Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intégration énergies renouvelables'
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Abdelouadoud, Seddik Yassine. "Intégration des énergies renouvelables au réseau de distribution d'électricité." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0071/document.
Full textMany countries have set up mechanism support in favor of renewable energy development at a short or long term, while, in parallel, long-term scenarios of predominantly renewable energy provisioning are studied. Some of these energies are intermittent and non-dispatchable and, due to the low economies of scale they exhibit, can be deployed in a decentralized manner, integrated in buildings and connected to the distribution system.However, the methods and tools currently used to plan and operate the power system rely on hypothesis of centralized generation and passive distribution network. In this context, this thesis contributes to the development of a method aimed at simulated an active distribution network by proposing three novel approaches: a decomposition and coordination method allowing the integrated simulation of the centralized power system and the active distribution network, an algorithm to solve the single-stage optimal power flow in the distribution system as well as two criticality criteria allowing to decrease the computational burden of the simulation when it is used for planning purposes
Hego, Deveza-Barrau Alexandre. "Droit et intégration des énergies renouvelables : les règles juridiques relatives au développement et à l'utilisation des énergies renouvelables dans le bâtiment." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10066.
Full textThe law and the integration of renewable energies in buildings, within a political context favoring sustainable development and reducing production of greenhouse gases, are closely related subjects which leads us to consider the rules that encourage their implementation - however slowed in some respects - but also legal devices monitoring the use of these energy producing systems. The integration of renewable energies means, for this study, the provision of electricity by photovoltaic systems, and water production through the use of solar panels and geothermal energy. Different devices, such as the obligation to repurchase, taw incentives and subsidies, certificates, labels, the Thermal regulation and the DPE (energy performance diagnostic), seem to be well integrated together in the French legal system despite a few imperfections. On the other hand, planning law, as well as the intervention of the ABF, stands out as a veritable brake on an exponential development. We show that the legal rules which have an immediate impact on management are mainly the laws on co-ownership (condominium) and the rights of leases. The placing of such equipment in condominiums is not easy, neither is it when the property is rented. In leasing the main difficulty lies in the payment for energy by the tenant which can it seems be simply resolved, it is not the same in co-ownership, where difficulties are cumulative. For an appropriate global vision, we should stress that placing equipment providing renewable energy in buildings will certainly induce a 10 year warranty covered by the manufacturers' responsibility and also particularly the 'dommages-ouvrage' insurance
Banjar, nahor Kevin. "Micro-réseau résilient à haute stabilité dynamique en présence d’une intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT093.
Full textThis thesis deals with the stability issues introduced by the interconnection of massive renewables into an isolated microgrid. This research aims to identify the problems related to the topic, the indices to help understand the issues, and the strategy to enhance microgrid stability from the power system point of view.In the first part, a state of the art on the evolution of power stability is addressed. A short history of power system stability since its first identification and how it has evolved is firstly presented. This part also provides a literature review of the power system stability, including its classification, and how it has evolved due to two reasons: the microgrid concept and the trend towards the integration of more inverter-based generation. A review of the practical indices for grid stability assessment is also reported, including the ones that we propose. This part is also useful for analyzing the positioning of this PhD research.The second part of thesis presents the efforts to enhance the dynamic stability of microgrids characterized by massive renewable penetration. The main challenges and the current efforts are reviewed, which have shown that the current solutions focus on maintaining the philosophy of a classical power grid. With the advent of more intermittent energy, the current efforts have proven to be costly. Therefore, a new perspective is proposed. Here, the generating elements and the customers are exposed with higher deviations in voltage and frequency, which are necessary so that that the power equilibrium and the stability of the microgrid can be maintained. This perspective is suitable with the microgrid concept to realize the dream of universal electricity.The concept is then developed into a novel regulation strategy in which the system frequency and voltage are maintained in such a way to keep their ratio essentially constant around 1 (p.u. voltage to p.u. frequency). This strategy can potentially be implemented on all grid forming technologies. The benefits of employing this strategy include assurance that the electrical machinery is not harmed, plug-and-play feature, compatibility with current grid-tied inverter technologies, and no need for fast communication systems. Finally, this proposed strategy is easy to implement and does not require revolution in terms of power system equipment and control. This implementation of this concept provides a very valuable piece of flexibility: time, which enhances the resilience and stability of a microgrid. However, wider frequency and voltage deviations occur and have to be accepted by all the actors within the microgrid. A validation through computer simulations in Power Factory and real-time hardware in the loop experiments has been carried out with satisfactory results
Guiavarch, Alain. "Etude de l'amélioration de la qualité environnementale du bâtiment par intégration de composants solaires." Cergy-Pontoise, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CERG0190.
Full textThe aim of the study is to develop a model, which helps to assess the improvement of the environmental quality of buildings by the integration of solar components. The method was developed according to three steps : prediction of the productivity of building integrated solar components. The models of the three basic solar systems are presented ; prediction of the energy consumption in the building. The thermal model of the building, and the coupling between the building and the solar component is explained; environmental indicators assessment by life cycle analysis. Life cycle inventory databases of photovoltaic systems and solar water systems are collected, and these inventories are then integrated in the life cycle analysis database of the building. The whole package has been applied on several case studies, and a life cycle analysis was performed on each case
Mohseni, Bonab Seyed Masoud. "Contributions à l'amélioration de la performance statique des réseaux T & D intégrés en présence des REDs." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66424.
Full textWith the growing trend of emerging new technologies in distribution networks, such as wind turbines, solar panels, electric vehicles, and distributed generations, the need for simultaneously studying Transmission & Distribution (T&D) networks and their bilateral interactions cannot be overlooked anymore. High penetration of naturally stochastic renewable energy sources may reverse the energy flow which does not fit in the top-down energy transfer paradigm of conventional power systems. Consequently, network study methods such as optimal power flow, unit commitment, and static stability analysis need to be revised. This thesis proposes application of battery energy storage systems (BESS) within integrated T&D framework minimizing the adverse impacts of renewable energy resources. The BESSs can be interpreted as additional flexible equipment, remotely and/or locally controlled, which absorb or release both active and reactive powers and improve the overall efficiency of the complete T&D system from both steady-state and dynamic viewpoints. As a common practice, the integrated T&D framework studies are categorized into either dynamic and steady-state subcases or co-optimization framework and co-simulation framework. Following the same approach, the steady-state analysis is first initiated by a novel voltage stability constrained stochastic optimal BESS allocation (VSC-SOBA) tool. The developed bi-level GAMS-based optimization tool takes into account BESSs and detailed models of stochastic distributed energy resources while minimizing active power losses, voltage deviation, load shedding costs, increasing loadability, and vulnerability mitigation are objective functions. The applicability of proposed tool has been confirmed over large IEEE recognized T&D benchmarks with hundreds of variables and constraints. In the next part, the architecture of co-simulation framework and different key players will be investigated. The objectives of this part are set as: developing, simulating, and solving differential and algebraic equations of each level independently, using existing well-known domain-specific simulators, while externally-interfaced for exchanging data. The interface tool should stablish a robust, reliable, and bilateral data sharing connection between two levels of system. The ideas and proposed methodologies will be discussed. To complete this study, optimal transmission switching (OTS) as a new method for reduction of operation costs is next considered from a security point of view. It is shown clearly that OTS is an effective mean (just like voltage reference or P-Q reference control), which is necessary in the integrated T&D framework to make it useful in dealing with various emerging use cases. To do so without impeding the security of power transmission systems against attacks or natural disasters such as hurricane and outages, a vulnerability oriented stochastic OTS (VO-SOTS) problem is also introduced in this thesis, while considering the loads uncertainty via a scenario-based approach.
Petipas, Floriane. "Conception et conduite de systèmes d'électrolyse à haute température alimentés par des énergies renouvelables." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00873645.
Full textPetipas, Floriane. "Conception et conduite de systèmes d’électrolyse à haute température alimentés par des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0015/document.
Full textPower-to-Gas could become an attractive solution for renewable electricity storage, provided that affordable electrolysers are able to operate efficiently under intermittent conditions. This work aims to assess the technical feasibility of operating intermittently a Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) system around 1073 K. Realistic unfavourable conditions are considered, consisting in a standalone system operated with no external heat source and integrating hydrogen compression to 3 MPa. Two challenges are tackled in this work: i) the system power load range, limited to 60-100% due to thermal gradients, is extended via efficient control strategies, ii) procedures are defined to minimise the impact of the intermittency on the lifetime. First, a modular control strategy is proposed, consisting in the use of several SOEC units which are either operated in a tolerable power load range, or switched off. The system power load range is hence extended to 15-100% in the case of four units. A complementary control strategy, consisting in internal electrical heating, enables to extend the load range by reducing thermal gradients, but it may decrease the lifetime. Thus, it is applied to only one unit for it to follow the load curve and extend the system power load range to 3-100%. Secondly, 1800 on-off electric cycles are applied to an SOEC with no degradation increase, which shows that repeated start/stops do not decrease the lifetime. Start-up, standby and shut-down procedures are also defined. Finally, two case studies of Wind-SOEC and Solar-SOEC systems operated over one year show that, with the implemented control strategies, the SOEC system stores the applied power with an average efficiency of 91% vs. HHV, while units operate under tolerable conditions apart from one unit which follows the load curve and may have a decreased lifetime
Aye, Fouad. "INTEGRATION DES ENERGIES RENOUVELABLE POUR UNE POLITIQUE ENERGETIQUE DURABLE A DJIBOUTI." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605579.
Full textMasra, Succès. "L'Afrique face aux défis de l'économie post-pétrole : du rôle des institutions financières de développement dans la promotion des énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E033.
Full textIn 2015, during the COP 21, on the occasion of the global climate agreement in Paris, Africa committed under the Leadership of the African Development Bank Group (AfDB) and its other technical and financial partners, to install a capacity of 300 GW of renewable energy by 2030. This ambitious target set in the framework of the African Renewable Energy Initiative (AREI) for which AfDB is the executing agency, completes its commitment of the decade 2005-2015, which permitted it to increase the share of renewable energy from 4% to 20% of its energy portfolio. Yet, Africa remains the continent which, despite its strong renewable energy potential (10 TW of solar, 350 GW hydroelectric, 110 GW wind and 15 GW of geothermal potential), is paradoxically characterized by two third of its population (645 millions) without access to modern energy sources (AfDB, 2016). It is in this context of energy emergency in one hand and the need for sustainable energy solutions on the other hand, that our thesis, based on renewable energy projects designed or implemented as Principal Energy Economist within the AfDB over the period 2010-2015, analyzes how AfDB, as the first African Development Financing Institution covering the 54 African countries, can assist this continent to better meet the challenges of the post-oil economy, through a more effective development of renewable energy. This analysis, essentially normative, allows us to achieve a double set of recommendations both internal and external to the AfDB in the perspective of enhanced effectiveness of Official Development Aid channeled by this institution, from the specific angle of the promotion of renewable energy
Vergnol, Arnaud. "Intégration dans le réseau électrique et le marché de l’électricité de production décentralisée d’origine renouvelable : gestion des congestions locales." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0014/document.
Full textDevelopment of wind generation is a mean towards global warming reduction. However, in some parts of the electrical grid, the massive integration of renewable generation can lead to congestion problems. These congestions are related to the impossibility for the power grid to transport the generation. Nowadays, congestion management methods are based on day(s)-ahead computation of generation restriction which leads to important production losses for renewables. Based on this context, it’s therefore important to develop a methodology which is optimal, reliable and non-discriminatory for renewable.In this work, the proposed congestion management method is based on corrective actions. These actions are computed in real-time using regulation loops and Petri net-based algorithms. A stability study proved that gain margins are sufficient to assure the stability of the corrective actions. The algorithm allows an optimal selection of the generators than will participate in the congestion management. This selection is based on their cost and efficiency for congestion alleviation. Simulation results using the software EUROSTAG have shown the efficiency of the method and its adaptability to different generator types. Furthermore, general conclusions on congestions costs according to different regulations on the renewable generation were obtained
Allard, Stéphane. "Enjeux de flexibilité liés au développement des infrastructures réseaux pour l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables dans le système électrique à l’horizon 2100." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT101/document.
Full textThe power system is facing a major shift with the large-scale development of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). This vertical and centralized architecture helped the system to be robust and reliable. However, VRES production is intermittent and less predictable. As a result, the system needs to add more flexibility with new options such as Demand Side Management, storage technologies and VREs curtailment. But renewable energies potentials are unevenly distributed in Europe and, with high shares of VREs, power flows exchanges will increase between specific regions. As a result, the existing transmission grid would face congestions and these flexibility options might not be sufficient to alleviate these bottlenecks. To analyse these impacts, the work carried in this thesis uses the long-term energy model POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) coupled with the new European power sector module EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). It includes a detailed transmission grid and more realistic power flows with a DC-OPF. A grid investment mechanism is also incorporated to determine the grid investments based on nodal prices. This new coupling permits to get a dynamic evolution of the transmission grid. The role of the transmission grid is being assessed and compared with other flexibility options. The grid investments increase largely with important development of VRES while other flexibility options cannot completely replace them. Finally, an exploratory work is being carried with the introduction of generic distribution grids (urban, semi-urban and urban) in EUTGRID. The results show that the reinforcements are slightly delayed with a greater use of back-up technologies which increases the total emissions
Ardian, Faddy. "Empirical analysis of Italian electricity market." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX018/document.
Full textDeregulation of electricity market has displayed many changes in the economy and has influenced researchers to initiate studies in this field. The issue of the deregulated arises as the volatility of the wholesale price increases because of the new mechanism in price determination. Italy provides an interesting case study for exploring the electricity market because of its specifications. Our project consists of three independent quantitative research to view the Italian electricity market in three different angles. The first study is aimed to address the forecasting issue caused by the volatility of electricity market. The result suggests alternative forecasting method for modelling electricity price on Italy and comparisons between univariate and panel framework. The second research examines the impact of renewable energy on the congestion occurrence and cost. We analyse quantitative properties of the econometric estimation in order to gain insight into the economic mechanism and to draw policy suggestion. Finally, the final research attempts to address the interdependence of prices in six macro-zones of the Italian electricity market
Bell, Mbea. "Three essays in the economics of greenhouse gas emissions' mitigation in the electricity sector." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28367.
Full textClimate change is one of the biggest challenges that the world is facing. In order to limit global warming, each political jurisdiction must implement a drastic climate policy to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs). In this challenge, the electricity generation sector has a central role to play. On the one hand, it is a major contributor to the total GHG emissions, and on the other hand, this sector offers several alternatives for generating electricity without emissions, such as renewable sources or fossil fuel generators equipped with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) capacity. In three essays, this thesis examines cost-efficient solutions to reducing GHG emissions and promoting climate-friendly technologies in the electricity sector. The first essay compares an emissions tax and a clean energy standard using a calibrated general equilibrium model of electricity generation. The structure of electricity production features two plants: one that generates its output based on renewable sources and the other based on fossil source emitting CO2. The model is calibrated to match selected macroeconomic aggregates of the economy of British Columbia. The calibrated model is then used to conduct conceptual experiments that pit the overall cost of achieving the optimal emissions reduction target with a given policy instrument against the counterfactual cost of achieving the same target with an alternative policy instrument. The experiments lead to the conclusion that an emissions tax is more environmentally effective as well as more cost-effective than a clean energy standard. The second essay extends the comparison between a clean electricity standard and a carbon tax on cost-effectiveness grounds by adding innovation and market power. In our model, a two-stage competition in the electricity sector between a clean plant and its "dirty" rival anchors a two-sector general equilibrium model of climate change intervention. The dirty plant can innovate to reduce its emissions, and the clean plant can innovate to reduce its pre-existing cost-disadvantage. The model is calibrated to selected US macroeconomics aggregates. Results in this essay overturn those obtained in the first, where perfect competition was the feature of the electricity industry. The second essay thus shows cost-effective choice of climate policy instruments depends on the industrial organization of the electricity sector, as well as on the mechanisms plants use to respond to climate policy. Whereas the first two essays are only concerned with abatement incentives the third, by contrast, considers a climate policy action aimed, not only at incentivizing abatement, but also at promoting clean electricity solutions to climate change. These solutions have two competing sources. On the one hand, there are climate change solutions consisting of technological innovations that mitigate the intermittency and variability problems associated with renewable sources of electricity. Such solutions, when adequate, reduce the cost-disadvantage of renewable sources at reaching large-scale deployment. On the other hand, there are climate change solutions consisting of carbon abatement technologies that mitigate the trade-off between abatement effort and electricity output among fossil fuel generators. CCS technologies are an essential component of these fossil fuel-based climate change solutions. The main contribution of this essay is to show that, in countries with an abundant supply of fossil fuels, subsidizing fossil fuel-based climate change solutions can be an integral part of a cost-effective climate policy action aimed at achieving ambitious emissions reductions.
Gazbour, Nouha. "Intégration systémique de l’éco-conception dès la phase de R&D des technologies photovoltaïques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT018/document.
Full textFaced with current environmental challenges, investing in renewable energies in the name of the "energy transition" is the alternative most adopted by many countries. Renewable energies, in particular photovoltaic solar (PV) energy, have thus become innovative and competitive sectors in full expansion. In this context, it is therefore necessary to ensure that new PV technologies, which are complex and the result of several manufacturing stages, meet the criteria of a product with low environmental impact, referred here as eco-designed.The state of the art on eco-design shows that the consideration of environmental constraints in R&D projects with low TRL "Technology Readiness Level" is still an emerging phenomenon, for two main reasons. On the one hand, environmental impact assessment is relatively complex for a non-mature technology under development (TRL low) because its characteristics and manufacturing processes are not yet fully defined. On the other hand, the identified tools in the literature have several limitations that impede their appropriation in R&D organizations.This research work therefore aims to develop a methodology to enable the sustainable integration of eco-design into R&D organizations, supporting their industrial partners in innovation and competitiveness. Thus, the developed method is based on the estimation of the evolution rate of technical, economic and environmental criteria of a new technology (low TRL) through a specific database of reference. The construction of the database relies on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), used as a management tool to provide reliable results, despite the low TRL level.To integrate this approach into R&D organizations in a sustainable way, the method developed was implemented in a software "ECO PV" dedicated to crystalline silicon PV systems, which represent more than 94% of the current PV market today. Based on the principle of democratization of environmental knowledge and capitalization of information, this tool is accessible not only to LCA experts but also to all engineers in the PV field.Finally, this research work enabled to generate reliable, simple and quantified results and to develop an eco-design methodology to guide the technological choices of projects in the upstream phases of R&D, in order to develop PV systems more environmentally friendly
Goemaere, Loïc. "Comparaison de la production de trois technologies différentes de panneaux solaires en fonctionnement réel avec suivi du soleil et intégration de batteries lithium innovantes adaptées au stockage des énergies intermittentes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20211/document.
Full textIn a vision of sustainable development and energy independence aiming at the massive integration of the medium-term renewable energies in the energy mix, the research works are centered on two themes:- On one hand, the comparison of the production of three technologies different from solar panels (silicon, silicon with concentration, CdTe) installed into a photovoltaic power plant with 2-axes sun tracking;- On the other hand and given the intermittent nature of the photovoltaic energy and its non-simultaneity with the consumption, the development and the integration of batteries with lithium as means of electrochemical storage of the photovoltaic energy. The approach is innovative and allowed the study of new compounds of electrodes studied under real photovoltaic constraints and using various strategies of return of the energy with the aim of the next deployment of the intelligent networks. The simulations concern batteries of small sizes classically used in research laboratories but prefiguring what can be built in bigger size
Boulnois, Gabriel. "Intégration d'un procédé de stockage thermochimique à une centrale solaire thermodynamique : de l'expérimentation à l'échelle matériau aux performances énergétiques à l'échelle système." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0013/document.
Full textHigh-temperature heat storage processes using thermochemical solid/gas reaction exhibit great interest for applications in solar thermodynamic power plants. The reactive pair CaO/Ca(OH)2 is suitable for this recovery step application ranging from 350 to 550°C within steam pressures from 0.2 to 2 bar. Heat and mass transfer Ca(OH)2+GNE beds parameters were evaluated through correlations and experimentations. Experiments achieved recovery reaction powers above 200kW.m-3 for compatible durations with solar power plants (1 to 15 hours). A 2D model was developed, validated and exploited to study the coupled influences of different parameters on the performance of TCS. Finally, the benefit of different configurations of TCS integration within the solar power plant have been highlighted in terms of thermal performances and sources and sinks power exchanges
Rakotoson, Vanessa. "Intégration de l'analyse de cycle de vie dans l'étude de la production électrique en milieux insulaires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0035/document.
Full textPopulation growth, the raising of the standard of living and quality of life, and energy-intensive activities are key parameters affecting the territory energy demand, through electricity consumption. To meet this demand, reliance on fossil fuels is the main adopted solution, particularly in insular context. The downside of this method is the large amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emitted, and vulnerability of the territories. Current policies are now in favor of the energy self-sufficiency as a medium-term objective, and put in place measures to support the use of sustainable energy sources to mitigate GHG emissions. This work aims to assess environmental impact of electricity production in Reunion island, to establish a territorial diagnosis. Based on a life cycle assessment approach, according to ISO 14044 standards, varying environmental impacts have been evaluated from existing power plants. An evaluating tool has been developed to identify the most emissive life cycle stage from 1 kWh electricity produced. The obtained results serve as a reference point to develop prospective scenarios. Eight scenarios have been presented and aim to satisfy environmental, technical, social and economic constraints
Hafsi, Karem. "Approche distribuée basée sur un système multi-agent pour l'optimisation énergétique d'un micro-réseau de distribution DC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT004.
Full textThe scientific contribution of this thesis focuses on addressing specific challenges relatedto the stability and optimization of direct current (DC) distribution networks. This researchaims to develop control strategies and advanced optimization algorithms to maximize theintegration of renewable energy sources in DC while minimizing energy losses in order toachieve self-sufficiency. In pursuit of this objective, we have proposed in this work a hardware and a software architecture. The hardware architecture relies on two DC electrical distribution technologies, namely Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Power over Data Lines (PoDL). With these two technologies, it is possible to achieve at least a 7% improvement in energy efficiency when the energy source is in DC, such as photovoltaic energy or energy stored in batteries. Integrating these technologies into buildings creates a more flexible distribution system, allowing for the incorporation of loads in microgrid stabilization. PoE powers devices via Ethernet, while PoDL enables IP communication and power injection throughthe existing electrical wiring infrastructure.The software architecture that we have proposed in this work is based on reactive communication among the actors of the DC network, thus ensuring stability and safety. The method relies on a coordinated multi-agent system for context-aware decisions, maximizing the benefits of the DC network while ensuring stable and energy-efficient operation. Implementing a reactive electrical distribution system is a major challenge. The decentralized nature of this system requires a communication protocol capable of meeting latencyand flexibility requirements. Therefore, after evaluating several protocols, we have validated that the Data Distribution Service (DDS) protocol stands out for its real-time performance, offering well-bounded and controlled latency. Due to its distributed structure and advanced data management capabilities, DDS can ensure dependable and anticipatable real-time communication.In addition to the reactive communication protocol, we have used a multi-agent approachfor its benefits like uncertainty management, flexibility, scalability, and distributed decision-making. However, their implementation in a context where microgrid reactivity and stability are essential represents a particular challenge. Within this specific context, we have developed a coordination-based multi-agent system architecture with well-controlled interactions and latencies. Furthermore, we have proposed an optimization method based on the Hamiltonian cycle from graph theory to optimize the latencies of the agents in their tasks. The proposed multi-agent approach and optimization algorithms aim to simultaneously address the reactivity requirements of the control system and the challenges related to optimizing energy management in the DC microgrid
Prelle, Thomas. "Gestion optimisée d'un modèle d'agrégation de flexibilités diffuses." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0177/document.
Full textThe desire to increase the share of renewable energies in the energy mix leads to an increase inshare of volatile and non-controllable energy and makes it difficult to meet the supply-demand balance. A solution to manage anyway theses energies in the current electrical grid is to deploy new energy storage and demand response systems across the country to counter balance under or over production. In order to integrate all these energies systems to the supply and demand balance process, there are gathered together within a virtual flexibility aggregation power plant which is then seen as a virtual power plant. As for any other power plant, it is necessary to compute its production plan. Firstly, we propose in this PhD thesis an architecture and management method for an aggregation power plant composed of any type of energies systems. Then, we propose algorithms to compute the production plan of any types of energy systems satisfying all theirs constraints. Finally, we propose an approach to compute the production plan of the aggregation power plant in order to maximize its financial profit while complying with all the constraints of the grid
Krakowski, Vincent. "Intégration du renouvelable et stratégie de déploiement du réseau électrique : réconciliation d'échelles spatio-temporelles dans des exercices prospectifs de long terme." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM025/document.
Full textPower systems are currently facing several issues in order to evolve and integrate less carbon-heavy, and potentially more local, production. Prospective model-based analysis is a precious tool for exploring the possible long-term developments of these systems and comparing their advantages and disadvantages. However, to ensure relevance, it is important to reconcile the spatial and temporal phenomena that occur at various scales. Power system management depends on constantly maintaining a complex supply- demand balance. Meeting this challenge requires anticipating demand variations and power plant availability, combined with regulation systems to resolve remaining discrepancies. These regulations are activated in from a few seconds up to several hours. On shorter timescales, power systems show inherent robustness: the power grid creates an electromagnetic coupling between synchronous machines allowing them to share their inertia. This inertia, which takes the form of kinetic energy, is instantaneously available to face natural demand or supply fluctuations. To ensure that proposed long-term scenarios are consistent with the robustness requirements of power systems, which enable their management, this robustness must be assessed using prospective modeling. In this work, we propose an indicator, calculable within prospective studies, which assesses power system stability, namely its ability to return to synchronism after a perturbation. This indicator is based on an aggregated description of the transportation power grid and describes the electromagnetic coupling brought by the power grid. When combined with a bottom-up model from the MARKAL/TIMES family describing the French power system, this synchronism indicator, along with another indicator quantifying the available kinetic reserve, enables us to assess the consequences of renewable penetration, especially in terms of power system robustness
Li, Yuanjing. "New dynamics in the electricity sector : consumption-growth nexus, market structure and renewable power." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090041/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics and their impacts in the electricity sector. It discusses the critical issues from the perspectives of macroeconomics, structural configuration, and a transition to renewable energy sources. More precisely, three topics emerge: the nexus between electricity consumption and economic growth, the impacts of vertical integration between power generators and retailers, and the market impacts and integration issues of intermittent renewable generation. By studying these three topics, it provides answers to the key challenges of supply security, competitiveness and sustainable development in the energy sector. By giving new research directions of energy economics, it serves to inspire related policy debates
Hristova, Iva. "Le protocole de Kyoto et les mécanismes de développement propre (MDP) : quels impacts pour les pays en développement à l'horizon 2020--2050 ?" Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090061.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on the definition of potential Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) (or other successor mechanism) financial flows at the horizon of 2020 and 2050 and on their impact on recipient countries’ economies. The analysis is completed by an overview of the current CDM characteristics, not only through a comparison with other financial flows (Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) and Official development Assistance (ODA)) typical for developing countries, but also through a detailed survey of the conditions that would ease the spread of greater spill-over effects and through an analysis of the current impacts on host countries’ economic growth. At last, the thesis presents an overview of the current CDM impacts in terms of technology transfers and sustainable development and it proposes a detailed overview of the main offset- mechanism limits, the undergone improvements and the alternative solutions. Thus, the thesis shows the positive impact that projects under the CDM or any potential successor mechanisms can have in terms of perceived investments, issued carbon emission reductions, economic growth, technology transfers and, ultimately, sustainable development within non-Annex I host countries. In addition, it demonstrates that larger share of benefits will be earned by those countries that would be able to absorb greater spill-over effects through their more favourable conditions in terms of renewable energies infrastructure, credit facilities and qualified human capital availability. For both Annex I and non-Annex I countries, the generalization of an improved sustainable successor mechanisms, in combination with robust capacity building programs, should be of the highest interest in any future negotiations under the UNFCCC
Benalouache, Nadia. "L’énergie solaire pour la production d’électricité au Maghreb : transition énergétique et jeux d’échelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0137/document.
Full textThe « low carbon » transition in the Maghreb, analyzed with a focus on the deployment of solar energy for electricity generation, is considered in both a Euro-Mediterranean and national context. This transition is the result of projects that were designed by supranational organizations and agreed on at the highest level. On a Euro-Mediterranean level, initiatives were implemented to support a large scale development of solar energy, whether it be at an intergovernmental level (Mediterranean Solar Plan, 2008), by private industrial consortia (Desertec Industrial Initiative, Medgrid 2009). At national level, the three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia), have formulated explicit renewables development policies, (especially since 2009), and established national plans and programs (Moroccan Solar Plan, Tunisian Solar Plan, National Renewable and Efficiency Energy Program in Algeria). The purpose of this thesis is to explore the implementation of the « low carbon » transition in the Maghreb and show what spatial and relational implications it had both at European and national level. Thus, we explain how electrical energy contributes to redefine how regional areas connect and to what extent the implementation of solar technologies helps reshape the geography of electrical energy in the Maghreb. The technical aspect (network infrastructure and electricity production unit by solar energy) will be studied following a systemic approach, at the crossroads of spatial, social, political and economical spheres
الملخص تسعى الأطروحة إ لى تحليل الانتقال نحو الطاقات الىتجددة وخاصة الشمسية بأقطار الىغرب العربي من خلالإطارين : إطارأورو - متوسطي و إطار قطري مح . يبدو الانتقال الطاقي وكأنه نتاج لىشاريع أعدتها هياكل فوق قطرية .ك ما أن إقرارها تم لى تموضع مبادرات تهدف إ لى ، أ ع ا لى ستويات السياسية . فع الىستوى ا لا ورو - متوسطي استعمال الطاقة الشمسية ع نطاق واسع وهذه الىبادرات ناشئةعن ترتيبات ب ين .(2008 - خطة الطاقة الشمسية الىتوسطية 2009 الحكومات ) مبادرة ديزرتاك اهتمت الأطروحة بأقطار الىغرب العربي الثلاثة )تونس - الجزائر - الىغرب ( مجسدة لى ثلاثة برامج كلى ى : خطة الطاقة الشمسية الىغربية، الىخطط الشم التون ، ا ل لىنامج الوطني للطاقة الىتجددة وكفاءة الطاقة لى الجزائر . إن الغرض من الأطروحة هو كذلك تحليل الانتقال الطاقي بشمال إفريقيا وإبراز أثارها الىجالية والعلائقية ع الىستوىا لا ورو - متوسطي و ع الىستويات الوطنية، ك ما نسعى إ لى إبراز كيفة مساعدة الطاقة الشمسية ع إعادة تعريف الشبكات غ الىستوى الإقليمي وكيف أن إعادة توزيع تكنولوجيا الطاقة الشمسية تشارك لى إعادة رسم جغرافية الكهرباء بشمال إفريقيا
Mertz, Théophile. "Optimisation simultanée de la configuration et du dimensionnement des réseaux de chaleur urbains." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3019/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop a method that provides design assistance for District Heating Network (DHN). This tool allows simultaneously the optimization of the configuration and its sizing, thanks to an MINLP formulation (Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming). Binary variables help to choose the optimal configuration (network layout and technologies of production), whereas continuous variables help DHN sizing (temperature, diameter, velocity, heat exchanger area, thermal generating capacity …). The objective function to minimize is the total cost (capex and opex), subjected to numerous nonlinear constraints (e.g. thermal losses, pressure drop, energy balance).This method enables to design temperature cascade between consumers, when consumer temperature requirements are different, and also looped network (only one pipe in one trench). It helps also the decision to connect (or not) consumers to the main network and also the location(s) and type(s) of the heating plant. Moreover, the arbitrage between heat losses and pressure drops is taken into account thanks to physical considerations (non-linear equations). Eventually, it is possible to design 4th generation DHN and prove their financial profitability over the long terms (30 years). First a multi-step resolution strategy is proposed to ensure finding global optimum of the complex MINLP problem. Then academic study cases are analyzed to underline the numerous assets of the formulation. Finally, the optimal design compared to an existing DHN ensures the consistency of the method and allows to build a study case at a wider scale, which can be solved thanks to the comprehensive strategy developed. The design assistance method is available for initial design as well as for extension of existing DHN
Swaminathan, Bhargav Prasanna. "Gestion prévisionnelle des réseaux actifs de distribution - relaxation convexe sous incertitude." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT039/document.
Full textPower systems are faced by the rising shares of distributed renewable energy sources (DRES) and the deregulation of the electricity system. Distribution networks and their operators (DSO) are particularly at the front-line. The passive operational practives of many DSOs today have to evolve to overcome these challenges. Active Distribution Networks (ADN), and Active Network Management (ANM) have been touted as a potential solution. In this context, DSOs will streamline investment and operational decisions, creating a cost-effective framework of operations. They will evolve and take up new roles and optimally use flexibility to perform, for example, short-term op- erational planning of their networks. However, the development of such methods poses particular challenges. They are related to the presence of discrete elements (OLTCs and reconfiguration), the use of exogenous (external) flexibilities in these networks, the non-linear nature of optimal power flow (OPF) calculations, and uncertainties present in forecasts. The work leading to this thesis deals with and overcomes these challenges. First, a short-term economic analysis is done to ascertain the utilisation costs of flexibilities. This provides a common reference for different flexibilities. Then, exact linear flexibility models are developed using mathematical reformulation techniques. The OPF equations in operational planning are then convexified using reformulation techniques as well. The mixed-integer convex optimisation model thus developed, called the novel OP formulation, is exact and can guarantee globally optimal solutions. Simulations on two test networks allow us to evaluate the performance of this formulation. The uncertainty in DRES forecasts is then handled via three different formulations developed in this thesis. The best performing formulations under uncertainty are determined via comparison framework developed to test their performance