Relevant bibliographies by topics / Integrated Bragg Gratings

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Integrated Bragg Gratings'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Integrated Bragg Gratings"

1

Bartelt, Hartmut. "Trends in Bragg Grating Technology for Optical Fiber Sensor Applications." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.304.

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Fiber Bragg gratings have found widespread and successful applications in optical sensor systems, e. g. for temperature, strain or refractive index measurements. Such sensor elements are fiber integrated, are applicable under harsh environmental conditions, and can be easily multiplexed. In order to further extend the field of applications, there is a great interest in specifically adapted Bragg gratings, in Bragg grating structures with increased stability, or in the use of special fiber types for grating inscription. The paper discusses such specific concepts for grating inscription, covers novel aspects of fiber gratings in small diameter fibers or in fiber tapers, of gratings in pure silica fibers without UV sensitivity, of grating inscription in different microstructured fibers or photonic crystal fibers, and investigates the concept of femtosecond inscription and the extension of the Bragg reflection wavelengths down to the visible range.
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Simard, Alexandre D., Yves Painchaud, and Sophie LaRochelle. "Integrated Bragg gratings in spiral waveguides." Optics Express 21, no. 7 (April 4, 2013): 8953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.008953.

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Munster, Petr, and Tomas Horvath. "Intelligent Technical Textiles Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings for Strain Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102951.

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In this paper, the concept design of intelligent technical textile blocks implemented with optical fibers that include fiber Bragg gratings for strain and temperature sensing is briefly introduced. In addition to the main design of the system, a design of measurement blocks with integrated fiber Bragg grating elements for strain measurement is also presented. In the basic measurement, the created textile block was tested for deformation sensitivity when a load was applied. Moreover, a unique robust and low profile connector was designed, created and verified. The fibers are terminated with GRIN lenses, allowing easy manipulation and completion of the connector in the field, with an average insertion loss of 5.5 dB.
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Dhavamani, Vigneshwar, Srijani Chakraborty, S. Ramya, and Somesh Nandi. "Design and Simulation of Waveguide Bragg Grating based Temperature Sensor in COMSOL." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2161, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2161/1/012047.

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Abstract With the advancements in the domain of photonics and optical sensors, Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, owing to their increased advantages, have been researched widely and have proved to be useful in sensing applications. Moreover, the advent of Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) demands the incorporation of optical sensing in waveguides, which can be integrated on silicon photonic chips. In this paper, the design of a sub-micron range Waveguide Bragg Grating (WBG) based temperature sensor with high peak reflectivity and thermal sensitivity is proposed. The flexibility of COMSOL Multiphysics software is explored to simulate the sensor and the results are verified with the analytical values calculated using MATLAB. The simulation is carried out for the proposed design having 16000 gratings and a corresponding peak reflectivity of 0.953 is obtained. A thermal sensitivity of 80 pm/K is achieved, which is approximately eight times better than that of FBG based sensor.
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Zhong, Huajian, Xueya Liu, Cailing Fu, Baijie Xu, Jun He, Pengfei Li, Yanjie Meng, et al. "Quasi-Distributed Temperature and Strain Sensors Based on Series-Integrated Fiber Bragg Gratings." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091540.

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Two types of series-integrated fiber Bragg gratings (SI-FBGs), i.e., strong and weak SI-FBGs, were inscribed in a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) using the femtosecond laser point-by-point technology. In the SI-FBGs inscribing system, the grating pitch of each FBG and the distance between the two adjacent FBGs in the SI-FBGs can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the inscription parameters. The strong SI-FBGs with different grating pitches and the weak SI-FBGs with an identical grating pitch were employed to successfully measure the temperature distribution in a tube furnace and the strain distribution on a cantilever beam, respectively. A high spatial resolution of less than 1 mm was achieved during the distributed temperature sensing experiment. Moreover, the spatial resolution could be improved by decreasing the distance between the two adjacent FBGs, i.e., decreasing the FBG length and the space between the two adjacent FBGs. Hence, the inscribed high-quality SI-FBGs have great potential to be developed as various quasi-distributed sensors with a high spatial resolution.
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Field, James W., Sam A. Berry, Rex H. S. Bannerman, Devin H. Smith, Corin B. E. Gawith, Peter G. R. Smith, and James C. Gates. "Highly-chirped Bragg gratings for integrated silica spectrometers." Optics Express 28, no. 14 (July 2, 2020): 21247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.389211.

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Simard, A. D., N. Ayotte, Y. Painchaud, S. Bedard, and S. LaRochelle. "Impact of Sidewall Roughness on Integrated Bragg Gratings." Journal of Lightwave Technology 29, no. 24 (December 2011): 3693–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2011.2173556.

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8

Ayotte, Nicolas, Alexandre D. Simard, and Sophie LaRochelle. "Long Integrated Bragg Gratings for SoI Wafer Metrology." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 27, no. 7 (April 1, 2015): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2015.2391174.

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Kaur, Manjinder, and Sanjeev Dewra. "Investigation of Photonic Integrated Circuits with Low-Loss Bragg Gratings." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0177.

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AbstractThe impact of physical parameters of uniform fiber Bragg grating (U-FBG) like grating period, length of grating, and width of grating on the performance of U-FBG fiber by using finite differences time domain (FDTD) based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) is evaluated. An FBG is similar to a distributed Bragg reflector created in a small segment of optical fiber that reflects some particular wavelengths of light and transmits the other wavelengths. It is observed that the maximum received optical power at the reflected port achieved is −1.67×10-6 w/m2 with silver (Ag) profile material of U-FBG at 0.1 w/m2 input transmission power and wavelength of 1.55 μm with 0.9 μm grating length and 0.2 μm grating width. The result shows that the received optical power is changing by optimizing the physical parameters of U-FBG.
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Tu, Donghe, Xingrui Huang, Yuxiang Yin, Hang Yu, Zhiguo Yu, Huan Guan, and Zhiyong Li. "Mode-Conversion-Based Chirped Bragg Gratings on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate." Photonics 9, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110828.

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In this work, we propose a mode-conversion-based chirped Bragg grating on thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN). The device is mainly composed of a 4.7-mm long chirped asymmetric Bragg grating and an adiabatic directional coupler (ADC). The mode conversion introduced by the ADC allows the chirped Bragg grating operates in reflection without using an off-chip circulator. The proposed device has experimentally achieved a total time delay of 73.4 ps over an operating bandwidth of 15 nm. This mode-conversion-based chirped Bragg grating shows excellent compatibility with other devices on TFLN, making it suitable in monolithically integrated microwave photonics, sensing, and optical communication systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Integrated Bragg Gratings"

1

Strain, Michael. "Integrated chirped Bragg gratings for dispersion control." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/440/.

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In this work, the need for an integrated optical dispersive device is discussed, with particular reference to pulse compression of semiconductor mode-locked laser (MLL) pulses that exhibit temporal chirp and therefore, worse than transform limited behaviour. It is shown that current techniques in fibre and integrated dispersion control do not overlap the dispersion regime presented, making it necessary to design a new integrated device for this purpose. A monolithic chirped Bragg grating is presented with dispersion and bandwidth characteristics coinciding with the previously mentioned regimes. The device, based on a deeply etched tapered waveguide design, may be fabricated fully post-growth, lending it a significant advantage over current grating designs that require the pattern to be written into the core material and the upper cladding layers subsequently overgrown. The deeply etched sidewall grating structures provide the requisite high coupling coefficients, and the ability to induce arbitrary apodisation profiles, while the tapered waveguide design allows the same freedom the grating Bragg condition profile. The coupled-mode analysis for a chirped grating structure is presented and used as a basis for a Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) representation of the device. This simulation tool allows modelling of the arbitrary Bragg condition and apodisation profiles for steady state analysis of passive grating devices, Distributed Feedback (DFB) and Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) lasers. The fabrication of low loss passive grating devices and DFB lasers is described with particular attention paid to lithography and reactive ion etching methods. In addition, work is presented on a wet chemical oxidation technique for reduction of sidewall roughness in A1GaAs based waveguides. Deeply etched waveguides were shown to exhibit losses reduced by up to 4dBcm[superscript-1] after application of this procedure. The fabricated passive grating devices exhibit transmission and grating phase profiles closely matching those predicted by the simulations, with control shown over both Bragg condition and coupling coefficient. The DFB lasers, again in agreement with simulation, show unique multi-mode behaviour, closely related to the chirped grating modulation profile. Also presented is a method by which sub-100 [m] tapers for transitions between shallow etched and deep etched waveguides may be fabricated for quasi-adiabatic propagation. These tapers provide a means by which integration may be achieved between optical systems with different mode profiles, these being defined by device properties, for example integration of small radius bends and waveguide gain structures. A simulation tool based on teh TMM is derived and a set of optimised tapers are fabricated, their results matched to the simulations. Low loss, low reflectivity tapers are exhibited with properties in close agreement with teh TMM and Finite Difference Time Doain (FDTD) simulations.
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Delisle, Simard Alexandre. "Integrated bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30629/30629.pdf.

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Dans la littérature, les réseaux de Bragg intégrés sur silicium sont relativement simples par rapport à leurs contreparties fibrées. Cependant, la fabrication de réseaux plus élaborés permettrait d’améliorer la capacité de traitement du signal des circuits sur silicium. Cette thèse s’attarde donc aux difficultés encourues lors de la conception, de la fabrication et de la caractérisation de réseaux de Bragg sur silicium ayant une réponse spectrale élaborée. Tout d'abord, afin de caractériser la réponse spectrale complexe des réseaux, l’utilisation de filtrage temporel est proposée afin de supprimer les réflexions parasites. Cela a permis d’utiliser des algorithmes de reconstruction fournissant une caractérisation complète de ces structures. De plus, l’ajout d’un filtrage des hautes fréquences spatiales a permis de réduire considérablement le bruit des mesures. Par la suite, les principales sources de distorsions de la réponse spectrale des réseaux ont été identifiées, soit la rugosité des guides et la variation de leur épaisseur. L’impact de ces phénomènes a été étudié numériquement et analytiquement et, pour la première fois, la longueur de corrélation de ces sources de bruit a été caractérisée expérimentalement sur une longueur suffisante. Finalement, deux techniques permettant de diminuer l’impact de ces phénomènes ont été proposées, ce qui a permis de fabriquer les réseaux de Bragg sur silicium ayant la plus petite largeur de bande publiée à ce jour. Également, nous avons fait les premières démonstrations d’apodisation de réseaux de Bragg utilisant uniquement la phase de ces derniers (c.-à-d. apodisation en phase et par superposition). Contrairement aux techniques déjà proposées, ces dernières ont l'avantage de ne pas introduire de distorsions de l'indice effectif, ils sont plus robuste aux erreurs de fabrication et sont compatibles avec l’apodisation de réseaux à corrugations de très petites amplitudes. Finalement, afin d'augmenter la longueur des réseaux tout en gardant leur dimension compatible avec la taille des puces de silicium, les réseaux ont été courbés en forme de spirale compacte. Pour ce faire, la période des réseaux a été modifiée afin de compenser l'effet de la courbure sur l'indice effectif. Ainsi, nous avons démontré que des réseaux de 2 mm de long pouvaient être intégrés sur une surface de 200 µm x 190 µm sans ajout de dégradation spectrale et, surtout, sans restriction sur la structure du design. Ces résultats sont significatifs, car un contrôle précis de la phase et de l’amplitude des réseaux combinés avec la capacité de fabriquer de réseaux longs sont nécessaire afin de réaliser des filtres optiques intégrés avec des réponses spectrales élaborées. Ainsi, le travail présenté dans cette thèse ouvre la porte à de nouveaux designs à base de réseaux de Bragg.
In the literature, integrated Bragg gratings in Silicon-on-Insulator are relatively simple compared to their fibre Bragg grating counterpart. However, elaborate gratings could improve the signal processing capability of the silicon platform. Thus, this thesis addresses the issues that prevent the design, the fabrication and the characterization of Bragg gratings having elaborate spectral response in the silicon platform. Firstly, in order to precisely characterize Bragg gratings complex spectral response, we proposed to suppress parasitic reflections using temporal filtering. The results obtained with measurement technique, when used with an integral layer peeling algorithm, allowed us to retrieve the amplitude and phase profiles of the grating thus providing a complete characterization of the structure. Moreover, the addition of a low-pass spatial filter allowed improving the characterization process by reducing the measurement noise. Secondly, the main sources of distortion of Bragg gratings spectral response have been identified to be the sidewall roughness and the wafer height fluctuation. An exhaustive study of the impact of these phenomena has been done both numerically and analytically. Furthermore, for the first time, the autocorrelation of these noise sources has been characterized experimentally on a sufficient length. Finally, improvements in the waveguide designs have reduced significantly these effects which allowed the fabrication of Bragg gratings in silicon with the smallest bandwidth published to date. Thirdly, the first demonstration of apodized Bragg gratings using only phase modulation of the structure has been done (i.e. phase apodisation and superposition apodisation). Unlike already published techniques, the later ones have the advantage to be robust to deep-UV lithography and fabrication errors. Furthermore, they do no introduce distortions into the grating phase profile and they are compatible with gratings having small recesses. Finally, in order to increase the grating length while keeping their dimension compatible with the silicon chip size, we proposed to bend them in a compact spiral shape. To do this properly, the curvature impact on the effective index has been modeled and compensated successfully by modifying the grating period. Thus, we have shown that 2 mm long gratings can be integrated on a surface of 200 µm x 190 µm without the addition of spectral degradation and without restrictions on the design structure. These results are of importance because longer grating structures with weaker coupling coefficients and a precise control both on its phase and amplitude are required in order to achieve integrated optical filters with elaborate spectral responses. Thus, we believe that the work presented in this thesis open the door to many new grating-based optical filter designs compatible with integrated optics technologies.
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3

Simard, Alexandre D. "Integrated Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25032.

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Dans la littérature, les réseaux de Bragg intégrés sur silicium sont relativement simples par rapport à leurs contreparties fibrées. Cependant, la fabrication de réseaux plus élaborés permettrait d’améliorer la capacité de traitement du signal des circuits sur silicium. Cette thèse s’attarde donc aux difficultés encourues lors de la conception, de la fabrication et de la caractérisation de réseaux de Bragg sur silicium ayant une réponse spectrale élaborée. Tout d'abord, afin de caractériser la réponse spectrale complexe des réseaux, l’utilisation de filtrage temporel est proposée afin de supprimer les réflexions parasites. Cela a permis d’utiliser des algorithmes de reconstruction fournissant une caractérisation complète de ces structures. De plus, l’ajout d’un filtrage des hautes fréquences spatiales a permis de réduire considérablement le bruit des mesures. Par la suite, les principales sources de distorsions de la réponse spectrale des réseaux ont été identifiées, soit la rugosité des guides et la variation de leur épaisseur. L’impact de ces phénomènes a été étudié numériquement et analytiquement et, pour la première fois, la longueur de corrélation de ces sources de bruit a été caractérisée expérimentalement sur une longueur suffisante. Finalement, deux techniques permettant de diminuer l’impact de ces phénomènes ont été proposées, ce qui a permis de fabriquer les réseaux de Bragg sur silicium ayant la plus petite largeur de bande publiée à ce jour. Également, nous avons fait les premières démonstrations d’apodisation de réseaux de Bragg utilisant uniquement la phase de ces derniers (c.-à-d. apodisation en phase et par superposition). Contrairement aux techniques déjà proposées, ces dernières ont l'avantage de ne pas introduire de distorsions de l'indice effectif, ils sont plus robuste aux erreurs de fabrication et sont compatibles avec l’apodisation de réseaux à corrugations de très petites amplitudes. Finalement, afin d'augmenter la longueur des réseaux tout en gardant leur dimension compatible avec la taille des puces de silicium, les réseaux ont été courbés en forme de spirale compacte. Pour ce faire, la période des réseaux a été modifiée afin de compenser l'effet de la courbure sur l'indice effectif. Ainsi, nous avons démontré que des réseaux de 2 mm de long pouvaient être intégrés sur une surface de 200 µm x 190 µm sans ajout de dégradation spectrale et, surtout, sans restriction sur la structure du design. Ces résultats sont significatifs, car un contrôle précis de la phase et de l’amplitude des réseaux combinés avec la capacité de fabriquer de réseaux longs sont nécessaire afin de réaliser des filtres optiques intégrés avec des réponses spectrales élaborées. Ainsi, le travail présenté dans cette thèse ouvre la porte à de nouveaux designs à base de réseaux de Bragg.
In the literature, integrated Bragg gratings in Silicon-on-Insulator are relatively simple compared to their fibre Bragg grating counterpart. However, elaborate gratings could improve the signal processing capability of the silicon platform. Thus, this thesis addresses the issues that prevent the design, the fabrication and the characterization of Bragg gratings having elaborate spectral response in the silicon platform. Firstly, in order to precisely characterize Bragg gratings complex spectral response, we proposed to suppress parasitic reflections using temporal filtering. The results obtained with measurement technique, when used with an integral layer peeling algorithm, allowed us to retrieve the amplitude and phase profiles of the grating thus providing a complete characterization of the structure. Moreover, the addition of a low-pass spatial filter allowed improving the characterization process by reducing the measurement noise. Secondly, the main sources of distortion of Bragg gratings spectral response have been identified to be the sidewall roughness and the wafer height fluctuation. An exhaustive study of the impact of these phenomena has been done both numerically and analytically. Furthermore, for the first time, the autocorrelation of these noise sources has been characterized experimentally on a sufficient length. Finally, improvements in the waveguide designs have reduced significantly these effects which allowed the fabrication of Bragg gratings in silicon with the smallest bandwidth published to date. Thirdly, the first demonstration of apodized Bragg gratings using only phase modulation of the structure has been done (i.e. phase apodisation and superposition apodisation). Unlike already published techniques, the later ones have the advantage to be robust to deep-UV lithography and fabrication errors. Furthermore, they do no introduce distortions into the grating phase profile and they are compatible with gratings having small recesses. Finally, in order to increase the grating length while keeping their dimension compatible with the silicon chip size, we proposed to bend them in a compact spiral shape. To do this properly, the curvature impact on the effective index has been modeled and compensated successfully by modifying the grating period. Thus, we have shown that 2 mm long gratings can be integrated on a surface of 200 µm x 190 µm without the addition of spectral degradation and without restrictions on the design structure. These results are of importance because longer grating structures with weaker coupling coefficients and a precise control both on its phase and amplitude are required in order to achieve integrated optical filters with elaborate spectral responses. Thus, we believe that the work presented in this thesis open the door to many new grating-based optical filter designs compatible with integrated optics technologies.
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4

Khan, Mohammad Jalal. "Integrated optical filters using Bragg gratings and resonators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8340.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [207]-213).
This thesis provides an in-depth study of optical filters made using integrated Bragg gratings and Bragg resonators. Various topologies for making add/drop filters using integrated gratings are outlined. Each class of devices is studied in detail and the theoretical tools needed for designing the add/drop are developed. First-order filters using Bragg resonators do not meet WDM add/drop filter specifications. Consequently, schemes to design higher-order filters are derived. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the various possiblities are outlined. Preliminary integrated Bragg grating devices, in InP, were designed using the tools developed. The fabricated devices were measured. The measurements revealed low-loss structures with a < 0.1 cm-l and high-Q Bragg resonators with Q > 40, 000. Measurements on higher-order inline coupled Bragg resonator filters showed flat-top and fast roll-offs. The results of the measurements and comparison with the theory are presented for the various devices. The results reveal that Bragg grating based devices offer tremendous potential for use as add/drop filters in WDM systems.
by Mohammad Jalal Khan.
Ph.D.
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Tashtush, Aktham Atallah Mofleh. "Characterization of integrated Bragg gratings in silicon-on-insulator." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7670/.

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Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is rapidly emerging as a very promising material platform for integrated photonics. As it combines the potential for optoelectronic integration with the low-cost and large volume manufacturing capabilities and they are already accumulate a huge amount of applications in areas like sensing, quantum optics, optical telecommunications and metrology. One of the main limitations of current technology is that waveguide propagation losses are still much higher than in standard glass-based platform because of many reasons such as bends, surface roughness and the very strong optical confinement provided by SOI. Such high loss prevents the fabrication of efficient optical resonators and complex devices severely limiting the current potential of the SOI platform. The project in the first part deals with the simple waveguides loss problem and trying to link that with the polarization problem and the loss based on Fabry-Perot Technique. The second part of the thesis deals with the Bragg Grating characterization from again the point of view of the polarization effect which leads to a better stop-band use filters. To a better comprehension a brief review on the basics of the SOI and the integrated Bragg grating ends up with the fabrication techniques and some of its applications will be presented in both parts, until the end of both the third and the fourth chapters to some results which hopefully make its precedent explanations easier to deal with.
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Das, Bijoy Krishna. "Integrated optical distributed Bragg reflector and distributed feedback lasers in Er:LiNbO3 waveguides with photorefractive gratings." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969348541.

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Das, Bijoy Krishna [Verfasser]. "Integrated Optical Distributed Bragg Reflector and Distributed Feedback Lasers in Er:LiNbO3 Waveguides with Photorefractive Gratings / Bijoy Krishna Das." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1179039815/34.

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Giuntoni, Ivano [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Petermann. "Tunable integrated module for the optical dispersion compensation based on Bragg gratings in silicon / Ivano Giuntoni. Betreuer: Klaus Petermann." Berlin : Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1066546320/34.

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Mengin, Fondragon Mikhael de. "Etude d'un spéctromètre intégré SWIFTS pour réaliser des capteurs optiques fibrés pour les sciences de l'observation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT085/document.

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SWIFTS (pour Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier-Transform Spectrometer) est un concept de spectromètre s'appuyant sur l'optique intégrée pour proposer un système de mesure compact et de très haute résolution. Il combine une technique d'interférométrie développée par Gabriel Lippmann avec des technologies de microélectroniques actuelles. La technologie SWIFTS sera ici utilisée en tant qu'interrogateur de fibre de Bragg. En effet, combiner ce spectromètre avec des fibres de Bragg très sensibles, telle qu'une cavité Fabry-Perot à réseaux de Bragg (GFPC) d'une longueur de 20 mm, permettra de mesurer des variations de température et de déformation très précises. Les applications des fibres de Bragg sont nombreuses, particulièrement dans la surveillance de structure de génie civil ou dans la sureté nucléaire avec des précisions de l'ordre du microstrain. Cependant, les capteurs par fibres de Bragg n'ont jamais atteint la sensibilité nécessaire aux observations en science de la terre. Une précision de quelques dizaines de nanostrain serait pourtant d'un intérêt majeur dans l'étude des processus volcaniques et sismologiques. Je présente dans cette thèse la première utilisation d'un tel spectromètre de Fourier associé à des capteurs de Bragg pour mesurer des déformations dans différentes gammes allant du millistrain au nanostrain. Dans un premier temps, des déformations sur une petite structure en béton armé amenée jusqu'à l'état limite de fissuration permettront de qualifier différents capteurs à fibres de Bragg dans leur milieu d'usage. Dans un deuxième temps, des mesures de déformations liées au phénomène de la marrée terrestre sont proposées. Ces mesures, effectuées au Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit (LSBB) de Rustrel, donnent des précisions de l'ordre de 30 nanostrains sur une courte base et ouvrent la voie à d'autres mesures de phénomènes géophysiques pour cet instrument
SWIFTS, or Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier-Transform Spectrometer, is an extremely integrated very high resolution spectrometer. This spectroscopy technology represents a major advance in the field and will be used here as a Fiber Bragg Gratings interrogator. Combining such a spectrometer with very sensitive Bragg sensors, like grating Fabry-Perot cavity (GFPC) as long as 20 mm, will allow to measure high precision temperature or strain variation. Applications of Bragg sensors are numerous, especially in structure monitoring and nuclear power plants safety. Despite promising capabilities, Bragg sensors never reached the desired sensibility for earth-science observation purposes. Present applications are restricted to civil-engineering strain-gauge sensors with microstrain sensitivity. However, the ability to detect and record signals of the order of a few tens of nanostrain is of great interest to monitor and model the volcanic and seismological processes. I demonstrate in this thesis the first use of a Fourier-Transform spectrometer combined with Fiber Bragg Sensors in a field configuration to achieve extremely high precision measurement on earth's crustal deformation. Precisions of thirty nanostrains on a very short base were achieved in the Low-Noise Underground Laboratory (LSBB) at Rustrel. Crustal monitoring opens the way for numerous applications especially in geophysics. A second study presented in this thesis aims at benchmarking several strain sensors based on optical fiber Bragg grating. For this purpose, two reinforced concrete beams have been tested in three points bending up to ultimate limit state
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Wosinski, Lech. "Technology for photonic components in silica/silicon material structure." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3556.

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The main objectives of this thesis were to develop a lowtemperature PECVD process suitable for optoelectronicintegration, and to optimize silica glass composition forUV-induced modifications of a refractive index in PECVDfabricated planar devices. The most important achievement isthe successful development of a low temperature silicadeposition, which for the first time makes it is possible tofabricate good quality low loss integrated components whilekeeping the temperature below 250oC during the entirefabrication process. Two strong absorption peaks thatappear at1.5 mm communication window due to N-H and Si-H bonds have beencompletely eliminated by process optimization. This openspossibilities for monolithic integration with other,temperature sensitive devices, such as semiconductor lasers anddetectors, or polymer-based structures on the common siliconplatform. PECVD technology for low loss amorphous silicon inapplication to SiO2/Si based photonic crystal structures hasbeen also optimized to remove hydrogen incorporated during thedeposition process, responsible for the porosity of thedeposited material and creation of similar to silica absorptionbands.

Change of the refractive index of germanium doped silicaunder UV irradiation is commonly used for fabrication of UVinduced fiber Bragg gratings. Here we describe our achievementsin fabrication of fiber Bragg gratings and their application todistributed sensor systems. Recently we have built up a laserlab for UV treatment in application to planar technology. Wehave demonstrated the high photosensitivity of PECVD depositedGe-doped glasses (not thermally annealed) even without hydrogenloading, leading to a record transmission suppression of 47dBin a Bragg grating photoinduced in a straight buried channelwaveguide. We have also used a UV induced refractive indexchange to introduce other device modifications or functions,such as phase shift, wavelength trimming and control ofpolarization birefringence.The developed low temperature technology and the UVprocessing form a unique technology platform for development ofnovel integrated functional devices for optical communicationsystems.

A substantial part of the thesis has been devoted tostudying different plasma deposition parameters and theirinfluence on the optical characteristics of fabricatedwaveguides to find the processing window giving the besttrade-off between the deposition rate,chamber temperatureduring the process, optical losses and presence of absorptionbands within the interesting wavelength range. The optimalconditions identified in this study are low pressure (300-400mTorr), high dilution of silane in nitrous oxide and high totalflow (2000 sccm), low frequency (380 KHz) RF source and high RFpower levels (800-1000 W).

The thesis provides better understanding of the plasmareactions during the deposition process. RF Power is the keyparameter for increasing the rate of surface processes so as toaccommodate each atomic layer in the lowest energy statepossible. All the process conditions which favor a moreenergetic ion bombardment (i.e. low pressure, low frequency andhigh power) improve the quality of the material, making it moredense and similar to thermal oxide, but after a certain pointthe positive trend with increasing power saturates. As theenergy of the incoming ion increases, a competing effect setsin at the surface: ion induced damage and resputtering.

Finally, the developed technologies were applied for thefabrication of some test and new concept devices for opticalcommunication systems including multimode interference (MMI)-based couplers/splitters, state-of-the-art arrayed waveguidegrating-based multi/ demultiplexers, the first Bragg gratingassisted MMI-based add-drop multiplexer, as well as moreresearch oriented devices such as a Mach-Zehnder switch basedon silica poling and a Photonic Crystal-based coupler.

Keywords:silica-on-silicon technology, PECVD, plasmadeposition, photonic integrated circuits, planar waveguidedevices, UV Bragg gratings, photosensitivity, arrayed waveguidegratings, multimode interference couplers, add-dropmultiplexers.

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Book chapters on the topic "Integrated Bragg Gratings"

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Voet, Eli, Geert Luyckx, Ives De Baere, Joris Degrieck, J. Vlekken, E. Jacobs, and Hartmut Bartelt. "High Strain Monitoring during Fatigue Loading of Thermoplastic Composites Using Imbedded Draw Tower Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors." In Emboding Intelligence in Structures and Integrated Systems, 441–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-13-3.441.

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"Fibre Bragg gratings/microelectromechanical system-integrated optical devices." In Fibre Bragg Gratings in Harsh and Space Environments: Principles and applications, 173–89. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbcs069e_ch8.

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Kikuchi, Kazaro. "Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)." In Encyclopedic Handbook of Integrated Optics, 64–73. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315220949-10.

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Braunfelds, Janis, Sandis Spolitis, Jurgis Porins, and Vjaceslavs Bobrovs. "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Integration in Fiber Optical Systems." In Optical Fiber [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94289.

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are a progressive passive optical components, and used for temperature, strain, water level, humidity, etc. monitoring. FBG sensors network can be integrated into existing optical fiber network infrastructure and realized structural health monitoring of roads, bridges, buildings, etc. In this chapter, the FBG sensor network integration in a single-channel and multi-channel spectrum sliced wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (SS-WDM-PON) is presented and assessed. The operation of both the sensors and data transmission system, over a shared optical distribution network (ODN), is a challenging task and should be evaluated to provide stable, high-performance mixed systems in the future. Therefore, we have investigated the influence of FBG temperature sensors on 10 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero on–off keying (NRZ-OOK) modulated data channels optical transmission system. Results show that the crosstalk between both systems is negligible. The successful operation of both systems (with BER < 2 × 10−3 for communication system) can be achieved over ODN distances up to 40 km.
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Wang, Z. F., J. Wang*, J. Q. Zhang, C. B. Tian, Q. M. Sui, Y. N. Dong, L. Jia, and X. M. Liang. "Deformation classifying and reconstructing method for smart Geogrid integrated with fiber Bragg grating sensors." In Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Innovation, Theory and Practice, 1007–13. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429343292-133.

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Conference papers on the topic "Integrated Bragg Gratings"

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Lin, C., E. W. Jacobs, and J. S. Rodgers. "Spiral planar-waveguide Bragg gratings." In SPIE OPTO: Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, edited by Jean-Emmanuel Broquin and Christoph M. Greiner. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.808341.

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Jantzen, A., C. Holmes, S. G. Lynch, M. T. Posner, R. H. S. Bannerman, and P. G. R. Smith. "Tilted Bragg Gratings in Integrated Optical Fiber." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.2016.bt2b.2.

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Meltz, Gerald. "Fiber Bragg grating devices and applications." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1991.mc1.

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Experiments in our laboratory1-3 and elsewhere4,5 show that the refractive index of germanosilicate fiber can be modified by a few parts in 105 to upwards of 5 × 10-4 by photobleaching the oxygen vacancy band of germania. Typically, the fiber core is exposed through the side of the cladding to UV radiation at a wavelength from 230 to 266 nm. Permanent phase gratings are "written," with a specified period, by using a pair of intersecting coherent beams. The periodic index modulation forms a Bragg grating that can be used for very narrow stop and pass-band filters, or as a means to stabilize laser diodes, and as reflectors in rare earth-doped fiber lasers. Other applications include taps and launchers, which are made by blazing the grating and selecting a suitable period to couple a bound mode into a radiating mode,6. and mode coupler and filters. This paper will review the design and performance of both active and passive Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) components, and discuss the thermal stability and aging characteristics of the photo-induced index changes.
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Sun, Hao, and Lawrence R. Chen. "Phase-shifted waveguide Bragg gratings enabled by subwavelength grating structures." In Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iprsn.2021.im2a.4.

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Simard, Alexandre D., Yves Painchaud, and Sophie LaRochelle. "Characterization of Integrated Bragg Grating Profiles." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.2012.bm3d.7.

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Simard, Alexandre D., Yves Painchaud, and Sophie LaRochelle. "Integrated Bragg gratings in curved waveguides." In 2010 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics Society (Formerly LEOS Annual Meeting). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/photonics.2010.5699094.

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Wang, Xu, Han Yun, and Lukas Chrostowski. "Integrated Bragg Gratings in Spiral Waveguides." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2013.cth4f.8.

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Matsumoto, Masayuki. "Analysis of the blazing effect in second-order gratings." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.wc2.

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In this paper we analyze the blazing effect in second-order gratings with asymmetric tooth shapes and examine the applicability of the effect for improving the efficiency of grating-coupled surface-emitting (GSE) lasers. Figure 1 shows a schematic of the second-order distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) analyzed in this paper. A residual or buffer layer t g < x < t g + t b is introduced to control the coupling between the guided waves and the grating, which has a relatively large thickness in order to obtain the effect of blazing.
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Poga, Constantina, Robert Blomquist, Louay A. Eldada, and Robert A. Norwood. "Polymer Bragg gratings for wavelength division multiplexers." In Optoelectronics '99 - Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, edited by Ivan Cindrich, Sing H. Lee, and Richard L. Sutherland. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.349313.

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Guyot, Clément, Gwenn Ulliac, Arnaud Gerthoffer, Jean Dahdah, Benattou Sadani, Blandine Guichardaz, Roland Salut, Maria-Pilar Bernal, Fadi Baida, and Nadège Courjal. "Characterization of extremely short LiNbO3 Bragg gratings." In Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iprsn.2013.jt3a.13.

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