Journal articles: 'Integrated quantum nanophotonics'

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Osborne, Ian S. "Integrated quantum nanophotonics." Science 354, no. 6314 (November 17, 2016): 843.11–845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.354.6314.843-k.

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Hausmann, Birgit J. M., Brendan Shields, Qimin Quan, Patrick Maletinsky, Murray McCutcheon, Jennifer T. Choy, Tom M. Babinec, et al. "Integrated Diamond Networks for Quantum Nanophotonics." Nano Letters 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2012): 1578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl204449n.

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Altug, Hatice. "Nanophotonic Metasurfaces for Biosensing and Imaging." EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 12001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921512001.

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Nanophotonics excels at confining light into nanoscale optical mode volumes and generating dramatically enhanced light matter interactions. These unique aspects have been unveiling a plethora of fundamentally new optical phenomena, yet a critical issue ahead for nanophotonics is the development of novel devices and applications that can take advantage of these nano-scale effects. It is expected that nanophotonics will lead to disruptive technologies in energy harvesting, quantum and integrated photonics, optical computing and including biosensing. To this end, our research is focused on the application of nanophotonics to introduce powerful biosensors that can have impact on a wide range of areas including basic research in life sciences, early disease diagnostics, safety and point-of-care testing. In particular, we exploit nanophotonics and its integration with microfluidics to address key challenges of current biosensors and develop devices that can enable label-free, ultra-sensitive, multiplexed, rapid and real-time measurements on biomolecules, pathogens and living systems. In this talk I will present some of our recent work on nanophotonic meta surfaces for biosensing and bioimaging as well as their applications in real-world settings.

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Chen, Yueyang, David Sharp, Abhi Saxena, Hao Nguyen, Brandi M. Cossairt, and Arka Majumdar. "Integrated Quantum Nanophotonics with Solution‐Processed Materials." Advanced Quantum Technologies 5, no. 1 (November 20, 2021): 2100078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qute.202100078.

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Pérez, Daniel, Ivana Gasulla, and José Capmany. "Programmable multifunctional integrated nanophotonics." Nanophotonics 7, no. 8 (July 28, 2018): 1351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0051.

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AbstractProgrammable multifunctional integrated nanophotonics (PMIN) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that can be elaborated for basic or more complex operations in many application fields. The interest in PMIN is driven by the surge of a considerable number of emerging applications in the fields of telecommunications, quantum information processing, sensing and neurophotonics that will be calling for flexible, reconfigurable, low-cost, compact and low-power-consuming devices, much in the same way as how field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices operate in electronics. The success of PMIN relies on the research into suitable interconnection hardware architectures that can offer a very high spatial regularity as well as the possibility of independently setting (with a very low power consumption) the interconnection state of each connecting element. Integrated waveguide meshes provide regular and periodic geometries, formed by replicating a unit cell, which can take the form of a square, hexagon or triangle, among other configurations. Each side of the cell is formed by two integrated waveguides connected by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) or a tunable directional coupler that can be operated by means of an output control signal as a crossbar switch or as a variable coupler with independent power division ratio and phase shift. In this paper, we review the recent advances reported in the field of PMIN and, especially, in those based on integrated photonic waveguide meshes, both from the theoretical as well as from the experimental point of view. We pay special attention to outlining the design principles, material platforms, synthesis algorithms and practical constraints of these structures and discuss their applicability to different fields.

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Vaidya, V. D., B. Morrison, L. G. Helt, R. Shahrokshahi, D. H. Mahler, M. J. Collins, K. Tan, et al. "Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device." Science Advances 6, no. 39 (September 2020): eaba9186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba9186.

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We report demonstrations of both quadrature-squeezed vacuum and photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of photon statistics using photon number–resolving transition-edge sensors. We measure 1.0(1) decibels of broadband quadrature squeezing (~4 decibels inferred on-chip) and 1.5(3) decibels of photon number difference squeezing (~7 decibels inferred on-chip). Nearly single temporal mode operation is achieved, with measured raw unheralded second-order correlations g(2) as high as 1.95(1). Multiphoton events of over 10 photons are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology.

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Sipahigil, A., R. E. Evans, D. D. Sukachev, M. J. Burek, J. Borregaard, M. K. Bhaskar, C. T. Nguyen, et al. "An integrated diamond nanophotonics platform for quantum-optical networks." Science 354, no. 6314 (October 13, 2016): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6875.

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Roques-Carmes, Charles, Steven E. Kooi, Yi Yang, Nicholas Rivera, Phillip D. Keathley, John D. Joannopoulos, Steven G. Johnson, Ido Kaminer, Karl K. Berggren, and Marin Soljačić. "Free-electron–light interactions in nanophotonics." Applied Physics Reviews 10, no. 1 (March 2023): 011303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118096.

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When impinging on optical structures or passing in their vicinity, free electrons can spontaneously emit electromagnetic radiation, a phenomenon generally known as cathodoluminescence. Free-electron radiation comes in many guises: Cherenkov, transition, and Smith–Purcell radiation, but also electron scintillation, commonly referred to as incoherent cathodoluminescence. While those effects have been at the heart of many fundamental discoveries and technological developments in high-energy physics in the past century, their recent demonstration in photonic and nanophotonic systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Those developments arose from predictions that exploit nanophotonics for novel radiation regimes, now becoming accessible thanks to advances in nanofabrication. In general, the proper design of nanophotonic structures can enable shaping, control, and enhancement of free-electron radiation, for any of the above-mentioned effects. Free-electron radiation in nanophotonics opens the way to promising applications, such as widely tunable integrated light sources from x-ray to THz frequencies, miniaturized particle accelerators, and highly sensitive high-energy particle detectors. Here, we review the emerging field of free-electron radiation in nanophotonics. We first present a general, unified framework to describe free-electron light–matter interaction in arbitrary nanophotonic systems. We then show how this framework sheds light on the physical underpinnings of many methods in the field used to control and enhance free-electron radiation. Namely, the framework points to the central role played by the photonic eigenmodes in controlling the output properties of free-electron radiation (e.g., frequency, directionality, and polarization). We then review experimental techniques to characterize free-electron radiation in scanning and transmission electron microscopes, which have emerged as the central platforms for experimental realization of the phenomena described in this review. We further discuss various experimental methods to control and extract spectral, angular, and polarization-resolved information on free-electron radiation. We conclude this review by outlining novel directions for this field, including ultrafast and quantum effects in free-electron radiation, tunable short-wavelength emitters in the ultraviolet and soft x-ray regimes, and free-electron radiation from topological states in photonic crystals.

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Mattioli, Francesco, Sara Cibella, Alessandro Gaggero, Francesco Martini, and Roberto Leoni. "Waveguide-integrated niobium- nitride detectors for on-chip quantum nanophotonics." Nanotechnology 32, no. 10 (December 10, 2020): 104001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abcc97.

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Chin, Lip Ket, Yuzhi Shi, and Ai-Qun Liu. "Optical Forces in Silicon Nanophotonics and Optomechanical Systems: Science and Applications." Advanced Devices & Instrumentation 2020 (October 26, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/1964015.

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Light-matter interactions have been explored for more than 40 years to achieve physical modulation of nanostructures or the manipulation of nanoparticle/biomolecule. Silicon photonics is a mature technology with standard fabrication techniques to fabricate micro- and nano-sized structures with a wide range of material properties (silicon oxides, silicon nitrides, p- and n-doping, etc.), high dielectric properties, high integration compatibility, and high biocompatibilities. Owing to these superior characteristics, silicon photonics is a promising approach to demonstrate optical force-based integrated devices and systems for practical applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of optical force in silicon nanophotonic and optomechanical systems and their latest technological development. First, we discuss various types of optical forces in light-matter interactions from particles or nanostructures. We then present particle manipulation in silicon nanophotonics and highlight its applications in biological and biomedical fields. Next, we discuss nanostructure mechanical modulation in silicon optomechanical devices, presenting their applications in photonic network, quantum physics, phonon manipulation, physical sensors, etc. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of optical force-based integrated silicon photonics.

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Shiue, Ren-Jye, Dmitri K. Efetov, Gabriele Grosso, Cheng Peng, Kin Chung Fong, and Dirk Englund. "Active 2D materials for on-chip nanophotonics and quantum optics." Nanophotonics 6, no. 6 (March 15, 2017): 1329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0172.

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AbstractTwo-dimensional materials have emerged as promising candidates to augment existing optical networks for metrology, sensing, and telecommunication, both in the classical and quantum mechanical regimes. Here, we review the development of several on-chip photonic components ranging from electro-optic modulators, photodetectors, bolometers, and light sources that are essential building blocks for a fully integrated nanophotonic and quantum photonic circuit.

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Xavier, Jolly, Deshui Yu, Callum Jones, Ekaterina Zossimova, and Frank Vollmer. "Quantum nanophotonic and nanoplasmonic sensing: towards quantum optical bioscience laboratories on chip." Nanophotonics 10, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1387–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0593.

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Abstract Quantum-enhanced sensing and metrology pave the way for promising routes to fulfil the present day fundamental and technological demands for integrated chips which surpass the classical functional and measurement limits. The most precise measurements of optical properties such as phase or intensity require quantum optical measurement schemes. These non-classical measurements exploit phenomena such as entanglement and squeezing of optical probe states. They are also subject to lower detection limits as compared to classical photodetection schemes. Biosensing with non-classical light sources of entangled photons or squeezed light holds the key for realizing quantum optical bioscience laboratories which could be integrated on chip. Single-molecule sensing with such non-classical sources of light would be a forerunner to attaining the smallest uncertainty and the highest information per photon number. This demands an integrated non-classical sensing approach which would combine the subtle non-deterministic measurement techniques of quantum optics with the device-level integration capabilities attained through nanophotonics as well as nanoplasmonics. In this back drop, we review the underlining principles in quantum sensing, the quantum optical probes and protocols as well as state-of-the-art building blocks in quantum optical sensing. We further explore the recent developments in quantum photonic/plasmonic sensing and imaging together with the potential of combining them with burgeoning field of coupled cavity integrated optoplasmonic biosensing platforms.

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Harris, Nicholas C., Darius Bunandar, Mihir Pant, Greg R. Steinbrecher, Jacob Mower, Mihika Prabhu, Tom Baehr-Jones, Michael Hochberg, and Dirk Englund. "Large-scale quantum photonic circuits in silicon." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0146.

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AbstractQuantum information science offers inherently more powerful methods for communication, computation, and precision measurement that take advantage of quantum superposition and entanglement. In recent years, theoretical and experimental advances in quantum computing and simulation with photons have spurred great interest in developing large photonic entangled states that challenge today’s classical computers. As experiments have increased in complexity, there has been an increasing need to transition bulk optics experiments to integrated photonics platforms to control more spatial modes with higher fidelity and phase stability. The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonics platform offers new possibilities for quantum optics, including the integration of bright, nonclassical light sources, based on the large third-order nonlinearity (χ(3)) of silicon, alongside quantum state manipulation circuits with thousands of optical elements, all on a single phase-stable chip. How large do these photonic systems need to be? Recent theoretical work on Boson Sampling suggests that even the problem of sampling from e30 identical photons, having passed through an interferometer of hundreds of modes, becomes challenging for classical computers. While experiments of this size are still challenging, the SOI platform has the required component density to enable low-loss and programmable interferometers for manipulating hundreds of spatial modes.Here, we discuss the SOI nanophotonics platform for quantum photonic circuits with hundreds-to-thousands of optical elements and the associated challenges. We compare SOI to competing technologies in terms of requirements for quantum optical systems. We review recent results on large-scale quantum state evolution circuits and strategies for realizing high-fidelity heralded gates with imperfect, practical systems. Next, we review recent results on silicon photonics-based photon-pair sources and device architectures, and we discuss a path towards large-scale source integration. Finally, we review monolithic integration strategies for single-photon detectors and their essential role in on-chip feed forward operations.

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Picardi, Michela F., Cillian P. T. McPolin, Jack J. Kingsley-Smith, Xudong Zhang, Shumin Xiao, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Fortuño, and Anatoly V. Zayats. "Integrated Janus dipole source for selective coupling to silicon waveguide networks." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 021410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085487.

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The efficient selective and directional coupling of light to waveguiding circuitry at the nanoscale is one of the key challenges in nanophotonics, as it constitutes a prerequisite for many applications, including information processing, routing, and quantum technologies. Various exotic nanostructures and nanoparticle arrangements have been designed to achieve directional coupling with compact on-chip integration remaining one of the foremost hurdles to realizing many real-world devices. At the same time, selective coupling to one of several neighboring waveguides is much more difficult to achieve and control. To address this challenge, we demonstrate a subwavelength selective coupler integrated in a waveguide network, with selectivity controlled by wavelength, polarization, and angle of incidence. We utilize a Janus source, which is composed of a superposition of electric and magnetic dipoles, supported by a silicon nanocylinder. By placing the nanocylinder between identical single mode silicon waveguides, we successfully achieve selective coupling with a high contrast ratio between the waveguides. The operating wavelength of the Janus dipolar source can be easily tailored, and the coupling efficiency is also shown to be conveniently boosted by the addition of multiple nanocylinders. Our compact approach provides a direct path toward on-chip highly directional nanoscale sources for a plethora of applications, including information routing, metrology, and quantum technologies.

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Huang, Can, Chen Zhang, Shumin Xiao, Yuhan Wang, Yubin Fan, Yilin Liu, Nan Zhang, et al. "Ultrafast control of vortex microlasers." Science 367, no. 6481 (February 27, 2020): 1018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba4597.

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The development of classical and quantum information–processing technology calls for on-chip integrated sources of structured light. Although integrated vortex microlasers have been previously demonstrated, they remain static and possess relatively high lasing thresholds, making them unsuitable for high-speed optical communication and computing. We introduce perovskite-based vortex microlasers and demonstrate their application to ultrafast all-optical switching at room temperature. By exploiting both mode symmetry and far-field properties, we reveal that the vortex beam lasing can be switched to linearly polarized beam lasing, or vice versa, with switching times of 1 to 1.5 picoseconds and energy consumption that is orders of magnitude lower than in previously demonstrated all-optical switching. Our results provide an approach that breaks the long-standing trade-off between low energy consumption and high-speed nanophotonics, introducing vortex microlasers that are switchable at terahertz frequencies.

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Rodt, S., and S. Reitzenstein. "Integrated nanophotonics for the development of fully functional quantum circuits based on on-demand single-photon emitters." APL Photonics 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 010901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0031628.

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Zhang, Ziheng, Tong Li, Xiaofei Jiao, Guofeng Song, and Yun Xu. "High-Efficiency All-Dielectric Metasurfaces for the Generation and Detection of Focused Optical Vortex for the Ultraviolet Domain." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 5716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165716.

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The optical vortex (OV) has drawn considerable attention owing to its tremendous advanced applications, such as optical communication, quantum entanglement, and on-chip detectors. However, traditional OV generators suffer from a bulky configuration and limited performance, especially in the ultraviolet range. In this paper, we utilize a large bandgap dielectric material, niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), to construct ultra-thin and compact transmission-type metasurfaces to generate and detect the OV at a wavelength of 355 nm. The meta-atom, which operates as a miniature half-wave plate and demonstrates a large tolerance to fabrication error, manipulates the phase of an incident right-handed circular polarized wave with high cross-polarized conversion efficiency (around 86.9%). The phase delay of π between the orthogonal electric field component is attributed to the anti-parallel magnetic dipoles induced in the nanobar. Besides, focused vortex generation (topological charge l from 1 to 3) and multichannel detection (l from −2 to 2) are demonstrated with high efficiency, up to 79.2%. We envision that our devices of high flexibility may have potential applications in high-performance micron-scale integrated ultraviolet nanophotonics and meta-optics.

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Niu, Xinxiang, Xiaoyong Hu, Cuicui Lu, Yan Sheng, Hong Yang, and Qihuang Gong. "Broadband dispersive free, large, and ultrafast nonlinear material platforms for photonics." Nanophotonics 9, no. 15 (September 16, 2020): 4609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0420.

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AbstractBroadband dispersion free, large and ultrafast nonlinear material platforms comprise the essential foundation for the study of nonlinear optics, integrated optics, intense field optical physics, and quantum optics. Despite substantial research efforts, such material platforms have not been established up to now because of intrinsic contradictions between large nonlinear optical coefficient, broad operating bandwidth, and ultrafast response time. In this work, a broadband dispersion free, large and ultrafast nonlinear material platform based on broadband epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material is experimentally demonstrated, which is designed through a novel physical mechanism of combining structural dispersion and material dispersion. The broadband ENZ material is constructed of periodically nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO) films, and the structure is designed with the help of theoretical predictions combined with algorithm optimization. Within the whole broad ENZ wavelength range (from 1300 to 1500 nm), a wavelength-independent and large average nonlinear refractive index of −4.85 × 10−11 cm2/W, which is enlarged by around 20 times than that of an unstructured ITO film at its single ENZ wavelength, and an ultrafast response speed at the scale of Tbit/s are experimentally reached simultaneously. This work not only provides a new approach for constructing nonlinear optical materials but also lays the material foundation for the application of nanophotonics.

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Serna, Rosalia, Jose Gonzalo, Antonio Mariscal-Jimenez, Pilar Gomez Rodriguez, and Andres Caño. "(Invited) Nanocrystalline Oxide-Based Luminescent Nanophotonic Structures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 20 (July 7, 2022): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01201095mtgabs.

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Light nanoemiters are the cornerstone of photonic integrated applications including displays for consumer products such as phones and smartwatches, and for advanced application such as quantum emitters. In this context it is appealing to have access to a single material platform suitable for tunable wavelength emission, and if possible, that can provide broadband white light emission. Solid state light emitting nanostructures based on Europium ions are a promising solution. When imbedded in a solid they can have two oxidation states Eu3+ or Eu2+ which upon excitation show a either a high purity red emission (associated to the Eu3+ dipole-forbidden intra-4f shell 5D0® 7F2 transition), or a broad emission band in the 450-600 nm spectral region (related to the Eu2+ dipole-allowed 4f6 5d -> 4f7 transitions). Here I will discuss the strategy that our group is following based on europium oxides EuOx, 1/3<x<1, as this approach allows to have a high density of emitters. Moreover, their electric and optical properties can be tuned from the sesquioxide Eu2O3 that is a wide bandgap dielectric that shows the Eu3+ ion related narrow band red emission, to the monoxide EuO that is a semiconductor that shows a wide band white light emission related to the Eu2+ ion. For the nanoemitters we have prepared EuOx nanocrystalline films with high transparency, and in which the coexistence of both oxidation Eu states enables wavelength tunability [1.2]. Finally, recently we have designed 2D hybrid nanoemitters by integrating the EuOx films with metallic metasurfaces in order to induce an enhancement of the emission intensity by selective plasmonic excitation [3]. [1] A. Mariscal, A. Quesada, A. Tarazaga Martín-Luengo, Miguel A. García, A. Bonanni, J.F. Fernández and R. Serna, Appl. Surf. Science 456,980 (2018). [2] A. Mariscal-Jiménez, A. Tarazaga Martín-Luengo, B. Galiana, C. Ballesteros, A. Bonanni, J. Martín-Sánchez, R. Serna, J. Phys. Chem. C. 124, 15434–15439 (2020). [3] P. Gomez-Rodriguez, E. Soria, Y. Jin, A. Caño, I. Llorente, A. Cuadrado, A. Mariscal-Jiménez, A. K. Petford-Long, R. Serna and J. Gonzalo, Nanophotonics. 10, 3995–4007 (2021).

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Atwater, Harry. "(Keynote) Van Der Waals Active Metasurfaces and Heterostructures for Phase Modulation and Polarization Conversion." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 12 (July 7, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0112861mtgabs.

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A grand challenge for nanophotonics is the realization of tunable metasurfaces enabling active control of the key constitutive properties of light – amplitude, phase, wavevector and polarization. Active metasurfaces that enable dynamic modulation of reflection amplitude, phase and polarization have been recently explored using several active materials and modulation phenomena, including carrier index in plasmonic ENZ structures, reorientation of liquid crystal molecules, electrooptic effects in quantum well heterostructures and index change in phase change materials. The rapid advances in understanding of exciton resonances in layered van der Waals materials has now stimulated thinking about active metasurfaces that exploit excitonic modulation phenomena to enable ‘van der Waals active metasurfaces’. As one example, I will describe recent advances in electrically reconfigurable polarization conversion across the telecommunication wavelength range in van der Waals layered materials, integrated in a Fabry-Pérot cavity. The large electrical tunability of the excitonic birefringence in tri-layer black phosphorus enables spectrally broadband polarization conversion over nearly half the Poincaré sphere. We observe both linear to circular and cross-polarization conversion with voltage, demonstrating dynamic access to polarization diversity. As a second example, we discuss the observed large gate tunability of the complex refractive index in monolayer MoSe2 by Fermi level modulation near the A and B excitonic resonances for temperatures between 4 K to 150 K. By tuning the charge density, we observe both temperature and carrier dependent epsilon-near-zero response in the permittivity and transition from metallic to dielectric near the A exciton energy, and directly observe active phase modulation in monolayer MoSe2 gated heterostructures, whose voltage dependence is consistent with our complex index measurements. These results have broad implications for the use of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides in active metasurfaces, and I also will give a general outlook for the wide range of possibilities for active van der Waals metasurfaces.

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Фотиади, А. А. "Лазерные источники с низким уровнем шума: от микроволновой фотоники до плазмоники и биотехнологий." Nanoindustry Russia 14, no. 3-4 (July 30, 2021): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2021.14.3-4.168.173.

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Исследования в области оптоэлектроники, нелинейной оптики, волоконных лазеров не ограничиваются только фундаментальными задачами, на их основе создаются различные датчики, приборы и устройства для широкого круга применений – от микроволновой фотоники до биотехнологий. Ряд направлений, таких как создание интегрированных оптических чипов, требует уменьшения уровня шума лазерных источников, другие нуждаются в разработке новых принципов создания распределенных датчиков физических величин, методик фотодинамической терапии различных поверхностных новообразований и управления биохимическими процессами в области клеточной терапии. Наша лаборатория работает в контексте этих направлений и в перспективе может стать центром, предлагающим научное сопровождение проектов по "Радиофотонике" и "Нанофотонике", реализуемых совместно с наукоемкими коммерческими компаниями. О лаборатории квантовой электроники и оптоэлектроники Научно-исследовательского технологического института имени С.П.Капицы (НИТИ) Ульяновского государственного университета, проводимых в ней исследованиях и их перспективах рассказывает кандидат физико-математических наук, руководитель лаборатории квантовой электроники и оптоэлектроники Фотиади Андрей Александрович. Studies in optoelectronics, nonlinear optics and fiber lasers are not limited to fundamental tasks only but also include design of various sensors, instruments and devices intended for a wide range of applications starting from microwave photonics to biotechnology. A number of tasks, such as development of the integrated optical chips, require a progress in laser sources of high spectral purity while other directions need advanced distributed sensors of physical values to be developed, techniques for photodynamic therapy of various kinds of superficial tumors and means enabling to control biochemical processes in the cell therapy. Our laboratory works in these areas and in the future it can become a center offering scientific support for projects in Radiophotonics and Nanophotonics, being realized in collaboration with high-tech commercial companies. The Head of the Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics Laboratory of Technological Research Institute named after S.P.Kapitza of Ulyanovsk State University, Cand. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics) Dr. Andrei A. Fotiadi tells about the studies conducted in the laboratory, the prospects of current research and future plans.

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Kang, Jang-Won, Byeong-Hyeok Kim, Hui Song, Yong-Ryun Jo, Sang-Hyun Hong, Gun Young Jung, Bong-Joong Kim, Seong-Ju Park, and Chang-Hee Cho. "Radial multi-quantum well ZnO nanorod arrays for nanoscale ultraviolet light-emitting diodes." Nanoscale 10, no. 31 (2018): 14812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr03711f.

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Goltsman, Gregory. "Quantum photonic integrated circuits with waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors." EPJ Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819002004.

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We show the design, a history of development as well as the most successful and promising approaches for QPICs realization based on hybrid nanophotonic-superconducting devices, where one of the key elements of such a circuit is a waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector (WSSPD). The potential of integration with fluorescent molecules is discussed also.

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Matsuda, Nobuyuki, and Hiroki Takesue. "Generation and manipulation of entangled photons on silicon chips." Nanophotonics 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0148.

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AbstractIntegrated quantum photonics is now seen as one of the promising approaches to realize scalable quantum information systems. With optical waveguides based on silicon photonics technologies, we can realize quantum optical circuits with a higher degree of integration than with silica waveguides. In addition, thanks to the large nonlinearity observed in silicon nanophotonic waveguides, we can implement active components such as entangled photon sources on a chip. In this paper, we report recent progress in integrated quantum photonic circuits based on silicon photonics. We review our work on correlated and entangled photon-pair sources on silicon chips, using nanoscale silicon waveguides and silicon photonic crystal waveguides. We also describe an on-chip quantum buffer realized using the slow-light effect in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide. As an approach to combine the merits of different waveguide platforms, a hybrid quantum circuit that integrates a silicon-based photon-pair source and a silica-based arrayed waveguide grating is also presented.

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Uppu, Ravitej, Freja T. Pedersen, Ying Wang, Cecilie T. Olesen, Camille Papon, Xiaoyan Zhou, Leonardo Midolo, et al. "Scalable integrated single-photon source." Science Advances 6, no. 50 (December 2020): eabc8268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc8268.

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Photonic qubits are key enablers for quantum information processing deployable across a distributed quantum network. An on-demand and truly scalable source of indistinguishable single photons is the essential component enabling high-fidelity photonic quantum operations. A main challenge is to overcome noise and decoherence processes to reach the steep benchmarks on generation efficiency and photon indistinguishability required for scaling up the source. We report on the realization of a deterministic single-photon source featuring near-unity indistinguishability using a quantum dot in an “on-chip” planar nanophotonic waveguide circuit. The device produces long strings of >100 single photons without any observable decrease in the mutual indistinguishability between photons. A total generation rate of 122 million photons per second is achieved, corresponding to an on-chip source efficiency of 84%. These specifications of the single-photon source are benchmarked for boson sampling and found to enable scaling into the regime of quantum advantage.

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Splitthoff, Lukas, Martin A. Wolff, Thomas Grottke, and Carsten Schuck. "Tantalum pentoxide nanophotonic circuits for integrated quantum technology." Optics Express 28, no. 8 (April 8, 2020): 11921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.388080.

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Stas, P. J., Y. Q. Huan, B. Machielse, E. N. Knall, A. Suleymanzade, B. Pingault, M. Sutula, et al. "Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection." Science 378, no. 6619 (November 4, 2022): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add9771.

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Long-distance quantum communication and networking require quantum memory nodes with efficient optical interfaces and long memory times. We report the realization of an integrated two-qubit network node based on silicon-vacancy centers (SiVs) in diamond nanophotonic cavities. Our qubit register consists of the SiV electron spin acting as a communication qubit and the strongly coupled silicon-29 nuclear spin acting as a memory qubit with a quantum memory time exceeding 2 seconds. By using a highly strained SiV, we realize electron-photon entangling gates at temperatures up to 1.5 kelvin and nucleus-photon entangling gates up to 4.3 kelvin. We also demonstrate efficient error detection in nuclear spin–photon gates by using the electron spin as a flag qubit, making this platform a promising candidate for scalable quantum repeaters.

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Chen, Zhi, Valentina Robbiano, Giuseppe M. Paternò, Giseppe Carnicella, Aline Debrassi, Antonino A. La Mattina, Stefano Mariani, et al. "Nanoscale Photoluminescence Manipulation in Monolithic Porous Silicon Oxide Microcavity Coated with Fluorescent Polyelectrolytes Via Electrostatic Nanoassembling." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 47 (July 7, 2022): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01471986mtgabs.

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Porous silicon (PSi) is a promising material for future integrated nanophotonics when coupled with guest emitters [1,2], still facing challenges in terms of homogenous distribution and nanometric thickness of the emitter coating within the silicon nanostructure. Herein, it is shown that the nanopore surface of a porous silicon oxide (PSiO2) microcavity (MC) can be conformally coated with a uniform nm-thick layer of a cationic light-emitting polyelectrolyte, e.g., poly(allylamine hydrochloride) labeled with Rhodamine B (PAH-RhoB), leveraging the self-tuned electrostatic interaction of the positively-charged PAH-RhoB polymer and negatively-charged PSiO2 surface. It is found that the emission of PAH-RhoB in the PSiO2 MC is enhanced (≈2.5×) and narrowed (≈30×) at the resonant wavelength, compared with that of PAH-RhoB in a non-resonant PSiO2 reference structure [3]. The time-resolved photoluminescence analysis highlights a shortening (≈20%) of the PAH-RhoB emission lifetime in the PSiO2 MC at the resonance versus off-resonance wavelengths, and with respect to the reference structure, thereby proving a significant variation of the radiative decay rate. Remarkably, an experimental Purcell factor Fp = 2.82 is achieved. This is further confirmed by the enhance- ment of the photoluminescence quantum yield of the PAH-RhoB in the PSiO2 MC with respect to the reference structure. By building on these results, we envisage many emerging photonic applications of the electrostatic nanoassembly coating technology for introduction of foreign emitters into PSi-based photonic nano-/mesostructures, though not lim- ited to, including ultrasensitive fluorescence-enhanced optical nanosensors, nanolasers, exciton-polaritonic devices, spintronic devices, and quantum optical devices. References [1] V. Robbiano, G. M. Paterno, A. A. La Mattina, S. G. Motti, G. Lanzani, F. Scotognella, G. Barillaro, ACS Nano 2018, 12, 4536. [2] V. Robbiano, S. Surdo, A. Minotto, G. Canazza, G. M. Lazzerini, S. M. Mian, D. Comoretto, G. Barillaro, F. Cacialli, Nanomater. Nanotechnol. 2018, 8, 184798041878840. [3] Z. Chen, V. Robbiano, G. M. Paternò, G. Carnicella, A. Debrassi, A. A. La Mattina, S. Mariani, A. Minotto, G. Egri, L. Dähne, F. Cacialli, G. Barillaro, Adv. Optical Mater. 2021, 2100036 Acknowledgements Z.C. and V.R. contributed equally to this work. G.B. and Z.C. acknowledges the European Community and the Tuscany Region for their funding within the framework of the SAFE WATER project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research & Innovation program and the ERA-NET “PhotonicSensing” cofund – G.A. No 688735). G.M.P. thanks Fondazione Cariplo by (grant n° 2018-0979) for financial support. F.C. and A.M. acknowledge funding by EPSRC (grant EP/P006280/1, MARVEL), and G.C. and V.R. the European Community’s H2020 ETN MSCA action under grant agreement 643238 (SYNCHRONICS). F.C. acknowledges the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation for a Royal Society Wolfson Foundation Research Merit Award.

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Ferrari, Simone, Carsten Schuck, and Wolfram Pernice. "Waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors." Nanophotonics 7, no. 11 (September 20, 2018): 1725–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0059.

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AbstractIntegration of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with nanophotonic waveguides is a key technological step that enables a broad range of classical and quantum technologies on chip-scale platforms. The excellent detection efficiency, timing and noise performance of these detectors have sparked growing interest over the last decade and have found use in diverse applications. Almost 10 years after the first waveguide-coupled superconducting detectors were proposed, here, we review the performance metrics of these devices, compare both superconducting and dielectric waveguide material systems and present prominent emerging applications.

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Eich, Alexander, Tobias C. Spiekermann, Helge Gehring, Lisa Sommer, Julian R. Bankwitz, Philip P. J. Schrinner, Johann A. Preuß, et al. "Single-Photon Emission from Individual Nanophotonic-Integrated Colloidal Quantum Dots." ACS Photonics 9, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.1c01493.

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Türschmann, Pierre, Hanna Le Jeannic, Signe F. Simonsen, Harald R. Haakh, Stephan Götzinger, Vahid Sandoghdar, Peter Lodahl, and Nir Rotenberg. "Coherent nonlinear optics of quantum emitters in nanophotonic waveguides." Nanophotonics 8, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 1641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0126.

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AbstractCoherent quantum optics, where the phase of a photon is not scrambled as it interacts with an emitter, lies at the heart of many quantum optical effects and emerging technologies. Solid-state emitters coupled to nanophotonic waveguides are a promising platform for quantum devices, as this element can be integrated into complex photonic chips. Yet, preserving the full coherence properties of the coupled emitter-waveguide system is challenging because of the complex and dynamic electromagnetic landscape found in the solid state. Here, we review progress toward coherent light-matter interactions with solid-state quantum emitters coupled to nanophotonic waveguides. We first lay down the theoretical foundation for coherent and nonlinear light-matter interactions of a two-level system in a quasi-one-dimensional system, and then benchmark experimental realizations. We discuss higher order nonlinearities that arise as a result of the addition of photons of different frequencies, more complex energy level schemes of the emitters, and the coupling of multiple emitters via a shared photonic mode. Throughout, we highlight protocols for applications and novel effects that are based on these coherent interactions, the steps taken toward their realization, and the challenges that remain to be overcome.

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Zhao, Mengdi, and Kejie Fang. "InGaP quantum nanophotonic integrated circuits with 1.5% nonlinearity-to-loss ratio." Optica 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.440383.

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Sugimoto, Y., N. Ikeda, N. Ozaki, Y. Watanabe, S. Ohkouchi, T. Kuroda, T. Mano, et al. "Advanced quantum dot and photonic crystal technologies for integrated nanophotonic circuits." Microelectronics Journal 40, no. 4-5 (April 2009): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2008.11.003.

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Huang, L., M. C. Hegg, C. J. Wang, and L. Y. Lin. "Fabrication of a nanophotonic quantum dot waveguide and photodetector integrated device." Micro & Nano Letters 2, no. 4 (2007): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl:20070053.

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HARRIS, JAMES S. "(GaIn)(NAsSb): MBE GROWTH, HETEROSTRUCTURE AND NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES." International Journal of Nanoscience 06, no. 03n04 (June 2007): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x07004699.

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Dilute nitride GaInNAs and GaInNAsSb alloys grown on GaAs have quickly become excellent candidates for a variety of lower cost 1.2–1.6 μm lasers, optical amplifiers, and high power Raman pump lasers that will be required in the networks to provide high speed communications to the desktop. Because these quantum well active regions can be grown on GaAs , the distributed mirror technology for vertical cavity surface emitting lasers coupling into waveguides and fibers and photonic crystal structures can be readily combined with GaInNAsSb active regions to produce a variety of advanced photonic devices that will be crucial for advanced photonic integrated circuits. GaInNAs ( Sb ) provides several new challenges compared to earlier III–V alloys because of the limited solubility of N , phase segregation, nonradiative defects caused by the low growth temperature, and ion damage from the N plasma source. This paper describes progress in overcoming some of the material challenges and progress in realizing record setting edge emitting lasers, the first VCSELs operating at 1.5 μm based on GaInNAsSb and integrated photonic crystal and nanoaperture lasers.

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Menon, Shankar G., Kevin Singh, Johannes Borregaard, and Hannes Bernien. "Nanophotonic quantum network node with neutral atoms and an integrated telecom interface." New Journal of Physics 22, no. 7 (July 23, 2020): 073033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab98d4.

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Wei, Hong, and Hongxing Xu. "Nanowire-based plasmonic waveguides and devices for integrated nanophotonic circuits." Nanophotonics 1, no. 2 (November 1, 2012): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0012.

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AbstractThe fast development of plasmonics have greatly advanced our understanding to the abundant phenomena related to surface plamon polaritons (SPPs) and improved our ability to manipulate light at the nanometer scale. With tightly confined local field, SPPs can be transmitted in waveguides of subwavelength dimensions. Nanophotonic circuits built with plasmonic elements can be scaled down to dimensions compatible with semiconductor-based nanoelectronic circuits, which provides a potential solution for the next-generation information technology. Different structures have been explored as plasmonic waveguides for potential integration applications. This review is focused on metallic nanowire waveguides and functional components in nanowire networks. We reviewed recent progress in research about plasmon generation, emission direction and polarization, group velocity, loss and propagation length, and the near-field distribution revealed by quantum dot fluorescence imaging. Electrical generation and detection of SPPs moves towards the building of plasmonic circuits, where bulky external light sources and detectors may be omitted. The coupling between metal nanowires and emitters is important for tailoring light-matter interactions, and for various potential applications. In multi-nanowire structures, plasmon signal control and processing are introduced. The working principles of these nanowire-based devices, which are based on the control to the near field distributions, will become the design rule for nanophotonic circuits with higher complexity for optical signal processing. The recent developments in hybrid photonic-plasmonic waveguides and devices are promising for making devices with unprecedented performance.

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Siampour, Hamidreza, Ou Wang, Vladimir A. Zenin, Sergejs Boroviks, Petr Siyushev, Yuanqing Yang, Valery A. Davydov, et al. "Ultrabright single-photon emission from germanium-vacancy zero-phonon lines: deterministic emitter-waveguide interfacing at plasmonic hot spots." Nanophotonics 9, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0036.

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AbstractStriving for nanometer-sized solid-state single-photon sources, we investigate atom-like quantum emitters based on single germanium-vacancy (GeV) centers isolated in crystalline nanodiamonds (NDs). Cryogenic characterization indicated symmetry-protected and bright (>106 counts/s with off-resonance excitation) zero-phonon optical transitions with up to 6-fold enhancement in energy splitting of their ground states as compared to that found for GeV centers in bulk diamonds (i.e. up to 870 GHz in highly strained NDs vs. 150 GHz in bulk). Utilizing lithographic alignment techniques, we demonstrate an integrated nanophotonic platform for deterministic interfacing plasmonic waveguides with isolated GeV centers in NDs, which enables 10-fold enhancement of single-photon decay rates along with the emission direction control by judiciously designing and positioning a Bragg reflector. This approach allows one to realize the unidirectional emission from single-photon dipolar sources, thereby opening new perspectives for the realization of quantum optical integrated circuits.

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Nishigaya, Kosuke, Kodai Kishibe, and Katsuaki Tanabe. "Graphene-Quantum-Dot-Mediated Semiconductor Bonding: A Route to Optoelectronic Double Heterostructures and Wavelength-Converting Interfaces." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6020028.

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A semiconductor bonding technique that is mediated by graphene quantum dots is proposed and demonstrated. The mechanical stability, electrical conductivity, and optical activity in the bonded interfaces are experimentally verified. First, the bonding scheme can be used for the formation of double heterostructures with a core material of graphene quantum dots. The Si/graphene quantum dots/Si double heterostructures fabricated in this study can constitute a new basis for next-generation nanophotonic devices with high photon and carrier confinements, earth abundance, environmental friendliness, and excellent optical and electrical controllability via silicon clads. Second, the bonding mediated by the graphene quantum dots can be used as an optical-wavelength-converting semiconductor interface, as experimentally demonstrated in this study. The proposed fabrication method simultaneously realizes bond formation and interfacial function generation and, thereby, can lead to efficient device production. Our bonding scheme might improve the performance of optoelectronic devices, for example, by allowing spectral light incidence suitable for each photovoltaic material in multijunction solar cells and by delivering preferred frequencies to the optical transceiver components in photonic integrated circuits.

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Häußler, Matthias, Robin Terhaar, Martin A. Wolff, Helge Gehring, Fabian Beutel, Wladick Hartmann, Nicolai Walter, et al. "Scaling waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detector solutions to large numbers of independent optical channels." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 013103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0114903.

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are an enabling technology for modern quantum information science and are gaining attractiveness for the most demanding photon counting tasks in other fields. Embedding such detectors in photonic integrated circuits enables additional counting capabilities through nanophotonic functionalization. Here, we show how a scalable number of waveguide-integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors can be interfaced with independent fiber optic channels on the same chip. Our plug-and-play detector package is hosted inside a compact and portable closed-cycle cryostat providing cryogenic signal amplification for up to 64 channels. We demonstrate state-of-the-art multi-channel photon counting performance with average system detection efficiency of (40.5 ± 9.4)% and dark count rate of (123 ± 34) Hz for 32 individually addressable detectors at minimal noise-equivalent power of (5.1 ± 1.2) · 10−18 W/[Formula: see text]. Our detectors achieve timing jitter as low as 26 ps, which increases to (114 ± 17) ps for high-speed multi-channel operation using dedicated time-correlated single photon counting electronics. Our multi-channel single photon receiver offers exciting measurement capabilities for future quantum communication, remote sensing, and imaging applications.

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Son, Gyeongho, Seungjun Han, Jongwoo Park, Kyungmok Kwon, and Kyoungsik Yu. "High-efficiency broadband light coupling between optical fibers and photonic integrated circuits." Nanophotonics 7, no. 12 (October 20, 2018): 1845–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2018-0075.

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AbstractEfficient light energy transfer between optical waveguides has been a critical issue in various areas of photonics and optoelectronics. Especially, the light coupling between optical fibers and integrated waveguide structures provides essential input-output interfaces for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and plays a crucial role in reliable optical signal transport for a number of applications, such as optical interconnects, optical switching, and integrated quantum optics. Significant efforts have been made to improve light coupling properties, including coupling efficiency, bandwidth, polarization dependence, alignment tolerance, as well as packing density. In this review article, we survey three major light coupling methods between optical fibers and integrated waveguides: end-fire coupling, diffraction grating-based coupling, and adiabatic coupling. Although these waveguide coupling methods are different in terms of their operating principles and physical implementations, they have gradually adopted various nanophotonic structures and techniques to improve the light coupling properties as our understanding to the behavior of light and nano-fabrication technology advances. We compare the pros and cons of each light coupling method and provide an overview of the recent developments in waveguide coupling between optical fibers and integrated photonic circuits.

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Chen, Zehong, Zhonghong Shi, Wenbo Zhang, Zixian Li, and Zhang-Kai Zhou. "High efficiency and large optical anisotropy in the high-order nonlinear processes of 2D perovskite nanosheets." Nanophotonics 11, no. 7 (March 1, 2022): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0789.

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Abstract Nonlinear nanophotonic devices have brought about great advances in the fields of nano-optics, quantum science, biomedical engineering, etc. However, in order to push these nanophotonic devices out of laboratory, it is still highly necessary to improve their efficiency. Since obtaining novel nanomaterials with large nonlinearity is of crucial importance for improving the efficiency of nonlinear nanodevices, we propose the two-dimensional (2D) perovskites. Different from most previous studies which focused on the 2D perovskites in large scale (such as the bulk materials or the thick flakes), herein we studied the 2D perovskites nanosheets with thickness of ∼50 nm. The high-order nonlinear processes including multi-photon photoluminescence and third-harmonic generation (THG) have been systematically investigated, and it is found the THG process can have a high conversion efficiency up to ∼8 × 10−6. Also, it is observed that the nonlinear responses of 2D perovskites have large optical anisotropy, i.e., the polarization ratio for the incident polarization dependence of nonlinear response can be as high as ∼0.99, which is an impressive record in the perovskite systems. Our findings reveal the properties of high efficiency and huge optical anisotropy in the nonlinear processes of 2D perovskite nanosheets, shedding light on the design of advanced integrated nonlinear nanodevices in future.

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Delaney, Matthew, Ioannis Zeimpekis, Han Du, Xingzhao Yan, Mehdi Banakar, David J. Thomson, Daniel W. Hewak, and Otto L. Muskens. "Nonvolatile programmable silicon photonics using an ultralow-loss Sb2Se3 phase change material." Science Advances 7, no. 25 (June 2021): eabg3500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3500.

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The next generation of silicon-based photonic processors and neural and quantum networks need to be adaptable, reconfigurable, and programmable. Phase change technology offers proven nonvolatile electronic programmability; however, the materials used to date have shown prohibitively high optical losses, which are incompatible with integrated photonic platforms. Here, we demonstrate the capability of the previously unexplored material Sb2Se3 for ultralow-loss programmable silicon photonics. The favorable combination of large refractive index contrast and ultralow losses seen in Sb2Se3 facilitates an unprecedented optical phase control exceeding 10π radians in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. To demonstrate full control over the flow of light, we introduce nanophotonic digital patterning as a previously unexplored conceptual approach with a footprint orders of magnitude smaller than state-of-the-art interferometer meshes. Our approach enables a wealth of possibilities in high-density reconfiguration of optical functionalities on silicon chip.

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He, Li, Huan Li, and Mo Li. "Optomechanical measurement of photon spin angular momentum and optical torque in integrated photonic devices." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600485.

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Photons carry linear momentum and spin angular momentum when circularly or elliptically polarized. During light-matter interaction, transfer of linear momentum leads to optical forces, whereas transfer of angular momentum induces optical torque. Optical forces including radiation pressure and gradient forces have long been used in optical tweezers and laser cooling. In nanophotonic devices, optical forces can be significantly enhanced, leading to unprecedented optomechanical effects in both classical and quantum regimes. In contrast, to date, the angular momentum of light and the optical torque effect have only been used in optical tweezers but remain unexplored in integrated photonics. We demonstrate the measurement of the spin angular momentum of photons propagating in a birefringent waveguide and the use of optical torque to actuate rotational motion of an optomechanical device. We show that the sign and magnitude of the optical torque are determined by the photon polarization states that are synthesized on the chip. Our study reveals the mechanical effect of photon’s polarization degree of freedom and demonstrates its control in integrated photonic devices. Exploiting optical torque and optomechanical interaction with photon angular momentum can lead to torsional cavity optomechanics and optomechanical photon spin-orbit coupling, as well as applications such as optomechanical gyroscopes and torsional magnetometry.

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Yang, Xiaoyu, Xiaoyong Hu, Hong Yang, and Qihuang Gong. "Ultracompact all-optical logic gates based on nonlinear plasmonic nanocavities." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0118.

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AbstractIn this study, nanoscale integrated all-optical XNOR, XOR, and NAND logic gates were realized based on all-optical tunable on-chip plasmon-induced transparency in plasmonic circuits. A large nonlinear enhancement was achieved with an organic composite cover layer based on the resonant excitation-enhancing nonlinearity effect, slow light effect, and field confinement effect provided by the plasmonic nanocavity mode, which ensured a low excitation power of 200 μW that is three orders of magnitude lower than the values in previous reports. A feature size below 600 nm was achieved, which is a one order of magnitude lower compared to previous reports. The contrast ratio between the output logic states “1” and “0” reached 29 dB, which is among the highest values reported to date. Our results not only provide an on-chip platform for the study of nonlinear and quantum optics but also open up the possibility for the realization of nanophotonic processing chips based on nonlinear plasmonics.

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Romeira, Bruno, José M. L. Figueiredo, and Julien Javaloyes. "NanoLEDs for energy-efficient and gigahertz-speed spike-based sub-λ neuromorphic nanophotonic computing." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (June 25, 2020): 4149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0177.

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AbstractEvent-activated biological-inspired subwavelength (sub-λ) photonic neural networks are of key importance for future energy-efficient and high-bandwidth artificial intelligence systems. However, a miniaturized light-emitting nanosource for spike-based operation of interest for neuromorphic optical computing is still lacking. In this work, we propose and theoretically analyze a novel nanoscale nanophotonic neuron circuit. It is formed by a quantum resonant tunneling (QRT) nanostructure monolithic integrated into a sub-λ metal-cavity nanolight-emitting diode (nanoLED). The resulting optical nanosource displays a negative differential conductance which controls the all-or-nothing optical spiking response of the nanoLED. Here we demonstrate efficient activation of the spiking response via high-speed nonlinear electrical modulation of the nanoLED. A model that combines the dynamical equations of the circuit which considers the nonlinear voltage-controlled current characteristic, and rate equations that takes into account the Purcell enhancement of the spontaneous emission, is used to provide a theoretical framework to investigate the optical spiking dynamic properties of the neuromorphic nanoLED. We show inhibitory- and excitatory-like optical spikes at multi-gigahertz speeds can be achieved upon receiving exceptionally low (sub-10 mV) synaptic-like electrical activation signals, lower than biological voltages of 100 mV, and with remarkably low energy consumption, in the range of 10–100 fJ per emitted spike. Importantly, the energy per spike is roughly constant and almost independent of the incoming modulating frequency signal, which is markedly different from conventional current modulation schemes. This method of spike generation in neuromorphic nanoLED devices paves the way for sub-λ incoherent neural elements for fast and efficient asynchronous neural computation in photonic spiking neural networks.

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Miri, Mohammad-Ali, and Andrea Alù. "Exceptional points in optics and photonics." Science 363, no. 6422 (January 3, 2019): eaar7709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7709.

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Exceptional points are branch point singularities in the parameter space of a system at which two or more eigenvalues, and their corresponding eigenvectors, coalesce and become degenerate. Such peculiar degeneracies are distinct features of non-Hermitian systems, which do not obey conservation laws because they exchange energy with the surrounding environment. Non-Hermiticity has been of great interest in recent years, particularly in connection with the quantum mechanical notion of parity-time symmetry, after the realization that Hamiltonians satisfying this special symmetry can exhibit entirely real spectra. These concepts have become of particular interest in photonics because optical gain and loss can be integrated and controlled with high resolution in nanoscale structures, realizing an ideal playground for non-Hermitian physics, parity-time symmetry, and exceptional points. As we control dissipation and amplification in a nanophotonic system, the emergence of exceptional point singularities dramatically alters their overall response, leading to a range of exotic optical functionalities associated with abrupt phase transitions in the eigenvalue spectrum. These concepts enable ultrasensitive measurements, superior manipulation of the modal content of multimode lasers, and adiabatic control of topological energy transfer for mode and polarization conversion. Non-Hermitian degeneracies have also been exploited in exotic laser systems, new nonlinear optics schemes, and exotic scattering features in open systems. Here we review the opportunities offered by exceptional point physics in photonics, discuss recent developments in theoretical and experimental research based on photonic exceptional points, and examine future opportunities in this area from basic science to applied technology.

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Shandilya, Prasoon K., Sigurd Flagan, Natalia C. Carvalho, Elham Zohari, Vinaya K. Kavatamane, Joseph E. Losby, and Paul E. Barclay. "Diamond Integrated Quantum Nanophotonics: Spins, Photons and Phonons." Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2022, 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2022.3210466.

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Cho, YongDeok, Sung Hun Park, Ji-Hyeok Huh, Ashwin Gopinath, and Seungwoo Lee. "DNA as grabbers and steerers of quantum emitters." Nanophotonics, November 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0602.

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Abstract The chemically synthesizable quantum emitters such as quantum dots (QDs), fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs), and organic fluorescent dyes can be integrated with an easy-to-craft quantum nanophotonic device, which would be readily developed by non-lithographic solution process. As a representative example, the solution dipping or casting of such soft quantum emitters on a flat metal layer and subsequent drop-casting of plasmonic nanoparticles can afford the quantum emitter-coupled plasmonic nanocavity (referred to as a nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) cavity), allowing us for exploiting various quantum mechanical behaviors of light–matter interactions such as quantum electrodynamics (QED), strong coupling (e.g., Rabi splitting), and quantum mirage. This versatile, yet effective soft quantum nanophotonics would be further benefitted from a deterministic control over the positions and orientations of each individual quantum emitter, particularly at the molecule level of resolution. In this review, we will argue that DNA nanotechnology can provide a gold vista toward this end. A collective set of exotic characteristics of DNA molecules, including Watson-Crick complementarity and helical morphology, enables reliable grabbing of quantum emitters at the on-demand position and steering of their directors at the single molecular level. More critically, the recent advances in large-scale integration of DNA origami have pushed the reliance on the distinctly well-formed single device to the regime of the ultra-scale device arrays, which is critical for promoting the practically immediate applications of such soft quantum nanophotonics.

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Chen, Zhigang, and Mordechai Segev. "Highlighting photonics: looking into the next decade." eLight 1, no. 1 (June 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43593-021-00002-y.

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AbstractLet there be light–to change the world we want to be! Over the past several decades, and ever since the birth of the first laser, mankind has witnessed the development of the science of light, as light-based technologies have revolutionarily changed our lives. Needless to say, photonics has now penetrated into many aspects of science and technology, turning into an important and dynamically changing field of increasing interdisciplinary interest. In this inaugural issue of eLight, we highlight a few emerging trends in photonics that we think are likely to have major impact at least in the upcoming decade, spanning from integrated quantum photonics and quantum computing, through topological/non-Hermitian photonics and topological insulator lasers, to AI-empowered nanophotonics and photonic machine learning. This Perspective is by no means an attempt to summarize all the latest advances in photonics, yet we wish our subjective vision could fuel inspiration and foster excitement in scientific research especially for young researchers who love the science of light.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Integrated quantum nanophotonics'

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