Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intelligence relationnelle'
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Perrin, Guillaume. "Coexistence des territoires : l'espace physique à l'épreuve du virtuel : Une approche relationnelle cybermétrique issue d'une démarche d'intelligence territoriale." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522519.
Full textZinsou, Omer. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un modeleur surfacique d'objets tridimensionnels : intégration dans une base de données relationnelle." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD135.
Full textCombes, Victor. "Management mutualiste : la fin d'un oxymore ?" Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESAC005.
Full textMutualist organizations are part of the Social and Solidarity Economy, which carries the ambition of an alternative to the dominant capitalist model, despite heterogeneous practices and galloping trivialization. Mutualist management, still little conceptualized, is the subject of a CIFRE thesis within a French mutualist group. Within the framework of an interpretative epistemological position, our empirical work, underpinned by three data collection methods, focused on the monitoring and analysis of the effects of a system based on co-development and proposed to managers from this mutualist group. It reveals a managerial isomorphism that is out of step with the dynamics of the alter desired and advocated by mutual organizations. This work brings out: a conceptual contribution around relational intelligence, recommendations around a mutualist management, and the proposal of a new device for a redesigned mutualist culture
Curé, Olivier. "Siam : système intéractif d'automédication multimédia." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05S019.
Full textMouaddib, Noureddine. "Gestion des informations nuancées : une proposition de modèle et de méthode pour l'identification nuancée d'un phénomène." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10475.
Full textRodrigues, Christophe. "Apprentissage incrémental des modèles d'action relationnels." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_rodrigues.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we study machine learning for action. Our work both covers reinforcement learning (RL) and inductive logic programming (ILP). We focus on learning action models. An action model describes the preconditions and effects of possible actions in an environment. It enables anticipating the consequences of the agent’s actions and may also be used by a planner. We specifically work on a relational representation of environments. They allow to describe states and actions by the means of objects and relations between the various objects that compose them. We present the IRALe method, which learns incrementally relational action models. First, we presume that states are fully observable and the consequences of actions are deterministic. We provide a proof of convergence for this method. Then, we develop an active exploration approach which allows focusing the agent’s experience on actions that are supposedly non-covered by the model. Finally, we generalize the approach by introducing a noisy perception of the environment in order to make our learning framework more realistic. We empirically illustrate each approach’s importance on various planification problems. The results obtained show that the number of interactions necessary with the environments is very weak compared to the size of the considered states spaces. Moreover, active learning allows to improve significantly these results
Loubier, Eloïse. "Analyse et visualisation de données relationnelles par morphing de graphe prenant en compte la dimension temporelle." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00423655.
Full textNos travaux conduisent à l'élaboration des techniques graphiques permettant la compréhension des activités humaines, de leurs interactions mais aussi de leur évolution, dans une perspective décisionnelle. Nous concevons un outil alliant simplicité d'utilisation et précision d'analyse se basant sur deux types de visualisations complémentaires : statique et dynamique.
L'aspect statique de notre modèle de visualisation repose sur un espace de représentation, dans lequel les préceptes de la théorie des graphes sont appliqués. Le recours à des sémiologies spécifiques telles que le choix de formes de représentation, de granularité, de couleurs significatives permet une visualisation plus juste et plus précise de l'ensemble des données. L'utilisateur étant au cœur de nos préoccupations, notre contribution repose sur l'apport de fonctionnalités spécifiques, qui favorisent l'identification et l'analyse détaillée de structures de graphes. Nous proposons des algorithmes qui permettent de cibler le rôle des données au sein de la structure, d'analyser leur voisinage, tels que le filtrage, le k-core, la transitivité, de retourner aux documents sources, de partitionner le graphe ou de se focaliser sur ses spécificités structurelles.
Une caractéristique majeure des données stratégiques est leur forte évolutivité. Or l'analyse statistique ne permet pas toujours d'étudier cette composante, d'anticiper les risques encourus, d'identifier l'origine d'une tendance, d'observer les acteurs ou termes ayant un rôle décisif au cœur de structures évolutives.
Le point majeur de notre contribution pour les graphes dynamiques représentant des données à la fois relationnelles et temporelles, est le morphing de graphe. L'objectif est de faire ressortir les tendances significatives en se basant sur la représentation, dans un premier temps, d'un graphe global toutes périodes confondues puis en réalisant une animation entre les visualisations successives des graphes attachés à chaque période. Ce procédé permet d'identifier des structures ou des événements, de les situer temporellement et d'en faire une lecture prédictive.
Ainsi notre contribution permet la représentation des informations, et plus particulièrement l'identification, l'analyse et la restitution des structures stratégiques sous jacentes qui relient entre eux et à des moments donnés les acteurs d'un domaine, les mots-clés et concepts qu'ils utilisent.
Saleh, Imad. "Rapport entre les bases de données relationnelles et l'intelligence artificielle : étude et conception du modèle H-Relation." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0057.
Full textLoubier, Éloïse. "Analyse et visualisation de données relationnelles par morphing de graphe prenant en compte la dimension temporelle." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2264/.
Full textWith word wide exchanges, companies must face increasingly strong competition and masses of information flows. They have to remain continuously informed about innovations, competition strategies and markets and at the same time they have to keep the control of their environment. The Internet development and globalization reinforced this requirement and on the other hand provided means to collect information. Once summarized and synthesized, information generally is under a relational form. To analyze such a data, graph visualization brings a relevant mean to users to interpret a form of knowledge which would have been difficult to understand otherwise. The research we have carried out results in designing graphical techniques that allow understanding human activities, their interactions but also their evolution, from the decisional point of view. We also designed a tool that combines ease of use and analysis precision. It is based on two types of complementary visualizations: statics and dynamics. The static aspect of our visualization model rests on a representation space in which the precepts of the graph theory are applied. Specific semiologies such as the choice of representation forms, granularity, and significant colors allow better and precise visualizations of the data set. The user being a core component of our model, our work rests on the specification of new types of functionalities, which support the detection and the analysis of graph structures. We propose algorithms which make it possible to target the role of the data within the structure, to analyze their environment, such as the filtering tool, the k-core, and the transitivity, to go back to the documents, and to give focus on the structural specificities. One of the main characteristics of strategic data is their strong evolution. However the statistical analysis does not make it possible to study this component, to anticipate the incurred risks, to identify the origin of a trend, and to observe the actors or terms having a decisive role in the evolution structures. With regard to dynamic graphs, our major contribution is to represent relational and temporal data at the same time; which is called graph morphing. The objective is to emphasize the significant tendencies considering the representation of a graph that includes all the periods and then by carrying out an animation between successive visualizations of the graphs attached to each period. This process makes it possible to identify structures or events, to locate them temporally, and to make a predictive reading of it. Thus our contribution allows the representation of advanced information and more precisely the identification, the analysis, and the restitution of the underlying strategic structures which connect the actors of a domain, the key words, and the concepts they use; this considering the evolution feature
Guénec, Nadège. "Méthodologies pour la création de connaissances relatives au marché chinois dans une démarche d'Intelligence Économique : application dans le domaine des biotechnologies agricoles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554743.
Full textLakhal, Lotfi. "Contribution à l'étude des interfaces pour non-informaticien dans la manipulation de bases de données relationnelles." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE4067.
Full textLebastard, Franck. "Driver : une couche objet virtuelle persistante pour le raisonnement sur les bases de données relationnelles." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0030.
Full textThis thesis presents DRIVER, a persistent virtual object layer, that permits to use, in a same chosen object formalism, both the information contained in relational databases and the knowledge of a higher-level system, such as our expert system shell SMECI. A user-defined mapping assigns an object representation to data of connected bases; it permits to handle and to utilize them exactly as other objects in the expert system environment, for example during reasoning. DRIVER can also supply some environment objects with persistence, according to user's wishes
Augier, Sébastien. "Apprentissage Supervisé Relationnel par Algorithmes d'Évolution." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947322.
Full textBosco, Michel. "Contribution à la spécification et à la conception de systèmes d'information intelligents pour le génie logiciel." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0004.
Full textRastin, Parisa. "Automatic and Adaptive Learning for Relational Data Stream Clustering." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD052.
Full textThe research work presented in this thesis concerns the development of unsupervised learning approaches adapted to large relational and dynamic data-sets. The combination of these three characteristics (size, complexity and evolution) is a major challenge in the field of data mining and few satisfactory solutions exist at the moment, despite the obvious needs of companies. This is a real challenge, because the approaches adapted to relational data have a quadratic complexity, unsuited to the analysis of dynamic data. We propose here two complementary approaches for the analysis of this type of data. The first approach is able to detect well-separated clusters from a signal created during an incremental reordering of the dissimilarity matrix, with no parameter to choose (e.g., the number of clusters). The second proposes to use support points among the objects in order to build a representation space to define representative prototypes of the clusters. Finally, we apply the proposed approaches to real-time profiling of connected users. Profiling tasks are designed to recognize the "state of mind" of users through their navigations on different web-sites
Munch, Mélanie. "Améliorer le raisonnement dans l'incertain en combinant les modèles relationnels probabilistes et la connaissance experte." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB011.
Full textThis thesis focuses on integrating expert knowledge to enhance reasoning under uncertainty. Our goal is to guide the probabilistic relations’ learning with expert knowledge for domains described by ontologies.To do so we propose to couple knowledge bases (KBs) and an oriented-object extension of Bayesian networks, the probabilistic relational models (PRMs). Our aim is to complement the statistical learning with expert knowledge in order to learn a model as close as possible to the reality and analyze it quantitatively (with probabilistic relations) and qualitatively (with causal discovery). We developped three algorithms throught three distinct approaches, whose main differences lie in their automatisation and the integration (or not) of human expert supervision.The originality of our work is the combination of two broadly opposed philosophies: while the Bayesian approach favors the statistical analysis of the given data in order to reason with it, the ontological approach is based on the modelization of expert knowledge to represent a domain. Combining the strenght of the two allows to improve both the reasoning under uncertainty and the expert knowledge
Obenson, Philip. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la logique des prédicats du premier ordre et de l'intelligence artificielle sur les bases de données relationnelles : Application aux bases de données bibliographiques." Université de Franche-Comté. UFR des sciences et techniques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2014.
Full textNica, Cristina. "Exploring sequential data with relational concept analysis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD032/document.
Full textMany sequential pattern mining methods have been proposed to discover useful patterns that describe the analysed sequential data. Several of these works have focused on efficiently enumerating all closed partially-ordered patterns (cpo-patterns), that makes their evaluation a laboured task for experts since their number can be large. To address this issue, we propose a new approach, that is to directly extract multilevel cpo-patterns implicitly organised into a hierarchy. To this end, we devise an original method within the Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) framework, referred to as RCA-SEQ, that exploits the structure and properties of the lattices from the RCA output. RCA-SEQ spans five steps: the preprocessing of the raw data; the RCA-based exploration of the preprocessed data; the automatic extraction of a hierarchy of multilevel cpo-patterns by navigating the lattices from the RCA output; the selection of relevant multilevel cpo-patterns; the pattern evaluation done by experts
Chang, Euy-Hyun. "Contribution à la représentation des données et des connaissances pour la modélisation d'objets tridimensionnels." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD138.
Full textTsatcha, Dieudonné. "Contribution à l'extraction et à la représentation des connaissances de l'environnement maritime : proposition d'une architecture dédiée aux applications de navigation." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0118/document.
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Lesaint, David. "Calcul d'ensembles de solutions pour problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0006.
Full textMhiri, Lotfi. "Utilisation des techniques avancees des bases de donnees pour la representation des informations et des connaissances d'un systeme "intelligent" d'enseignement assiste par ordinateur : bieao." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30203.
Full textGhalamallah, Ilhème. "Proposition d'un modèle d'analyse exploratoire multidimensionnelle dans un contexte d'intelligence économique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30293.
Full textA successful business is often conditioned by its ability to identify, collect, process and disseminate information for strategic purposes. Moreover, information technology and knowledge provide constraints that companies must adapt : a continuous stream, a circulation much faster techniques increasingly complex. The risk of being swamped by this information and no longer able to distinguish the essential from the trivial. Indeed, with the advent of new economy dominated by the market, the problem of industrial and commercial enterprise is become very complex. Now, to be competitive, the company must know how to manage their intangible capital. Competitive Intelligence (CI) is a response to the upheavals of the overall business environment and more broadly to any organization. In an economy where everything moves faster and more complex, management Strategic Information has become a key driver of overall business performance. CI is a process and an organizational process that can be more competitive, by monitoring its environment and its dynamics. In this context, we found that much information has strategic significance to the relationship: links between actors in the field, semantic networks, alliances, mergers, acquisitions, collaborations, co-occurrences of all kinds. Our work consists in proposing a model of multivariate analysis dedicated to the IE. This approach is based on the extraction of knowledge by analyzing the evolution of relational databases. We offer a model for understanding the activity of actors in a given field, but also their interactions their development and strategy, this decision in perspective. This approach is based on the designing a system of generic information online analysis to homogenize and organize text data in relational form, and thence to extract implicit knowledge of the content and formatting are adapted to non-specialist decision makers in the field of knowledge extraction
Fruit, Ronan. "Exploration-exploitation dilemma in reinforcement learning under various form of prior knowledge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I086.
Full textIn combination with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), several Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms such as "Q-learning" of "Policy Gradient" are now able to achieve super-human performaces on most Atari Games as well as the game of Go. Despite these outstanding and promising achievements, such Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms require millions of samples to perform well, thus limiting their deployment to all applications where data acquisition is costly. The lack of sample efficiency of DRL can partly be attributed to the use of DNNs, which are known to be data-intensive in the training phase. But more importantly, it can be attributed to the type of Reinforcement Learning algorithm used, which only perform a very inefficient undirected exploration of the environment. For instance, Q-learning and Policy Gradient rely on randomization for exploration. In most cases, this strategy turns out to be very ineffective to properly balance the exploration needed to discover unknown and potentially highly rewarding regions of the environment, with the exploitation of rewarding regions already identified as such. Other RL approaches with theoretical guarantees on the exploration-exploitation trade-off have been investigated. It is sometimes possible to formally prove that the performances almost match the theoretical optimum. This line of research is inspired by the Multi-Armed Bandit literature, with many algorithms relying on the same underlying principle often referred as "optimism in the face of uncertainty". Even if a significant effort has been made towards understanding the exploration-exploitation dilemma generally, many questions still remain open. In this thesis, we generalize existing work on exploration-exploitation to different contexts with different amounts of prior knowledge on the learning problem. We introduce several algorithmic improvements to current state-of-the-art approaches and derive a new theoretical analysis which allows us to answer several open questions of the literature. We then relax the (very common although not very realistic) assumption that a path between any two distinct regions of the environment should always exist. Relaxing this assumption highlights the impact of prior knowledge on the intrinsic limitations of the exploration-exploitation dilemma. Finally, we show how some prior knowledge such as the range of the value function or a set of macro-actions can be efficiently exploited to speed-up learning. In this thesis, we always strive to take the algorithmic complexity of the proposed algorithms into account. Although all these algorithms are somehow computationally "efficient", they all require a planning phase and therefore suffer from the well-known "curse of dimensionality" which limits their applicability to real-world problems. Nevertheless, the main focus of this work is to derive general principles that may be combined with more heuristic approaches to help overcome current DRL flaws
Charnay, Clément. "Enhancing supervised learning with complex aggregate features and context sensitivity." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD025/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study model adaptation in supervised learning. Firstly, we adapt existing learning algorithms to the relational representation of data. Secondly, we adapt learned prediction models to context change.In the relational setting, data is modeled by multiples entities linked with relationships. We handle these relationships using complex aggregate features. We propose stochastic optimization heuristics to include complex aggregates in relational decision trees and Random Forests, and assess their predictive performance on real-world datasets.We adapt prediction models to two kinds of context change. Firstly, we propose an algorithm to tune thresholds on pairwise scoring models to adapt to a change of misclassification costs. Secondly, we reframe numerical attributes with affine transformations to adapt to a change of attribute distribution between a learning and a deployment context. Finally, we extend these transformations to complex aggregates
Granier, Jacques. "Un système d'ingénierie assisté par ordinateur pour la conception des équipements d'irrigation : une application réalisée en langage SNARX." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20156.
Full textLozano, Aparicio Jose Martin. "Data exchange from relational databases to RDF with target shape schemas." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I063.
Full textResource Description Framework (RDF) is a graph data model which has recently found the use of publishing on the web data from relational databases. We investigate data exchange from relational databases to RDF graphs with target shapes schemas. Essentially, data exchange models a process of transforming an instance of a relational schema, called the source schema, to a RDF graph constrained by a target schema, according to a set of rules, called source-to-target tuple generating dependencies. The output RDF graph is called a solution. Because the tuple generating dependencies define this process in a declarative fashion, there might be many possible solutions or no solution at all. We study constructive relational to RDF data exchange setting with target shapes schemas, which is composed of a relational source schema, a shapes schema for the target schema, a set of mappings that uses IRI constructors. Furthermore, we assume that any two IRI constructors are non-overlapping. We propose a visual mapping language (VML) that helps non-expert users to specify mappings in this setting. Moreover, we develop a tool called ShERML that performs data exchange with the use of VML and for users that want to understand the model behind VML mappings, we define R2VML, a text-based mapping language, that captures VML and presents a succinct syntax for defining mappings.We investigate the problem of checking consistency: a data exchange setting is consistent if for every input source instance, there is at least one solution. We show that the consistency problem is coNP-complete and provide a static analysis algorithm of the setting that allows to decide if the setting is consistent or not. We study the problem of computing certain answers. An answer is certain if the answer holds in every solution. Typically, certain answers are computed using a universal solution. However, in our setting a universal solution might not exist. Thus, we introduce the notion of universal simulation solution, which always exists and allows to compute certain answers to any class of queries that is robust under simulation. One such class is nested regular expressions (NREs) that are forward i.e., do not use the inverse operation. Using universal simulation solution renders tractable the computation of certain answers to forward NREs (data-complexity).Finally, we investigate the shapes schema elicitation problem that consists of constructing a target shapes schema from a constructive relational to RDF data exchange setting without the target shapes schema. We identity two desirable properties of a good target schema, which are soundness i.e., every produced RDF graph is accepted by the target schema; and completeness i.e., every RDF graph accepted by the target schema can be produced. We propose an elicitation algorithm that is sound for any schema-less data exchange setting, but also that is complete for a large practical class of schema-less settings
García, Durán Alberto. "Learning representations in multi-relational graphs : algorithms and applications." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2271/document.
Full textInternet provides a huge amount of information at hand in such a variety of topics, that now everyone is able to access to any kind of knowledge. Such a big quantity of information could bring a leap forward in many areas if used properly. This way, a crucial challenge of the Artificial Intelligence community has been to gather, organize and make intelligent use of this growing amount of available knowledge. Fortunately, important efforts have been made in gathering and organizing knowledge for some time now, and a lot of structured information can be found in repositories called Knowledge Bases (KBs). A main issue with KBs is that they are far from being complete. This thesis proposes several methods to add new links between the existing entities of the KB based on the learning of representations that optimize some defined energy function. We also propose a novel application to make use of this structured information to generate questions in natural language
Medina-Oliva, Gabriela. "Modélisation conjointe des connaissances multi-points de vue d'un système industriel et de son système de soutien pour l'évaluation des stratégies de maintenance." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00702247.
Full textLee, Jeon Young. "Contribution à l'étude de l'architecture d'un système intégrant les différents formalismes de représentation de la connaissance." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPDE48.
Full textMedina, Oliva Gabriela. "Modélisation conjointe des connaissances multi-points de vue d'un système industriel et de son système de soutien pour l'évaluation des stratégies de maintenance." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10092/document.
Full textNowadays, the importance of the maintenance function has increased, due to the requirements on the maintain in operational conditions phase (MCO) of the system-of-interest (SI). As well as for the relevant role of maintenance in improving availability, performance efficiency, total plant availability, etc. To control performances, maintenance managers should be able to make some choices about the maintenance strategies and the resources that can fulfil the requirements. Within this context, we propose a methodology to formalize a model allowing to perform simulation to assess maintenance strategies. The scientific contribution of our work is that this approach unify by using a probabilistic relational model (PRM), different kind of knowledge needed to assess maintenance strategies. Knowledge is presented as generic and modular patterns based on PRM. These patterns integrate relevant decisional variables of the system of interest and of its maintenance system. This approach eases the modeling phase for a specific application. This methodology is one of the results of the project ANR SKOOB. This approach was tested on an industrial case for the maintenance of a harvest production process
Minout, Mohammed. "Modélisation des aspects temporels dans les bases de données spatiales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210672.
Full textEtant donné ces nouveaux besoins, cette thèse se focalise sur la modélisation et l'implantation des aspects temporels dans bases de données. En effet, la conception d'une application de base de données se fait par un enchaînement de trois phases (conceptuelle, logique et physique). Au niveau conceptuel, plusieurs modèles conceptuels ont été proposés intégrant les caractéristiques temporelles et spatiales.
Malheureusement, au niveau logique, les modèles de données des SGBD actuels n'offrent pas les concepts nécessaires pour implanter le modèle conceptuel spatio-temporel. Nous proposons donc de nouvelles règles de traductions d'un schéma conceptuel, basé sur le modèle MADS (Modélisation des Applications à des données spatio-temporelles), en un schéma logique MADSLog pour les modèles cibles à savoir :relationnel et relationnel-objet. Chaque règle transforme un concept structurel, temporel et spatial du modèle MADS en un ou plusieurs concepts supportés par la cible. Par exemple, la propriété spatiale définissant la géométrie d'un type d'objet est traduite par la création d'un nouvel attribut de type spatial dans ce type d'objet. Un outil CASE(Computer-Aided Software Engineering) appelé Schema Translateur est développé dans cette thèse implémentant toutes les règles de traductions.
La traduction de schémas conceptuels en schémas logiques peut impliquer une perte sémantique en raison de la différence de la puissance d'expression entre le modèle conceptuel et le modèle de données des SGBD existants. D'où la nécessité de générer un ensemble de contraintes d'intégrité afin de préserver la sémantique définie dans le schéma conceptuel. Ces contraintes sont exprimées à ce niveau par des formules logiques.
Avec l'apparition de GML (Geographic Markup Language ) qui est conçu pour la modélisation, le transport et le stockage d'informations géographiques. Nous transformons également le schéma conceptuel MADS en GML. De nouveaux schémas GML temporel et spatial sont définis qui peuvent être employés par n'importe application de base de données spatio-temporelle.
Au niveau physique, nous proposons une méthode d'adaptation du schéma logique en schéma physique pour le modèle relationnel-objet.
Elle permet de définir les tables, les types abstraits, les types d'objets, les domaines, etc. Notre proposition permet aussi la génération des contraintes d'intégrité au niveau physique. En effet, chaque contrainte d'intégrité (structurelle, temporelle ou spatiale) qui est définie en calcul logique est exprimée soit directement par des contraintes déclaratives ou soit par des déclencheurs du SGBD choisi. Les déclencheurs spatiaux sont fondés sur les fonctionnalités prédéfinies dans Oracle, alors que les déclencheurs temporels sont basés sur les opérateurs et méthodes appliquées sur les types temporels.
Enfin, la traduction de requêtes est une deuxième clef de cette recherche. Le but de la traduction de requêtes, exprimées en algèbre, étant de reconstituer l'information au sens MADS à partir de la base de données stockées dans le SGDB cible. Elle permet de traduire les expressions algébriques MADS, qui sont définies sur le schéma conceptuel et non sur le schéma physique, en requêtes opérationnelles qui peuvent être exécutées sur une base de données spatiale et temporelle sous un SGBD ou un SIG.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Agli, Hamza. "Raisonnement incertain pour les règles métier." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066129/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we address the issue of uncertainty in Object-Oriented Business Rules Management Systems (OO-BRMSs). To achieve this aim, we rely on Probabilistic Relational Models (PRMs). These are an object-oriented extension of Bayesian Networks that can be exploited to efficiently model probability distributions in OO-BRMSs. It turns out that queries in OO-BRMS are numerous and we need to request the PRM very frequently. The PRM should then provide a rapid answer. For this reason, we propose, in the first part of this thesis, a new algorithm that respects two specifities of OO-BRMSs and optimizes the probabilistic inference accordingly. First, OO-BRMSs queries affect only a subset of their base, hence, the probabilities of interest concern only a subset of the PRMs random variables. Second, successive requests differ only slightly from each other. We prove theoretically the correctness of the proposed algorithm and we highlight its efficiency through experimental tests. During the second part, we establish some principles for probabilistic OO-BRMSs and we describe an approach to couple them with PRMs. Then, we apply the approach to IBM Operational Decision Manager (ODM), one of the state-of-the-art OO-BRMSs, and we provide a general overview of the resulted prototype. Finally, we discuss advanced techniques to compile elements of ODM technical language into instructions that are exploitable by the PRM probabilistic engine
Toustou, Beatrice. "Le rôle des interactions sociales dans le processus créatif : le cas des chercheurs de l'industrie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1058.
Full textAlthough for many decades creativity has been described as a solitary activity that refers to individual characteristics possessed by certain individuals, today it has been established that relationships play a crucial role in the creation of knowledge (Perry-Smith, 2006). Nevertheless, despite their importance, interpersonal exchanges have received relatively little attention compared to other resources useful to the creative process (Bouty, 2000). This doctoral study is therefore devoted to examining the role of social interactions in the creative process. The theoretical framework draws on literature in the fields of complexity theory and social exchange. The empirical research was carried out among industrial researchers whose main mission is creative in nature. The thesis is composed of three articles, each of which treats a dimension of the overall research question: To what extent and in which ways do social interactions influence the creative process?The research contributes to theory building by (1) providing a plural definition of creativity; (2) highlighting the different social resources that researchers draw on and building a dynamic creative process divided into two meta-stages (emergence of ideas and their amplification); and (3) describing three forms of social exchange, underpinned by different logics of reciprocity that play an important role during the creative process.Overall, this thesis points out the importance of social interactions in the creative process and the full importance of moments of socialization within organizations wishing to develop their employees’ creativity
Puget, Dominique. "Aspects sémantiques dans les Systèmes de Recherche d'Informations." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30139.
Full textGONZáLEZ, GóMEZ Mauricio. "Jeux stochastiques sur des graphes avec des applications à l’optimisation des smart-grids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN064.
Full textWithin the research community, there is a great interest in exploring many applications of energy grids since these become more and more important in our modern world. To properly design and implement these networks, advanced and complex mathematical tools are necessary. Two key features for their design are correctness and optimality. While these last two properties are in the core of formal methods, their effective application to energy networks remains largely unexploited. This constitutes one strong motivation for the work developed in this thesis. A special emphasis is made on the generic problem of scheduling power consumption. This is a scenario in which the consumers have a certain energy demand and want to have this demand fulfilled before a set deadline (e.g., an Electric Vehicle (EV) has to be recharged within a given time window set by the EV owner). Therefore, each consumer has to choose at each time the consumption power (by a computerized system) so that the final accumulated energy reaches a desired level. The way in which the power levels are chosen is according to a ``strategy’’ mapping at any time the relevant information of a consumer (e.g., the current accumulated energy for EV-charging) to a suitable power consumption level. The design of such strategies may be either centralized (in which there is a single decision-maker controlling all strategies of consumers), or decentralized (in which there are several decision-makers, each of them representing a consumer). We analyze both scenarios by exploiting ideas originating from formal methods, game theory and optimization. More specifically, the power consumption scheduling problem can be modelled using Markov decision processes and stochastic games. For instance, probabilities provide a way to model the environment of the electrical system, namely: the noncontrollable part of the total consumption (e.g., the non-EV consumption). The controllable consumption can be adapted to the constraints of the distribution network (e.g., to the maximum shutdown temperature of the electrical transformer), and to their objectives (e.g., all EVs are recharged). At first glance, this can be seen as a stochastic system with multi-constraints objectives. Therefore, the contributions of this thesis also concern the area of multi-criteria objective models, which allows one to pursue several objectives at a time such as having strategy designs functionally correct and robust against changes of the environment
Diop, Fallilou. "Analyses probabilistes pour l'étude des réseaux électriques de distribution." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC055/document.
Full textThe current changes on the electrical system bring out economic and technical issues in the management of the latter. Among these issues, the impact of distributed generation and VEs on the technical constraints of the distribution network. The aim of this thesis is to study probabilistic models to estimate the impacts of photovoltaic production and electrical vehicles on medium and low voltage distribution networks. Two different probabilistic models of production and consumption were studied : one based on the fitting of historical data by one probability density function, the other one based on the data clustered in groups defined by a standard profile and a probability of occurrence. Three probabilistic load flow technics have been studied in this thesis. The first is based on the Monte Carlo simulation method, the second is based on the PEM approximation method and the last, based on the use of clustering, is called pseudo Monte Carlo method
Glorot, Xavier. "Apprentissage des réseaux de neurones profonds et applications en traitement automatique de la langue naturelle." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11989.
Full textMachine learning aims to leverage data in order for computers to solve problems of interest. Despite being invented close to sixty years ago, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) remain an area of active research and a powerful tool. Their resurgence in the context of deep learning has led to dramatic improvements in various domains from computer vision and speech processing to natural language processing. The quantity of available data and the computing power are always increasing, which is desirable to train high capacity models such as deep ANNs. However, some intrinsic learning difficulties, such as local minima, remain problematic. Deep learning aims to find solutions to these problems, either by adding some regularisation or improving optimisation. Unsupervised pre-training or Dropout are examples of such solutions. The two first articles presented in this thesis follow this line of research. The first analyzes the problem of vanishing/exploding gradients in deep architectures. It shows that simple choices, like the activation function or the weights initialization, can have an important impact. We propose the normalized initialization scheme to improve learning. The second focuses on the activation function, where we propose the rectified linear unit. This work was the first to emphasise the use of linear by parts activation functions for deep supervised neural networks, which is now an essential component of such models. The last two papers show some applications of ANNs to Natural Language Processing. The first focuses on the specific subject of domain adaptation in the context of sentiment analysis, using Stacked Denoising Auto-encoders. It remains state of the art to this day. The second tackles learning with multi-relational data using an energy based model which can also be applied to the task of word-sense disambiguation.