTITUDES." BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 10, no. 4 (January 10, 2022): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-49.

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Mountainous areas located at high altitudes, hardly accessible, are used as safe heavens and staging areas by various asymmetrical groups. Addressing these challenges in areas of operations located at high altitudes requires the existence of specific capabilities for command and control. C2 based on mission command must be adapted to the current requirements generated by conflicts with variable geometry, mosaic type conflicts, composite, multifaceted, multi-layered, multi-domain conflicts. Command and control systems should have architectural flexibility, intelligent digitised platforms and its modules should be perfectly functionall and interoperable (based on self-sufficiency ‒ extended capability to operate over time). We believe that, at high altitudes, the architecture of a complex command and control system must be modular and designed as a coherent integrator of sensors, decision-makers, performers and support capabilities, interconnected in subsystems that ensure the planning, preparation, execution and effective evaluation of military actions. In the conditions of diversification of risks and threats in the multidimensional operational environment, the architecture of the command and control systems must be permanently adapted in order to ensure real-time, horizontal and vertical communication between forces, support structures and command-control structures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Intelligent Composite Structures'

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