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1

Reußner, Nico. "Die GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung beim Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202164.

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Precise Point Positioning (PPP) ermöglicht eine präzise Positionsbestimmung mittels globaler Satellitennavigationssysteme (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) ohne die direkte Verwendung der Beobachtungsdaten von regionalen Referenzstationen. Die wesentlichste Einschränkung von PPP im Vergleich zu differenziellen Auswertetechniken (Real-Time Kinematic, RTK) ist die deutlich längere Konvergenzzeit. Voraussetzung für die Verkürzung der Konvergenzzeit ist die Festsetzung der geschätzten Mehrdeutigkeiten auf ganzzahlige Werte. Die Mehrdeutigkeitslösung verlangt ein robustes funktionales Modell und beruht auf einem zweistufigen Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren, welches frei von ionosphärischen Einflüssen 1. Ordnung ist. Die sowohl auf Code- als auch auf Phasenbeobachtungen basierende Melbourne-Wübbena-Linearkombination erlaubt hierbei eine einfache Festsetzung der Widelane-Mehrdeutigkeiten. Infolgedessen kann zur Berechnung der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination die im Vergleich zur Wellenlänge der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination deutlich größere Narrowlane-Wellenlänge verwendet werden. Zur Stabilisierung des im Normalfall lediglich auf den Beobachtungsdaten des amerikanischen Global Positioning System (GPS) beruhenden funktionalen Modells können die Beobachtungsdaten des russischen GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) beitragen. Aufgrund der Technik, die GLONASS zur Identifizierung der einzelnen Satelliten einsetzt (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), unterscheiden sich die Frequenzen der einzelnen Satelliten. Die leicht unterschiedlichen Frequenzen erschweren die Modellierung und Korrektion der instrumentell bedingten Signalverzögerungen (z. B. Fractional-Cycle Biases (FCB)). Vor diesem Hintergrund kann das konventionelle Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren nur bedingt für GLONASS verwendet werden. Die Untersuchung der instrumentell bedingten GLONASS-Signalverzögerungen sowie die Entwicklung einer alternativen Methode zur Festsetzung der GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeiten mit dem Ziel einer kombinierten GPS/GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung sind die Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die entwickelte alternative Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsstrategie baut auf der puren Widelane-Linearkombination auf, weshalb globale Ionosphärenmodelle unabdingbar sind. Sie eignet sich sowohl für GLONASS als auch für GPS und zeigt gleichwertige Ergebnisse für beide GNSS, wenngleich im Vergleich zur konventionellen Methode mit geringeren Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsquoten zu rechnen ist
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) allows for accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning without the immediate need for observations collected by regional station networks. The fundamental drawback of PPP in comparison to differential techniques such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a significant increase in convergence time. Among a plurality of different measures aiming for a reduction of convergence time, fixing the estimated carrier phase ambiguities to integer values is the key technique for success. The ambiguity resolution asks for a robust functional model and rests upon a two-stage method ruling out first-order ionospheric effects. In this context the Melbourne-Wübbena linear combination of dual-frequency carrier phase and code measurements leverages a simple resolution of widelane ambiguities. As a consequence the in comparison to the wavelength of the ionosphere-free linear combination significantly longer narrowlane wavelength can be used to form the ionosphere-free linear combination. By default the applied functional model is solely based on observations of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However measurements from the GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) can contribute to improve the model’s stability significantly. Due to the technique used by GLONASS to distinguish individual satellites (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), the signals broadcast by those satellites differ in their frequencies. The resulting slightly different frequencies constitute a barricade for both modelling and correcting any device-dependent signal delays, e.g. fractional-cycle biases (FCB). These facts limit the applicability of the conventional ambiguity-fixing approach when it comes to GLONASS signals. The present work puts a focus both on investigating the device-dependent GLONASS signal delays and on developing an alternative method for fixing GLONASS ambiguities with the ultimate objective of a combined GPS/GLONASS ambiguity resolution. The alternative ambiguity resolution strategy is based on the pure widelane linear combination, for which reason ionospheric corrections are indispensable. The procedure is applicable for GLONASS in the first instance but reveals equivalent results for both GPS and GLONASS. The disadvantage relative to the conventional approach is the reduced ambiguity fixing success rate
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2

Pascolini, Laetitia Pernoo-Bécache Marianne. "Coopération inter-établissements pour la prise en charge documentaire des chercheurs de la MSH Paris-Nord l'apport du SCD Paris 8 à travers le service du PEB et le développement des collections pour les disciplines artistiques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/ppp/ppp-pascolini.pdf.

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3

Sarakbi, Bakr. "Routage inter-domaine." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625316.

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Internet est le réseau le plus gigantesque que l'humanité ne se soit pourvu. Il fournit un nombre important de services à plus de deux milliards d'utilisateurs. Cette topologie grandissante et complexe pêche en stabilité, ce qui peut notamment être constaté quand un appel voix est interrompu, quand une page web à besoin d'être rafraîchie, etc. L'initiateur de cette instabilité est l'ensemble des événements constatés dans l'Internet. Ceci nous motive à une Étude profonde de la stabilité d'Internet afin de suggère des solutions à cette problématique. Internet est divisé en deux niveaux de base: le niveau AS (Autonomous System) et le niveau de routage. Cette distinction se répercute dans les protocoles de routage qui contrôlent le trafic Internet à travers deux types de protocoles: extérieur (inter-AS) et intérieur (intra-AS). L'unique protocole de routage extérieur utilité est le mode externe de BGP (External Border Gateway Protocol) tandis qu'il en existe plusieurs de type intérieur. De fait, la stabilisation de l'Internet est corrélée à la stabilité des protocoles de routage. Cela pousse les efforts de traitement de l'instabilité de l'Internet à Étudier le comportement du protocole de routage (BGP). Analyser les résultats des comportements de BGP dans son mode externe (eBGP) souffre d'un temps de convergence important menant notamment à des réponses lentes des évènements de topologie et, à terme, à la perte du trafic. Les études établissent également que le mode interne de BGP (iBGP) souffre de plusieurs types d'anomalies de routage causant la divergence. Afin d'illustrer la stabilité de BGP, nous avons besoin d'un modèle de routage qui formule la procédure de décision et le flot de signalisation. De plus, les améliorations de BGP ne peuvent pas être aisément validées dans l'Internet, rendant ainsi les modèles de BGP indispensables à une validation formelle. De fait, la première étape dans l'étude du routage inter-domaine est de définir un modèle approprié permettant la formulation de ses opérations et de prouver sa correction. Nous avons proposé deux modèles complémentaires: topologique et fonctionnel, avec lesquels nous avons formulé le processus de convergence du routage et démontré la sécurité et la robustesse de nos solutions d'inter/intra-AS. Notre proposition d'inter-AS élimine les déconnections transitoires causées par une faible convergence d'eBGP en suggérant une stratégie de backup lors d'une panne. Notre proposition d'intra-AS (skeleton) donne une alternative aux configurations internes existantes, pour laquelle nous avons montré l'absence d'anomalies.
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4

Rebehy, Juliana Cristina Rodrigues Criscuolo. "Parceria público-privada interfederativa, na modalidade patrocinada, de mobilidade urbana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21499.

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This research discusses the legal basis of an Urban Mobility Inter-federative Public-Private Partnership (PPP), provided with a viability gap payment by the Public Administration. The aim of this work is to further the identification in the Brazilian legal system (i) of the rules that relate to an Inter-federative PPP, (ii) the specific characteristics of a PPP provided with a viability gap payment by the Public Administration, (iii) the competent authority to tender, regulate and inspect Inter-federative PPPs, (iv) the federative entities’ responsibility in Inter-federative PPP’ for the payment of the viability gap and provision of guarantees that may be presented to the Private Partner, and (v) the peculiar requirements for urban mobility projects. In order to achieve such goal, this work investigates (i) the contours of the constitutional competencies of the federation entities, especially with regard to the ownership of services of regional interest within a metropolitan region and urban agglomeration, (ii) the rules regulating inter-federative governance and the PPP, with a viability gap, (iii) the creation of an intergovernmental entity to enable the provision of public services of regional interest within a metropolitan region or urban agglomeration, (iv) the specific requirements of urban mobility projects and (v) identification of the Interfederative PPP’s peculiarities. In order to meet its goals, this study applied a methodology based on current legislation and cases that have been subject to Court evaluation
Esta pesquisa versa sobre o regime jurídico da Parceria Público-Privada (PPP) Interfederativa, na modalidade patrocinada, de Mobilidade Urbana. O objetivo desse trabalho é aprofundar a identificação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro (i) das normas que regem a PPP Interfederativa, (ii) das características específicas da PPP, na modalidade patrocinada, (iii) da autoridade competente para licitar, regular e fiscalizar a PPP Interfederativa, (iv) da responsabilidade dos entes federativos na PPP Interfederativa pelo pagamento da contraprestação e aporte público e prestação de garantias a serem dadas ao Parceiro Privado, e (v) das exigências peculiares para os projetos de mobilidade urbana. Para essa finalidade, o estudo investiga (i) os contornos das competências constitucionais dos entes da federação, especialmente, no que tange à titularidade da prestação dos serviços de interesse regional no âmbito de uma região metropolitana e aglomeração urbana, (ii) as normas que disciplinam a governança interfederativa e a PPP, na modalidade patrocinada, (iii) , as formas de criação de entidade intergovernamental para viabilizar a prestação dos serviços públicos de interesse regional no âmbito de uma região metropolitana ou aglomeração urbana, (iv) as exigências específicas dos projetos de mobilidade urbana e (v) a identificação das peculiaridades da PPP Interfederativa. Para responder aos seus objetivos, traz uma metodologia pautada em legislação atual e casos concretos analisados pelo Poder Judiciário
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5

Muratov, Askar. "Intra - Organizational Purchasing Synergy : Reengineering of Periodic Price Adjustment (PPA) Process." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77237.

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Purpose: The purpose is to investigate and analyse the impact of intra-organizational purchasing synergy on periodic price adjustment (PPA) process. Specifically, paper provides a view on how  purchasing process synergy through an operational IT platform can increase process reengineering opportunities within PPA.  Methodology: So, to fulfil the purpose of the research, the in-depth case study approach is chosen as a strategy that goes along with exploratory nature of the study, aimed at gaining rich insights in the context in which the phenomenon happens. Findings: The findings emphasize the importance of global process standardization and balanced governance among regional affiliates in successful implementation of PPA process synergy. We also identify a set of specific process reengineering needs  in PPA such as company wide information sharing,  standardization of part specifications and cost bases, and joint world-wide cost reduction activity within global buyer community (BGC). Then it is observed that all these process reengineering initiatives will not be possible without solid and flexible IT infrastructure  to improve buyer productivity and support their further development.   Research limitations/implications: Primarily, this study was conducted on single in-depth case study which makes it difficult to completely generalize the findings. Next, there are many factors impacting intra-organizational pricing processes besides global synergy projects. In fact, regional and organizational contexts are of high importance, which are addressed but not analysed in detail in the current study.   Practical implications: Together, the findings contribute to our understanding of the step-by-step pricing activity from industrial customer perspective and how buyers can improve cost competitiveness through various tangible and commercial part cost reduction activities.   Originality/value: Current study has addressed the pricing process from industrial customer perspective. It has two main theoretical contributions: (1) Detailed step-by-step description of PPA process between OEMs and their suppliers happening after SOP; and (2) groundwork for implementation guidance on intra-organizational price revision process synergy.
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6

Parpaleix, Jean. "Modelisation de la logique a injection i2l dans le procede a isolement par oxyde subilo n, application a l'optimisation des circuits." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2051.

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L'objet de cette etude est la modelisation de la logique a injection i2l dans le procede subilo n a isolement par oxyde. Cette modelisation est effectuee a l'aide des parametres unites. Ces parametres sont independant des structures et des geometries, ils permettent une modelisation aisee et rapide de la structure i2l dont le fonctionnement est pourtant complexe. Le modele ainsi obtenu est alors utilise pour discuter des methodes de mesure de gain i2l et leur validite. Il est ensuite applique a la determination et l'optimisation des geometries i2l de puissance puis a l'etude des bruits logiques et enfin, a l'etude de la faisabilite d'un diviseur i2l rapide
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7

GATIS, Igor de Andrade Lima. "Um middleware para construção de aplicações de TV digital distribuídas baseadas no Modelo P2P." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2609.

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A TV Digital Interativa traz consigo uma série de mudanças que vai muito além da melhoria de qualidade em áudio e vídeo. Ela trará o aumento da diversidade e disponibilidade de conteúdo multimídia e fará com que as pessoas deixem de ser meros espectadores para se tornarem também usuários de aplicativos multimídia interativos. Estes aplicativos virão com o conteúdo multimídia e irão permitir que o usuário possa interagir ativamente com o conteúdo exibido ou até mesmo com as emissoras, pois os padrões de TV digital prevêem a existência de um canal de interação através do qual o aparelho de TV possa se comunicar numa rede de computadores, como a Internet, por exemplo. Desta forma, as aplicações de TV digital poderão acessar serviços como e-mail, Internet-banking e comércio eletrônico. No entanto, estes são serviços centralizados e não exploram a interatividade entre as pessoas. É fácil prever que, num futuro próximo, existirá demanda por aplicações que explorem a interatividade entre as pessoas. Porém, fazer com que estas aplicações se comuniquem é um verdadeiro desafio, pois o uso de servidores para intermediar mensagens está sujeito a problemas de escalabilidade, e a troca direta de mensagens é prejudicada pela heterogeneidade da rede em que o canal de interação é disponibilizado. Este trabalho propõe um Middleware para este tipo de aplicação distribuída. O Middleware proposto foi baseado no modelo de comunicação peer-to-peer, pois, após a análise dos requisitos deste tipo de software distribuído, verificou-se que este modelo é o que melhor se adequa. O mesmo foi construído sobre a plataforma JXTA, que resolve os problemas de infra-estrutura da rede, compreendendo um serviço avançado de busca e um mecanismo de invocação remota de método, semelhante à tecnologia Java RMI
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8

Bandyopadhyay, Amrita. "Analysis of the Arabidopsis Polyadenylation Factors PAP1, CstF64 and CstF77 and their characteristic inter-relationship." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/601.

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3’-end modification by polyadenylation is a ubiquitous feature of almost all eukaryotic mRNA species and is catalyzed by a consortium of enzymes, the polyadenylation factors. Poly(A) polymerase (PAP), the enzyme catalyzing the addition of adenosine residues during the polyadenylation stage, exists in four isoforms within Arabidopsis. In silico and yeast two-hybrid studies showed that PAP1 has unique expression and interaction pattern in Arabidopsis, suggesting non-canonical functions of PAP1. Its exclusive interaction with PAP4 has not been reported in other living systems until now and hints at a difference in polyadenylation in plants with respect to mammals and yeast. Cleavage Stimulation Factor (CstF), a heterotrimeric complex of the polyadenylation factors CstF50, CstF64 and CstF77, plays a role largely in cleavage of pre-mRNA. This study highlights some aspects of the Arabidopsis homologs of CstF64 and CstF77, central to various cellular processes other than nuclear polyadenylation. In silico studies showed an elevated expression of CstF64 in the pollen while that of CstF77 remained fairly low. Yeast two-hybrid assays indicated a novel kind of interaction of CstF64 with Fip1(V). It is also speculated from sub-cellular localization techniques by agroinfiltration in tobacco leaves that CstF64 localizes in the cytoplasm and CstF77 in the nucleus, as found for the orthologs of CstF77 in other systems.
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9

HANNA, THERY ANNE, and Walid Hanna. "Interet du psa dans les carcinomes prostatiques, resultats d'une etude couplee avec les pap chez 49 patients traites au centre oscar lambret entre 1986 et 1988." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M315.

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10

Dieterich, Danielle May. "Andy Warhol's Utilization of inter/VIEW Magazine as a Self Promotional Marketing Tool Updated to a Social Media Strategy For Artists in Today's Technological Age." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1452949628.

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11

Beisler, Matthias Werner. "Modelling of input data uncertainty based on random set theory for evaluation of the financial feasibility for hydropower projects." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-71564.

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The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects. Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process. One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered. Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method. The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results
Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben
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12

Reußner, Nico. "Die GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung beim Precise Point Positioning (PPP)." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29464.

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Precise Point Positioning (PPP) ermöglicht eine präzise Positionsbestimmung mittels globaler Satellitennavigationssysteme (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS) ohne die direkte Verwendung der Beobachtungsdaten von regionalen Referenzstationen. Die wesentlichste Einschränkung von PPP im Vergleich zu differenziellen Auswertetechniken (Real-Time Kinematic, RTK) ist die deutlich längere Konvergenzzeit. Voraussetzung für die Verkürzung der Konvergenzzeit ist die Festsetzung der geschätzten Mehrdeutigkeiten auf ganzzahlige Werte. Die Mehrdeutigkeitslösung verlangt ein robustes funktionales Modell und beruht auf einem zweistufigen Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren, welches frei von ionosphärischen Einflüssen 1. Ordnung ist. Die sowohl auf Code- als auch auf Phasenbeobachtungen basierende Melbourne-Wübbena-Linearkombination erlaubt hierbei eine einfache Festsetzung der Widelane-Mehrdeutigkeiten. Infolgedessen kann zur Berechnung der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination die im Vergleich zur Wellenlänge der ionosphären-freien Linearkombination deutlich größere Narrowlane-Wellenlänge verwendet werden. Zur Stabilisierung des im Normalfall lediglich auf den Beobachtungsdaten des amerikanischen Global Positioning System (GPS) beruhenden funktionalen Modells können die Beobachtungsdaten des russischen GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) beitragen. Aufgrund der Technik, die GLONASS zur Identifizierung der einzelnen Satelliten einsetzt (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), unterscheiden sich die Frequenzen der einzelnen Satelliten. Die leicht unterschiedlichen Frequenzen erschweren die Modellierung und Korrektion der instrumentell bedingten Signalverzögerungen (z. B. Fractional-Cycle Biases (FCB)). Vor diesem Hintergrund kann das konventionelle Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsverfahren nur bedingt für GLONASS verwendet werden. Die Untersuchung der instrumentell bedingten GLONASS-Signalverzögerungen sowie die Entwicklung einer alternativen Methode zur Festsetzung der GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeiten mit dem Ziel einer kombinierten GPS/GLONASS-Mehrdeutigkeitslösung sind die Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die entwickelte alternative Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsstrategie baut auf der puren Widelane-Linearkombination auf, weshalb globale Ionosphärenmodelle unabdingbar sind. Sie eignet sich sowohl für GLONASS als auch für GPS und zeigt gleichwertige Ergebnisse für beide GNSS, wenngleich im Vergleich zur konventionellen Methode mit geringeren Mehrdeutigkeitsfestsetzungsquoten zu rechnen ist.
Precise Point Positioning (PPP) allows for accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based positioning without the immediate need for observations collected by regional station networks. The fundamental drawback of PPP in comparison to differential techniques such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is a significant increase in convergence time. Among a plurality of different measures aiming for a reduction of convergence time, fixing the estimated carrier phase ambiguities to integer values is the key technique for success. The ambiguity resolution asks for a robust functional model and rests upon a two-stage method ruling out first-order ionospheric effects. In this context the Melbourne-Wübbena linear combination of dual-frequency carrier phase and code measurements leverages a simple resolution of widelane ambiguities. As a consequence the in comparison to the wavelength of the ionosphere-free linear combination significantly longer narrowlane wavelength can be used to form the ionosphere-free linear combination. By default the applied functional model is solely based on observations of the Global Positioning System (GPS). However measurements from the GLObal’naya NAvigatsioannaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) can contribute to improve the model’s stability significantly. Due to the technique used by GLONASS to distinguish individual satellites (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA), the signals broadcast by those satellites differ in their frequencies. The resulting slightly different frequencies constitute a barricade for both modelling and correcting any device-dependent signal delays, e.g. fractional-cycle biases (FCB). These facts limit the applicability of the conventional ambiguity-fixing approach when it comes to GLONASS signals. The present work puts a focus both on investigating the device-dependent GLONASS signal delays and on developing an alternative method for fixing GLONASS ambiguities with the ultimate objective of a combined GPS/GLONASS ambiguity resolution. The alternative ambiguity resolution strategy is based on the pure widelane linear combination, for which reason ionospheric corrections are indispensable. The procedure is applicable for GLONASS in the first instance but reveals equivalent results for both GPS and GLONASS. The disadvantage relative to the conventional approach is the reduced ambiguity fixing success rate.
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13

Sheng-MinHsu and 徐晟旼. "A Similarity-based P2P Botnet Detection Algorithm for Inter-Domain NetFlow Analysis." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89939394803554483764.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
104
Recently, peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets have been adopted for a variety of cyber-crimes. Many approaches for P2P botnet detections had studied, but most of them are based on a single domain traffic to analyze bot activities. It seems hard to recognize the malicious activities from a single domain traffic, especially for P2P botnets that often scattered across the Internet to exchange information. In this paper, we propose an innovative P2P botnet detection algorithm to federate multiple sites to inter-domain traffic analysis. Our algorithm first extracts traffic as feature vectors, and then run a cooperative graph-based algorithm across multiple domains to improve precision. We believe our P2P botnet detection can solve well-known and unknown botnets. Evaluation based on real traffic journal shows the availability of our approach, and the verification was given using VirusTotal to validate the outcomes correctness which at least 80 percentage malicious IPs appeared on it.
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14

Wang, Ding-Chao, and 李明憲. "Improving the Robustness of Media Streaming Services in CDN-P2P Networks through Inter-description Recovery." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97209146414961699954.

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Abstract:
碩士
南台科技大學
資訊管理系
97
With the rapidly increasing bandwidth at the access link of end users, more and more users nowadays tend to select and enjoy their desired videos directly from VoD servers. How to efficiently provide on-demand media streaming services has emerged as an important issue deserving serious attention. In this paper, based on the Loopback-MDC architecture, we propose an Inter-Description failure recovery mechanism and ExtLoopback-MDC architecture. Inter-Description failure recovery is proposed to reduce the additional workload imposed on the proxy server due to clients’ early departures. ExtLoopback-MDC architecture is proposed to reduce the additional workload imposed on the proxy server due to the low peer arrival rate. The proposed Inter-Description failure recovery mechanism includes peer buffer management and inter-description recovery. Both the robustness and availability of video streams are taken into account in the design of the proposed Inter-Description failure recovery mechanism so as to boost the scalability of proxy servers, lessen the impact of peers’ early departure on others and provide users with better QoS. When the resilience and availability of certain videos in the Loopback-MDC architecture is low, ExtLoopback-MDC architecture can improve the resilience of the proxy server and enhance the peers’ waiting time, thereby providing users with better QoS. The simulation results show that the Inter-Description failure recovery mechanism can efficiently deal with peers’ early departures and reduce the bandwidth consumption required for the proxy server to recover peers abandoned by departing ones. The simulation results also show that the Inter-Description failure recovery mechanism can efficiently deal with the low peer arrival rate for the proxy server to recover peers abandoned by departing ones
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15

Beisler, Matthias Werner. "Modelling of input data uncertainty based on random set theory for evaluation of the financial feasibility for hydropower projects." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22775.

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The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects. Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process. One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered. Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method. The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results.
Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben.
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16

Stasko, Carly. "A Pedagogy of Holistic Media Literacy: Reflections on Culture Jamming as Transformative Learning and Healing." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/18109.

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This qualitative study uses narrative inquiry (Connelly & Clandinin, 1988, 1990, 2001) and self-study to investigate ways to further understand and facilitate the integration of holistic philosophies of education with media literacy pedagogies. As founder and director of the Youth Media Literacy Project and a self-titled Imagitator (one who agitates imagination), I have spent over 10 years teaching media literacy in various high schools, universities, and community centres across North America. This study will focus on my own personal practical knowledge (Connelly & Clandinin, 1982) as a culture jammer, educator and cancer survivor to illustrate my original vision of a ‘holistic media literacy pedagogy’. This research reflects on the emergence and impact of holistic media literacy in my personal and professional life and also draws from relevant interdisciplinary literature to challenge and synthesize current insights and theories of media literacy, holistic education and culture jamming.
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