Journal articles: 'Integrated rural electrification system'

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Amanze, Fortune Chukwuebuka, and Destiny Josiah Amanze. "Off-grid rural electrification using integrated renewable energy sources." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i1.pp1-12.

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Presented in this study is an economic and technical evaluation to determine the optimal system combination for off-grid power generation based on solar, wind and biodiesel renewable energy resource. Nsukka being endowed with high intensity solar radiation, adequate wind speed and sufficient bioresource is a prospective candidate for a hybrid system. The monthly average daily global radiation ranges from 3.91kWh/m2 to 5.74kWh/m2 and the average wind speed is about 2.64m/s. This system was designed to meet the load requirement of the school with annual electrical demand of 10,163 MWh. Sensitivity analysis was carried out based on the effect of change in biodiesel fuel price and interest rates on the economic performance criteria of the optimal configuration. The optimum hybrid system is composed of 1kW capacity PV system, auto sized biodiesel generator and battery bank of 820h of autonomy. The Levelized Cost of Energy from the optimal system was found to be $0.0898/kWh based on sensitivity results. These results obtained shows that an integrated system with combination of PV, biodiesel generator and battery bank is a cost-effective alternative to grid extension which cost $0.126/kWh. The system life span is for 25years and it is sustainable, economical, technically feasible and environmentally friendly.

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Dey, A. K., JVR Nickey, and Y. Sun. "Renewable-integrated Traffic Energy." MATEC Web of Conferences 220 (2018): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822005005.

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This work is a development of an indigenous technology combined Flap-motor power generator (FMPG) and PV system that harnesses the free renewable energies in rural area to generate electricity. FMPG and solar renewable energy power technologies are affordable, clean and sustainable and can replace or supplement power generator for road traffic signal light. Combined energy systems integrate these renewable energy technologies with flap base car passing power generators, PV and batteries to provide road signal power in remote areas not connected to a utility grid. Such an isolated grid will help to supply electricity for traffic signal to avoid road accident and maximum vehicle efficiency at intersections. This power generation device will provide constant power supply while no sunlight for long days. At the same time technology will represent instance power supply for rural area traffic light electrification system without grid connection.

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Rabah, Kefa V. O. "Integrated solar energy systems for rural electrification in Kenya." Renewable Energy 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.04.011.

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Kanase-Patil, A. B., R. P. Saini, and M. P. Sharma. "Integrated renewable energy systems for off grid rural electrification of remote area." Renewable Energy 35, no. 6 (June 2010): 1342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.10.005.

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Kumar, Polamarasetty P., Ramakrishna S. S. Nuvvula, and Vasupalli Manoj. "Grass Hopper Optimization Algorithm for Off-Grid Rural Electrification of an Integrated Renewable Energy System." E3S Web of Conferences 350 (2022): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235002008.

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A suitable alternative to grid expansion has been found in renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and biomass. To put it another way, relying solely on one of the major renewable sources is both inefficient and expensive. As a result, an integrated renewable energy system is a viable option. The purpose of this article is to discuss the use of the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) for renewable energy sizing in the current study area. For an autonomous microgrid network, the proposed technique finds the optimum system size on the basis of Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). The proposed microgrid consists of PV panels, wind turbines, biomass generator and a battery storage system. The proposed GOA algorithm’s convergence efficiency in resolving the current optimization problem is investigated and compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in the MATLAB software environment. The simulation results show that the GOA algorithm outperforms its counterparts, GA and PSO, in terms of system sizing.

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López-González, Alejandro, Bruno Domenech, and Laia Ferrer-Martí. "Sustainability Evaluation of Rural Electrification in Cuba: From Fossil Fuels to Modular Photovoltaic Systems: Case Studies from Sancti Spiritus Province." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092480.

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In the last ten years, there has been a progressive improvement in rural electrification indexes in developing countries, and renewable energies are progressively being integrated into electrification programs. In Cuba, the government has set a target of 700 MW in solar photovoltaic energy by 2030, including rural electrification and off-grid systems. Within this framework, 10,000 modular systems of 300 Wp are being installed in isolated communities. Nowadays, previously diesel-electrified settlements are migrating into renewable energy technologies projects in rural Cuba. The objective of this research is to evaluate the sustainability of these changes in order to identify the implications for other developing countries, taking four different dimensions into account: environmental, technical, socioeconomic, and institutional. For this purpose, the rural communities of Yaguá (diesel-based) and Río Abajo (solar-based) in the province of Sancti Spiritus are visited and studied. Results show that the institutional dimension of sustainability is positive thanks to improvements in energy security and promotion of the Cuban national plan goals. Moreover, results confirm that the energy transition from diesel-based to solar PV is environmentally sustainable in Cuba, but improvements are still necessary in the power capacity of solar modules to strengthen the socioeconomic and technical dimensions.

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M, Krishna Chaitanya. "Smart Solar Grid integrated PV System with Faulty Permanence Enhancement: For Better Rural Electrification in India." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (August 25, 2020): 4383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/30942020.

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Li, Jiaxi, Dan Wang, Hongjie Jia, Guohong Wu, Wei He, and Huaqiang Xiong. "Prospects of key technologies of integrated energy systems for rural electrification in China." Global Energy Interconnection 4, no. 1 (February 2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2021.03.001.

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González-García, Andrés, Pedro Ciller, Stephen Lee, Rafael Palacios, Fernando de Cuadra García, and José Ignacio Pérez-Arriaga. "A Rising Role for Decentralized Solar Minigrids in Integrated Rural Electrification Planning? Large-Scale, Least-Cost, and Customer-Wise Design of Grid and Off-Grid Supply Systems in Uganda." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134517.

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Increasing Uganda’s low electrification rate is one of the country’s major challenges. Power service is essential to achieve socioeconomic development and poverty reduction, especially in rural areas. This paper shows the advantages of using an integrated (grid and off-grid) electrification model with high geospatial, temporal, and customer-class granularity as the Reference Electrification Model (REM). In universal electrification strategies, REM will help better ascertain the role of minigrids, jointly with grid extension, solar kits, and stand-alone systems. REM has been applied to the Southern Service Territory (SST) to determine the least-cost mix of electrification modes—grid extension, off-grid minigrids, and standalone systems—that satisfies the hourly demand requirements of each customer—residential, commercial, or industrial—considering its individual location. REM incorporates the existing grid layout, the hourly solar local profile, and the catalogs of actual components for network and generation designs. The paper shows that minigrids can provide grid-like service at a significantly lower cost in many circumstances and to a considerable extent. Therefore, minigrid strategies should play a more important role in electrification planning, both transitorily and on a permanent basis, particularly when the central grid suffers from frequent and prolonged blackouts.

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Al-Ghussain, Loiy, Mohammad Abujubbeh, Adnan Darwish Ahmad, Ahmad M. Abubaker, Onur Taylan, Murat Fahrioglu, and Nelson K. Akafuah. "100% Renewable Energy Grid for Rural Electrification of Remote Areas: A Case Study in Jordan." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 4908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184908.

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Many developing countries suffer from high energy-import dependency and inadequate electrification of rural areas, which aggravates the poverty problem. In this work, Al-Tafilah in Jordan was considered as a case study, where the technical, economic, and environmental benefits of a decentralized hybrid renewable energy system that can match 100% of the city demand were investigated. A tri-hybrid system of wind, solar, and hydropower was integrated with an energy storage system and optimized to maximize the match between the energy demand and production profiles. The optimization aimed at maximizing the renewable energy system (RES) fraction while keeping the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) equal to the electricity purchase tariff. The techno-economic analysis showed that the optimal system in Al-Tafilah comprises a 28 MW wind system, 75.4 MW PV, and 1 MW hydropower, with a 259 MWh energy storage system, for which a RES fraction of 99% can be achieved, and 47,160 MtCO2 are avoided yearly. This study can be easily extended to other rural cities in Jordan, as they have higher renewable energy system (RES) potential. The presented findings are essential not only for Jordan’s planning and economy-boosting but also for contributing to the ongoing force against climate change.

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Castellanos, J. G., M. Walker, D. Poggio, M. Pourkashanian, and W. Nimmo. "Modelling an off-grid integrated renewable energy system for rural electrification in India using photovoltaics and anaerobic digestion." Renewable Energy 74 (February 2015): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.08.055.

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Belouda, M., A. Jaafar, B. Sareni, X. Roboam, and J. Belhadj. "Integrated optimal design and sensitivity analysis of a stand alone wind turbine system with storage for rural electrification." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 28 (December 2013): 616–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.042.

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Ugwoke, Blessing, Adedoyin Adeleke, Stefano P. Corgnati, Joshua M. Pearce, and Pierluigi Leone. "Decentralized Renewable Hybrid Mini-Grids for Rural Communities: Culmination of the IREP Framework and Scale up to Urban Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 7411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187411.

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The Integrated Rural Energy Planning (IREP) framework offers a unified road map for locating, planning and operating decentralized renewable hybrid off-grid energy systems for localized (rural) applications in low-income countries. This paper presents the culmination of the IREP framework and aims to illustrate the final step of the IREP framework for two communities in Nigeria. It is focused on two aspects. Firstly, the techno-economic modeling (investment and operation optimization) of a hybrid mini-grid system using HOMER Pro, a techno-economic evaluation tool; and evaluating the benefits of demand side management (DSM) based on energy efficiency on the overall system economics using a scenario-based approach. Secondly, the conceptualization of a sustainable business model using the business model canvas scheme to deliver measurable socio-economic impacts in these communities. The results provide valuable insights into rural electrification via renewable hybrid mini-grids powered primarily with solar photovoltaic technology. Transcending mere electricity access, electricity is provided for productive uses (considering disaggregated end-uses) by harnessing other dispatchable renewable energy resources such as waste biomass. Given high share of rural population in developing countries, these insights are applicable in these regions and further the realization of the United Nations’ goal of sustainable energy (SDG7) and sustainable cities and communities (SDG11).

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Kumar, Polamarasetty P., and Rajeshwer Prasad Saini. "Optimization of an off-grid integrated hybrid renewable energy system with different battery technologies for rural electrification in India." Journal of Energy Storage 32 (December 2020): 101912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101912.

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Blair, Niebert, Dirk Pons, and Susan Krumdieck. "Electrification in Remote Communities: Assessing the Value of Electricity Using a Community Action Research Approach in Kabakaburi, Guyana." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092566.

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PROBLEM—Provision of electric services in remote communities operating a subsistence economy has been challenging both for policy-makers and engineers. The value of electricity services and the choice structures in remote economies are not well understood. NEED—There are several technical, economic, and environmental challenges to the top-down approach of electrification. There is a need for methods that can integrate multiple dimensions of social development that can fit the environmental, economic, and technical aspects of community development. APPROACH—To create a system that best fits with the rural community, a bottom-up approach is recommended; this depends on community participation to provide a coherent from-the-ground-up decision-making framework for rural residents, engineers, and policy-makers. OUTCOMES—We have developed a from-the-ground-up community participation approach to power system design, where the community activity system is studied before investigating energy development options and assessing the risks and benefits from the perspective of the people in the community. We present the approach called Community Access Resource for Electricity Sustainability (CARES), with its foundation in action research methodology to explore the values in the community, the valued electricity services (VES) that the community feel they need, and the way the community adopts the different value types through problem-solving. We conclude that the CARES approach provides rural residents, engineers, and policy-makers with a new bottom-up approach to rural electrification in remote economies. IMPLICATIONS—The implications of this design calls for designers to extend their workspace beyond the design office and to facilitate with remote communities in devising solutions that best fit their needs. ORIGINALITY—Original contributions are the identification of the different value types and VES from-the-ground-up, and the integration of these into a gamified, interactive, and virtual-reality setting for participants to play through and discuss major consequences from which prudent decisions for development can be made. Additionally, we have proposed a new cost index for the feasibility assessment of rural electrification projects.

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Moncecchi, Matteo, Claudio Brivio, Stefano Mandelli, and Marco Merlo. "Battery Energy Storage Systems in Microgrids: Modeling and Design Criteria." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13082006.

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Off-grid power systems based on photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems are becoming a solution of great interest for rural electrification. The storage system is one of the most crucial components since inappropriate design can affect reliability and final costs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt reliable models able to realistically reproduce the working condition of the application. In this paper, different models of lithium-ion battery are considered in the design process of a microgrid. Two modeling approaches (analytical and electrical) are developed based on experimental measurements. The derived models have been integrated in a methodology for the robust design of off-grid electric power systems which has been implemented in a MATLAB-based computational tool named Poli.NRG (POLItecnico di Milano—Network Robust desiGn). The procedure has been applied to a real-life case study to compare the different battery energy storage system models and to show how they impact on the microgrid design.

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Caputo, Cesare, and Ondřej Mašek. "SPEAR (Solar Pyrolysis Energy Access Reactor): Theoretical Design and Evaluation of a Small-Scale Low-Cost Pyrolysis Unit for Implementation in Rural Communities." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082189.

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Energy access and waste management are two of the most pressing developmental and environmental issues on a global level to help mitigate the accelerating impacts of climate change. They are particularly relevant in Sub–Saharan Africa where electrification rates are significantly below global averages and rural areas are lacking a formal waste management sector. This paper explores the potential of integrating solar energy into a biomass pyrolysis unit as a potentially synergetic solution to both issues. The full design of a slow pyrolysis batch reactor targeted at biochar production, following a strict cost minimization approach, is presented in light of the relevant considerations. SPEAR is powered using a Cassegrain optics parabolic dish system, integrated into the reactor via a manual tracking system and optically optimized with a Monte-Carlo ray tracing methodology. The design approach employed has led to the development an overall cost efficient system, with the potential to achieve optical efficiencies up 72% under a 1.5° tracking error. The outputs of the system are biochar and electricity, to be used for soil amendment and energy access purposes, respectively. There is potential to pyrolyze a number of agricultural waste streams for the region, producing at least 5 kg of biochar per unit per day depending on the feedstock employed. Financial assessment of SPEAR yields a positive Net Present Value (NPV) in nearly all scenarios evaluated and a reasonable competitiveness with small scale solar for electrification objectives. Finally, SPEAR presents important positive social and environmental externalities and should be feasibly implementable in the region in the near term.

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Nedjalkov, Antonio, Jan Meyer, Heiko Göken, Maximilian V. Reimer, and Wolfgang Schade. "Blueprint and Implementation of Rural Stand-Alone Power Grids with Second-Life Lithium Ion Vehicle Traction Battery Systems for Resilient Energy Supply of Tropical or Remote Regions." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 20, 2019): 2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162642.

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Developed societies with advanced economic performance are undoubtedly coupled with the availability of electrical energy. Whilst industrialized nations already started to decrease associated carbon emissions in many business sectors, e.g., by substituting combustion engines with battery-powered vehicles, less developed countries still lack broad coverage of reliable electricity supply, particularly in rural regions. Progressive electrification leads to a need for storage capacity and thus to increasing availability of advanced battery systems. To achieve a high degree of sustainability, re-used batteries from the electromobility sector are appropriate, as they do not consume further primary resources and still have sufficient residual capacity for stationary electrical storage applications. In this article, a blueprint for the electrification of a remote region by utilizing second-life lithium ion traction batteries for an integrated energy system in a stand-alone grid is presented and the implementation by the example case of a Tanzanian island in Lake Victoria is demonstrated. First, economic potentials and expected trends in the disposability of second-life lithium ion batteries and their foreseeable costs are outlined. Subsequently, key decision variables are identified to evaluate logistic aspects and the feasibility of the implementation of an off-grid electrical system in remote areas for economically and geographically unfavorable environments. The practical realization is pictured in detail with a focus on technical performance and safety specificities associated with second-life applications. Therefore, a new type of battery management system is introduced, which meets the special requirements of climate compatibility, low maintenance, enhanced cell balancing capability and cell configuration flexibility, and combined with a fiber-optical sensor system, provides reliable status monitoring of the battery. By carrying out on-site measurements, the overall system efficiency is evaluated along with a sustainability analysis. Finally, the socioeconomic and humanitarian impact for the people on the island is debated.

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Mwakitalima, Isaka J., Mohammad Rizwan, and Narendra Kumar. "Potential of a Nonperennial Tributary Integrated with Solar Energy for Rural Electrification: A Case Study of Ikukwa Village in Tanzania." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (May 16, 2022): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1172050.

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This study evaluates the hydropower potential in the design of a micro-hydro/solar photovoltaic hybrid system with battery energy storage for increasing the access to electricity in Ikukwa Village in Mbeya Region of Tanzania. Usually, hybridized hydropower schemes are designed from perennial streams for the provision of electricity. This study incorporates the run-of-the river (COE) power scheme, which originates from the untapped potential of nonperennial hydro-energy source and the use of traditional approach of data measurements for Ikata tributary to design hybrid system. The system is optimized by the minimization of the total net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) using the soft computing method of Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software and artificial intelligent (AI) techniques. AI optimization techniques such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and GWO-PSO hybrid (GWO-PSOHD) algorithms have been employed for further optimal results. The data for solar radiation and the tributary have been obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and traditional methods of measurements, respectively. The estimated maximum water flow rate and head are 2.943 m3/s and 13 m, respectively. In the same period, the approximated theoretical power potential of the tributary is found to be 375 kW. Total NPCs obtained from HOMER, PSO, GWO, and GWO-PSOHD methods are $ 141, 397.76, $ 95 167.21, $ 92 472.82, and $ 91,854.10, respectively. Similarly, the optimal results of COE from HOMER, PSO, GWO, and GWO-PSOHD approaches are $ 0.1818/kWh, $ 0.1185/kWh, $ 0.1182/kWh, and $ 0.1181/kWh, respectively. Comparatively, PSO implementation has indicated the greatest energy cost, while the cost acquired by GWO-PSOHD is the lowest for all aforementioned AI optimization techniques. The tributary under study has a high potential of diversification of energy sources for rural electrification in the area of study and other parts of the world with comparable conditions.

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Kumar, Polamarasetty P., Akhlaqur Rahman, Ramakrishna S. S. Nuvvula, Ilhami Colak, S. M. Muyeen, Sk A. Shezan, G. M. Shafiullah, et al. "Using Energy Conservation-Based Demand-Side Management to Optimize an Off-Grid Integrated Renewable Energy System Using Different Battery Technologies." Sustainability 15, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 10137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310137.

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Rural electrification is necessary for both the country’s development and the well-being of the villagers. The current study investigates the feasibility of providing electricity to off-grid villages in the Indian state of Odisha by utilizing renewable energy resources that are currently available in the study area. However, due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, it is highly improbable to ensure a continuous electricity supply to the off-grid areas. To ensure a reliable electricity supply to the off-grid areas, three battery technologies have been incorporated to find the most suitable battery system for the study area. In addition, we evaluated various demand side management (DSM) techniques and assessed which would be the most suitable for our study area. To assess the efficiency of the off-grid system, we applied different metaheuristic algorithms, and the results showed great promise. Based on our findings, it is clear that energy-conservation-based DSM is the ideal option for the study area. From all the algorithms tested, the salp swarm algorithm demonstrated the best performance for the current study.

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Rodriguez Zabala, Alejandra, Dahiana López-García, Sandra Ximena Carvajal-Quintero, and Adriana Arango Manrique. "A Comprehensive Review of Sustainability in Isolated Colombian Microgrids." Tecnura 25, no. 70 (October 1, 2021): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487638.18619.

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Context: The increase in rural electrification projects has led to the emergence of technologies that allow operating local distribution networks such as isolated microgrids. However, the successful implementation of these isolated microgrids requires that their planning, operation, monitoring, and control consider a framework that allows maintaining technical, economic, and environmental sustainability over an extended time horizon. Therefore, this paper proposes a model that allows identifying the main technical, economic, regulatory, and environmental variables that should be considered for the successful planning of Colombian rural electrification solutions. Methodology: This paper proposes the use of System Dynamics to create a model that allows describing the causal relationships between the different variables essential for the design and operation of isolated microgrids. To this effect, the identification of the related variables and their corresponding classification are presented, together with a model of theoretical expectations about their relationships. Results: A model that integrates and describes the behavior of the main variables involved in the operation of microgrids was formulated to analyze the possible implementation of policies that guarantee the sustainability of these solutions and enhance the use of renewable energy resources while improving the continuity of the electric energy supply. Conclusions: It was possible to show that operation by means of isolated microgrids with the integration of Distributed Energy Resources is a sustainable solution for rural electrification in Colombia, given that it enhances the use of generation resources with a reduced carbon footprint that are present in the territories under study. These microgrids have the potential to improve the living conditions of users by reducing unsatisfied basic needs. Funding: Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Manizales.

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Masud, Abdullahi Abubakar. "The Application of Homer Optimization Software to Investigate the Prospects of Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Rural Communities of Sokoto in Nigeria." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp596-603.

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This paper investigates the prospects and cost-effectiveness of implementation of standalone PV/wind system in sokoto state Nigeria. Daily electricity demand, yearly solar radiation and wind speed were applied to determine the optimum sizing of the renewable energy (RE) system. To design optimum RE with proper sizing of system components, meteorological data obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration were applied as input for this study. In Nigeria, sokoto is a region with solar radiation of 6kWh/m2/day and wind speed of 5m/s at 10m above height. Using the Homer optimization software, the optimum integrated RE system is 35.21kW PV, 3 x 25kW wind turbines, 12 x 24V lead acid battery and 17.44kW converter. The system has a total capital cost of $249910.24, the replacement cost of $82914.85 and maintenance cost of $53802.80 for 25 years. Though the initial capital cost is high but the long term benefits are enormous, considering the high cost of implementing rural electrification scheme, coupled with ahike in electricity tariff. There is also a payback period of 5 years. The results imply a standalone PV/wind system is feasible in rural communities of sokoto with 100% pollution free energy system.

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Tarife, Rovick, Yosuke Nakanishi, Yining Chen, Yicheng Zhou, Noel Estoperez, and Anacita Tahud. "Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for Rural Agricultural Area in Southern Philippines." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 19, 2022): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062251.

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Microgrids, or distributed systems of local energy generation, transmission, and demand, are now technologically and operationally capable of providing power to communities, especially in rural and peri-urban regions of developing nations. The reliability of the system, the cost of power generation, and the operating environmental impact are the major issues when designing and evaluating the performance of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy microgrid (HREM). This paper presents an integrated method for optimal sizing and operation of an HREM for rural agricultural communities in the Southern Philippines composed of run-of-the-river hydropower, photovoltaics (PV), diesel generator, and a battery energy storage system (BESS) using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) and a proposed multi-case power management strategy. The three conflicting objective functions that were simultaneously minimized were: loss of power supply probability (LPSP), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, subject to several constraints. The optimization generated 200 non-dominated or Pareto optimal alternative solutions, 4 of which were selected as solutions of interest. Based on the results, the optimal sizes of the main components for the reliable operation of the system are 100 panels with a rating of 0.25 kW for PV, 100 kWh for BESS, and 13 kW for the diesel generator, with corresponding LCOE, LPSP, and GHG emission values of 0.1795 USD/kWh, 0.05%, and 7874 kg, respectively, for 1 year. The effectiveness of the proposed HREM design was also analyzed, and the study yielded plenty of useful findings that could aid the electrification of the area.

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Singh, Sweta, Adam Slowik, Neeraj Kanwar, and Nand K. Meena. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Grid-Connected Microgrid Design by Using a Modified Multi-Strategy Fusion Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010190.

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The present work investigates the techno-economic solution that can address the problem of rural electrification. To maintain a continuous power supply to this village area, a grid-connected microgrid system was designed that consists of solar photovoltaic (SPV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). The recently introduced multi-strategy fusion artificial bee colony (MFABC) algorithm was hybridized with the simulated annealing approach and is referred to as the MFABC+ algorithm. This was employed to determine the optimal sizing of different components comprising the integrated system as well as to maximize the techno-economic objectives. For validation, the simulation results obtained by the MFABC+ algorithm are compared with the results obtained using HOMER software, the particle swarm optimization algorithms and the original MFABC algorithm. It was revealed that the MFABC+ algorithm has a better convergence rate and the potential ability to provide compromising results in comparison to these existing optimization tools. It was also discovered through the comprehensive evaluation that the proposed system has the potential capability to meet the electricity demand of the village for 24 × 7 at the lowest levelized cost of electricity.

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Lozano, Lorafe, Edward M. Querikiol, and Evelyn B. Taboada. "The Viability of Providing 24-Hour Electricity Access to Off-Grid Island Communities in the Philippines." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206797.

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Techno-economic viability assessments of rural electrification projects, especially those that integrate renewable energy technologies, typically look at system design optimization that would yield the most favorable cost and investment scenarios. However, the true viability of these projects relies more importantly on their impact to the rural communities while ensuring positive financial returns to the project developers. This paper aims to expand the viability assessment of electrification projects in off-grid island communities in order to mainly address the apparently opposing needs of the major stakeholders at play by developing a viability assessment framework considering the techno-economic dimensions as well as the socio-economic impacts to the consumers. The analysis follows a two-phase approach, where system design optimization and financial impact calculations are done in the first phase and the socio-economic viability is accomplished in the second phase. Results suggest that high capital investment for renewable energy has a better pay-off when there is higher demand for electricity. On the other hand, consumers also tend to receive higher economic benefit as they consume more electricity. However, the low income of rural consumers strains their capacity to pay, which necessitates their engagement in more economically-productive uses of electricity. The viability assessment framework can be a useful tool for both investors and consumers as this provides important insights which can be translated into impactful interventions that may include government support through improved policy implementation that can positively sustain electricity access in off-grid communities through renewable energy.

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Alasali, Feras, Mohammad Salameh, Ali Semrin, Khaled Nusair, Naser El-Naily, and William Holderbaum. "Optimal Controllers and Configurations of 100% PV and Energy Storage Systems for a Microgrid: The Case Study of a Small Town in Jordan." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 3, 2022): 8124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138124.

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Renewable energy systems such as Photovoltaic (PV) have become one of the best options for supplying electricity at the distribution network level. This is mainly because the PV system is sustainable, environmentally friendly, and is a low-cost form of energy. The intermittent and unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources which leads to a mismatch between the power generation and load demand is the challenge to having 100% renewable power networks. Therefore, an Energy Storage System (ESS) can be a significant solution to overcome these challenges and improve the reliability of the network. In Jordan, the energy sector is facing a number of challenges due to the high energy-import dependency, high energy costs, and the inadequate electrification of rural areas. In this paper, the optimal integration of PV and ESS systems is designed and developed for a distribution network in Jordan. The economic and energy performance of the network and a proposed power network under different optimization algorithms and power network operation scenarios are investigated. Metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely: Golden Ratio Optimization Method (GROM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms, are employed to find the optimal configurations and integrated 100% PV and ESS for the microgrid.

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Srinivasa Rao, G., K. Harinadha Reddy, B. Ravi Teja, B. Devasahayam, and Shaik Khaleel. "Matlab based simulation model of standalone DC Microgrid for Remote Area Power Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.8 (February 9, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.11538.

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DC microgrids are playing an important role in remote area power applications like power supply to off-grid tele communication towers, off-grid data centres, rural electrification etc. and moreover these are extensively used, as these appear as solutions for integrating two or more renewable energy resources. In this paper, photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems have been integrated along with batteries and a load to form an autonomous DC microgrid with high reliability and stability. The primary aspects which are to be taken into consideration in a standalone DC microgrid are voltage regulation, load sharing and battery management. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed which includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms and voltage droop control method. This strategy ensures optimal power sharing among the sources and increases reliability and stability profile of the microgrid. The operation of the microgrid in different modes and the behaviour of the system at different operating conditions is studied by varying the solar irradiance and wind speed for specific time periods. The simulation is done in Matlab Simulink software and the results are obtained.

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Tomar, Anuradha. "Design and Control of Standalone PV System without ESD Usage for Enhanced Energy Utilization." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180913120328.

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Background: A Standalone Photovoltaic (PV) based system has practical constraints like the need for Energy Storage Devices (ESD) in order to ensure 24 hours availability of electricity and optimized usage of available PV power. Implementation of hybrid renewable energy based system depends upon geographical location and thus availability of a specific energy resource. Also, ESDs are costly to maintain and thus limited optimized usage of ESD is suggested in the literature. Methods: In this paper, a new concept of a PV system integrated with pumped storage is presented for electrification/implementation in rural areas. Proposed system operates at Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) without de-rating the PV capacity or any need of ESD. The control philosophy is simple, robust and ensures two modes of operation for pumped storage i.e. motoring mode and generating mode; depending upon the PV power being generated, load demand and available water level in lower and upper reservoir. Result: The effectiveness of the proposed system and control architecture is verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulation. For various modes of operation, the proposed system is able to maintain DC bus voltage, AC 3-phase voltage, the frequency at approximately constant desired values. Conclusion: However, to operate the PV system at night with heavy loads, additional ESD may be required for better response and stability.

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Ab Ghani, Mohd Zaini, Madihah Md Rasid, and Mohd Shafiq Anuar. "DEVELOPMENT OF COST-EFFECTIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR STAND-ALONE HYBRID SYSTEM." Jurnal Teknologi 84, no. 5 (July 26, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v84.17704.

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Deployment of Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind Turbine (WT) as a stand-alone system are the most affordable solution to the electrification problem in the rural areas. However, the main challenge that hinder the sustainability of PV and WT is the output fluctuation. Thus, the battery and the non- Renewable Energy (RE) sources are required to make sure the continuous supply to the load is met. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose the rule-based Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for the stand-alone hybrid system in order to ensure the continuity of supply and the minimum utilization of non-RE can be achieved. The continuous monitoring is designed to avoid the degradation of battery performance while minimizing the non-RE cost. The efficient Stage of Charge (SoC) limit of battery is investigated and applied in this study to store the excess RES power effectively. In this paper, the diesel fired Microturbine (MT) is selected as a non-RE source to integrate into the stand-alone hybrid system that consists of PV, WT and battery. The result shows that the proposed rule-based EMS for the in the stand-alone hybrid system is able to reduce the cost of MT operation to a minimum. Restricting the SoC limits effects the use of MT.

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Pastori, Marco, Angel Udias, Luigi Cattaneo, Magda Moner-Girona, Awa Niang, and Cesar Carmona-Moreno. "Bioenergy Potential of Crop Residues in the Senegal River Basin: A Cropland–Energy–Water-Environment Nexus Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 11065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911065.

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Access to energy services is a priority for sustainable economic development, especially in rural areas, where small- and medium-sized enterprises have many difficulties in accessing reliable and affordable electricity. Western African countries are highly dependent on biomass resources; therefore, understanding the potential of bioenergy from crop residues is crucial to designing effective land-management practices. The assessment of the capability to use crop residues for electricity production is particularly important in those regions where agriculture is the dominant productive sector and where electrification through grid extension might be challenging. The objective of this work was to guide the development of sustainable strategies for rural areas that support energy development by simultaneously favouring food self-sufficiency capacity and environmental benefits. These complex interlinkages have been jointly assessed in the Senegal river basin by an integrated optimization system using a cropland–energy–water-environment nexus approach. The use of the nexus approach, which integrates various environmental factors, is instrumental to identify optimal land-energy strategies and provide decision makers with greater knowledge of the potential multiple benefits while minimizing trade-offs of the new solutions such as those connected to farmers’ needs, local energy demand, and food and land aspects. By a context-specific analysis, we estimated that, in 2016, 7 million tons of crop residues were generated, resulting in an electricity potential of 4.4 million MWh/year. Several sustainable land-energy management strategies were explored and compared with the current management strategy. Our results indicate that bioenergy production from crop residues can increase with significant variability from 5% to +50% depending on the strategy constraints considered. An example analysis of alternative irrigation in the Guinea region clearly illustrates the existing conflict between water, energy, and food: strategies optimizing bioenergy achieved increases both for energy and food production (+6%) but at the expense of increasing water demand by a factor of nine. The same water demand increase can be used to boost food production (+10%) if a modest decrease in bioenergy production is accepted (−13%).

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Chaaraoui, Samer, Matthias Bebber, Stefanie Meilinger, Silvan Rummeny, Thorsten Schneiders, Windmanagda Sawadogo, and Harald Kunstmann. "Day-Ahead Electric Load Forecast for a Ghanaian Health Facility Using Different Algorithms." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020409.

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Ghana suffers from frequent power outages, which can be compensated by off-grid energy solutions. Photovoltaic-hybrid systems become more and more important for rural electrification due to their potential to offer a clean and cost-effective energy supply. However, uncertainties related to the prediction of electrical loads and solar irradiance result in inefficient system control and can lead to an unstable electricity supply, which is vital for the high reliability required for applications within the health sector. Model predictive control (MPC) algorithms present a viable option to tackle those uncertainties compared to rule-based methods, but strongly rely on the quality of the forecasts. This study tests and evaluates (a) a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) algorithm, (b) an incremental linear regression (ILR) algorithm, (c) a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and (d) a customized statistical approach for electrical load forecasting on real load data of a Ghanaian health facility, considering initially limited knowledge of load and pattern changes through the implementation of incremental learning. The correlation of the electrical load with exogenous variables was determined to map out possible enhancements within the algorithms. Results show that all algorithms show high accuracies with a median normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) <0.1 and differing robustness towards load-shifting events, gradients, and noise. While the SARIMA algorithm and the linear regression model show extreme error outliers of nRMSE >1, methods via the LSTM model and the customized statistical approaches perform better with a median nRMSE of 0.061 and stable error distribution with a maximum nRMSE of <0.255. The conclusion of this study is a favoring towards the LSTM model and the statistical approach, with regard to MPC applications within photovoltaic-hybrid system solutions in the Ghanaian health sector.

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jaiswal, Gaurav Kumar, Prashant Singh Rajpoot, Sharad Chandra Rajpoot, and Mamta singh. "Rural Electrification with Hybrid Power System." IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, no. 3 (2014): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1676-09364852.

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Tang, Wei, Gang Feng, Qingkun Tan, Zhao Xu, Kaihui Feng, and Xingguo Lu. "Current situation and trend analysis of rural electrification in China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1171, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1171/1/012016.

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Abstract Energy is the foundation of economic and social development. With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas have achieved integrated development, and the living environment has been increasingly improved, promoting the clean and electrified development of rural energy consumption. The development of rural electrification involves many aspects and is related to the future of rural. Based on agricultural production and rural life, this paper analyzes the current situation of rural electrification from energy consumption, electrification growth rate, electricity load characteristics and regional variations. Through building a forecasting model of rural production and living energy demand, this paper forecasts the level of rural energy consumption, analyze the development trend of rural electrification, and put forward relevant conclusions and suggestions.

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Simshauser, Paul, Leonard Smith, Patrick Whish-Wilson, and Tim Nelson. "Foreign aid via 3-Party Covenant Financings of capital-intensive infrastructure." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 8, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 183–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-11-2015-0067.

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Purpose The purpose of this article is to analyse electricity supply in the Solomon Islands face extraordinarily expensive electricity tariffs – currently set at 96 c/kWh – making them amongst the highest in the world. Power is supplied by a fleet of diesel generators reliant on imported liquid fuels. In this article, the authors model the 14,100 kW power system on the island of Guadalcanal and demonstrate that by investing in a combination of hydroelectric and solar photovoltaic generating capacity, power system costs and reliability can be improved marginally. However, when the authors model a 3-Party Covenant (3PC) Financing structure involving a credit wrap by the Commonwealth of Australia, electricity production costs fall by 50 per cent, thus resulting in meaningful increases in consumer welfare. Design/methodology/approach This study’s approach uses an integrated levelised cost of electricity model and dynamic partial equilibrium power system model. Doing so enables the authors to quickly analyse the rich blend of fixed, variable and sunk costs of generating technology options. The authors also focus on the cost of capital that is likely to be achieved under various policy settings. Findings The authors find that a 3PC Financing policy can substantially reduce the production costs associated with capital-intensive power projects in an unrated sovereign nation. Such a policy and associated prescriptions are not specific to the Solomon Islands or power generation. The conceptual framework and associated financial logic that underpins the initiative can be generalised to other “user pays” infrastructure projects and to other developing nations. The broad applicability of 3PC financing means that it is not country specific, project specific or asset class specific. Research Limitations/implications It is important to note that the analysis in this paper has a number of limitations in that the authors do not deal with rural electrification or distribution network costs. The focus of this paper is to identify policy interventions that are capable of making profound changes to the cost and the reliability of wholesale electricity production. Originality/value The focus of this paper is to identify a policy intervention capable of making profound changes to the cost and the reliability of wholesale electricity production. While there is nothing novel associated with a 3PC Financing per se, the authors are unaware of its direct use as a form of delivering foreign aid. A 3PC Financing has the effect of shifting the source of aid funding from fiscal account surplus/deficit (i.e. cash outlays) to balance sheet (i.e. credit wrap). However, this is not a “magic pudding” – 3PC Financing creates an asset-backed contingent liability and will have the effect of reducing the donor country’s own debt capacity by a commensurate amount, holding the nation’s credit rating constant.

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Safdar, Muhammad. "Rural Electrification Through an Efficient Regulated System." International Journal of Engineering Works 06, no. 08 (August 22, 2019): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34259/ijew.19.608253257.

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Falchetta, Giacomo. "Energy access investment, agricultural profitability, and rural development: time for an integrated approach." Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 1, no. 3 (November 9, 2021): 033002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ac3017.

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Abstract In rural sub-Saharan Africa, the global poverty hotspot, smallholder farmers account for 80% of agricultural production, with 90% of cropland being exclusively rainfed. A key obstacle to rural development and poverty elimination is the lack of electricity access: less than one in three dwellers have electricity at home. The main barrier to rural electrification is the capital-intensiveness of energy supply infrastructure among sparse communities with low demand density and insecurity of payment. While public governments have largely been unable to channel the required resources, private players are often unwilling to pursue risky and unprofitable household electrification programs. In this context, this perspective argues that the paradigm of rural electrification should be centred around an integrated approach aiming at increasing agricultural productivity and profitability. These bear the necessary potential to enable local income generation and thus also provide an incentive for private energy investment, including in the residential sector. A framework for the integrated approach is proposed and the crucial synergetic role of data modelling and business and policy research to pursue this paradigm is discussed.

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Akpojedje, France Onoabedje, and E. C. Mormah. "Transmission System and Rural Electrification Scheme in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges, Constraints and Way forward." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v2i2.60.

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This paper x-rayed the transmission system and rural electrification scheme in Nigeria. The electric power transmission network and rural electrification scheme were critically reviewed in terms of issues, challenges, constraints, roles and current state of the power systems to identify their areas of strength and shortcomings in the Nigeria power sector. The paper further proposes the way forward to enhance the performance of the Nigeria’s electric power transmission system and rural electrification scheme.

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Hartvigsson, Elias, Michael Stadler, and Gonçalo Cardoso. "Rural electrification and capacity expansion with an integrated modeling approach." Renewable Energy 115 (January 2018): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.08.049.

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El Mazouri, Fatima Zahra, Mohammed Chaouki Abounaima, Khalid Zenkouar, and Ahmed El Hilali Alaoui. "Application of the ELECTRE III Method at the Moroccan Rural Electrification Program." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp3285-3295.

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As part of the integrated strategy of the Moroccan state aimed at the social and economic development of the Moroccan rural community, an electrification program has been in place since the 90s. This program, called PEGR, has for main objective the improvement of the electrification rate for the national rural world. Given the large number of villages to be electrified and the colossal budget that will induce, several criteria have been retained to objectively distinguish the villages with the highest priority for electrification. Given the nature of this problem to be solved, which is a multicriteria decision aid problem, we propose in this article to use the multicriteria aggregation method ELECTRE III to rank the villages from the highest priority to the lowest priority for the electrification.

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Taye, Biniyam Zemene, Tewodros Gera Workineh, Abraham Hizikiel Nebey, and Habtemariam Aberie Kefale. "Rural electrification planning using Geographic Information System (GIS)." Cogent Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1836730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1836730.

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Rojas, R. E., J. S. Chaves, and M. C. Tavares. "Ferroresonance mitigation for the unconventional rural electrification system." Electric Power Systems Research 223 (October 2023): 109590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109590.

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Satpute, Anand Vijay, and E. Vijay Kumar. "Influence of Rural Electrification for Development of Quality of Life:A Preliminary Investigation." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 17, 2021): 1056–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/12467.

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Evaluating the importance of electricity in one’s life is the key to success. The present article brings light on the role of electrification not only for meeting the mere utilities but also on the enhancement of capability of rural people of India. Electrification can play a vital role in accelerating the quality of life of the people. Two villages in Nashik district within the state of Maharashtra have been taken for the qualitative evaluation. The study uncovered the fact that, electricity may be treated as a climacteric means to enhance people’s decisions and opportunities within the trailing of quality lives. In addition to this, it also uncovered that the advantages of electricity don’t seem to be uniformly benefitted all the families within the villages taken for the survey. Government policies for rural electrification should be backpedalled and the conventional definition of electrification in rural areas must be integrated with the scope of usage of solar photovoltaic. This article additionally suggests that the policies are to be made to increase easy access to electricity by rural people for adding value to their quality of life and enhancing their capabilities in the present socio-political environment.

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Alves, Kariston Dias, Daniel Albiero, Rudi Henri Van Els, Artur Vitório Andrade Santos, and José Diogo Forte de Oliveira Luna. "Rural electrification in the brazilian Amazon- scenario of non-interconnected system." Brazilian Journal of Development 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 7883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n2-114.

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This article presents an overview of electrification in Brazil, especially the Amazon region, showing the challenges encountered in this part of the country, which for the most part remain with cities as isolated systems because it is not connected to the national interconnected electrical grid. The article contextualizes the entire joint effort between the government and the private sector, as well as presenting the actions that are currently being adopted to promote rural electrification in the region.

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Ibrahim, Muhammad, M. Anisuzzaman, S. Kumar, and S. C. Bhattacharya. "Demonstration of PV micro-utility system for rural electrification." Solar Energy 72, no. 6 (June 2002): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(02)00030-0.

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David, Makumbi, Afam Uzorka, and Yakubu Ajiji Makeri. "Optimisation of a Renewable Energy System for Rural Electrification." Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 10, no. 11 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2022.1011001.

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Lucas, N. J. D., and D. B. Yu. "A decision support system for technologies of rural electrification." International Journal of Energy Research 11, no. 1 (January 1987): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440110107.

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Giwangkara, Jannata, and Bart Van Campen. "Planning the Electrification of Rural Villages in East Nusa Tenggara Using Renewable Energy Generation." Indonesian Journal of Energy 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/ije.v1i1.10.

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Providing accessible, affordable and renewable electricity to rural areas in developing countries like Indonesia, is arguably challenging. The higher initial cost of renewable, as compared to conventional energy technologies, is often viewed as an obstacle in the rural electrification decision-making process. This study is conducted to examine the techno-economic feasibility of renewable energy generation options to bring electricity to the rural villages in Indonesia with Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) as a case study. In this study, three village electrification scenarios were generated: basic (with the demand load of 150,5 kWh/day), moderate (359,9 kWh/day) and advanced electrification (579 kWh/day). To supply the load, three energy technologies were compared: conventional technology (diesel-powered); renewables technology (solar PV, and wind turbines); and hybrid technology (combination of diesel, solar PV and wind). The Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resource (HOMER) software was selected to model the best-optimised system configuration for the scenarios with defined constraints and sensitivity analysis. The study also investigates the impact and benefit of each system on the environment, specifically on CO2 emissions and pricing options. The results found that the renewable energy village-grid system (mostly powered by solar PV) is more competitive than the diesel-powered system in all scenarios. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of renewable energy system for each scenario is 0,66 USD/kWh (basic), 0,74 USD/kWh (moderate) and 0,55 USD/kWh (advance) respectively. This preliminary study concludes that rural electrification with renewables is a feasible option for a generic, modeled village in ENT. More, specific case research would be needed. JEL Classification: Q42, Q54Keywords: East Nusa Tenggara, electrification planning, HOMER, LCOE, renewable energy, rural electrification.

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Natividad, Lauren E., and Pablo Benalcazar. "Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Rural Development: Perspectives and Challenges in Energy Systems Modeling." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031328.

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Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) have proven to be viable solutions for rural electrification. They not only electrify rural locations but also provide environmentally sustainable, secure, and affordable energy if optimized. These systems can best be described as generators of electricity from multiple energy sources that complement each other. Optimized HRESs often generate affordable electricity by minimizing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and carbon emissions. The investigation of social benefit factors within energy poverty is a relatively new discussion in the study of modeling off-grid energy systems. In this perspective article, we examine the importance of computational tools for the energy transition of rural and remote communities. We show that classical and heuristic models possess the capability of optimizing hybrid renewable energy systems considering social parameters including health, education, and income. This is followed by a discussion about the potential changes these computational tools would need to go through to integrate interdisciplinary factors and address societal transformations. The essence of this paper showcases the influx of literature about this topic; additionally, we look beyond the traditional optimization approaches to disclose that new contributions are evolving based on both current and potential needs within society.

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Mothilal Bhagavathy, Sivapriya, and Gobind Pillai. "PV Microgrid Design for Rural Electrification." Designs 2, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2030033.

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There are high numbers of remote villages that still need electrification in some countries. Extension of the central electrical power network to these villages is not viable owing to the high costs and power losses involved. Isolated power systems such as rural microgrids based on renewables could be a potential solution. Photovoltaics (PV) technology is particularly suited for countries like India due to factors such as the available solar resource, the modularity of the technology and low technology costs. It was identified that unlike larger isolated power systems, rural microgrids have a low energy demand as the loads are mainly residential and street lighting. Hence, these microgrids could be of a single-phase configuration. At present, the typical procedure followed by planners of rural networks does not consider the importance of PV source siting and optimisation of network structure. An improved design procedure is introduced in this work based on the use of centres of moments for central PV system sizing, simulated annealing for network structure optimisation and load flow based parametric analysis for confirming the PV microgrid structure before detailed software-based PV design. Case studies of two remote villages are used to inform and illustrate the design procedure.

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Aloysius, Ekpo Andifiok, and Dr Nelson Ogbogu. "Optimization of Hybrid Energy Systems for Rural Electrification." International journal of Science and Engineering Applications 10, no. 05 (April 22, 2021): 062–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7753/ijsea1005.1003.

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This study is an optimization of hybrid energy system in Nigeria, the energy requirement of Ikot Inyang rural community is satisfied after carrying out the design and simulation of different variables, the optimal systems were a system that consisted of 5 wind turbines, solar models and a diesel generator as energy sources. Ikot Inyang is a rural community located in Akwa Ibom state, South-South Nigeria, the community is connected to the national electricity network (grid) but the power supply is rarely consistent. The load estimate analysis showed that Ikot Inyang had peak load 58.62kW and peak energy demand per day as 670.65kWh. Eight (8) different design plans were considered and simulations were carried out using HOMER software. Several factors were used to determine the most optimal system, which includes the Net Present Cost, Levelized Cost of Energy, Renewable Fraction and system emissions. This was carried out for the 25 years project life time. The design plans were made of stand-alone systems as well as combination of many generating sources with battery included in some systems, various simulations were carried out. HOMER Presented the most technical and economical solution to meet the load demand at the least Net Present Cost, least Levelized Cost of Energy and allowable Renewable fraction. The most optimal solution for Ikot Inyang involved a combination of a 50Kw diesel generator, 5 Bergey Excel 10 wind turbine, 134kW solar model, 204 strings of Hoppecke 12 OPzS 1500 battery and 2 Leonics MTP-413F 25kW converter. The dispatch method used for this system was the Load Following dispatch method. This method produced at least Net Present Cost of $1.7M (N349.36M), Levelized Cost of Energy of $0.228 (N74.74), considerably high Renewable Fraction of 84.7%, When this result was compared with a diesel generator only system, it showed 77.2% reduction in the diesel saving fuel cost. Comparison with a design plan consisting of diesel generator only showed that 202,155kg of carbon dioxide is saved per year and 1,262kg of carbon monoxide is saved per year when making use of the most optimal system design.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Integrated rural electrification system'

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