Journal articles: 'Integrated Magnetic Actuation System'

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Abdelrahman, Mohammad, and Sang-Young Park. "Integrated attitude determination and control system via magnetic measurements and actuation." Acta Astronautica 69, no. 3-4 (August 2011): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.03.010.

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Sriramshankar, R., and G. R. Jayanth. "An Integrated Magnetic Actuation System for High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 23, no. 5 (October 2018): 2285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2018.2857464.

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Joseph, Joel, Makoto Ohtsuka, Hiroyuki Miki, and Manfred Kohl. "Resonant Self-Actuation Based on Bistable Microswitching." Actuators 12, no. 6 (June 13, 2023): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12060245.

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We present the design, simulation, and characterization of a magnetic shape-memory alloy (MSMA) film actuator that transitions from bistable switching to resonant self-actuation when subjected to a stationary heat source. The actuator design comprises two Ni-Mn-Ga films of 10 µm thickness integrated at the front on either side of an elastic cantilever that moves freely between two heatable miniature permanent magnets and, thus, forms a bistable microswitch. Switching between the two states is induced by selectively heating the MSMA films above their Curie temperature Tc. When continuously heating the permanent magnets above Tc, the MSMA film actuator exhibits an oscillatory motion in between the magnets with large oscillation stroke in the frequency range of 50–60 Hz due to resonant self-actuation. A lumped-element model (LEM) is introduced to describe the coupled thermo-magnetic and magneto-mechanical performance of the actuator. We demonstrate that this performance can be used for the thermomagnetic energy generation of low-grade waste heat (T < 150 °C) with a high power output per footprint in the order of 2.3 µW/cm2.

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Razzaq, M. Yasar, M. Behl, and A. Lendlein. "Magneto-Mechanical Actuators with Reversible Stretching and Torsional Actuation Capabilities." MRS Advances 4, no. 19 (2019): 1057–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.123.

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ABSTRACTComposite actuators consisting of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a crystallizable multiphase polymer system can be remotely controlled by alternating magnetic fields (AMF). These actuators contain spatially segregated crystalline domains with chemically different compositions. Here, the crystalline domain associated to low melting transition range is responsible for actuation while the crystalline domain associated to the higher melting transition range determines the geometry of the shape change. This paper reports magneto-mechanical actuators which are based on a single crystalline domain of oligo(ω-pentadecalactone) (OPDL) along with covalently integrated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles (ioNPs). Different geometrical modes of actuation such as a reversible change in length or twisting were implemented by a magneto-mechanical programming procedure. For an individual actuation mode, the degree of actuation could be tailored by variation of the magnetic field strengths. This material design can be easily extended to other composites containing other magnetic nanoparticles, e.g. with a high magnetic susceptibility.

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Cheng, Shing Shin, Yeongjin Kim, and Jaydev P. Desai. "Modeling and characterization of shape memory alloy springs with water cooling strategy in a neurosurgical robot." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 16 (January 24, 2017): 2167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16685443.

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Since shape memory alloy has a high power density and is magnetic resonance imaging compatible, it has been chosen as the actuator for the meso-scale minimally invasive neurosurgical intracranial robot (MINIR-II) that is envisioned to be operated under continuous magnetic resonance imaging guidance. We have devised a water cooling strategy to improve its actuation frequency by threading a silicone tube through the spring coils to form a compact cooling module-integrated actuator. To create active bi-directional motion in each robot joint, we configured the shape memory alloy springs in an antagonistic way. We modeled the antagonistic shape memory alloy spring behavior and provided the detailed steps to simulate its motion for a complete cycle. We investigated the heat transfer during the resistive heating and water cooling processes. Characterization experiments were performed to determine the parameters used in both models, which were then verified by comparing the experimental and simulated data. The actuation frequency of the antagonistic shape memory alloys was evaluated for several motion amplitudes and we could achieve a maximum actuation frequency of 0.143 Hz for a sinusoidal trajectory with 2 mm amplitude. Lastly, we developed a robotic system to implement the actuators on the MINIR-II to move its end segment back and forth for approximately ±25°.

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Qiu, Xianbo, Junhui Zhang, Shisong Gong, Dong Wang, Shan Qiao, Shengxiang Ge, Ningshao Xia, Duli Yu, and Shizhi Qian. "A Single-Bead-Based, Fully Integrated Microfluidic System for High-Throughput CD4+T Lymphocyte Enumeration." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 23, no. 2 (October 13, 2017): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630317737016.

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A single-bead-based, fully integrated microfluidic system has been developed for high-throughput CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration at point-of-care testing. Instead of directly counting CD4+T lymphocytes, CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration is achieved by quantitatively detecting CD4 antigen from the lysed blood sample with a functionalized polycarbonate single bead based on chemiluminescence. To implement the sandwiched chemiluminescence immunoassay with reduced nonspecific binding, a streamlined microfluidic chip with multiple reaction chambers is developed to allow each reaction step to be completed in an independent chamber where reagent is pre-stored. With simple magnetic control, the single bead with an embedded ferrous core can be consecutively transported between each of two adjacent chambers for different reactions. Meanwhile, enhanced mixing can be achieved by moving the single bead back and forth inside one chamber with magnetic actuation. High-throughput detection can be performed when a linear actuation stage is adopted to introduce synchronous magnetic control to multiple single beads in parallel microfluidic chips. A sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera is adopted for high-throughput chemiluminescence detection from multiple single beads. Experimental results show that with the fully integrated microfluidic system, easy-to-operate, accurate, low-cost, immediate, and high-throughput CD4+T lymphocyte enumeration can be successfully achieved at resource-poor settings.

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Schlüter, Kathrin, Leonardo Riccardi, and Annika Raatz. "An Open-Loop Control Approach for Magnetic Shape Memory Actuators Considering Temperature Variations." Advances in Science and Technology 78 (September 2012): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.78.119.

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Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMA) offer remarkable potentials for actuation purposes because of a large achievable strain and a short response time. But, apart from these advantages, MSMA show a hysteretic behavior between the input and output quantities. Hysteretic phenomena represent an important challenge for the design of control systems for MSMA-based actuators. Furthermore, this hysteretic behavior is sensitive to temperature variations, a situation that arises in many applications. To face the problem of increasing/decreasing temperature during operation, an open-loop control approach considering temperature variations is presented in this paper. For this purpose, an actuator prototype is characterized with particular emphasis on temperature influence concerning the input-output behavior. The presence of a time-varying nonlinearity is addressed by means of a set of hysteresis models and relative compensators to improve the positioning performance of the actuator system. Subsequently, the obtained models are integrated in the control loop and tested experimentally. Finally, the results achieved with the introduced control concept are presented.

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Hoang, Manh Cuong, Siliang Liu, Kim Tien Nguyen, Han-Sol Lee, Ayoung Hong, Seungmin Bang, Jayoung Kim, Jong-Oh Park, and Chang-Sei Kim. "DEMA: Robotic dual-electromagnet actuation system integrated with localization for a magnetic capsule endoscope." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 361 (October 2023): 114596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114596.

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Du, Xingzhou, and Jiangfan Yu. "Image-Integrated Magnetic Actuation Systems for Localization and Remote Actuation of Medical Miniature Robots: A Survey." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 39, no. 4 (August 2023): 2549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2023.3271582.

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Yue, Wenchao, Ruijie Tang, Joei Simin Wong, and Hongliang Ren. "Deployable Tubular Mechanisms Integrated with Magnetic Anchoring and Guidance System." Actuators 11, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11050124.

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Deployable mechanism has received more attention in the medical field due to its simple structure, dexterity, and flexibility. Meanwhile, the advantages of the Magnetic Anchoring and Guidance System (MAGS) are further highlighted by the fact that the operators can remotely control the corresponding active and passive magnetic parts in vivo. Additionally, MAGS allows the untethered manipulation of intracorporeal devices. However, the conventional instruments in MAGS are normally rigid, compact, and less flexible. Therefore, to solve this problem, four novel deployable tubular mechanisms, Design 1 (Omega-shape mechanism), Design 2 (Fulcrum-shape mechanism), Design 3 (Archway-shape mechanism), and Design 4 (Scissor-shape mechanism) in this paper, are proposed integrated with MAGS to realize the laser steering capability. Firstly, this paper introduces the motion mechanism of the four designs and analyzes the motion characterization of each structure through simulation studies. Further, the prototypes of four designs are fabricated using tubular structures with embedded magnets. The actuation success rate, the workspace characterization, the force generation and the load capability of four mechanisms are tested and analyzed based on experiments. Then, the demonstration of direct laser steering via macro setup shows that the four mechanisms can realize the laser steering capability within the error of 0.6 cm. Finally, the feasibility of indirect laser steering via a macro-mini setup is proven. Therefore, such exploration demonstrates that the application of the deployable tubular mechanisms integrated with MAGS towards in vivo treatment is promising.

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Wu, Shuai, Qiji Ze, Jize Dai, Nupur Udipi, Glaucio H. Paulino, and Ruike Zhao. "Stretchable origami robotic arm with omnidirectional bending and twisting." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 36 (August 30, 2021): e2110023118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110023118.

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Inspired by the embodied intelligence observed in octopus arms, we introduce magnetically controlled origami robotic arms based on Kresling patterns for multimodal deformations, including stretching, folding, omnidirectional bending, and twisting. The highly integrated motion of the robotic arms is attributed to inherent features of the reconfigurable Kresling unit, whose controllable bistable deploying/folding and omnidirectional bending are achieved through precise magnetic actuation. We investigate single- and multiple-unit robotic systems, the latter exhibiting higher biomimetic resemblance to octopus’ arms. We start from the single Kresling unit to delineate the working mechanism of the magnetic actuation for deploying/folding and bending. The two-unit Kresling assembly demonstrates the basic integrated motion that combines omnidirectional bending with deploying. The four-unit Kresling assembly constitutes a robotic arm with a larger omnidirectional bending angle and stretchability. With the foundation of the basic integrated motion, scalability of Kresling assemblies is demonstrated through distributed magnetic actuation of double-digit number of units, which enables robotic arms with sophisticated motions, such as continuous stretching and contracting, reconfigurable bending, and multiaxis twisting. Such complex motions allow for functions mimicking octopus arms that grasp and manipulate objects. The Kresling robotic arm with noncontact actuation provides a distinctive mechanism for applications that require synergistic robotic motions for navigation, sensing, and interaction with objects in environments with limited or constrained access. Based on small-scale Kresling robotic arms, miniaturized medical devices, such as tubes and catheters, can be developed in conjunction with endoscopy, intubation, and catheterization procedures using functionalities of object manipulation and motion under remote control.

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van Reenen, Alexander, Arthur M. de Jong, Jaap M. J. den Toonder, and Menno W. J. Prins. "Integrated lab-on-chip biosensing systems based on magnetic particle actuation – a comprehensive review." Lab Chip 14, no. 12 (2014): 1966–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3lc51454d.

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Jin, Yan, Jingyi Wang, Zhiqiang Wang, Peng Xiong, Jianing Cheng, and Tongyu Xu. "An Integrated Microfluidic Biosensing System Based on a Versatile Valve and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Salmonella typhimurium." Biosensors 13, no. 8 (August 4, 2023): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13080790.

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Detecting foodborne pathogens on-site is crucial for ensuring food safety, necessitating the development of rapid, cost-effective, highly sensitive, and portable devices. This paper presents an integrated microfluidic biosensing system designed for the rapid and sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). The biosensing system comprises a microfluidic chip with a versatile valve, a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for nucleic acid detection, and a customized real-time fluorescence detection system. The versatile valve combines the functions of an active valve and a magnetic actuation mixer, enabling on-demand mixing and controlling fluid flow. Quantitative fluorescence is processed and detected through a custom-built smartphone application. The proposed integrated microfluidic biosensing system could detect Salmonella at concentrations as low as 1.0 × 102 copies/µL within 30 min, which was consistent with the results obtained from the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests. With its versatile valve, this integrated microfluidic biosensing system holds significant potential for on-site detection of foodborne pathogens.

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DOKUYUCU, Halil İbrahim, and Nurhan GÜRSEL ÖZMEN. "DEVELOPING EXTERNAL MAGNETICALLY ACTUATION MODEL IN MICRO SCALE FOR A SELF-RECONFIGURABLE ROBOTIC SYSTEM." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 25, no. 3 (September 3, 2022): 434–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1137806.

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Self-reconfigurable modular robots (SRMRs) are considered as autonomous kinematic machines that can change their own shape by rearranging the connectivity of their parts to perform new tasks, adapt to new circumstances or recover from damage. One of the main goals in SRMRs field is to reach to a million modules integrated self-reconfigurable systems. However, miniaturization efforts in self-reconfigurable modular robots bring some challenges such as storage and packaging. Developing externally actuated micro-robots can be a good alternative for miniaturization of SRMRs with the help of rapid enhancements in micro-manufacturing technologies encountered in the last decades. In this study a novel self-reconfiguration mechanism for micro-robots that are externally actuated by magnetic actuators is developed. In the study the motion of the magnets inside the microtubes under the effect of external magnetic field is investigated by using finite elements method. Dynamic model of the mechanism is obtained by using finite elements method and its applicability is exhibited by simulations. The results are compared with the theoretical values. It is envisioned that the study will contribute to micro-robotic systems in industry, defense industry and space missions as well as biomedical applications and medical robots.

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Sundaram, Subramanian, Melina Skouras, David S. Kim, Louise van den Heuvel, and Wojciech Matusik. "Topology optimization and 3D printing of multimaterial magnetic actuators and displays." Science Advances 5, no. 7 (July 2019): eaaw1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw1160.

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Upcoming actuation systems will be required to perform multiple tightly coupled functions analogous to their natural counterparts; e.g., the ability to control displacements and high-resolution appearance simultaneously is necessary for mimicking the camouflage seen in cuttlefish. Creating integrated actuation systems is challenging owing to the combined complexity of generating high-dimensional designs and developing multifunctional materials and their associated fabrication processes. Here, we present a complete toolkit consisting of multiobjective topology optimization (for design synthesis) and multimaterial drop-on-demand three-dimensional printing for fabricating complex actuators (>106 design dimensions). The actuators consist of soft and rigid polymers and a magnetic nanoparticle/polymer composite that responds to a magnetic field. The topology optimizer assigns materials for individual voxels (volume elements) while simultaneously optimizing for physical deflection and high-resolution appearance. Unifying a topology optimization-based design strategy with a multimaterial fabrication process enables the creation of complex actuators and provides a promising route toward automated, goal-driven fabrication.

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Hoang, Manh Cuong, Kim Tien Nguyen, Jayoung Kim, Jong-Oh Park, and Chang-Sei Kim. "Automated Bowel Polyp Detection Based on Actively Controlled Capsule Endoscopy: Feasibility Study." Diagnostics 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101878.

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This paper presents an active locomotion capsule endoscope system with 5D position sensing and real-time automated polyp detection for small-bowel and colon applications. An electromagnetic actuation system (EMA) consisting of stationary electromagnets is utilized to remotely control a magnetic capsule endoscope with multi-degree-of-freedom locomotion. For position sensing, an electronic system using a magnetic sensor array is built to track the position and orientation of the magnetic capsule during movement. The system is integrated with a deep learning model, named YOLOv3, which can automatically identify colorectal polyps in real-time with an average precision of 85%. The feasibility of the proposed method concerning active locomotion and localization is validated and demonstrated through in vitro experiments in a phantom duodenum. This study provides a high-potential solution for automatic diagnostics of the bowel and colon using an active locomotion capsule endoscope, which can be applied for a clinical site in the future.

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Ni, Jun Hui, Bai Shao Zhan, and Jun Li. "A PDMS Micropump for Implantable Drug Delivery Application." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.680.

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This paper presents an integrated magnetic PDMS micropump for implantable drug delivery application. The micropump mainly consists of two structural PDMS layers: a PDMS functional layer that incorporates microchannels, a pump chamber and two planar check valves into a single layer, allowing for simple design and easy system integration, and the other PDMS membrane layer covering the pump chamber and holding a thin electroplated permalloy piece on top for magnetic actuation. The micropump can be driven by the interaction between the ferromagnetic permalloy and an external electromagnet, providing a remote and wireless operation method. Test results demonstrate that this micropump is able to produce a maximal flow rate of 0.15 μL/min at the driving frequency of 2 Hz with a volume resolution of approximately 1 nL per stroke, promising its application in various implantable biomedical systems.

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Binsley, Jacob L., Stefano Pagliara, and Feodor Y. Ogrin. "Numerical investigation of flexible Purcell-like integrated microfluidic pumps." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 16 (October 28, 2022): 164701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109263.

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Integrating miniature pumps within microfluidic devices is crucial for advancing point-of-care diagnostics. Understanding the emergence of flow from novel integrated pumping systems is the first step in their successful implementation. A Purcell-like elasto-magnetic integrated microfluidic pump has been simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics and its performance has been investigated and evaluated. An elastic, cilia-like element contains an embedded magnet, which allows for actuation via a weak, uniaxial, sinusoidally oscillating, external magnetic field. Pumping performance is correlated against a number of variables, such as the frequency of the driving field and the proximity of the pump to the channel walls, in order to understand the emergence of the pumping behavior. Crucially, these simulations capture many of the trends observed experimentally and shed light on the key interactions. The proximity of the channel walls in the in-plane direction strongly determines the direction of net fluid flow. This characterization has important implications for the design and optimization of this pump in practical applications.

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Yu, Wenzhuo, Haisong Lin, Yilian Wang, Xu He, Nathan Chen, Kevin Sun, Darren Lo, et al. "A ferrobotic system for automated microfluidic logistics." Science Robotics 5, no. 39 (February 26, 2020): eaba4411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aba4411.

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Automated technologies that can perform massively parallelized and sequential fluidic operations at small length scales can resolve major bottlenecks encountered in various fields, including medical diagnostics, -omics, drug development, and chemical/material synthesis. Inspired by the transformational impact of automated guided vehicle systems on manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution industries, we devised a ferrobotic system that uses a network of individually addressable robots, each performing designated micro-/nanofluid manipulation-based tasks in cooperation with other robots toward a shared objective. The underlying robotic mechanism facilitating fluidic operations was realized by addressable electromagnetic actuation of miniature mobile magnets that exert localized magnetic body forces on aqueous droplets filled with biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles. The contactless and high-strength nature of the actuation mechanism inherently renders it rapid (~10 centimeters/second), repeatable (>10,000 cycles), and robust (>24 hours). The robustness and individual addressability of ferrobots provide a foundation for the deployment of a network of ferrobots to carry out cross-collaborative logistics efficiently. These traits, together with the reconfigurability of the system, were exploited to devise and integrate passive/active advanced functional components (e.g., droplet dispensing, generation, filtering, and merging), enabling versatile system-level functionalities. By applying this ferrobotic system within the framework of a microfluidic architecture, the ferrobots were tasked to work cross-collaboratively toward the quantification of active matrix metallopeptidases (a biomarker for cancer malignancy and inflammation) in human plasma, where various functionalities converged to achieve a fully automated assay.

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Samaali, Hatem, Fehmi Najar, Bouraoui Ouni, and Slim Choura. "MEMS SPDT microswitch with low actuation voltage for RF applications." Microelectronics International 32, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-12-2014-0055.

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Purpose – This paper aims to propose a novel design of an ohmic contact single-pole double-throw (SPDT) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microswitch for radio frequency applications. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed microswitch (SPDT design) shares antenna between transmitter and receiver in a wireless sensor. An electrical voltage is used to create an electrostatic force that controls the ON/OFF states of the microswitch. First, the authors develop a mathematical model of the proposed microswitch and propose a reduced-order model of the design, based on the differential quadrature method, which fully incorporates the electrostatic force nonlinearities. The authors solve the static, transient and dynamic behavior and compare the results with finite element solutions. Then, the authors examine the dynamic solution of the switch under different actuation waveforms. Findings – The obtained results showed a significant reduction in actuation voltage, pull-in bandwidth and switching time. Originality/value – In this paper, a new design of SPDT MEMS switch is proposed, the SPDT switch needs low voltage to be actuated and it can be easily integrated with integrated circuits.

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Wu, Jingjie, Kevin Yu, Ithza Lopez, Alexa Aguilar Izquierdo, Hamidreza Saber, Farshid Alambeigi, and Lei Zhou. "Integrated Magnetic Location Sensing and Actuation of Steerable Robotic Catheters for Peripheral Arterial Disease Treatment." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 8, no. 9 (September 2023): 5656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2023.3295297.

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Andrews, Michael K., Murray L. Jansen, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Dezhi Zhou, and Gordon G. Wallace. "An integrated electrochemical sensor–actuator system." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 114, no. 1 (August 2004): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.03.006.

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Mirić, Spasoje, Johann W. Kolar, and Dominik Bortis. "Novel tubular linear actuator with integrated magnetic bearing." e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik 139, no. 2 (March 18, 2022): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00502-022-01013-4.

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AbstractLinear actuators (LAs) are used for applications that require repetitive linear motion, such as linear pumps and compressors, servo drives in industrial automation, and pick-and-place robots in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industry. These LAs usually have mechanical ball or slide bearings, which require frequent maintenance due to signs of wear limiting the LAs’ usage in high-purity and high-precision processes of the latter applications.Therefore, this paper analyzes a novel LA with integrated magnetic bearings (MBs). It shows how the basic structure of the tubular LA is derived from a conventional rotary actuator. Afterwards, it explains the winding structures for the generation of the drive and bearing forces in detail, focusing on the impact of the linear motion on the bearing winding.Furthermore, two types of windings for the self-bearing LA, separated and combined, are analyzed and compared. It is shown that a combined winding structure leads to higher efficiency and a more simple drive system and has no disadvantages with respect to the control. Finally, measurement results verify the proper operation of a self-bearing tubular LA prototype with a combined winding structure.

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Lin, Maohua, Morteza Vatani, Jae-Won Choi, Savas Dilibal, and Erik D. Engeberg. "Compliant underwater manipulator with integrated tactile sensor for nonlinear force feedback control of an SMA actuation system." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 315 (November 2020): 112221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112221.

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Duler, Matthieu Pettes, Xavier Roboam, Bruno Sareni, Yvan Lefevre, Jean-François Llibre, and Matthieu Fénot. "Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of the Actuation System of a Hybrid Electric Aircraft Powertrain." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111297.

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In the context of hybrid electric and full electric powertrains for future less-pollutant aircrafts, this paper focuses on the multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) of the actuation system, including a surface-mounted PMSM in order to maximize the power density of the device: this study is a preliminary approach before integrating the whole powertrain. After an introduction of the MDO context, the analytical model of the electric motor is detailed. It integrates multi-physical aspects (electric, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, partial discharges and insulation, control and flight mission) and takes several heterogeneous design constraints into account. The optimization method involves a genetic algorithm allowing the reduction of the actuation weight with regard to a wide set of constraints. The results show the crucial sensitivity of the electro-thermal coupling, especially the importance of transient modes during flight sequences due to thermal capacitance effects. Another major point is related to the performance of the thermal cooling, which requires the introduction of an “internal cooling” in the stator slots in addition to the “base cooling” for stator and rotor. Gathering these analyses, the MDO leads to high power density actuators beyond 15 kW/kg with high-voltage–high-speed solutions, satisfying all design constraints (insulation, thermal, magnet demagnetization) over the flight mission.

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Königsberg, Jan, Jan Reiners, Bernd Ponick, Berend Denkena, and Benjamin Bergmann. "Highly Dynamic Spindle Integrated Magnet Actuators for Chatter Reduction." International Journal of Automation Technology 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2018): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2018.p0669.

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This paper presents a novel approach for active chatter reduction using a motor spindle with integrated magnet actuators. Based on the results of previous studies the design of an active damped prototype is described. The system performance as well as the benefits and drawbacks of this solution are discussed. In order to eliminate the known drawbacks a novel actuator design is introduced. The novel approach integrates the actuator windings into the stator core. Next, strategies for electric and magnetic decoupling of the actuator and motor windings are presented. Subsequently the actuator design is discussed. The force generation and distribution of the damping actuator are calculated via analytical and finite elements analysis (FEA). With the novel approach the mechanical integration of the active damping actuators is simplified significantly. Additionally, the maximal attainable spindle power is increased up to 150% in relation to the previous solution.

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Wen, Tong, and Biao Xiang. "The airborne inertially stabilized platform suspend by an axial-radial integrated active magnetic actuator system." Journal of Advanced Research 31 (July 2021): 191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.002.

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Kim, Myeong Hyeon, Hyun Chang Kim, Dong Pyo Hong, and Dae Gab Gweon. "Design of a VCM Actuator Using Halbach Magnet Array for Active Vibration Isolation System." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1465.

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This paper proposes the concept development and design of a VCM actuator for Active Vibration Isolation System (AVIS). Active vibration isolating method was constructed passive isolator and active isolator. Spring was used for isolating passively and actuator like voice coil motor was used for active isolating. The proposed active vibration isolating system could isolate a six degree-of-freedom disturbance effectively. In case of AVIS, payload is variable according to the type of instruments. Therefore, actuator should maintain uniform performance with payload change. The proposed VCM actuator satisfied this performance through relative relation between magnet array and coils. In addition, for maximizing actuator performance, actuator should generate large force density. Therefore, we apply the Halbach magnet array to proposed actuator. The Halbach magnet array helps with reinforcing magnetic flux field. The reinforced magnetic field takes a role to generate more powerful Lorentz force to isolate disturbance. Finally, in this paper, we propose the actuator that novel type using voice coil motor with the Halbach magnet array and optimize each design variables to generate maximum output. These AVIS can use to eliminate disturbance in Maglev stage. Maglev stage need AVIS to increase its performance is necessary. In the future, AVIS and Maglev system will be integrated.

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Yaguchi, Hiroyuki, Izuru Kimura, and Shun Sakuma. "A Novel Actuator System Combining Mechanical Vibration and Magnetic Wheels Capable of Rotational Motion Using Shape Memory Alloy Coils." Actuators 8, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8010004.

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In every country, large steel bridges, such as cable-stayed bridges, are actively being constructed, and the number of such bridges has been progressively increasing. These bridges are often inspected using drones, but inspection techniques have not been established because of strong winds and thunder. Therefore, robots capable of working in difficult environments are desired. In the present study, a prototype of a rotary actuator system combining two iron disks and two electromagnetic-vibration-type actuators was fabricated. A new operation principle was developed that drives the system using the reaction force of the vibration-type actuator. Two shape memory alloy coils and two friction pads were integrated into the system to enable it to carry out turning operations, which were successfully demonstrated. The proposed actuator system can thus move in any direction. In addition, with this actuator system, both slide-on-ceiling and wall-climbing motions are possible.

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Li, Jun, Joonmyeong Choi, Kenji Kawashima, Toshinori Fujita, and Toshiharu Kagawa. "Integrated Control Design of Pneumatic Servo Table Considering the Dynamics of Pipelines and Servo Valve." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0485.

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In this paper, integrated control design for the pneumatic servo table system considering the dynamics of pipelines and servo valve is studied. The table is mainly composed by a pneumatic actuator, a highperformance pneumatic servo valve and pipelines. The pneumatic actuator utilizes a pneumatic cylinder with air bearings. The servo valve has high dynamics up to 300 Hz and is connected to the pneumatic actuator by pipelines. The system is pneumatically driven, providing the advantages of low heat generation and non-magnetic, nature suited to precise positioning. To simulate the system, we designed a linear model considering pipelines and servo valve dynamics. Comparison results showed that with a 7thorder linear model, the discrepancy between experiment and simulation results was much smaller than when using a 3rdorder model. The model’s complexity made it necessary to reduce the model’s order. Two poles are much further from the imaginary axis compared with other five poles in the pole loci of the 7thorder model, so the model is reduced to a 5thorder. A comparison of simulation and experiment results showed that the 5thorder model matches the real system well.

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Xie, Dongjian, Yikun Yang, and Bintang Yang. "Self-sensing magnetostrictive actuator based on ΔE effect: design, theoretical modeling and experiment." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 5 (March 22, 2022): 055007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac5c88.

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Abstract Giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) has the smart potential to be integrated as a self-sensing actuator. This paper presents a novel self-sensing giant magnetostrictive actuator (SSGMA), by sensing the on-line stiffness of the actuator upon the ΔE effect. A self-sensing signal is generated by superimposing a set of high-frequency small sensing excitation magnetic fields on low-frequency static or quasi-static driving magnetic fields. The fully coupled magneto-elastic-thermal nonlinear constitutive model of GMM is derived, and then the self-sensing response model of the SSGMA based on the nonlinear equivalent piezomagnetic equation is proposed. On the theoretical basis, the influences of magnetic field, prestress and temperature on the ΔE effect, the equivalent piezomagnetic equation parameters and the SSGMA sensing signal are investigated in detail, respectively. Moreover, a prototype of the SSGMA is fabricated and tested for self-sensing performance. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis, and further show that the proposed SSGMA achieves self-sensing output displacement within a stroke of nearly 50 μm, with a sensitivity of 2.49 mV μm−1. The self-sensing displacement resolution of the SSGMA by far may reach 63.4 nm after experimental determination. This novel self-sensing actuator with micron-level self-sensing drive capability can be integrated into an external sensorless execution system in the future.

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Ghorbanpour Arani, A., M. Mosayyebi, F. Kolahdouzan, R. Kolahchi, and M. Jamali. "Refined zigzag theory for vibration analysis of viscoelastic functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite microplates integrated with piezoelectric layers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 13 (September 14, 2016): 2464–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016667150.

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Damped free vibration of carbon nanotube reinforced composite microplate bounded with piezoelectric sensor and actuator layers are investigated in this study. For the mathematical modeling of sandwich structure, the refined zigzag theory is applied. In addition, to present a realistic model, the material properties of system are supposed as viscoelastic based on Kelvin–Voigt model. Distributions of single-walled carbon nanotubes along the thickness direction of the viscoelastic carbon nanotube reinforced composite microplate are considered as four types of functionally graded distribution patterns. The viscoelastic functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite microplate subjected to electromagnetic field is embedded in an orthotropic visco-Pasternak foundation. Hamilton’s principle is employed to establish the equations of motion. In order to calculate the frequency and damping ratio of sandwich plate, boundary condition of plate is assumed as simply-supported and an exact solution is used. The effects of some significant parameters such as damping coefficient of viscoelastic plates, volume fraction of carbon nanotubes, different types of functionally graded distributions of carbon nanotubes, magnetic field, and external voltage on the damped free vibration of system are investigated. Results clarify that considering viscoelastic property for system to achieve accurate results is essential. Furthermore, the effects of volume fraction and distribution type of carbon nanotubes are remarkable on the vibration of sandwich plate. In addition, electric and magnetic fields are considerable parameters to control the behavior of viscoelastic carbon nanotube reinforced composite microplate. It is hoped that the results of this study could be applied in design of nano/micromechanical sensor and actuator systems.

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Li, Cheng, Zijin Pan, Xunyu Li, Weiquan Hao, Runyu Miao, and Albert Wang. "Selective Overview of 3D Heterogeneity in CMOS." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142340.

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As the demands for improved performance of integrated circuit (IC) chips continue to increase, while technology scaling driven by Moore’s law is becoming extremely challenging, if not impractical or impossible, heterogeneous integration (HI) emerges as an attractive pathway to further enhance performance of Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips. The underlying basis for using HI technologies and structures is that IC performance goes well beyond classic logic functions; rather, functionalities and complexity of smart chips span across the full information chain, including signal sensing, conditioning, processing, storage, computing, communication, control, and actuation, which are required to facilitate comprehensive human–world interactions. Therefore, HI technologies can bring in more function diversifications to make system chips smarter within acceptable design constraints, including costs. Over the past two decades or so, a large number of HI technologies have been explored to increase heterogeneities in materials, technologies, devices, circuits, and system architectures, making it practically impossible to provide one single comprehensive review of everything in the field in one paper. This article chooses to offer a topical overview of selected HI structures that have been validated in CMOS platforms, including a stacked-via vertical magnetic-cored inductor structure in CMOSs, a metal wall structure in the back end of line (BEOL) of CMOSs to suppress global flying noises, an above-IC graphene nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) switch and nano-crossbar array electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection structure, and graphene ESD interconnects.

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Rupp, Jochen, Manuela Schmidt, Bettina Günther, Michael Stumber, Sven Zinober, Roland Müller-Fiedler, Bashir Alabsi, et al. "The Way to High Volume Fabrication of Lab-on-a-Chip Devices—A Technological Approach for Polymer Based Microfluidic Systems with Integrated Active Valves and Pumps." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.4.198.

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We present a technology platform suitable for the mass production of laboratory-on-a-chip devices made of polymers with integrated active and passive components. The presented microfluidic platform with integrated valves and pumps for active flow management is realized with three layers consisting of two polymer parts separated by a thin elastic TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) membrane welded together in one step. The elastic TPE membrane acts as an integrated deflectable membrane layer between the two outer polymer layers, each made of a weldable thermoplastic polymer (polycarbonate). Valving is realized by applying pressure in a displacement chamber above a hydraulic channel causing the membrane to deform and to seal the channel. A pump is fabricated using a displacement chamber with a valve on the inlet and outlet. The presented components, namely valve and pump, show excellent behavior regarding response time, sealing quality, and pump rate needing only a low actuation pressure. The three-layer-stack is joined in a single process step by using laser welding, creating devices with high mechanical stability. This production technology fulfills the requirements of a high volume fabrication at high quality and has the potential to manufacture cost-efficient and reliable laboratory-on-a-chip systems. The used materials show a high chemical resistance against a broad range of commonly used liquids and good optical characteristics for the use in μTAS. This consistent technological approach represents a flexible platform for microfluidics with active components to be used in complex applications.

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Pajares, Andres, Eugenio Schuster, Kathreen E. Thome, Anders S. Welander, Jayson L. Barr, Nicholas W. Eidietis, and David A. Humphreys. "Integrated control of individual plasma scalars with simultaneous neoclassical tearing-mode suppression." Nuclear Fusion 62, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 036018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac4868.

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Abstract A novel integrated-control architecture has been tested in nonlinear, one-dimensional simulations using the control-oriented transport simulator (COTSIM©) and in DIII-D experiments. Integrated architectures that can perform continuous-mission control while also handling off-normal events will be vital in future reactor-grade tokamaks. Continuous-mission controllers for individual magnetic and kinetic scalars (thermal stored-energy (W), volume-average toroidal rotation (Ω ϕ ), and safety factor profile (q) at different spatial locations) have been integrated in this work with event-triggered neoclassical tearing-mode (NTM) suppression controllers by combining them into an architecture augmented by a supervisory and exception handling (S&EH) system and an actuator management (AM) system. The AM system, which enables the integration of competing controllers, solves in real time a nonlinear optimization problem that takes into account the high-level control priorities dictated by the S&EH system. The resulting architecture offers a high level of integration and some of the functionalities that will be required to fulfill the advanced-control requirements anticipated for ITER. Initial simulations using COTSIM suggest that the plasma performance and its MHD stability may be improved under integrated feedback control. In addition, the integrated-control architecture has been implemented in the DIII-D plasma control system and tested experimentally for the first time ever in DIII-D in a high-q min scenario, which is a candidate for steady-state operation in ITER.

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Nguyen, Nguyen, Bui, Ueno, and Nguyen. "Analysis and Control of Slotless Self-Bearing Motor." Actuators 8, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act8030057.

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A self-bearing motor (SBM) is an electric motor with a magnetically integrated bearing function, that is, it can provide levitation and rotation simultaneously as a single actuator. This paper presents the design, operating principle and control system for the slotless self-bearing motor (SSBM). In this design, the stator has no iron core but includes six-phase coils. The rotor consists of a permanent magnet and an enclosed iron yoke. Magnetic forces generated by the interaction between stator currents and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet are used to control the rotational speed and radial position of the rotor. In this paper, the torque and radial bearing forces are analyzed theoretically with the aim to develop an improved control system. In order to confirm the proposed control method, an experimental system was constructed and tested. Simulation and measurement results show that the SSBM can work stably in modes such as start, reverse, rotation load and external radial pulse forces.

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Jumril, Yunas, Mohd Said Muzalifah, Yeop Majlis Burhanuddin, and Badariah Bais. "Finite Element Analysis and Preliminary Fabrication of Flexible Membrane with Embedded Magnetic Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 1024 (August 2014): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1024.147.

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In this study, mechanical characteristic of flexible polymer membrane embedded with nanomagnetic particles is analyzed using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3. The mechanical properties of the membrane is studied by considering the magnetic particles as matrix structures embedded inside the polymer. The target of this work is to realize a new type of magnetic actuator that is able to generate a strong magnetic field and has large mechanical deformation capability as well. On the other hand, the flexible membrane properties should be optically paternable and display very high magnetic sensitivity. Therefore the study is focused not only to analyze the membrane properties but also the technique to fabricate the membrane for MEMS actuator. In this work, the magnetic force acting on the membrane, the length and height of the membrane, and the total volume of Ni particles were set to be constant. A good agreement between simulation and calculation on maximum membrane deformation without particle content was observed. It is shown that by having Ni particles embedded in polymer membrane, the deformation capability was greatly increased up to 30.9 μm. Therefore this study has proven that the smaller size of the magnetic particles with the planar structure arrangement and homogenous distribution of embedded particles can enhance larger membrane deformation. The fabrication concept of the membrane and material synthesis are also introduced. The results obtained in this study will have an important role in the development of electromagnetic actuator for fluids injector integrated in Lab-on-Chip system.

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Li, Xiaoshi, Yicheng Wang, Tianyu Yang, Yijia Du, Yu Chen, Dongdong Gong, Quanfeng Zhou, and Xiangyu Sun. "Closed‐loop control for self‐calibration of accelerometer achieved through integrated sensor and actuator system." Microsystem Technologies 27, no. 8 (April 22, 2021): 3025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-020-05203-y.

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Zhang, Menglun, Weiwei Cui, Xuejiao Chen, Chao Wang, Wei Pang, Xuexin Duan, Daihua Zhang, and Hao Zhang. "Monolithic integrated system with an electrowetting-on-dielectric actuator and a film-bulk-acoustic-resonator sensor." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 25, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 025002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/25/2/025002.

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Kühn, Marvin, Corentin Toursel, and Jochen Schein. "Thrust Measurements on the High Efficient and Reliable Vacuum Arc Thruster (HERVAT)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052274.

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In this work, thrust measurements of the high efficient and reliable vacuum arc thruster (HERVAT) are performed for different pulse energies. The thruster system includes a thruster head together with a newly developed pulse processing unit (PPU). The complete system (HERVAT + PPU) is able to perform more than 1 × 107 pulses. Moreover, the influence of an integrated active magnetic nozzle is investigated. As a result, the thrust to power ratio, the average thrust level and the impulse bit for each configuration are measured and calculated. For the thrust measurements, a highly sensitive horizontal thrust balance with an active force actuator is used and operated in the thrust compensation mode. The investigated system is able to achieve levels from 5 to 40 μN and thrust to power ratios from 1 to 2 μN/W. The experimental results are compared to the data available in literature.

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Nhan, Vo Duc, Nguyen Xuan Bien, Nguyen Quang Dich, and Vo Thanh Ha. "Sliding-mode control design of a slotless self-bearing motor." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 1297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3687.

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Scientists have explored and are studying a slotless self-bearing motor, an electric motor with a magnetically integrated bearing function. As a single actuator, it can provide both levitation and rotation. This article will show a slotless self-bearing motor with a stator that does not have an iron core but six-phase coils. A permanent magnet and an enclosed iron yoke make up the rotor. To regulate the rotational speed and radial location of the rotor, magnetic forces created by the interaction between stator currents and the magnetic field of permanent interest are investigated. This research also includes a slotless-bearing motor mathematical model and control approach. This motor is investigated by combining an AC motor with a magnetic drive to achieve the essential design criterion and low cost. The magnetic force and moment characteristics are theoretically analyzed, and a control technique is proposed. Sliding-mode control (SMC) is a control method that is simple, effective and utilized to serve the control system for approaching the reference value, as stated in this study. It's also commonly used to manage the motor's position and speed. The findings were built and evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink confirmed analytical results to prove the recommended control approach.

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Kolahchi, Reza, Behrooz Keshtegar, and Mohammad Hosein Fakhar. "Optimization of dynamic buckling for sandwich nanocomposite plates with sensor and actuator layer based on sinusoidal-visco-piezoelasticity theories using Grey Wolf algorithm." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 1 (September 12, 2017): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217731071.

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Optimization of embedded piezoelectric sandwich nanocomposite plates for dynamic buckling analysis is presented in this work based on Grey Wolf algorithm. The Grey Wolf algorithm mimics the leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanism of grey wolves in nature. In addition, the main steps of hunting, searching for prey, encircling prey, and attacking prey are employed. The structure is composed of a laminated functionally graded-carbon nanotubes reinforced layers as core integrated with sensor and actuator layers considering structural damping effects. Two-dimensional magnetic and 3D electric fields are applied to core and piezoelectric layers, respectively. Sinusoidal shear deformation theory is utilized for obtaining the motion equations and differential quadrature method is applied for solution. Also, a proportional–derivative controller is employed to control the dynamic behavior of the structure. Finally, the optimum designs for the structure are evaluated using proposed Grey Wolf algorithm based on the geometrical parameters of plate, applied voltage, controller parameters, volume fraction of carbon nanotubes, spring, and shear constants of foundation. Numerical results indicate that by applying the positive voltage and transverse magnetic field the optimum dimensionless frequency of the system decreases.

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Wang, Guiying, Xigui Wang, Yongmei Wang, and Baixue Fu. "Kinematics analysis of a four-legged heavy-duty robot with a force–position hybrid control servo actuator in a parallel-executed cylinder system." Mechanical Sciences 12, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-12-735-2021.

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Abstract. In this research, an electrohydraulic servo four-legged heavy-duty (FLHD) robot has been designed and developed. The study proposes an integration layout cylinder design scheme for a non-lightweight hydraulic servo four-legged robot with high loads and torques of hip joint and derives the mathematical element analysis model for a parallel-executed cylinder (PEC) system. The multiple inherent characteristics of the PEC integration system model are explored further. Based on the controllable functional requirements of interconnected joints, and to weaken the influence of internal force coupling, a force–position hybrid control scheme for the PEC is designed, and the force–position signal module design unit is used to solve the force–position hybrid control in reverse. Considering the inherent requirements of the servo-executed cylinder (SEC) force control unit module (CUM), the implementation process of magnetic flux compensation and speed compensation is discussed in detail. The minimum amplitude controller is applied to the SEC force CUM, and the proportional integrated controller has been determined in the SEC position CUM. A compound control strategy proposed in this paper is verified on a parallel hydraulic servo platform. The experimental verification results reveal that the values of position/force attenuation amplitude and lag phase are not greater than 9 % and 18∘, respectively. The feasibility of the interconnected implementation of the hybrid control scheme proposed in this paper is further increased. The conclusions of this research will be useful for application in fields of four-legged heavy-load (FLHL) robot control systems.

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Takao, Hidekuni, Kazuhiro Miyamura, Hiroyuki Ebi, Mitsuaki Ashiki, Kazuaki Sawada, and Makoto Ishida. "A MEMS microvalve with PDMS diaphragm and two-chamber configuration of thermo-pneumatic actuator for integrated blood test system on silicon." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 119, no. 2 (April 2005): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.10.023.

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Wang, Jiajia, Long Chen, Ruochen Wang, Xiangpeng Meng, and Dehua Shi. "Design and experimental research on electromagnetic active suspension with energy-saving perspective." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219880207.

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A hydraulic damper can improve system reliability when it is introduced to an electromagnetic active suspension equipped with a linear motor. In this study, the effect of damping value on the energy consumption of an electromagnetic active suspension system is investigated with an energy-saving perspective. A kinetic model of electromagnetic active suspension is established, and a controller is designed on the basis of a linear quadratic regulator. Three different levels of roads are then chosen as driving conditions, and the corresponding control targets are set. The effects of damping value on energy consumption and dynamic performance of electromagnetic active suspension under different driving conditions are determined. Results show that damping value does not affect dynamic performance at the same weighting factor or the same driving condition in a time domain. Compared with that of an electromagnetic active suspension without a damper in parallel, the energy consumption of the electromagnetic active suspension system initially decreases and subsequently increases as the damping value increases. Therefore, appropriate damping values can significantly reduce energy consumption. In a frequency domain, appropriate damping values can improve driving safety but can slightly deteriorate ride comfort. An integrated electromagnetic actuator is also designed by integrating the linear motor with the hydraulic damper to construct a practical system structure. These parameters are optimized to improve air-gap magnetic field strength. Thus, the initial design of the structure and dimension of the electromagnetic active suspension system is completed. Finally, the prototype is produced and a 1/4 bench test is also conducted to verify the correctness of theoretical research.

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Razzaq, M. Yasar, M. Behl, and A. Lendlein. "Thermally-Induced Actuation of Magnetic Nanocomposites Based on Oligo(ω-Pentadecalactone) and Covalently Integrated Magnetic Nanoparticles." MRS Advances 3, no. 63 (2018): 3783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.613.

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AbstractThe incorporation of inorganic particles in a polymer matrix has been established as a method to adjust the mechanical performance of composite materials. We report on the influence of covalent integration of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) on the actuation behavior and mechanical performance of hybrid nanocomposite (H-NC) based shape-memory polymer actuators (SMPA). The H-NC were synthesized by reacting two types of oligo(ω-pentadecalactone) (OPDL) based precursors with terminal hydroxy groups, a three arm OPDL (3AOPDL, Mn = 6000 g mol·1-1) and an OPDL (Mn =3300 g · mol-1) coated magnetite nanoparticle (Ø = 10 ± 2 nm), with a diisocyanate. These H-NC were compared to the homopolymer network regarding the actuation performance, contractual stress (σcontr) as well as thermal and mechanical properties. The melting range of the OPDL crystals (ΔTm,OPDL) was shifted in homo polymer networks from 36 °C – 76 °C to 41°C – 81 °C for H-NC with 9 wt% of MNP content. The actuators were explored by variation of separating temperature (Tsep), which splits the OPDL crystalline domain into actuating and geometry determining segments. Tsep was varied in the melting range of the nanocomposites and the actuation capability and contractual stress (σcontr) of the nanocomposite actuators could be adjusted. The reversible strain (εrev) was decreased from 11 ± 0.3% for homo polymer network to 3.2±0.3% for H-NC9 with 9 wt% of MNP indicating a restraining effect of the MNP on chain mobility. The results show that the performance of H-NCs in terms of thermal and elastic properties can be tailored by MNP content, however for higher reversible actuation, lower MNP contents are preferable.

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He, Yuan Yuan, and Li Liu. "Modeling and Testing of a Seamless Wing Trailing Edge Control Actuation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.1089.

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This paper presents an investigation into the modeling and analysis of an innovative actuation system for a wing with a seamless flexible trailing edge control surface. Research was started with the study of aerodynamic behavior and advantage of the wing in smooth variable chamber shape under control. Based on the concept and design, an experimental wing section integrated with the actuation mechanism was built and tested. The main effort was then made to the modeling of the internal actuation system for the purpose of obtaining the physical properties and accurate modeling of the whole wing structural system. To validate and update the numerical model of the system, vibration test of the actuation system including the mechanism and actuator was carried out. Some key parameters such as the stiffness of the actuation system were identified from vibration test data. The investigation demonstrated a practical approach to quantify some key parameters and update the numerical model of an actuation system.

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Neubert, Holger, Uwe Partsch, Daniel Fleischer, Mathias Gruchow, Alfred Kamusella, and The-Quan Pham. "Thick Film Accelerometers in LTCC Technology—Design Optimization, Fabrication, and Characterization." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-5.4.150.

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Diaphragms and beams for force and pressure sensors, e.g., are state of the art in mechanical elements of MEMS in LTCC technology. These elements sustain small strains and small deformations under load. A number of sensor and actuator applications, however, require movable elements that allow higher deformations while the local strains are still low. Springs, accelerometers, actuators, positioners, and valves are examples of such applications. For an accelerometer we developed an approach fabricate leaf springs, integrated into the LTCC technology. The working principle of the accelerometer is based on a seismic mass disposed on two parallel leaf springs that carry piezoresistors connected such that they form a measuring bridge. In the first design optimization step, we used an FEA model for finding an optimized design meeting our sensitivity requirements, inclusiding resonance frequency. In the second step, we made a tolerance analysis that calculates the probability distributions of functional variables from the probability distributions of the design parameters. This enables the probability of a system failure to be deduced. In a final design step, a design of the ceramic thick film accelerometer was calculated that minimizes the system failure probability. As a result we obtained a design optimized with respect to a set of functional requirements and design tolerances. The results of the computations using the FEA models were compared to results of measurement data acquired from prototypes of the accelerometer.

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Lin, Ray-Lee, Sheng-Fu Hsiao, Jia-Chi Liu, Ching-Hsing Luo, Tsai-Wang Chang, and Meng-Dar Shieh. "Interpole-Type Magnetic Navigation System for Actuation of Magnetic Drug." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 4, no. 1 (March 2016): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2015.2488105.

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Banis, Georgios, Konstantinos Tyrovolas, Spyridon Angelopoulos, Angelo Ferraro, and Evangelos Hristoforou. "Pushing of Magnetic Microdroplet Using Electromagnetic Actuation System." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020371.

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Treatment of certain diseases requires the administration of drugs at specific areas of tissues and/or organs to increase therapy effectiveness and avoid side effects that may harm the rest of the body. Drug targeting is a research field that uses various techniques to administrate therapies at specific areas of the body, including magnetic systems able to drive nano “vehicles”, as well as magnetically labeled molecules, in human body fluids and tissues. Most available actuation systems can only attract magnetic elements in a relatively small workspace, limiting drug target applications to superficial tissues, and leaving no alternative cases where deep targeting is necessary. In this paper, we propose an electromagnetic actuation system able to push and deflect magnetic particles at distance of ~10 cm, enabling the manipulation of magnetic nano- and microparticles, as well as administration of drugs in tissues, which are not eligible for localized drug targeting with state-of-the-art systems. Laboratory experiments and modeling were conducted to prove the effectiveness of the proposed system. By further implementing our device, areas of the human body that previously were impossible to treat with magnetically labeled materials such as drugs, cells, and small molecules can now be accessible using the described system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Integrated Magnetic Actuation System'

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