Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intellectual Property Managment Model'

Thesis (Eng.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009.
"Submitted to Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Engineering Doctorate." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 319-354)

The reconciliation of patents within the Taiwanese Law of Things has received negligible attention from legal scholars. The primary reason for this is the hesitation, by courts and scholars alike, to construct a new property paradigm, referring instead to treat patents under the existing rules on physical things. This dominating stance has had an impact on the manner in which Taiwanese courts adjudicate on the nature of patents, and dealings therewith. The aim of the thesis is to show that this stance is theoretically illogical. The underlying issue is the different classification of patents within the civil and common law systems. The study employs a historical and comparative law methodology in order to inform an intra-law solution to the problem of how to overcome the classification dilemma. It does this by critically analysing the evolution of patent categorisation as personal property in common law and, by employing this foundation, seeks to distinguish the substantial differences in the concept of property between the common and civil law traditions. In light of these differences, and to establish a consolidated way of reconciling patents into the current Taiwanese legal framework, the thesis further analyses the similarity of the property notion under English common law and Taiwanese customary law, both of which are shaped by exclusion rules. The hypothesis is that ownership of land within these two systems, in similar with that of patents, was not an absolute and outright ownership of land governed by inclusion rules, but was instead a freehold which granted intangible rights that could be divided by the duration of the holding. It is suggested that a theoretically more coherent property model can be achieved by adopting this approach, and analogising patents to the tenure systems that existed within both English common law and Taiwanese customary law. To this end, the thesis proposes to contextually rebuild the property model for patents within Taiwanese law by the insertion of five new reform clauses into the Patent Act and the Civil Code.

Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Este estudo procura saber se os fatores identificados noutros países como elementos influênciadores da gestão de PI em startups, também podem ser considerados para a realidade económica do nosso país. Os resultados deste estudo, embora não totalmente validados, indicam que esses elementos influenciadores podem ser aplicados para startups portuguesas.
This thesis is looking to know if the key factors that influence IP management done by startups in other nations can also be applied to the economical reality that our countrie's companies are faced it. The conclusion, although not entirely validated, shows that they can.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many countries recognise the importance of realising economic growth through the exploitation of research outputs culminating from publicly financed institutions. At the forefront of these countries is the United States of America which has seen increased commercialisation efforts made by its universities since the passing of its Intellectual Property (IP) legislation, the Bayh-Dole Act in the 1980s. The Act assigned IP rights to public institutions. Most countries have since followed suit and SA is likewise in the process of adopting similar legislation, namely the Intellectual Property Rights Bill (IPR Bill). The Department of Science and Technology (DST), which is responsible for growing the knowledge base of the country, guided by the National R&D Strategy adopted in 2002, has developed a framework for IP rights emanating from publicly financed research. This will form the basis for IPR legislation, which is currently under review by Parliament. The legislation is similar to that adopted in the USA, with due consideration for local content. It also assigns IP rights emanating from publicly financed research to the recipient entities, that is, public institutions and small businesses. The legislation aims to stimulate inter alia a culture of patenting by public institutions. This has the potential to increase the commercialisation of these research outputs, as evidenced in other countries. The abovementioned legislation refers to the establishment of a national agency, the National IP Management Office (NIPMO), which will have the responsibility of undertaking the administrative function set out in the legislation. This paper investigates a business model, as well as an institutional framework for NIPMO, taking into account the challenges of IP management in SA and abroad. Desktop research was carried out for a better understanding of the status quo in the IP management landscape, both locally and abroad. This was followed by primary research by means of interviews in order to gain insight into the nature of local IP management offices, the challenges they are faced with and also the expectations of the planned National IP Management Office. The literature survey indicated that many countries have come to realise the importance of developing their economies through exploitation of publicly financed research outputs. Most countries have since adopted IPR legislation to enable public research institutions to manage their IP, and commercialise their research outputs. There are still challenges faced by this system, which are similar across countries. These range from the financing required for the management and running of these office, limited capacity, and also traditional mindsets of researchers in putting greater value on publications than on patents. Exploiting the information gathered, an environmental analysis in the form of SWOT and stakeholder analyses was carried out, which culminated in the development of a business model and a governance model. Some of the key recommendations that have been made in this study include the following:  NIPMO should follow the proposed business model which outlines the different number of expertise and services that should be provided to ensure the sustainable administering of the IPR legislation.  In order to be able to provide a much needed service and be accessible to the institutional technology transfer offices (TTOs), NIPMO should set up provincial offices to better assist the under-capacitated TTOs, as well as institutions without TTOs.  As skills are being developed in the area of IP Management, it should be considered to roll-out these regional offices incrementally, starting with areas that are in most need of these services, namely Kwa-Zulu Natal and the Eastern Cape.  NIPMO should play a major role in monitoring and evaluating the implementation and the impact of the new legislation on the innovativeness of the country’s research environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie lande besef die belangrikheid van die verwesenliking van ekonomiese groei deur die benutting van navorsingsuitsette wat van staatsgefinansierde instellings afkomstig is. Die Verenigde State van Amerika (VSA) is aan die voorpunt van hierdie lande, met toenemende kommersialisering deur hierdie land se universiteite sedert die wetgewing oor Intellektuele Eiendom (IE) by wyse van die Bayh-Dole-wet in die 1980’s goedgekeur is. Hierdie wet het IE-regte aan regeringsinstellings toegeken. Die meeste lande het hierdie voorbeeld gevolg, en ook Suid-Afrika is tans besig om soortgelyke wetgewing goed te keur, naamlik die Wetsontwerp op Intellektuele Eiendomsregte (IER-wetsontwerp). Die Departement van Wetenskap en Tegnologie (DWT), wat verantwoordelik is vir die uitbreiding van die land se kennisbasis en deur die Nasionale Navorsings- en Ontwikkelingstrategie wat in 2002 goedgekeur is, gerig word, het ’n raamwerk vir IE-regte wat uit staatsgefinansierde navorsing afkomstig is, ontwikkel. Dít sal die grondslag vorm van IER-wetgewing en die IER-wetsontwerp, wat tans deur die Parlement in hersiening geneem word. Die wetgewing stem ooreen met dít wat in die VSA goedgekeur is, en skenk behoorlike oorweging aan plaaslike inhoud. Dit ken ook IE-regte wat uit staatsgefinansierde navorsing afkomstig is, aan die ontvangerentiteite, naamlik staatsinstellings en klein besighede, toe. Die wetgewing is daarop gemik om onder andere ’n kultuur van patentering deur staatsinstellings te stimuleer. Dit bied die moontlikheid van verhoogde kommersialisering van hierdie navorsingsuitsette, soos in ander lande aangetoon. Die bogenoemde wetgewing verwys na die stigting van ’n nasionale agentskap, die Nasionale IE-bestuurskantoor (NIMPO), wat daarvoor verantwoordelik sal wees om die administratiewe funksie, soos in die wetgewing gestipuleer, uit te voer. Hierdie tesis ondersoek ’n sakemodel asook ’n institusionele raamwerk vir NIPMO, wat die uitdagings van IE-bestuur in Suid-Afrika en in die buiteland in aanmerking neem. Literatuur oor die onderwerp is ondersoek om beter begrip van die status quo in die terrein van IE-bestuur, sowel plaaslik as in die buiteland, te verkry. Hierna het primêre navorsing deur middel van onderhoude gevolg, ten einde insig in die aard van plaaslike IE-bestuurskantore, die uitdagings waarvoor hulle te staan kom en ook die verwagtinge van die beplande NIMPO te verkry. Die literatuuroorsig het getoon dat baie lande die belangrikheid van die ontwikkeling van hul ekonomieë deur die benutting van staatsgefinansierde navorsingsuitsette besef. Die meeste lande het intussen IER-wetgewing goedgekeur ten einde staatsnavorsingsinstellings in staat te stel om hul IE te bestuur, en om hul navorsingsuitsette te kommersialiseer. Hierdie stelsel kom steeds voor uitdagings te staan, soos ook die geval in ander lande. Hierdie uitdagings wissel van die finansiering wat nodig is vir die bestuur en werking van hierdie kantore en beperkte kapasiteit tot ’n tradisionele ingesteldheid van navorsers om groter waarde op publikasies as op patente te plaas. Op grond van die inligting wat ingesamel is, is ’n omgewingsontleding in die vorm van SWOT- en belanghebberontledings uitgevoer, wat tot die ontwikkeling van ’n sake- en ’n beheermodel gelei het. Op grond van die ontledings is belangrike aanbevelings gemaak, wat die volgende insluit:  NIPMO moet die voorgestelde sakemodel volg, wat die hoeveelheid kundigheid en dienste stipuleer wat nodig is om die volhoubare uitvoering van die IER-wetgewing te verseker.  Ten einde in staat te wees om ’n uiters noodsaaklike diens te verskaf en vir die institusionele tegnologie-oordragkantore (TOK’s) toeganklik te wees, moet NIPMO provinsiale kantore stig om TOK’s met ’n lae kapasiteit asook instellings sonder TOK’s beter te kan bystaan.  Aangesien vaardighede in die veld van EI-bestuur nog ontwikkel word, moet oorweging daaraan geskenk word om hierdie streekskantore toenemend van stapel te laat loop deur te begin by gebiede wat hierdie dienste die nodigste het, soos Kwa-Zulu Natal en die Oos-Kaap.  NIPMO moet ’n belangrike rol in die monitering en evaluering van die implementering en die impak van die nuwe wetgewing op die vernuwende aard van die land se navorsingsomgewing speel.

A firm�s relationships with its customers contribute to its organizational capital and represent an important part of its shareholder value, so the nature of the value in these relationships needs to be understood well and managed carefully. Marketing managers therefore require techniques that will assess relationship value comprehensively in order to manage their portfolio of customer relationships effectively and in order to argue for a sufficient share of the firm�s resources to develop these market based assets for competitive advantage. At present, there is a well-established technique for assessing customer profitability analysis which assigns revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities to customers and algebraically sums their value to reach a profitability figure for each customer. However, even in its more sophisticated forms, the primary focus of customer profitability analysis as it is currently used tends to be the management of profitability by way of the management of existing situations, and particularly of cost, rather than the management of the value that is potentially available in the future from the intangible aspects of a relationship. Without knowledge of the dimensions of intangible value in the relationship, the technique is restricted to assessing those relationship aspects that can be easily quantified in dollar terms by the modification of existing accounting information. This leaves a gap in the available toolbox for managers in assessing relationship value, because much of the value of a relationship may be in its intangible aspects, which at present can not be readily assessed other than by a manager�s experience and intuition. In order to develop techniques specifically for intangible value assessment, it is necessary to understand the dimensions of this intangible value. Development of scales to measure the dimensions of this intangible relationship value and development of an understanding of its structure is thus a useful research goal, which is supported by calls in the literature for the quantification of market-based assets and their value Elucidation of the dimensions and structure of intangible relationship value is therefore the goal of this thesis. Although there are recent reports in the literature of studies that include the intangible aspects of relationship value, most of those that have been conducted in a business-to-business context appear to be primarily concerned with investigating the drivers of value rather than its dimensions, and those that deal with the business-to-consumer context describe techniques to assess the aggregated value of many consumers, rather than an individual buyer as is required for business-to-business applications. The thesis therefore proposes a conceptual framework, synthesised from the intellectual capital literature, which provides a set of six dimensions and a structure of intangible business-to-business buyer-seller value. The six proposed dimensions are unique in that they cover the human aspects of the relationship extensively. The thesis describes the testing of the proposed conceptual framework. This was achieved primarily by the use of the structural equation modelling technique on survey data that was collected from managers in the New Zealand manufacturing industry, following qualitatively analysed interviews with managers. The tests support the framework and its value dimensions. The thesis therefore concludes that this research provides a contribution to the literature on value assessment and that future research should be conducted to validate its findings.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of computer software is a complex and laborious task, further complicated by the fact that copyright legislation is vague, at best. If the software is being developed for commercial exploitation then speed to market is essential and, even then, there is little to prevent skilled competitors from copying or even cloning the model. During the course of the year 2000 a team of developers, c ompr t s tn g Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri and the writer, not only managed to develop and prototype a complex loan evaluation software model, but have carried it through to the initial stages of a phased implementation and are presently involved in negotiations to sell the intellectual property rights (IPR) to a firm which specialises in the marketing of software to the banking industry internationally. It is virtually impossible for a single person to develop a model of this nature as it requires a comprehensive skills asset, including broad-based financial knowledge, specialised banking skills as well as a sound knowledge of information systems architecture, not to mention software p rogramming skills. The implementation and subsequent sale of the model further required comprehensive project management skills as well as the human resources understanding required for the substantial change management involved. Each of these 3 parties brought not only their particular exp ert i se to the table, but also a holistic view of the final shap e and form of the model. As is the case with projects of this magnitude numerous difficulties were encountered. These were, however, all overcome, via a series of iterations, and the model was introduced to the business on schedule. The implementation itself was fraught with difficulty, but the combination of a phased approach, together with comprehensive training and support, has led to the acceptance of the model by business users. There remain some technical difficulties which require to be resolved, particularly the disappointing performance of the model over a wide area network and also its integration with existing systems, but the model itself has exceeded expectations. It is simple to use, allows for a comprehensive and focused loan assessment and offers the ability to perform sophisticated sensitivity analysis in a fraction of a second. The model is now in its final shape and has been formally named Version 1.0, yet a great deal of work remains. We, as a bank, are not ideally suited to become purveyors of software and need to expedite the transfer of the IPR to a neutral party, to avoid local banks who might wish to purchase it from viewing our involvement with suspicion. Once this has been done, and the final phase of implementation concluded in March 2001, we will be able to move on to the exciting task of creating derivatives of the model, aimed at meeting the needs of other elements of the industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van rekenaar-sagteware is 'n lang en intensiewe proses. Hierdie proses word voorts bemoeilik deur onvoldoende en ongetoetsde patentreg-wetgewing. Wanneer die doel van sagtewareontwikkeling winsbejag is, is leweringspoed na gebruikers van die uiterste belang aangesien menige mededinger die vermoë het om 'n model na te boots en te verbeter. Gedurende die afgelope jaar het 'n ontwikkelingspan bestaande uit Phillip Munday, Chris Vietri en die skrywer 'n werksmodel van 'n gesofistikeerde, krediet-evalueri ng sagteware modelontwikkel. Nie net is hierdie model deurgevoer tot 'n gefasseerde, interne implementering nie; dit is nou vêr genoeg ontwikkel om die intellektuele eiendomsreg te verkoop aan 'n groep wat toegespits is op die bemarking van bankgerigte sagteware op 'n wêreldwye basis. Dit is bykans onmoontlik vir een persoon om 'n soortgelyke model te ontwikkel weens die omvattende finansiëIe - en bankpraktyk kennis wat vereis word. Verdere vereistes is 'n deeglike kennis van sagteware argitektuur en programmering. Die implimentering en verkoop van die program vereis ook wye kundigheid op die gebiede van projekbestuur en vernuwingsbestuur weens die potensiële strukturele veranderinge in 'n nuwe gebruiker. Elkeen van die 3 partye het benewens sy eie kundigheid ook 'n oorsigtige bydrae gelewer tot die finale model. Soos met elke projek van hierdie omvang was daar groot struikelblokke. Die uitdagings is oorkom deur menige probeerslae en die model is betyds aan die besigheid bekendgestel. Die implimentering was moeiliker as verwag maar deur 'n gefasseerde proses en omvattende opleiding en ondersteuning is aanvaarding deur gebruikers verseker. Daar is enkele, onopgelosde tegniese probleme soos die swak werkverrigting oor 'n wye' area-netwerk en die moeilike integrasie met bestaande stelsels. Desnieteenstaande het die model die meeste verwagtinge oortref. Dit is maklik om te gebruik, dit verseker deeglike krediet-evaluering en dit skep die geleentheid om veelvuldige sensitiwiteitsanalises tegelykertyd te doen. Die modeI is nou in sy finale weergawe en is bekend as " Version 1.0 " maar dit vereis nog heelwat skaafwerk. As 'n bank is ons nie geskik om sagteware te voorsien nie en daarom moet die verkoop van die intellektuele eiendomsreg na 'n tussenparty bespoedig word. Dit sal verhoed dat ons bank se betrokkenheid met agterdog deur plaaslike banke bejeën word. Wanneer dit bewerkstellig is en die finale implimenteringsfase is voltooi teen Maart 2001, kan ons beweeg na die opwindende taak om afgeleide modelle te ontwikkel wat sal voldoen aan wyer sektor-behoeftes.

Includes abstract.
includes biblioraphical references.
This thesis examines the intellectual property (IP) protection of the functional aspects of e-commerce business methods, which are embedded in the methods' underlying computer programs. It considers how South Africa can achieve an equitable balance between creators' interests in securing remuneration and attribution for, and users' interests in securing affordable access to, these methods. The thesis' primary perspective is that of users, and its arguments centre on the position of small and medium sized enterprises that provide accommodation in the tourism sector (accommodation SMEs).

У тезах визначено негативні тенденція до зниження інноваційної активності українських підприємств In the theses, a negative tendency has been identified for reducing the innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises

This study consisted of two distinct research phases, performed within the context of the South African Council for Science and Industrial Research (and its current and potential research alliances). The purpose of the study was to develop a decision making model that would enable strategists at publicly financed research and development organisations to analyse and predict governance mode decisions, as well as select optimal governance mode structures (ranging from quasi-market structures, such as once-off contracts, to quasi-hierarchy structures, such as research joint ventures) for research alliances. During the qualitative first phase, the study aimed to identify impact domains within South Africa’s new Bayh-Dole-like Intellectual Property Rights legislative framework that consists of the Intellectual Property Rights from Publicly Financed Research and Development Act, as well as the Technology Innovation Agency Act, which could potentially influence research alliances (based on the Transactional Cost Economics, Resource-based View and Real Options Approach perspectives) with publicly financed research and development organisations. This was followed by the quantitative second phase, which attempted to verify the validity of a value-mediated governance mode model that included the highest ranked impact domains identified during the first phase as formative indicators for the perceived Intellectual Property Rights regime strength uncertainty factor. A qualitative online survey amongst senior managers at the Council for Science and Industrial Research, followed by Theme Extraction combined with Constant Comparative Method analysis, as well as a weighted frequency analysis, constituted the research methodology employed during the first phase’s identification and ranking of impact domains within the South African legislative framework. This phase demonstrated that the highest ranked impact domains (primarily driven by the Transactional Cost Economics perspective) included the choice of Intellectual Property Rights ownership, state walk-in rights on undeclared Intellectual Property, and benefit-sharing policies for the creators of Intellectual Property. The second phase consisted of a quantitative online survey, distributed amongst current and potential research alliance partners of the Council for Science and Industrial Research, followed by Structural Equation Modelling of a value-mediated governance model that included, amongst others, the perceived Intellectual Property Rights regime strength as an uncertainty factor. This phase revealed not only that the impact domains identified during the first phase could be used as formative indicators of the perceived Intellectual Property Rights regime strength, but also that stronger perceived regimes are positively related to the preference for quasi-hierarchy research alliance governance modes. Furthermore, it established that the expected value of a research alliance, which was shown to be positively influenced by the strength of the perceived Intellectual Property Rights regime, acted as a mediating factor on the relationship between the perceived Intellectual Property Rights regime strength and the preferred research alliance governance mode. Keywords: Bayh-Dole, Formative Indicators, Intellectual Property Rights, Research Alliances, Real Options Approach, Resource-based View, Quasi-Market Governance Modes, Quasi- Hierarchy Governance Modes, Structural Equation Modelling, Transactional Cost Economics, Value-mediated Governance Model. Copyright
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

The principal purpose of this study is to provide a refined empirical investigation concerning country-specific determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade (IIT,) in relation to South Africa using the gravity model of trade in a panel data setting. Prior to investigating the case of South Africa's intra-industry trade a critical review of the relevant theoretical, methodologcal, and empirical literature is provided. The study operationalises the theoretical dstinction between horizontal and vertical IIT using the latest methodology of decomposing total IIT into horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIq and vertical intra-industry trade (WIT,). Thts study makes several advances on earlier empirical studies of intra-industry trade determinants. These include the introduction of new countq-specific determinants of intraindustry trade that previous studies have not examined. Furthermore, it is the first empirical study that traces the relationshp between intra-industry trade flows and intellectual property rights (IPRs). Moreover, to ensure the sensitivity and robustness of the results, several econometric approaches have been used in estimating the gravity model of South Africa's intra-industry trade: the consistent coefficient approach, the fixed effects approach, the random effects approach, and the between effects approach. The econometric results are generally satisfactory in terms of economic interpretation and statistical significance and thus offer new empirical validation to the theoretical explanatory variables. The key findngs suggest the following: the volume of South Africa's IIT has increased during the study period and its WIT exceeds its HIIT. The latter result reflects the nature of South Africa's trade as it imports high valued added products and exports primary and mineral products. South Africa's intra-industry trade and its two components are positively related to market size and standard of living, and negatively related to geographcal distance. Furthermore, separately, the IPRs and the imitation ability of South Africa's tradmg partners are not important factors in determining IIT flows; however, the interaction between them is an important factor. Thts study also reveals South Africa should pursue its intra-industry trade with rest of world concentrating on local industries that produce most competitive varieties, absorbing labor and other resources from the production of other varieties.

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Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
Philosophy

My aim is to find out how to create a 3d character model for a pre-existing live action film, give this character characteristics that match the intellectual property and follow the visual style of the chosen film. For my example in this degree project, I chose Disney's adaption of John Carter of Mars. I used my own pipeline, which is a collection of work methods from different artists, for the creation of the example 3d character model. Though with a limit of bringing the model through the first two steps, as I focus on the constraint of this thesis work. In order to create this model, I researched the universe of John Carter, and the visual style of the film, and from that knowledge I designed a character to create a 3d model of. The finished 3d character model of this degree project was then compared to models from the production of John Carter of Mars, both by the author and through a survey to evaluate the result.

The automotive industry with its highly competitive environment together with high research and development costs is struggling to increase shareholder return. Cross-functional teams are employed to source suppliers which are helping to reduce production and development costs in close cooperation with the other departments. When working in a competitive environment and with external actors, intellectual property becomes increasingly important and organizational effort is directed to increase the generation and usage of such. Patent portfolio analysis is a well-known tool used to extract information from surrounding actors’ patents, which traditionally mainly was used for product development, but has potential to increase gross profit through cross-functional sourcing teams as well.  The purpose of this study is to investigate how to implement and use patent portfolio analysis as a cross-functional tool in the automotive industry. In order to fulfill the purpose, a qualitative case study has been conducted including both qualitative interviews, as well as action research in the form of workshops at the case company. The results were analyzed using a tailored framework denominated the system integration model which is a combination of the technology acceptance model and the managing strategy framework. The systems integration model was developed and validated by the researchers during the research process. The research result shows that patent portfolio analysis has a high perceived usefulness but a low actual system use within the studied company, especially in the sourcing department. The main barrier to use patent portfolio analysis cross-functionally was that the intellectual property strategy was not yet fully communicated and linked to the different departments’ objectives. There were also barriers found in the communication between- and the understanding of- each other’s departments, which could be reduced by increased education and promoting clear contact points and guidelines. The final conclusion of this research was that patent portfolio analysis likely could be used cross functionally to map the competitive landscape and increase gross profit by protection innovations through product development and sourcing.
Fordonssektorn kännetecknas av höga utvecklingskostnader och en konkurrenskraftig marknad där aktörerna strävar mot vinst till aktieägare. För att ge en hög avkastning till aktieägarna så arbetar man i tvärfunktionella team för att minska produktion och utvecklingskostnader samt för att anlita de bästa leverantörerna. Att arbeta i en konkurrenskraftig miljö med externa aktörer gör att immateriella rättigheter blir allt viktigare och företag satsar därför stora resurser för att detta ska hanteras på rätt sätt. Patentportföljanalys är ett välkänt verktyg för att extrahera information från omgivande aktörers patent, vilket traditionellt främst har använts i produktutveckling, men även har potential att öka bruttoresultat genom ett effektivare samarbete över avdelningar i tvärfunktionella inköpsteam. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur man implementerar och använder patentportföljanalys som ett tvärfunktionellt verktyg inom fordonssektorn. För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförts genom kvalitativa intervjuer och workshops vid det undersökta företaget. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av ett skräddarsytt ramverk som forskarna för denna undersökning benämnt som ”the system integration model”. Det här ramverket sammansvetsar den välkända modellen ”technology acceptance model” som syftar till att undersöka acceptans av ny teknik och den välkända modellen ”Managing four processes” som handlar om hur man skapar ett strategiskt management verktyg. ”The system integration model” utvecklades och validerades av forskarna i flera steg under studien. Resultatet visar att patentportföljanalys har en hög uppfattad nytta trots att det är låg systemanvändning i det undersökta företaget i dagsläget, särskilt i inköpsavdelningen. Den största barriären för användandet av patentportföljanalysen verkar vara att företagsstrategin för immateriella rättigheter ännu inte har kommunicerats och kopplats till de olika avdelningarna fullt ut. Det noterades även barriärer i kommunikationen mellan- och förståelsen för- de olika avdelningarna, vilken kan minskas genom utbildning och tydliga kontaktpunkter och riktlinjer. Den här undersökningen indikerar ytterligare på att patentportföljanalys är användbart i tvärfunktionella team då det ger möjligheten att kartlägga konkurrenslandskapet, säkra produkt- och eftermarknadsexklusivitet och förbättra leverantörsavtal, vilket i sin tur kan öka bruttovinsten.

Дисертація присвячена вирішенню важливої наукової проблеми – підвищенню ефективності управління інтелектуальною власністю підприємства шляхом упровадження логічної моделі управління інтелектуальною власністю на засадах процесного підходу. Обґрунтовано концептуальну модель управління інтелектуальною власністю підприємства на основі системного підходу. Узагальнено та розвинуто існуючі підходи до класифікації чинників, які впливають формування інтелектуальної власності, виділено складові системи управління інтелектуальною власністю підприємства. Обґрунтовано необхідність застосування процесного підходу в управлінні інтелектуальною власністю підприємства та розроблено логічну модель процесу управління інтелектуальною власністю на засадах процесного підходу. Розроблено систему оцінювання ефективності управління інтелектуальною власністю. Виявлено основні проблеми формування інтелектуальної власності підприємств кабельної промисловості та розроблено напрямки вдосконалення системи управління інтелектуальною власністю підприємств кабельної промисловості. Запропоновано методичні підходи до реалізації моделі управління інтелектуальною власністю на засадах процесного підходу.
Диссертация посвящена решению важной научной проблемы – повышению эффективности управления интеллектуальной собственностью предприятия путем внедрения логической модели управления интеллектуальной собственностью на основе процессного подхода. Для этого уточнено содержание категорий «интеллектуальная собственность предприятия» и «управление интеллектуальной собственностью предприятия», а также их роль в обеспечении инновационного развития предприятий. На основе системного подхода предложена концептуальная схема управления интеллектуальной собственностью предприятия, основанная на выделении субъекта и объекта управления и определении их взаимосвязей, определены основные задачи управления, принципы и функции. На основе практических подходов усовершенствована классификация факторов, оказывающих влияние на процессы формирования интеллектуальной собственности предприятия. Выделены основные составляющие системы управления интеллектуальной собственностью предприятия, определены их характеристики, выявлен характер взаимосвязей между составляющими системы управления и факторами, воздействующими на процессы формирования интеллектуальной собственности. Выявлены недостатки существующей системы управления интеллектуальной собственностью предприятия и обоснована необходимость применения процессного подхода в управлении указанными процессами. Рассмотрены основные концепции управления в рамках процессного подхода, определены их преимущества и недостатки, обоснована целесообразность применения в управлении интеллектуальной собственностью. Построена логическая модель управления интеллектуальной собственностью предприятия на основе процессного подхода и рассмотрено содержание каждого этапа управления. Выявлены проблемы коммерциализации объектов интеллектуальной собственности, разработаны направления решения данных проблем. Разработаны методические подходы по построению комплексной системы оценивания эффективности управления интеллектуальной собственностью предприятия. Выделены критерии эффективности, характеризующие отдельные составляющие системы управления. Разработаны показатели эффекта и эффективности, позволяющие оценивать результативность составляющих системы управления интеллектуальной собственностью. Определена целесообразность использования таксономического анализа в исследовании эффективности управления интеллектуальной собственностью предприятий. Проведен анализ формирования интеллектуальной собственности в наукоемких отраслях производства. Определено значение кабельной промышленности как перспективной наукоемкой отрасли для активизации процессов формирования интеллектуальной собственности. Определены тенденции развития кабельной отрасли, выявлены проблемы формирования интеллектуальной собственности в данной отрасли и определены основные направления решения этих проблем. Проведен анализ эффективности управления интеллектуальной собственности на примере предприятий кабельной промышленности в соответствии с выделенными критериями, рассчитаны интегральные коэффициенты эффективности управления. На основе таксономического анализа проведено ранжирование предприятий кабельной промышленности по эффективности отдельных составляющих управления интеллектуальной собственностью. Исследованы показатели эффекта, характеризующие систему управления интеллектуальной собственности предприятия. Предложены организационные решения по повышению уровня управления по отдельным составляющим системы управления интеллектуальной собственности. Разработаны рекомендации по применению модели управления интеллектуальной собственности (на примере предприятий кабельной промышленности). Результаты исследования составляют научно-практический базис формирования системы управления интеллектуальной собственности на основе процессного подхода.
The thesis is devoted to solving important scientific problem – the efficiency of enterprise intellectual property management through the introduction of a logical model of intellectual property management based on the process approach. A conceptual model of intellectual property management of an enterprise on the basis of the systematic approach is grounded. The existing approaches to classification of factors influencing the formation of intellectual property are generalized and developed; components of the system of intellectual property management of enterprise are distinguished. The necessity of applying the process approach to intellectual property management of a company is proved;a logical model of intellectual property management on the basis of the process approach is developed. The system of evaluating the effectiveness of intellectual property is elaborated. The basic problems of cable industry companies’ intellectual property formation are identified and the ways of improving the intellectual property management system of cable industry companies are developed. Methodical approaches to implementing intellectual property management model based on the process approach are proposed.

The continuous advances and prevalence of embedded systems, being systems consisting of both hardware and software put together, provides a great challenge for industrial companies. Due to the increasing need of complex products to meet the demands of customers, companies more often need to source software from external suppliers. Software has the characteristic of being a product which is difficult to specify as it has the ability to iteratively update itself according to the changing environment, making it hard to determine precisely what it will look like at the beginning of its development. As a result, traditional waterfall contracts, for which the intention is to set clear specifications early on, are often not suitable for developing systems including software. Therefore, the need for flexible contracts, called agile contracts, among industrial companies is emerging to support new technological applications. The purpose of this thesis was to examine what the main challenges are when implementing agile contracts in industrial companies who are purchasing embedded systems, and how these challenges can be mitigated or rectified. This was done by an empirical study in the form of interviews with various relevant actors. Firstly, employees from an industrial company looking to implement agile contracts within its procurement processes to support its embedded system purchases were interviewed. The respondents expressed their concerns and perceived challenges with introducing agile contracts to their business. Then, to answer the challenges interviews were conducted with people who were knowledgeable within the topic of agile contracts. Also, a benchmark, a literature review and a theoretical framework have been performed to analyse previous findings within this research area. This thesis identified nine main challenges being Risk Management, Payment Model, Time Aspect, Communication, Embedded Systems, IP-Rights, Supplier Management, Mindset & Knowledge and Future. Each of these challenges was answered separately, but it was found that some answers overlapped between different challenges. The most prevalent challenge was regarding communication, as a successful relationship built on sufficient collaboration and trust lays a foundation for all the other challenges to be managed more easily. Another recurrent theme was that all involved parties must understand precisely what an agile contract implies in order to make beneficial decisions to manage all the challenges.
De kontinuerliga framstegen för inbyggda system, som består av både hårdvara och mjukvara sammansatt innebär en stor utmaning för industriella företag. På grund av det ökade behovet av mjukvara för att möta kundernas efterfrågan behöver företag köpa in mjukvara från externa leverantörer. Mjukvara är svårt att specificera eftersom det har förmågan att iterativt uppdatera sig själv i enighet med den förändrade miljön. Detta gör det svårt att i ett tidigt skede av ett projekt fastställa exakt hur produkten ska vara utformad. På grund av detta är traditionella kontrakt, som ofta följer vattenfallsmodellen för vilken avsikten är att tidigt sätta tydliga kravspecifikationer, sällan lämpade för att köpa in inbyggda system. Därav uppstår behovet av agila kontrakt bland industriföretag för att stödja nya tekniska tillämpningar. Syftet med denna avhandling var att undersöka vilka de huvudsakliga utmaningarna är gällande att implementera agila kontrakt på ett industriföretag som köper in och utvecklar inbyggda system samt hur dessa utmaningar kan bemötas. Detta gjordes i form av en empirisk studie med relevanta aktörer, främst inom ett industriföretag som avser att implementera agila kontrakt i sin inköpsprocess för att effektivisera inköp av inbyggda system. Först intervjuades medarbetare som idag köper in inbyggda system. Dessa fick uttrycka sina tveksamheter och utmaningar kring att implementera agila kontrakt i sin inköpsprocess. Efter det utfördes mer strukturerade intervjuer med kunniga personer inom agila kontrakt med målet att hitta lösningar till de tidigare identifierade utmaningarna. Dessa intervjuer i kombination med en litteraturstudie, ett teoretiskt ramverk och en benchmark användes för att analysera och besvara de identifierade utmaningarna. Denna avhandling identifierade nio huvudsakliga utmaningar från de explorativa intervjuerna; Riskhantering, Betalningsmodell, Tidsaspekt, Kommunikation, Inbyggda System, IP-Rättigheter, Mentalitet & Kunskap samt Framtid. Dessa utmaningar har alla blivit besvarade separat men det fastställdes tidigt att de finns tydliga överlappningar mellan utmaningarna. Den vanligaste överlappningen var angående kommunikation då en framgångsrik relation byggd på samarbete och förtroende lägger grunden för att alla andra utmaningar lättare ska kunna bemötas och lösas. Ytterligare ett återkommande tema var att alla parter måste förstå exakt vad ett agilt kontrakt innebär och hur det fungerar för att kunna fatta rätt beslut och hantera övriga utmaningar.

Le droit de la propriété industrielle peut apparaître comme un droit assez récent dans le pay-sage juridique français, mais ce présupposé n’est qu’un leurre. Sa présence est attestée dès le commencement des pratiques artistiques et artisanales pendant l’Antiquité. La prise de conscience de son existence et de son utilité au sein de la société a toutefois été exacerbée au XVIIIe siècle, notamment lors de la révolution française de 1789, moment de sa construc-tion et de sa reconnaissance juridiques.Le droit de la propriété industrielle, à partir des événements révolutionnaires devient en effet l’enjeu d’une élaboration aussi bien intellectuelle que juridique. De nombreux débats de la part des créateurs et inventeurs font rage auprès des institutions politiques afin que ce droit soit reconnu et normalisé. L’aboutissement de ces combats intellectuels, grâce aux multiples ré-flexions de la doctrine et de la jurisprudence transforme le droit de la propriété industriel en un droit normatif s’inscrivant dans l’ordonnancement juridique.Au-delà de cette organisation législative, le droit de la propriété industrielle est également le sujet de nombreuses interrogations quant aux circonstances politiques et économiques qui ont permis son éclosion. Le droit de la propriété industrielle se module selon l’ensemble des lois, des jurisprudences, de la doctrine, de la politique et de l’économie qui tente de lui donner des structures juridiques stables. Il s’affirme comme un droit protéiforme, dont la portée na-tionale relative aux inventeurs et aux créateurs dans la reconnaissance de leur droit, prend une dimension internationale, aspirant à organiser et harmoniser les relations économiques des Nations
: The right of the industrial property seems like a recent right in the French legal landscape, but this assumption is wrong. Its presence was confirmed as of the beginning of the artistic and artisanal practices during the Antiquity. The awakening of its existence and its utility wi-thin the company however was intensified at the XVIIIth century, in particular at the time of the French revolution of 1789, during the moment of its legal construction and its recognition.The right of the industrial property, starting from the revolutionary events became the chal-lenge of an intellectual development as well as a legal development. Many debates on behalf of the creators and inventors show rage regarding the political institutions, so that this right is acknowledged and standardized. The result of these intellectual combats, thanks to the mul-tiple reflections of the doctrines and jurisprudence transforms the patent right into a normative right falling under legal scheduling.Next to this legislative organization, the right of the industrial property is also the subject of many interrogations as for the political and economic circumstances, which allowed it's blos-soming. The right of the industrial property modulated according to the whole set of laws; ju-risprudences; the doctrines; politics and economics, tries to give him stable legal structures. He affirms himself as a protean right, whose national range relating to the inventors and the creators in the recognition of their right, takes an international dimension, trying to organize and harmonize the economic relations of the Nations

碩士
逢甲大學
科技管理研究所
99
The development of semiconductor industry is growing with the advancement of the technology, so the trend of IC design is focusing on the development of system-on-chip (SoC) in seeking of efficiency improvement. However, due to the increasing of the complex designing IC and the requirement of productivity cannot keep up the Moore’s Law, the provider should apply silicon intellectual property (SIP) more effectively. Using modular method can reduce designing time and the time to market of product with improving the competitiveness. There are many kinds of factors to affect SIP transaction, and one of the most indispensable factors is price. For instance, in the process of the SIP trade seller and buyer usually need a long time to negotiate the SIP price. As a result, it will affect the time to market. It is a major issue to present the real value of SIP specificity. Therefore, this study discuss with the SIP pricing model. By debating the traits of various kinds of SIP and pricing model. Using simulation to find the different pricing strategy fits in the specific trade situation so that the SIP provider has the maximum excepted revenue.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
92
Since 90s the advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology and the "system on a chip" design concept have brought a big change in IC Industry. IC Design business has dis-integrated into three major business entities: IC product design, IP component, and design service. Each business entity formulates their business portfolio differently. For example, in the IP-related business entities, some companies focus only on IP business, some companies provide a mix of design service, IP and EDA tool service, and some IP providers have been merged or acquired. It is then the goal of this research to explore the underlying business patterns of these IP-related business entities. In this research, 35 IP providers were taken as the samples companies and classified into six patterns, which are (1) IP vendors who provide Star-IP or specialized techniques, (2) IP vendors who provide IP components with multiple functions, (3) IP vendors who provide EDA tools as their core business, (4) IP vendors who provide design service and turnkey service as their core business, (5) IP vendors who focus on IP and design service, and (6) IP vendors or their IP department that have been acquired or merged. Next, history of each IP providers was collected. Correlation between their business model changes with economic events or technological changes was then constructed. With the Transaction Cost Theory and Institutional Economics Theory, causalities underlying these IP business model changes were provided. In addition, 28 quasi-propositions have been proposed based on these correlation data and theories. Managerial implications to the IP-related business were then provided.

碩士
國立中興大學
企業管理學系所
94
This study examined the effects of business model of Taiwanese R&D service industry divided by “relative activity” and “resource construction” on business performance with the intellectual property firms as an example. First, this study searched the corporate attributes according to the factor analysis and found out the six factors named cost-oriented” , ”need-oriented”, ” differentiated service”, ” intangible asset construction”, “tangible asset construction” and “human resource construction”, then a cluster analysis was made to divide all companies into three groups based on their attributes. Finally, this study examined the difference of business performance between the three groups and the moderating effect of internalization and business model by using AVONA-analysis. The results of this study show that: (1) The business model can be clustered as market-oriented type, technology-oriented type and mix type. (2)The companies belong to market-oriented type and technology-oriented type presented better financial performance. As the result, this study provides several suggestions for the intellectual property firms in the business model in order to assist the organization with pursuing maximum effect.

碩士
東海大學
會計學系
100
In the era of knowledge economy, intellectual property (IP) is the key element of competitive advantage. In recently Taiwan enterprises patent application and certified numbers increases year by years, but commercialization of the outcome is still limited. Therefore, the IP business model will be an important issue in the future. This is a case study research. The theory and model based on by Chesbrough open innovation combined with types of the licensee, the types of strategy and life cycle identification form IP business models. The development of IP management experience to the ITRI, explain the application of practices of the IP business model. The important findings are as follows：First, the development process of IP business model, IP has been treated as operating assets. By the set of technology transfer center dedicated units, transformed into strategic out-licensor. Second, building The Patent Auction public bidding determines the price, combined with other R & D institutions, schools and businesses to promote the trading of IP. Third, by the recognition of the IP life cycle, according to the emerging, growth / maturity and decline, in sequence as new ventures, licensing /theme patent assignment and general patent assignment of application basis. Finally, an offensive strategy in the face of the infringer, safeguarding legal rights and obtain compensation income.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
92
With the advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology and the trend of “System on a Chip”, “Intellectual Property (IP)”, which is reusable IC design component, has become an important concept in IC design industry. Since 90s, IC design industry has gradually disintegrated into three major businesses: IC product design, IP component, and design service. Since most IP providers have different IP technology and core competences, more and more IP providers start to collaborate with one another in order to obtain complementary resources or abilities to provide complete IC design solutions to customers. A trend of “horizontal collaboration” has been happening. The goal of this research is then to explore how each IP provider collaborates with one another under the new business paradigm. Seventeen IP providers were first selected as the sample companies and classified into four patterns of business models, which include (1) IP vendors who provide Star-IP or specialized techniques, (2) IP vendors who provide IP components with multiple functions, (3) IP vendors who provide EDA tools as their core business, and (4) IP vendors who provide design service and turnkey service as their core businesses. Within the four patterns of business models, five representative IP providers are further chosen as the focus of case study and in-depth interviews were conducted within these five companies. Through interviews and information collection of these five companies, we found that the most common horizontal collaboration model in IP industry is the collaboration between two companies to provide a complete solution to customers by combining complementary IP services such as EDA tools, core IP technology and design service. During the collaboration process, however, some difficulties might occur before and after the contract stage. We used Transaction Cost theory to explain why the collaboration will mostly occur and how to solve the difficulties during the collaboration process. At last, twelve quasi-propositions are proposed which can be used for the future validation research directions.

碩士
國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
106
With the advent of the knowledge economy and the internet era, the innovation and intellectual property rights (IPR) have become more and more important for the company in order to maintain its competitiveness. Thus, the transaction market of intellectual property rights has also been expanded and different types of operations and roles of IPR are also developed along with the change of time. However, there are still many problems in the current industry of intellectual property rights,. This study analyzes the actual operation of the current service providers for intellectual property rights and realizes their key successful and failure factors by virtue of literature discussion, IPR industry analysis and business model. Through analyzing each content of nine items in the business model and the research results, the business model, the strategic positioning and specific practices of the intellectual property right platform are proposed. Via the online and offline operational integration of one-station platform with the combination of big data and block chain technology, a matchmaking transaction is provided for value continuity and delivery so as to effectively shorten the time, manpower and cost of transaction, expand the IPR transaction area, and provide the intellectual property rights platform with specific implementation recommendations for various services. Thus, the service providers for intellectual property rights can create their better value and benefit in value chain activities of intellectual property rights, and develop a long-term cooperation and good interaction with their customers. At the same time, they can also create the value of intellectual assets for their customers.

碩士
國立交通大學
科技法律研究所碩士在職專班
105
Although “Patent valuation” and “damage compensation” may seem like one concept, they are actually different from each other. Some commonalities do exist between them, yet they are not exactly the same. This empirical study comments that the focus of patent valuation is the future revenues that are created by its exploitation. On the other hand, damage compensation deals with matters that happened in the past and is limited to compensating a patentee’s damages in a patent infringement case. This paper empirically analyzes that damage compensation means evaluating patent values in the past, with research on two lawsuits filed by Industrial Technology Research Institute (“ITRI”), which are No.156 of 2010 first-instance civil case regarding the Patent Act in Taiwan Intellectual Property Court (“Case I”), and No. 2 of 2005 second-instance civil cases regarding the Patent Act in Taiwan High Court (“Case II”). The awarded compensations consist of 3 million NT dollars in “Case I” and 2 million NT dollars in “Case II”, respectively, and these numbers are significantly below ITRI’s expectation of over 20 million NT dollars in Case I and 4 million NT dollars in Case II. These award judgments verify the accuracy of the perspective expressed above. Through technological innovation and industrialization, ITRI has established more than one hundred innovative technology platforms that possess differentiative functions to: (i) boost cooperation among the upstream, midstream and downstream industries, among international leading enterprises, or among those with various resources and expertise, and to (ii) develop new products and capture business opportunities of within one to two years. In addition, ITRI has been endeavoring to strengthen the integration between forward-looking technology and interdisciplinary technology. By means of transferring technology, providing value-added IP services, setting up open-labs and incubation center, and actively promoting and nurturing start-ups, ITRI has been expediting development of industrial technology and cultivating emerging high-tech industries. The operation modes of intellectual property rights, such as creating start-ups, licensing inventive products, contracting patent generation, and licensing patent portfolios, are relatively more successful. Such modes also provide profound industrial value in facilitating enterprises’ investments on research, development and production, and in fostering emerging industries. From quantitatively analyzing 627 technology and patent license agreements from one laboratory in ITRI, it is concluded that the technology readiness level (“TRL”) is directly proportional to the average license fee per agreement, with strong positive correlations. With a TRL of 7, the average license fee per agreement in five years reaches 2.3 million NT dollars. This verifies that the exploitation of licensed patents places particular emphasis on values from future development and values from its demand in the market. Four research methods are utilized in this paper: (i) literature collection, analysis and comparison, (ii) empirical legal analysis, studying infringement cases in Taiwan Intellectual Property Court, district courts, and high courts with ITRI as the plaintiff, (iii) quantitative analysis through studying technology license agreements from one laboratory in ITRI in recent five years to reveal the relationship between technology transfer results and TRL, and (iv) conducting in-depth interviews for qualitative research with five practitioners, including a chief judge of Taiwan Intellectual Property Court, an intellectual property rights advisor from industry, an IP manager in a research institute, a senior chief financial officer of a start-up, and an appraiser in an information technology company. Through the above empirical study, it is concluded that “patent valuation” and “damage compensation” may appear to be the same to the general public, but they differ in their starting points of valuation. Additionally, this paper points out their difference in scope, as evidenced by court decisions of ITRI’s cases and by qualitative interviews. In summary, this paper suggests that ITRI take the inventive operation modes of intellectual property rights as its main focus, supplemented by litigation or damage compensation, to reinforce patents. In addition, the government shall consider altering the current method of assessment towards patent exploitation of research institutes in order to fulfill potential values of patents and far-reaching influences of research institutes.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業管理組
96
ABSTRACT At the beginning of 20th century, the semiconductor industry followed the Moore’s law to evolve innovation paradigm shift. By reforming from previously closed vertical integration into new opened, horizontal collaboration of the industrial eco-system, new business model emerged including SIP provider, fabless IC design company and foundry. In the 21st century, the trend of IC design moves into SoC (System On a Chip) era. The SIP industry rides on the horizontal collaboration eco-system to build entire SIP value network. The evolution of the historical semiconductor industry has shown that the open innovation and the open business model are two major driving forces for future growth. This research thoroughly discussed and analyzed the current critical issues and challenges encountered by SoC concept, including 1) Time to Market; 2) Total system cost saving; 3) Reduce design risk; and 4) SIP re-usage. Meanwhile, this thesis focuses on two leading SIP providers, ARM and Rambus, and conducts a case-based analysis of business models, operating achievements, finance performances, and the key success factors of pure-play SIP providers. The attribute of pure-play SIP providers, which is asset-light and technology-rich, differ from the rest of semiconductor industrial supply chain with the characteristic of capital intensity and economic scale. This paper employs the framework of open innovation and open business model from SIP providers and further analyze the essential six functions of business model. The purpose of this thesis is to probe the sustainability of business model for pure-play SIP providers. The central business logic of SIP providers is to leverage their limited corporate resources and maximize the IP value, build a critical dependence of win-win eco-system, and utilize unceasingly open innovation idea into enterprise management at different level including business model, strategy, organization, marketing and finance and so on. The conclusion and suggestion of this paper should be able to apply to other SIP providers and provide the leads for future opportunity and direction of SIP industry development.

碩士
國立政治大學
智慧財產研究所
98
Due to the limited deposits of fusil energy, the safety and environment protection of energy use ate the most two crucial issues among the countries. After decades of development, alternative energy commercialization successfully started in developed countries. Nevertheless, it’s still not material enough comparing to the energy consumption now days. However, the effect of the energy efficiency technologies is far more practical for developing countries that do not have enough budget for alternative renewable energy research and development. With effective energy management, the Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) can reduce significantly the waste of energy and the influence to the environment while mitigate the impact of the economical growth of emerging countries. ESCOs profit from the energy conservation of their clients by enhance the energy efficiency in various categories including utilities, government, industrial and commercial sectors. According to present study, European countries and Japan in Asia have already developed outstanding environmental friendly policies both in public and private sectors. On the other hand, highly energy consumption country like United States and rapidly growing China just started to deal with this global warming problem and hopefully can still maintain the economy growth at the same time. Undoubtedly, we face the same issue here in Taiwan. As a result, this study is trying to gather and analyze information about ESCO industry in United States, China and Taiwan from three aspects, governmental policies, industry environment and intellectual property strategies to conclude as well as raise opinion and suggestion about the future development of ESCOs. This study concludes in following opinion and suggestion, 1. ESCOs shouldn’t emphasize all their resources to conduct Solar and Wind power technologies instead of energy efficiency technologies. 2. Learn the track of ESCOs in United States and focus on the market in China. 3. Aggressively develop intellectual property strategies about ESCO related subjects in China. 4. Introduce the concept of “Centralized Energy Management System” and encourage innovation of law carbon discharge and high efficiency technologies. 5. Develop ESCO model in residential application. 6. Develop creative fund raising tools for ESCOs. 7. Invest in education and training program related to ESCO industry.

碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院經營管理學程
100
This study combines the model from Lee and Gaertner (1994) in University Research Commercialization and R&D types, and constructs a conceptual research framework. Through the random analysis of Runs test, this study discovers that the input of government funding is lack of strategic planning and objectives (p-value=0.7436、0.9595、0.1103、0.0633). This study uses data acquired from a certain national university which has been commercializing its intellectual properties, and concludes that for academic and research institutions, it is necessary to actively build strategic industry-university system, and develop value-added from professionals. This is also the most optimal business model for research institutions to commercialize its own intellectual properties.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
92
This thesis is to discuss the Business Model and Competitive Strategy on Taiwan Semiconductor Intellectual Property Industry. Michael Porter’s Five Forces Framework of Industry Competition, Industrial Value Chain and the Key Success Factor (KSF) analysis methods are referred for the study. While investigating the complicated competition environment in Taiwan Semiconductor IP Industry, the competitors are inclusive of Electrical Design Automation (EDA) Tool Providers, SIP Design, ASIC Design & Service, Layout, Fabless IC Design, Wafer Foundry and Assembly & Testing. The “Disintegration Strategy” has become the trend for the expertise need in the industry chain; however, the companies are pursuing continuous growth throughout Vertical Integration by Strategic Alliance, Licensing, or Merge & Acquisition strategy. This thesis is to study the SIP industry business model and competitive strategy from the competition and cooperation (Copetition) among the SIP companies in Taiwan Semiconductor Industry, trying to analyze and figure out the competitive advantages and critical success factors of SIP companies. The scope is to focus on SIP industry in Taiwan. Two methods are referred to proceed the study, one is to survey industry by applying questionnaires, and the other one is to perform an in-depth interview to the company management of in SIP industry in Taiwan. The questionnaire is following Michael Porter’s Five Forces Framework to analyze the intensity of competition among suppliers (EDA Tool Providers and Wafer Foundry Houses), Buyers (Fabless IC Design & System Houses), Substitutes (FPGA & ASSP Providers) and New Entrants. On the other hand, the in-depth interview will be performed by the method of Value Chain to analyze the success case to the top one SIP Design Service Company in Taiwan -----Faraday Technology Corporation. The result of study reveals that most of SIP Companies in Taiwan are about small capital size as low as NT$300M, however, the company numbers are relatively as many as 20 and more. Due to the strong competition, the SIP companies in Taiwan tend to be the big one, becomes bigger and stronger. However, the SIP companies are lacking of bargaining power to the wafer foundry houses, therefore, the best strategy is to closely cooperate with them. For the limited design resources in SIP companies who tend to grasp the Unique or Star IP by licensing from IP providers to support the customers, Fabless IC Design Houses and System Houses, and not directly compete with them. The conclusion of this study is that the SIP companies should focus on ASIC & SoC Design Service as the major business and extend to strengthen the IP design capability to support the ASIC Design business, to maintain and develop the close relationship with both foundry house and system house to achieve the System Application Oriented design service strategy. To create the SIP add-on value, the SIP Companies should participate the SIP Plat-Form Based Design Association、 IP Mall and Strategic Alliance with IP Providers to enable the companies to support international customers by providing Turn Key & Complete Solutions. Keywords: SIP Industry、 Competitive Strategy、 Value Chain、 Key Success Factor、 Disintegration、 Vertical Integration、 Strategic Alliance、 Co-petition、 Competitive Advantages、 Five Force Framework、 Competition Intensity、 Turn Key Solutions.

碩士
元智大學
企業管理學系
93
A procedure is：This thesis develops the comparison and industry of its domestic and international Silicon intellectual property (SIP) business model analytical, mainly is for responding knowledge-based economy for times of the approach and the market variety that competes continuously and quickly, industry's needing a continuous change and renewing can do response quickly with the fast change of match the times. However the management strategy of the enterprise, lie in the best combination of the resource. Pure and each section benefit inside the organization pile up, no longer being applicable to the operation of the transnational corporation, having however through the replication of [with] knowledge and creating knowledge-based economy to remunerate of pass and increase result, target the development management ability of the company in the technique innovation, full usage foreign help, trade through the technique of platform (the IP MALL), obtain the most suitable technique information quickly, let the product appear on market(the Time to Market) immediately, the enterprise can reach the biggest investment repay by all means. Because of the successful mode in the semi-conductor industry development in Taiwan, make to also have certain reputation and success in the whole world, but also brought the manufacturer of the other counties to also want to come to divide into a cup of thick soup, so, to my country manufacturer's threat also the day increases more. In light of this, the government expands the chip system a science and technology project in 2000, its main target is to become Taiwan from the global IC manufacturing center increase to have the high and additional and worth SoC design center, however have the IC design servicing business of the Silicon intellectual property (SIP) development and system on chip (SoC) design to become the government point development namely of industry. The Taiwanese SIP industry is much concentrated Be designing servicing business, and it is successful the key factor lies in the establishment, SIP of the SIP database to obtain an ability and identifies the accuracy and time limited efficacy and cooperates with an industrial to trade mode etc. factor is vitally related. The IP really is the important key factor of "the semi-conductor can continue to maintain high growth in 21 centuries", however the newly arisen silicon intellectual property industry's have no can avoid ground also wanting to face some obstacles and challenge, for example, almost have no an IC company to own the well-found Silicon intellectual property, as a result develop of does the problem include how to obtain a Silicon intellectual property outwardly? How is business Silicon intellectual property? How obtain an enough Silicon intellectual property? How insure the compatibility of the Silicon intellectual property manufacturing process? The compatibility of[with] the different source Silicon intellectual property design? How does the Silicon intellectual property promoter promise its product quality etc.. For a the problem that cause, the global Silicon intellectual property the manufacturer all raises to think a counter plan actively, then promoting the industry change, however this also is this study nasty want to inquire in to resolve of some problem places. In this research, oneself with the city has a rate for the high conduct and actions wants to inquire into namely of object, adopt two domestic and well-known companies and three foreign well-known companies, total five companies to be used as a research object, in advance advanced line the thorough interview of those two companies after, again with strategy management in of idea, be used as analytical or foundation, and the data search of result, will all the data do one sorting with compare and analyze out domestic and international company of good and bad power and key success factor, end again with strategy group turns map with difference of concept to distinguish analysis these five companies to lie in some businesses or trade mode etc. the dissimilarity of the item, take into compare out it the difference of, will also aim at SIP, the industry give domestic and international industry of analysis and suggest, and the individual cases of these five companies analysis, do one thorough analysis. But sees currently according to situation, the Taiwanese IC designs the direction development that the operator want go toward SIP, still has a demand to work hard of space, in addition to the domestic SIP trades the industry environment still in the construction, the IC designs an operator whether the ability puts taste far, the SIP see as can put into of realm is also a problem place. With be a researcher and speech, this research mainly is the integrative analysis that hopes by the actual interview experience and data, comparing out the domestic and international company of the dissimilarity of a business model and the analysis of the strategic group, and differentiation map etc., then provides a domestic manufacturer to be used as reference policy of operate the mode, make it be able to know the competitive advantage and threat of Taiwan from it why, end, and do not only expect to this research to can contribute a personage to is used as a reference to the industry, also the ability is used as a reference while do thesis to the academic circles.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
服務與科技管理研究所
100
P&G is one of the world''s largest consumer goods companies and it has 23 well-known brands. Study showed that P&G’s brands and patent management systems had been supporting each other, including R & D, product development, market research and marketing planning. This case study of P&G analyzed patents and trademarks in U.S. market in the period of 2001 to 2010, and it was found that P & G employed a series of mergers and acquisitions to strengthen the development of complementary techniques and to enter the new product areas. The acquisition of affiliated companies Gillette and Iams were part of new industries’ penetration and development, compensated P & G’s shortage. P & G''s largest patent family consisted of 1501 patents, and the niche marke were located in Europe, China, the United States and Japan. P & G''s patents also penetrated into Western Europe and some developing countries in Asia, perfectly reaching the targets by the corporation set up in the annual report. Additionally, according to the analysis by Alpha Class and Digest, it was verified that P & G had a higher research and development capability in the U.S. Patent Classification 068 and 424. Finally, the most significant feature of the P & G trademark strategy was that the early design of the trademark remained sustainably today. The trademark of 1980s underwent the reconstruction and were given up most of them. Instead, colorful trademarks were appealing in 2000s .

碩士
淡江大學
產業經濟學系
91
Yang and Maskus (2001) developed a dynamic general-equilibrium model of the product cycle to study the effects of stronger intellectual property rights(IPRs) in the South on incentives of firms in the North to innovate and to license advanced technologies. We are in agreement with their assumption, including innovation activities by leading firms in the North and licensing by licensee firms which all produce one-level lead products. However, different from Yang and Maskus (2001), we consider the existence of imitation firms in the South and make interest rate nearly equal to zero to be closer to the reality. The imitation rate is assumed to be exogenous and a function of the degree of IPRs protection rate in the South. Because of adding the imitation sector, the results are different from Yang and Maskus’ in our model. The effects of stronger South’s IPRs protection rate on all endogenous variables become ambiguous. For instance, the stronger IPRs protection in the South has uncertain effect on the innovation in the North. This is because the stronger IPRs in the South will increase the licensing rent for the licensor firms in the Noth, and make them more willing to innovate, while the stronger IPRs also decrease the imitation rate and make the Northern firms have less incentive to innovate since now they can keep their leadership without innovation easily. These two opposite effects result in the ambiguous innovation in the North when the South improves its IPRs protection, and then all of the ambiguous outcomes in the other variables. However, if the assumption of a very high degree of IPRs protection or no imitation is applies in the South, the same conclusions as in Yang and Maskus (2001) can be drawn. The North’s innovation and licensing will both be raised, because now there exists only the positive effect from the increasing licensing rent, which makes the Northern firms more willing to innovate as well as to licensing. Therefore, the manufacture sector in the North declines and the licensee sector in the South enlarges. Although Yang and Maskus (2001) did not discuss the effect of stronger IPRs protection on the North to South relative wage and and the consumer’s expenditure, this paper found that they both rise.

碩士
輔仁大學
國際創業與經營管理學程碩士在職專班
107
Since the knowledge economy has prevailed since the 19th century, intelligent capital has been a topic that scholars are keen to explore, and it is more inseparable from intellectual property rights.And innovation in modern times has been regarded as a dominant science, a competitive advantage, enterprises to innovate, employees should also have a high degree of innovation, so intelligent capital and innovation strategy has been affecting the business model of enterprises, the purpose of this study is to explore the current innovative business operators, intelligent capital investment and its innovation strategy and business model of the relevance , That is, how the operators through the use of intellectual property rights and their innovative strategies, so that technological inventions and pictorial trademarks and other intellectual property rights to create relatively excellent benefits. Based on the intellectual property rights operation and innovation strategy map, this study understands its understanding and operation of smart capital through interviews with innovative business operators and specialized service providers, and summarizes the similarities and differences. in conclusion. Biotech (innovation) industry is mostly highly professional intellectuals, so it pays special attention to the protection of its own technology, and hopes to protect the technology and take the lead in marketing in the future, so it will pay attention to intellectual property rights in the early stage of business. Investing, the level of education does affect the early patent layout of the innovation industry, and will concentrate resources on applying for invention patents in future target markets and sales and manufacturing locations. The study also found that intellectual property rights have no direct attack and defense at the beginning, and competition has direct benefits to biotech (innovation) operators, but it does help fundraising and public relations announcements to prove their research and development capabilities and improve future customers. The willingness to act as a distributor and influence the strategy of entering the national market. In summary, the intellectual property has a great influence on the business model. No matter at which stage, it has its importance, and it can also timely remind the innovation business operators at all stages. In addition to the intellectual property rights system that has been implemented for many years, the government departments have also established a complete ecosystem through cooperation between the research institutes and the industry. In recent years, the Ministry of Economic Affairs has also begun to promote the certification of the intellectual property personnel of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The intangible assets appraisers of the bureau hope that young students can know more about the intellectual property rights industry. This study also hopes that under such a discussion, it can enhance the cognition and application of intellectual property rights by innovative business operators.

In the last 20 years, linguists and community members engaged in fieldwork with endangered languages have become increasingly aware of and vocal about the ethical dilemmas that potentially can, and often do, arise in work of this nature. One result of this can be seen in the reconceptualization of best practices and methodologies in linguistic fieldwork. There is a strong push towards collaborative, community-driven, and interdisciplinary forms of research, and a concomitant shift in the roles taken on by academic and community-based researchers. The shifts in roles in turn have led academics and community-members to rethink the responsibilities associated with these roles. The purpose of this thesis is threefold: firstly, to provide a description of a highly collaborative, community-driven project involving, as one of its components, the documentation of language associated with Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK); secondly, to consider and illustrate how the relative roles of academics and community participants have shifted and thirdly, to discuss responsibilities associated with the protection of the TEK documented through this work – knowledge that would not have been documented to the same extent if the project had not been collaborative and community-driven. These topics evolved from the knowledge and guidance of Kʷakʷaka'wakʷ Clan Chief Kʷaxsistalla (Adam Dick), as well as the ethnoecological/linguistic projects that this thesis is centred on. I propose that a) collaborative research that is community-steered can be supported by the Community-Based Language Research model developed by Czaykowska-Higgins (2009), b) within this emerging research framework unconventional research roles can be assumed by all participants, c) it is important to respect and protect the Traditional Ecological Knowledge recorded in research with Indigenous experts, and d) existing systems of Intellectual Property fall short in adequately protecting and respecting TEK. I conclude this study by relating these issues to larger movements occurring within linguistics and social science and humanities research in general. I suggest a move away from subscribing to the Intellectual Property system, and towards approaching language research through a human rights framework. The result of this thesis is an analysis of collaborative community-based language research with and within an Indigenous community in Canada. It will contribute to the ongoing discussions and evaluations of changing roles and responsibilities in field research in linguistics.
Graduate

碩士
國立政治大學
智慧財產研究所
96
This research aims to discuss the intellectual property management in automotive industry. For a long time, the value chain of automotive industry is controlled by the automotive manufactures. Specification and plant certification are different according to each manufacture’s requirement, such as market, regulations, safety and so on. However, it needs to takes lots of time and money to be the one of the automotive family. This expensive prolonged process involves high technology, investment and man-power. Besides, the international market becomes open under the influence of many global economic organizations, for example WTO. Therefore, the Taiwan’s suppliers are the threatened by not only the US or European’s suppliers, but also the China or India suppliers with cheaper labor cost and raw material. Taiwan’s suppliers had abundant experiences, including R&D, know-how and customer relationship management. However, those intangible properties were ignored for a long time by most suppliers and the information was not treated as important trade secrets and preserved properly. Those suppliers are situated in a crucial moment. From one side, the prices competition becomes intensified in the market. From the other side, without proper preservation, there will be a gap of professional technology in the company. Therefore, this thesis will focus on how to promote Taiwan manufacture industry on the basis of the abundant experiences of Taiwan and develop a route into the blue ocean strategy. This research will be focus on the automotive suppliers. We will apply alloy wheel industry as case study. The thesis will describe how a company can pass the certification and participate in the group of automotive family. Besides, the discussion will connect product R&D, wheel structure, and production technology to brand management. How to make innovations into intellectual property and the IP management would be the main concerns of this research. Before the discussion on the wheel industry, we will need to know about the current condition of automotive industry. A. The automotive industry The research discovers that the automotive market were controlled by the biggest ten automotive manufactures due to company merger and acquisition. The action of merge and acquisition can increase the market share and the brand value and bring new product technology by sharing trademark and resource to the manufactures. The merger and acquisition by manufactures also changes the supplier’s situation and bring suppliers the following success in the future: 1. The supplier increase the sales due to new market expanded. 2. The supplier could decrease the management cost of specification and certification due to the merger and acquisition between automotive makers. 3. The supplier increases its market share due to the manufacture’s merger. Besides, China and Indian will become the biggest market of automotive industry because of the economic growth in both countries. B. The supply chain of automotive industry is long and complicated. The sales channels of automotive components can be divided into two ways, OEM and After Market. This research will explain the different certification and collaboration between those two ways and apply alloy wheels as case study. The automotive industry is a highly vertical integrated industry from the raw material management to product logistic. This research will elaborate the automotive supply chain and further discuss the value chain between tier 1 and tier 2. We will also discuss about how to manage the supply chain and to create profits from the value chain. It can be done through the decrease of the exchange cost, the purchase low-risked components, the vertical integration of industry and the joint venture. C. The intellectual property management in alloy wheel industry In this research, the patent strategy, marketing management and market share of each alloy wheel manufacture will be analyzed to elaborate the patent situation of alloy wheel industry. Form the analysis, we can find that over-filing patents in some American alloy wheel manufactures caused the disclosure of trade secret to their rival companies. On the other hand, some Taiwan suppliers ignore the protection of intellectual property. As a result, their core competence will not be developed. This research will choose two famous alloy wheel companies, Super Alloy and Rosta as case study. Both companies are typical companies of traditional manufacturers in Taiwan. From the analysis of the two cases, we can understand the position of Taiwan’s suppliers of the world. The Rosta Group has been in the alloy wheel industry over 30 years. It maintains its international business through the connection with foreign manufactures. Except for the customer relationship, the excellent foundry technology is well-recognized by its customers. However, in past 10 years, China and Indian suppliers offer cheaper price by their lower manufacturing cost. The low cost strategy brought the impact of the market share and original profits of Rosta Group. The research will analyze the Rosta Group by SWOT. The advantage of Rosta group will be its abundant experience and excellent production technology. How to transform the intangible capital into the profitable intellect property will be the main concern of this case study. The thesis suggests to choose the products of higher production technology and high profits, to well apply the trademark value or to offer technology consulting for new suppliers who want to start its alloy wheel business. The conclusion will be a advice of the market strategy for Rosta Group to differentiae from China suppliers. The Super Alloy was a manufacture of golf iron head in the beginning. In 2003, it started its automotive business. The Super Alloy is strong at its forge technology. It was also chosen as the best 50 profit private companies in 2008. How to maintain the competency and manage the intangible asset would be the key point of this case study. Though the concept of intellectual property has been promoted for years, it is more practiced in the high technology industry. For the alloy wheel industry, the know-how of design, structure and production technology was not maintained and managed properly. It is suggested that the wheel suppliers should develop an intellectual property management and apply it in marketing strategy. Through the case study, the thesis will try to build a complete managing process of intellectual property, step by step, including protection of core technology and marketing strategy of business model. Besides, the trade secret management, the patent management, the management and promotion of trademark will also be involved in discussion.

No
The relationship between the academy and the business community is currently perceived to be important to the future of both parties. Universities provide graduates to meet the needs and requirements of society and industry, and the latter supplies products and services to meet the needs of the market place. Whether public or private, industry increasingly seeks to use tools and techniques that increase efficiency and effectiveness, whilst at the same time maximizing quality and minimizing cost. The current trend towards companies outsourcing their R & D requirements to reduce corporate overheads and optimize staffing levels means that Universities can utilize the opportunity and bid to supply this expertise. Universities also generate their own spin-outs from intellectual property they create, as well as licensing technology to industry, rather than transferring it. However, the relationship between university and industry is not without its challenges, chief of which is the historical commitment of the academy to advance knowledge whether it is directly applicable or not. In addition, there are many fundamental and important long term research issues that many would argue are the primary duty of the academy to address, which may have no direct application in the short to medium term. This is resulting in increasing tensions in the academy, and in the priorities for national and international funding agencies. There can also be significant cultural differences and reward models between the academy and industry which give rise to difficult issues for staff at the interface. This chapter reviews the current developments and the issues at the interface between business and the academy.

The objectives of this study were to establish various practices of indigenous knowledge (IK) commonly used in the Dlangubo village, and methods and tools used in managing IK; to determine ownership protocols and what they know about the South African (SA) intellectual property (IP) laws; to explore the role of libraries and information and communication technologies (ICTs) in managing IK and, lastly, what model can be developed for the management of IK in the Dlangubo village, in KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. In order to gain more insight about the problem studied, the socialisation, externalisation, combination and internalisation (SECI) model of knowledge management and the diffusion of innovation (DoI) model were adopted. The SECI model helped in understanding the modes of knowledge creation and transfer that were used in managing IK in the area of study. The DoI model was important in understanding the perceptions of the community about the South African intellectual property (IP) laws, the libraries and the ICTs in managing IK. This study used the constructivist theoretical underpinning and adopted the qualitative approach in order to inquire in depth and explore the studied phenomenon in the natural setting of the Dlangubo village. This approach allowed the researcher to engage in an in-depth interviewing process with the participants in order to explore IK management challenges and then get empirical evidence about the area studied. Flowing from the qualitative approach, the grounded theory (GT) was adopted because it uses the systematic inductive approach to inquiry followed by a constant comparison of categories in order to generate theory, which is grounded in data of the sampled participants of the Dlangubo village The findings of the study indicated that the practices that were predominantly used in the area of study included agricultural crop farming and livestock keeping, the initiation of girls into adulthood and beadwork. The in-situ preservation strategies were more common than the ex-situ preservation strategies. Most of the respondents indicated that they acquired IK through apprenticeship of family line. The majority did not have knowledge or had insufficient knowledge about the South African IP laws. In addition, they were not using the libraries and the ICTs in managing their IK. The model that was recommended was to have the cultural information centre where they can sit together and share their IK and skills, and market their finished products.
Information Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)