Academic literature on the topic 'Integrity-PCR'
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Journal articles on the topic "Integrity-PCR"
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Perkin, L. C., B. Oppert, S. Duke, and C. P.-C. Suh. "Assessment of DNA Integrity From Trap-Captured Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) for Use in a New PCR-Based Diagnostic Tool." Journal of Economic Entomology 114, no. 3 (April 22, 2021): 1321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toab073.
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Abstract The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of commercial cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in the southern United States and throughout Central and South America. Efforts are underway to develop a PCR-based diagnostic tool that can be used to rapidly and accurately differentiate boll weevils from other weevil species that are commonly captured in pheromone traps. However, the quantity and integrity of weevil DNA must be sufficient for a successful PCR assay. Currently, active eradication programs service traps weekly, but post-eradication programs service traps at 2- or 3-wk intervals. Consequently, captured weevils may be dead, dismembered, and exposed to environmental conditions for prolonged periods which may adversely affect the quantity and quality of weevil DNA. We documented DNA quantity and integrity in boll weevils and weevil body parts aged in traps over a 3-wk period under field conditions. The quantity of DNA extracted from whole weevils, heads, abdomens, and legs generally remained sufficient (> 1 ng/μl) for successful PCR amplification throughout the 21-d period. The integrity (fragment length) of extracted DNA declined over time but generally was sufficient (> 700 bp) for successful amplification. PCR amplification of three marker genes validated that the quality and integrity of DNA extracted from dead weevils and individual weevil body parts aged in traps up to 21 d remained at sufficient levels for the PCR-based assay. However, our data also suggested that rain events may accelerate degradation of weevil DNA.
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Du, Xiongwei, Hongjie An, Bo Jin, Liangyu Meng, and Qingdai Liu. "Carbon Nanotubes Altering Specificity of Repeated PCR and DNA Integrity Properties." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 5547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.8874.
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Bergerová, E., Z. Godálová, and P. Siekel. "Combined effects of temperature, pressure and low pH on the amplification of DNA of plant derived foods." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 29, No. 4 (August 10, 2011): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/217/2010-cjfs.
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The effect of food processing on the DNA integrity was studied by means of PCR amplification of soybean, transgenic MON 810 and non-transgenic maize, bean, and pea. The degree of DNA degradation was checked by PCR and visualised by agarose gel electrophoresis. The conditions of technological treatment such as temperature, pH, pressure, and their combination may negatively influence the integrity of DNA in processed foods and hence PCR detection of food components. The DNA over 300 bp was amplifiable when mild processing parameters up to 100°C were performed at approximately neutral or low acidic pH. The autoclaving (12°C; 0.1 MPa) significantly reduced the size of amplifiable DNA in the time dependant manner and that was intensified by acidic pH. The maximum amplicons length achieved for highly processed matrices was 300 bp. The major impact on the DNA integrity was exerted by the combination of pressure, temperature, and low pH.
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Frasquilho, Sonia G., Ignacio Sanchez, Changyoung Yoo, Laurent Antunes, Camille Bellora, and William Mathieson. "Do Tissues Fixed in a Non-crosslinking Fixative Require a Dedicated Formalin-free Processor?" Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 69, no. 6 (May 19, 2021): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/00221554211017859.
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We evaluate the consequences of processing alcohol-fixed tissue in a processor previously used for formalin-fixed tissue. Biospecimens fixed in PAXgene Tissue Fixative were cut into three pieces then processed in a flushed tissue processor previously used for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks (neutral buffered formalin [NBF]+ve), a formalin-free system (NBF−ve), or left unprocessed. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry were compared using hematoxylin/eosin staining and antibodies for MLH-1, Ki-67, and CK-7. Nucleic acid was extracted using the PAXgene Tissue RNA/DNA kits and an FFPE RNA extraction kit. RNA integrity was assessed using RNA integrity number (RIN), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (four amplicons), and quantitative RT-PCR (three genes). For DNA, multiplex PCR, quantitative PCR, DNA integrity number, and gel electrophoresis were used. Compared with NBF−ve, RNA from NBF+ve blocks had 88% lower yield and poorer purity; average RIN reduced from 5.0 to 3.8, amplicon length was 408 base pairs shorter, and Cq numbers were 1.9–2.4 higher. Using the FFPE extraction kit rescued yield and purity, but RIN further declined by 1.1 units. Differences between NBF+ve and NBF−ve in respect of DNA, histomorphology, and immunohistochemistry were either non-existent or small in magnitude. Formalin contamination of a tissue processor and its reagents therefore critically reduce RNA yield and integrity. We discuss the available options users can adopt to ameliorate this problem:
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Raja, Siva, Jesus Ching, Liqiang Xi, Steven J. Hughes, Ronald Chang, Wendy Wong, William McMillan, et al. "Technology for Automated, Rapid, and Quantitative PCR or Reverse Transcription-PCR Clinical Testing." Clinical Chemistry 51, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.046474.
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Abstract Background: PCR-based assays can improve clinical care, but they remain technically demanding and labor-intensive. We describe a new instrument, the GeneXpert®, that performs automated nucleic acid isolation, reverse transcription, and fluorescence-based quantitative PCR in ∼35 min. Methods: Yield and integrity of RNA isolated on the GeneXpert were compared with Qiagen-based extraction for parallel samples (5-μm frozen tissue sections). The reproducibility of automated RNA isolation, reverse transcription, and quantitative PCR was determined by replicate (n = 10) analysis of 10 tissues, using duplex (target and endogenous control) reverse transcription-PCR reactions for two gene combinations. The GeneXpert was then used to perform rapid analysis of lymph nodes from melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer patients and analysis of melanoma metastatic to the lung, primary lung adenocarcinoma, and healthy lung tissue. Results: On the GeneXpert, RNA was recovered in slightly over 6 min, and the yield was ∼70% of that from parallel Qiagen reactions. The RNA integrity was comparable to that of Qiagen-isolated RNA as determined by gel electrophoresis. For the melanoma samples, the 95% prediction interval for the ΔCt for a new measurement was ±1.54 cycles, and for breast cancer samples, the interval for a newly observed ΔCt was ±1.40 cycles. GeneXpert assays successfully detected the presence of metastatic melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer in lymph nodes and also differentiated among metastatic melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and healthy lung. Conclusions: RNA yield and integrity on the GeneXpert are comparable to benchtop methods. Reproducibility of the GeneXpert data is similar to that seen with manual methods in our hands but may need improvement for some applications. The GeneXpert can perform RNA isolation, reverse transcription, and quantitative PCR in ∼35 min and could therefore be used for intraoperative testing when applicable.
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Fleige, Simone, and Michael W. Pfaffl. "RNA integrity and the effect on the real-time qRT-PCR performance." Molecular Aspects of Medicine 27, no. 2-3 (April 2006): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mam.2005.12.003.
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Gorzelak-Pabis, Paulina, Emilia Luczak, Katarzyna Wojdan, Karolina Antosik, Maciej Borowiec, Marlena Broncel, and Maciej Chalubinski. "Endothelial integrity may be regulated by a specific antigen via an IgE-mediated mechanism." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3800.
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Background: Human vascular endothelial function and integrity may be regulated by many non-specific factors. However, the potential influence of specific antigens via an IgE-mediated mechanism remains unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the expression of the IgE receptors FcεRI and FcεRII in the human vascular endothelium and to assess their relevance in the IgE-mediated regulation of endothelial integrity.Material/Methods: FcεRI and FcεRII expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was genetically assessed by PCR with respective primers and sequencing. HUVEC were cultured with IL-4, and changes in FcεRI and FcεRII mRNA expression were analyzed by real-time PCR. Changes in the integrity of endothelium pre-treated with anti-BSA-DNP IgE following exposure to the specific BSA-DNP antigen was assessed using the Real-time Cell Electric Impedance Sensing system (RTCA-DP).Results: PCR and sequencing revealed the expression of FcεRI and FcεRII receptors in the human vascular endothelium. IL-4 caused respective 2- and 3-fold increases in FcεRI and FcεRII mRNA expression. Exposure of endothelium pre-treated with anti-BSA-DNP IgE to specific BSA-DNP antigen led to a 20% increase of endothelial integrity (p<0.05) after 24 hours, but only in cells pre-incubated with IL-4.Conclusions: The presence of FcεRI and FcεRII may allow the human vascular endothelium to respond to a specific antigen by increasing its integrity via an IgE-mediated mechanism.
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Oakey, H. Jane. "A Universal Test to Determine the Integrity of RNA, and its Suitability for Reverse Transcription, in Animal Tissue Laboratory Specimens." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 19, no. 5 (September 2007): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870701900501.
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Degradation of RNA in diagnostic specimens can cause false-negative test results and potential misdiagnosis when tests rely on the detection of specific RNA sequence. Current molecular methods of checking RNA integrity tend to be host species or group specific, necessitating libraries of primers and reaction conditions. The objective here was to develop a universal (multi-species) quality assurance tool for determining the integrity of RNA in animal tissues submitted to a laboratory for analyses. Ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) transcribed from the mitochondrial 16S rDNA was used as template material for reverse transcription to cDNA and was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As mitochondrial DNA has a high level of conservation, the primers used were shown to reverse transcribe and amplify RNA from every animal species tested. Deliberate degradation of rRNA template through temperature abuse of samples resulted in no reverse transcription and amplification. Samples spiked with viruses showed that single-stranded viral RNA and rRNA in the same sample degraded at similar rates, hence reverse transcription and PCR amplification of 16S rRNA could be used as a test of sample integrity and suitability for analysis that required the sample's RNA, including viral RNA. This test will be an invaluable quality assurance tool for determination of RNA integrity from tissue samples, thus avoiding erroneous test results that might occur if degraded target RNA is used unknowingly as template material for reverse transcription and subsequent PCR amplification.
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Cédile, Oriane, Sólja Remisdóttir Veyhe, Marcus Høy Hansen, Kjell Titlestad, and Charlotte Guldborg Nyvold. "Investigation of circulating DNA integrity after blood collection." BioTechniques 71, no. 5 (November 2021): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2020-0167.
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Method summary Concentrations of circulating DNA in blood plasma were compared using NanoDrop, Qubit, quantitative PCR and Bioanalyzer, and DNA integrity was evaluated with the Bioanalyzer according to the time of plasma preparation.
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Didelot, Audrey, Steve K. Kotsopoulos, Audrey Lupo, Deniz Pekin, Xinyu Li, Ivan Atochin, Preethi Srinivasan, et al. "Multiplex Picoliter-Droplet Digital PCR for Quantitative Assessment of DNA Integrity in Clinical Samples." Clinical Chemistry 59, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.193409.
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BACKGROUND Assessment of DNA integrity and quantity remains a bottleneck for high-throughput molecular genotyping technologies, including next-generation sequencing. In particular, DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues, a major potential source of tumor DNA, varies widely in quality, leading to unpredictable sequencing data. We describe a picoliter droplet–based digital PCR method that enables simultaneous detection of DNA integrity and the quantity of amplifiable DNA. METHODS Using a multiplex assay, we detected 4 different target lengths (78, 159, 197, and 550 bp). Assays were validated with human genomic DNA fragmented to sizes of 170 bp to 3000 bp. The technique was validated with DNA quantities as low as 1 ng. We evaluated 12 DNA samples extracted from paraffin-embedded lung adenocarcinoma tissues. RESULTS One sample contained no amplifiable DNA. The fractions of amplifiable DNA for the 11 other samples were between 0.05% and 10.1% for 78-bp fragments and ≤1% for longer fragments. Four samples were chosen for enrichment and next-generation sequencing. The quality of the sequencing data was in agreement with the results of the DNA-integrity test. Specifically, DNA with low integrity yielded sequencing results with lower levels of coverage and uniformity and had higher levels of false-positive variants. CONCLUSIONS The development of DNA-quality assays will enable researchers to downselect samples or process more DNA to achieve reliable genome sequencing with the highest possible efficiency of cost and effort, as well as minimize the waste of precious samples.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Integrity-PCR"
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Garlan, Fanny. "Nouvelles méthodes de détection de l'ADN tumoral circulant par PCR digitale en gouttelettes : application au suivi des patients." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB108/document.
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L’ADN tumoral circulant (ADNtc) porte des altérations spécifiques de la tumeur des patients, qui sont détectables par un acte minimalement invasif. L’ADNtc représente donc un biomarqueur d’intérêt pour le suivi de l’évolution du cancer. Sa détection requière une technique hautement sensible et quantitative. Dans ce contexte, ce travail de thèse a porté sur la quantification et le suivi de l’ADNtc par PCR digitale en gouttelettes (PCRdg). Cet outil permet la détection d’altérations à l’échelle d’un ADN unique, offrant ainsi une sensibilité allant jusqu’à 0.001%. La détection de cet ADNtc a été réalisée par l’évaluation des biomarqueurs tels qu’une mutation spécifique de la tumeur, la fragmentation de l’ADNtc et l’hyperméthylation de séquences cibles. D’une part, nous avons observé que chez les patients atteints de cancer, l’ADN muté circulant est plus fragmenté que l’ADN non muté, et que cet ADN circulant de patients est globalement plus fragmenté que chez les sujets sains. D’autre part, une corrélation entre les pourcentages d’ADN muté et d’ADN hyperméthylé circulants a été observée au cours du suivi de patients. Ceci suggère la possibilité d’un suivi précis et quantitatif de l’ADNtc par l’évaluation de l’hyperméthylation en alternative à la détermination du statut mutationnel. Nous avons ensuite appliqué nos tests de détection de l’ADNtc dans le cadre de deux études cliniques. L’étude PLACOL, incluant 82 patients atteints de cancer colorectal métastatique, a permis de mettre en évidence deux facteurs pronostiques : un seuil de 0.1 ng/mL et la mesure de la pente de décroissance de la concentration en ADN muté ou hyperméthylé circulant. Dans la seconde étude, portant sur le mélanome métastatique dans le contexte d’une thérapie ciblée (vémurafenib), une corrélation inverse entre les concentrations d’ADNtc et de vémurafenib a été observée. Ces résultats suggèrent le potentiel clinique de l’ADNtc pour l’orientation thérapeutique des patients atteints de cancer avancéCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carries tumor-specific alterations that are detectable by minimally invasive sampling. It represents a highly pertinent marker for cancer monitoring during patients’ follow-up. CtDNA detection requires a highly sensitive and quantitative technique. In this context, this project focused on ctDNA quantification and monitoring by picoliter-droplet digital PCR. Thanks to the compartmentalization in millions of picoliter droplets, this tool allowed the detection of single DNA molecule with a sensitivity reaching 0.001%. Testing of ctDNA was performed through the evaluation of different potential biomarkers: specific mutations, ctDNA fragmentation, and hypermethylation of target sequences. On one hand, we observed in cancer patients that ctDNA is more fragmented than wild-type DNA, and, globally more fragmented than circulating DNA in healthy individuals. On the other hand, a strong correlation between percentages of hypermethylated and mutated DNA was observed during the follow-up of patients. Such results suggest the feasibility to precisely and quantitatively monitor ctDNA by the evaluation of hypermethylation as an alternative to the determination of mutational status. We have applied such ctDNA detection strategies in the context of two clinical studies. The PLACOL study, enrolling 82 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, allowed to highlight two prognostic factors: a ctDNA concentration threshold of 0.1 ng / mL, and the evaluation of ctDNA decreasing slope. In the second study, ctDNA was monitored in 11 melanoma patients in the context of a targeted therapy (vemurafenib). An inverse correlation between the concentrations of vemurafenib and ctDNA was demonstrated. These results suggest the clinical relevancy of ctDNA in advanced cancer patients, for the optimization of therapeutic management
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Normand, Camille. "La rhinοpneumοnie équine : caractérisatiοn mοléculaire et cellulaire de l'herpèsvirus équin 4, un mοdèle d'étude pοur l'appοrt de cοnnaissances dans la pathοgénie de la maladie, la survie et l'intégrité du virus ainsi que l'identificatiοn de mοlécules antivirales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC405.
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Jusqu’en 1981, l’herpèsvirus équin 4 (HVE-4) et l’HVE-1, responsables de la rhinopneumonie, étaient considérés comme deux sous-types d’un même virus. Il a depuis été démontré que l’HVE-4 était très peu impliqué dans les avortements et son implication dans la forme nerveuse de la maladie n’est pas démontrée à ce jour. C’est probablement la raison qui fait que ce virus est moins étudié que l’HVE-1. Ce travail de thèse a porté sur trois aspects importants de la rhinopneumonie chez le cheval afin d’apporter de la connaissance sur l’HVE-4 et d’évaluer l’intérêt d’utiliser ce virus comme modèle. Nous avons pu démontrer en comparant deux épizooties dans deux haras au profil vaccinal différents et en mesurant l’excrétion d’HVE-4 et la virémie par qPCR, l’apparition de séroconversions, l’intérêt de la vaccination. Si la contamination se fait essentiellement par contact, l’impact de la survie du virus dans l’environnement doit être étudiée. Nous avons montré que l’HVE-4 pouvait survivre au moins 28 jours à 4°C dans l’eau mais également sur différentes surfaces. Nous avons aussi développé une méthode d’integrity-PCR pour différencier les virus infectieux des virus non infectieux. Enfin, nous avons criblé un nombre de molécules importants par RTCA et démontré l’efficacité de plusieurs d’entre elles dont la décitabine pour laquelle nous avons réalisé une étude préliminaire du mode d’action par une analyse transcriptomiqueUntil 1981, equine herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) and EHV-1, which cause rhinopneumonitis, were considered to be two subtypes of the same virus. Since then, it has been shown that EHV-4 is only marginally involved in abortions, and its involvement in the nervous form of the disease has not yet been demonstrated. This is probably why this virus is less studied than HVE-1. This thesis focused on three important aspects of rhinopneumonitis in horses in order to gain a better understanding of EHV 4 and to assess the value of using this virus as a model. By comparing two epizootics at two stud farms with different vaccination profiles and measuring EHV-4 excretion and viremia by qPCR, we were able to demonstrate the benefits of vaccination and the appearance of seroconversions. Although contamination occurs mainly through contact, the impact of the virus's survival in the environment needs to be studied. We have shown that EHV-4 can survive for at least 28 days at 4 °C in water and on various surfaces. We have also developed an integrity-PCR method to differentiate between infectious and non-infectious viruses. Finally, we have screened a number of compounds using RTCA and demonstrated the efficacy of several of them, including decitabine, for which we have carried out a preliminary study of the mode of action using transcriptomic analysis
Book chapters on the topic "Integrity-PCR"
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Pinz, Sophia, Eva Doskocil, and Wolfgang Seufert. "Thermofluor-Based Analysis of Protein Integrity and Ligand Interactions." In Ribosome Biogenesis, 247–57. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2501-9_15.
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AbstractThermofluor is a fluorescence-based thermal shift assay, which measures temperature-induced protein unfolding and thereby yields valuable information about the integrity of a purified recombinant protein. Analysis of ligand binding to a protein is another popular application of this assay. Thermofluor requires neither protein labeling nor highly specialized equipment, and can be performed in a regular real-time PCR instrument. Thus, for a typical molecular biology laboratory, Thermofluor is a convenient method for the routine assessment of protein quality. Here, we provide Thermofluor protocols using the example of Cdc123. This ATP-grasp protein is an essential assembly chaperone of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2. We also report on a destabilized mutant protein version and on the ATP-mediated thermal stabilization of wild-type Cdc123 illustrating protein integrity assessment and ligand binding analysis as two major applications of the Thermofluor assay.
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"Trusted Cloud Computing." In Detection and Mitigation of Insider Attacks in a Cloud Infrastructure, 12–27. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7924-3.ch002.
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This chapter introduces various ideas to deal with insider attacks using the research directions, which are discussed in earlier chapters such as remote attestation, sealed storage, and integrity measurement. Trusted computing dependent on hardware root of trust has been produced by industry to secure computing frameworks and billions of end points. Remote attestation provides a facility to attestation the required platforms using platform configuration registers (PCR), and sealed storage is used to encrypt the consumer sensitive data using cryptographic operations. Integrity measurements are used to measure the given computing components in respective register. Here, the authors concentrated on a trusted computing paradigm to enable cloud service providers to solve the potential insider attacks at cloud premises.
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Embleton, M. Jim. "Reverse transcriptase in situ PCR for RNA detection." In PCR3, 87–102. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636327.003.0005.
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Abstract Most published applications of in situ PCR for amplification of specific nucleic acid sequences in cells or tissues have been for the detection of genes or viruses which are present in low copy numbers or in a minority of the cell population. Detection may be either indirect, for example by hybridizing a labelled oligonucleotide probe to the amplified DNA, or direct, where the product is amplified with labelled oligonucleotide primers. A variety of labels for oligonucleotides have been used in different situations, including fluorescent dyes for direct microscopic visualization (1,2), and ligands such as biotin or digoxigenin (3-5), which can be used for visualization by other means involving enzyme-substrate systems or binding of labelled antibodies. An application of in situ PCR which so far has been less well exploited is the production of cDNA for cloning. For most cloning applications amplification from nucleic acid templates extracted from cells or tissues is perfectly adequate, and is technically easier to achieve than in situ PCR. However, there are some situations in which it is desirable to co-amplify two separate gene sequences within the same cell, and to maintain them in some form of spatial or physical linkage. The options for this are to carry out PCR on single cells isolated from each other (e.g. in single wells of a microtitre plate), or intracellular PCR on a population of cells. Where the target genes comprise a very large heterogeneous pool, it is impractical to establish huge numbers of single-cell PCRs. A method was therefore devised to perform the PCR in situ on a population of fixed and permeabilized cells which maintained their integrity throughout the process, and to arrange for the amplified sequences to be linked physically within the cells so that they could be recovered in the combinations originally expressed by the cells (1). The specific purpose of this technique was the rescue and linkage of immunoglobulin variable region (V) genes from a population of B lymphocytes containing a multitude of different rearranged immunoglobulin genes, in order to prepare libraries encoding recombinant antibody fragments representative of the original repertoire.
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Krzyściak, Wirginia, Marta Szwajca, Paulina Karcz, Aleksander Turek, Natalia Śmierciak, Amira Bryll, Paulina Mazur, et al. "Myo-inositol’s Role in Understanding the Pain Perception in Patients with Schizophrenia." In New Approaches to the Management and Diagnosis of Schizophrenia [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005244.
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The molecular explanation for the changes in pain perception in schizophrenia lies in nerve inflammation. The decrease in inositol, mainly localized in glial cells, can support these changes. There are also significant alterations in the viability and functioning of neurons, which are linked to a significant reduction of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA). Our study demonstrates significantly increased myo-inositol levels in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. An increase in the myo-inositol/sum of the creatinine and phosphocreatinine (Cr + PCr) ratio and NAA levels additionally supports the notion of inositol’s beneficial impact on brain metabolism and neuronal integrity, which is particularly relevant to schizophrenia’s neurodegenerative changes. However, varying NAA/Cr + PCr ratios indicate a complex interaction between the brain’s inositol level and energy metabolism or neurochemical balance. These findings highlight inositol’s potential role in modulating neurochemical profiles in schizophrenia. Furthermore, high inositol levels are linked to significant reductions in trauma-related symptoms in schizophrenia, as indicated by the International Trauma Questionnaire and the Child Trauma Questionnaire. Inositol’s potential to mitigate trauma effects, and enhance social functioning and its multifaceted role in schizophrenia, offers a promising avenue for further research into its therapeutic applications.
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Panwar, Gautam, Ankur Vashishtha, Navdeep Singh, and Salender Singh. "BACTERIAL LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF CLINICAL SAMPLES." In COMPENDIUM OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY. NOBLE SCIENCE PRESS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9789388996846.nsp2023.eb.ch-07.
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Bacterial infections encompass a diverse array of diseases, each with unique clinical presentations and implications. Accurate and timely diagnosis of these infections is essential for effective patient management, infection control, and antimicrobial stewardship. This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate process of bacterial laboratory diagnosis, highlighting critical steps and methodologies. Starting with the collection and transportation of clinical samples, we underscore the significance of maintaining sample integrity to minimize contamination risks. Precise sample receipt, logging, and preparation are foundational for subsequent diagnostic procedures. Gram staining, a fundamental step, enables the initial classification of bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative, guiding downstream diagnostic decisions. Further processing may be necessitated based on Gram stain findings, with selective media cultivation being central for the isolation of specific bacterial pathogens. In-depth examination of colonial morphology and biochemical tests refines bacterial identification. The chapter delves into the nuances of bacterial identification techniques, ranging from traditional phenotypic assays to advanced molecular methods like PCR and DNA sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing emerges as a pivotal aspect for guiding treatment decisions, and serological tests play a critical role in diagnosing specific bacterial infections. Emphasis is placed on the importance of precise and timely result reporting and the vital role of clinical correlation in interpreting laboratory findings. Looking toward the future, the chapter explores emerging technologies, including automation, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics, poised to revolutionize bacterial diagnosis. These innovations hold the promise of faster turnaround times and enhanced diagnostic accuracy but also bring forth ethical and regulatory considerations. In a medical landscape characterized by ever-evolving pathogens and antimicrobial resistance, the capacity to diagnose bacterial infections with precision remains central to patient care and public health. This chapter provides a comprehensive roadmap for navigating the intricate world of bacterial laboratory diagnosis.
Reports on the topic "Integrity-PCR"
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Qamhia, Issam, Erol Tutumluer, and Han Wang. Aggregate Subgrade Improvements Using Quarry By-products: A Field Investigation. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-017.
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This report presents a case study for constructing aggregate subgrade improvement (ASI) layers using quarry by-product aggregates (QBA), a quarry mix of large primary crushed rocks (PCR) and sand-sized quarry fines. The construction took place at Larry Power Road in Bourbonnais Township in Kankakee County, Illinois, where the Illinois Department of Transportation placed two QBA mixes. The first mix (QBA_M1) consisted of 45% quarry by-products and 55% railroad ballast–sized 3×1 PCR. The second mix (QBA_M2) consisted of 31% and 69% quarry by-products and PCR, respectively. Two conventional ASI sections were also constructed conforming to Illinois Department of Transportation’s CS02 gradation. All sections consisted of a 9 in. (229 mm) QBA/PCR layer topped with a 3 in. (76 mm) dense-graded capping layer. Laboratory studies preceded the construction to recommend optimum quarry by-product content in the QBA materials and construction practice. The Illinois Center for Transportation research team monitored the quality and uniformity of the construction using nondestructive testing techniques such as dynamic cone penetrometer, lightweight deflectometer, and falling weight deflectometer. The segregation potential was monitored by visual inspection and imaging-based techniques. Short-term field evaluation of the constructed QBA layers, particularly QBA_M2 with a 31% quarry by-product content, showed no evidence of abnormal segregation and did not jeopardize the structural integrity of the QBA ASI layers, which had slightly lower but comparable strength and stiffness profiles to the conventional ASI sections. The use of QBA materials in ASI was field validated as a sustainable construction practice to provide stable pavement foundation layers.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien, and Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.
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Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.