Relevant bibliographies by topics / Insurgency – europe, central – history

Academic literature on the topic 'Insurgency – europe, central – history'

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Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Insurgency – europe, central – history"

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Zimmerman, Andrew. "Race against Revolution in Central and Eastern Europe." East Central Europe 43, no. 1-2 (September 16, 2016): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04302004.

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Racism and racial “science” emerged in Europe as an elite response to a worldwide wave of rural insurgencies that began in the era of the French and Haitian Revolutions and continues, in its own way, to this day. In his dialectic of lord and bondsman, g.w.f. Hegel formulated political, economic, and biopolitical ideas from the uprisings occurring in his world, creating a now long-standing dialogue between dialectical theory, including Marxism, and rural insurgency. Racism was part of a biopolitical counterrevolution that sought to maintain the power of elites over insurgent populations. Here Prussia played a central role, as its struggle against the autonomy of migrant agricultural labors took the form of campaigns against the “Polonization” of Prussia. The social scientist Max Weber theorized this struggle in a series of essays on race and rural labor that produced a racism based on culture rather than biology. This cultural racism, like the insurgent discourses it opposes, persists in many forms in Central Europe and around the world.
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Kotlyar, Yuriy, and Marharyta Lymar. "Ukrainian Shield in Defense of European Civilization: Chronology and Periodization." Eminak, no. 3(43) (November 10, 2023): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.3(43).669.

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This article demonstrates how the ‘Ukrainian Shield’ has protected European civilization for more than a thousand years of turbulence. The article also develops a periodization of this phenomenon. Scientific novelty. Despite a thorough study of some aspects of the topic, the Ukrainian Shield hypothesis as a unifying theme has not been adequately covered in Ukrainian historiography. The authors show the leading role of Ukraine in the struggle against various enemies who tried to conquer European countries, and we define the chronological boundaries and develop a periodization of this process. Methodology. The study uses a civilizational approach, methods of analogy and periodization, historical, chronological comparative and analytical methods. Conclusions. For more than 1155 years, the Ukrainian Crystal Shield has defended European civilization from various enemies, with the Ukrainian population bearing an enormous cost. This process began in 867, when the legendary Kyivan Princes Askold and Dir defeated the Pechenegs, and continues in 2023, when Ukrainians stopped the resurgent Moscow horde that threatens the whole world. The periodization of the Ukrainian Shield was developed on the basis of the stages of Ukrainian statehood. Stage I. Princely Statehood: wars with the Pechenegs (867-1036); with the Torks (1055-1060); with the Polovtsians (Cumans) (1060-1238); with the Mongol-Tatars (1223-1241). Stage II. Cossack Era: confrontation with the Turks and Tatars (1478-1775). Stage III. The Ukrainian National Revolution: the struggle of the Ukrainian insurgency against the march of the Bolsheviks’ World Revolution (1917-1923). Stage IV. The Modern Ukrainian Independent State: the Russian-Ukrainian war (2014-2023). The Ukrainian Shield protected European civilization from the Pechenegs, Torks, Polovtsians, Mongol-Tatars, Turks, Bolsheviks, and continues to protect it from Russian aggression since February 24, 2022. For 667 years out of the past 1155 years, Ukraine has been engaged in open conflict to repel invaders. Many of the “peaceful” years were spent preparing for the next onslaught. These long and bloody wars, often waged against superior opponents, has required enormous effort, along with material and human resources from Ukrainians. The principal beneficiaries of Ukrainian heroism have been the peoples of central and western Europe. Funding. The article is published within the international project Erasmus+ in the direction of Jean Monnet Module «Implementation of European values as a basis of democracy in Ukraine» (EVADEM – 101085843 – ERASMUS-JMO-2022-MODULE).
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Velagić, Adnan. "Uloga Italije u junskom ustanku 1941. godine na području Hercegovine." Historijski pogledi 5, no. 8 (November 15, 2022): 208–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.208.

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After the April War and the collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the position of Bosnia and Herzegovina was extremely complex. Although only a few days before the start of the attack on Yugoslavia, in a document called „Preliminary guidelines for the division of Yugoslavia“, Hitler handed over the entire area of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Italy - which determined Mussolini to take maximum part in the „Directive 25“ operation - the situation turned out to be complicated. immediately after the successful completion of the military operation. Namely, at the Vienna Conference on April 21 and 22, 1941, Germany took the side of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) and supported the inclusion of Bosnia and Herzegovina in its composition. There were several reasons for this German turn, and the key one certainly lay in the fact that Hiter was counting on German dominance in the Adriatic, so in this respect he was very bothered by Mussolini's emphasized irredentism (Italia irredenta - the fight for an ununited Italy from the Atlantic to Central Asia ). This development of the situation affected the complication of relations within the victorious camp. The ambivalence between Italy and the NDH was especially pronounced, regarding supremacy over the territory of Herzegovina. In that period, the situation on the ground was very complex. The uprising of the Serbian population, due to reprisals by the current Croatian government, which was supported by Italy, at the beginning of June 1941 destabilized the NDH in this area and called into question the strategic German military-political ambitions in Eastern Europe. Namely, Germany soon saw that the current NDH government was unable to maintain order and peace, so it had to yield to Italy and support the signing of the Zagreb Agreement on August 26, 1941. According to this agreement, the territory of Herzegovina was placed under Italian supremacy. However, even after that, the situation in this area did not calm down. Until the capitulation in 1943, Italy continued to support the Serbian insurgents, among whom in the spring of 1942 a differentiation into partisans and Chetniks took place. The Partisan insurgents accepted the ideology of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, which stood on the positions of fighting against the occupiers, while the Chetniks accepted the Great Serbian ideology and cooperation with the Italian forces in Herzegovina. In order to strengthen its presence in this area, Italy did everything to weaken the strength of its ally in the Triple Pact - NDH, and in this sense it helped (politically protected and financed) the Great Serbian insurgents in every way. In the end, Italy, under the pretext of the need to mobilize all forces against the communist partisans, legalized the Greater Serbian insurgents, giving them the name Volunteer Anti-Communist Militia (MVAC - Milizia volontaria anti comunista). Historical knowledge about the June uprising in Herzegovina is not enough, because very few authors have dealt with this issue. Italy's role in encouraging and affirming the Serbian insurgents is even less illuminated. In this paper, the author, on the basis of published and unpublished archival materials, and on the basis of relevant literature, considered the causes, character and reflections of the Serbian uprising in Herzegovina in June 1941, with special attention to the role of Italy in encouraging and affirming the insurgents.
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Mukherjee, Shivaji. "Colonial Origins of Maoist Insurgency in India." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 10 (September 27, 2017): 2232–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002717727818.

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What are the long-term effects of colonial institutions on insurgency? My article shows the historical origins of insurgency by addressing the puzzle of why the persistent Maoist insurgency, considered to be India’s biggest internal security threat, affects some districts along the central eastern corridor of India but not others. Combining archival and interview data from fieldwork in Maoist zones with an original district-level quantitative data set, I demonstrate that different types of British colonial indirect rule set up the structural conditions of ethnic inequality and state weakness that facilitate emergence of Maoist control. I address the issue of selection bias, by developing a new instrument for the British choice of indirect rule through princely states, based on the exogenous effect of wars in Europe on British decisions in India. This article reconceptualizes colonial indirect rule and also presents new data on rebel control and precolonial rebellions.
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Kennedy, Jonathan, and Sunil Purushotham. "Beyond Naxalbari: A Comparative Analysis of Maoist Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Independent India." Comparative Studies in Society and History 54, no. 4 (September 20, 2012): 832–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417512000436.

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AbstractThis paper demonstrates that there have been three distinct waves of Maoist insurgency in India since 1947. We construct an ideal typical model of Maoist insurgency that is used to compare the roles played by local populations, insurgents, and state counterinsurgency measures across space and time. This allows us to demonstrate that the commonly accepted narrative of Indian Maoist insurgency must be fundamentally rethought. The Naxalbari outbreak in 1967 and the subsequent insurgency in West Bengal is generally agreed to be the central point in the history of Maoist insurgency in India. But our analysis demonstrates that it was comparatively short-lived and atypical. We instead trace the genealogy of Indian Maoism to Telengana in the late 1940s. The common feature linking all three waves is the persistence of insurgent activity among various tribal or adivasi communities in the central Indian “tribal belt.” Their overriding grievances are the historically iniquitous relationships produced by the processes of state and market expansion that have incorporated and subordinated adivasi populations who previously had a large degree of socioeconomic and political autonomy. The state's counterinsurgency strategy has consisted of violence combined with developmental and governance interventions. This has pushed Maoist insurgency to the margins of Indian political life but has been unable to eliminate insurgent activity or address the fundamental grievances of adivasis. We conclude by arguing that Maoist insurgency in India should not be considered as crime to be resolved by state violence, or as an economic problem requiring the intensification of developmental measures, but as a matter of politics.
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Frank, Andre Gunder. "Historical atlas of East Central Europe: A history of East Central Europe." Political Geography 14, no. 8 (November 1995): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-6298(95)90017-9.

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Teichova, Alice, and Andreas Resch. "Tagungsbericht: Business History in Central Europe." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 45, no. 1 (April 1, 2000): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2000-0106.

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Breuilly, J. "Nation-Building in Central Europe." German History 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/7.1.140a.

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Beller, Steven. "Commentary: Central Europe Is Elsewhere." Austrian History Yearbook 36 (January 2005): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800004914.

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Paul robert magocsi has written an informative and intelligent article about the relationship between the various nation-states of central Europe that found themselves behind the Iron Curtain and their respective national diasporas in North America. His comparison of the relationship between the countries and their diasporas at the “temporal nodes” of 1918 and 1989 suggests that the real difference between the two was that in 1918 the ideal of the nation-state was in the ascendancy, both in America and among the various central European national groups, whereas in 1989 the American diasporas were still beholden to the nation-state ideal at a time when their counterparts “back home” had moved on from the outdated nation-state ideal to embrace the supranational—or at least multinational—ideal of the European Union. This explains the relative importance of the diasporas in 1918 and their unimportance in 1989. Given the parameters of his subject, this is in general a useful and thoughtful thesis. There are, however, some points of detail that I would like to address; and, particularly for those who are interested in Austrian history and notions of Central Europe (with a capital “C”), there are broader aspects to the question, outside the given parameters, that merit discussion. It is to these broader aspects, centering on what we mean by “central European diasporas” and indeed “central Europe,” that the following commentary is mainly devoted.
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Curta, Florin. "East central Europe." Early Medieval Europe 12, no. 3 (July 27, 2004): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-9462.2004.00133.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Insurgency – europe, central – history"

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Novo, Andrew R. "On all fronts : Cyprus and the EOKA insurgency, 1955-1959." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9fcd14f8-f60d-49b3-82b4-411e3370e890.

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'On All Fronts' is a thesis focused on the EOKA insurgency in Cyprus (1955-1959), which aimed at overturning British rule and unifying the island with Greece. EOKA’s campaign was one of several insurgencies carried out against Britain in the two decades following the Second World War. This allowed British policymakers and soldiers to apply lessons learned in other colonies on the island. These lessons included pursuing a political solution in tandem with military operations, unifying command and control, improving intelligence capabilities, and increasing the number of police and soldiers on the ground. Cyprus also presented distinctive challenges. The insurgency was not inspired by communism, like many other anti-colonial struggles, but by right-wing nationalism. The campaign was also intimately linked to the strategic reorganisation undertaken by Britain after 1945. Retreat from India and Palestine increased the importance of the Middle East and Africa, making a presence in Cyprus central to Britain’s post-war plans. Finally, Cypriot demographics meant that the island’s Turkish minority (some eighteen percent) – supported by Ankara – opposed union with Greece. An ethnic-based civil war on the island was possible, as was a regional war between Greece and Turkey. British policy sought to avoid both of these potential conflicts while maintaining the strength of NATO and positive relations with both Athens and Ankara. Utilizing newly declassified papers from the British government, in conjunction with evidence from Greek-Cypriot sources, this study offers insights into the campaign from the perspective of both insurgent and counter-insurgent forces. Parallel to the military analysis, the thesis addresses the political aspect of the insurgency, demonstrating the deep connection in insurgency war between military operations and diplomatic negotiation. While counter-insurgency operations failed to destroy EOKA, the success of government forces created pressure for a diplomatic solution and highlighted the reality that there were insurmountable military and strategic obstacles to union with Greece.
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Rodda, Ruth. "The 1989 revolutions in East-Central Europe : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/372.

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There is a substantial amount of existing literature that focuses on the revolutionary events of 1989 in East-Central Europe. Yet, there are few comparisons which apply a comparative-historical approach to a small set of cases. A large body of existing literature provides the ideal situation for a comparative-historical study. This thesis will test the utility of applying a comparative-historical methodological approach to the events of 1989 in four countries in East-Central Europe. The four countries are paired into two cases. The case of Poland and Hungary is compared with the case of Bulgaria and Romania. A theoretical frame of reference is developed from previous comparative-historical studies of revolutionary events, criticisms of them, and the general theoretical debates which they generate. This frame of reference incorporates a broad range of variables, and is used to inform the application of the method. Differences (and similarities) between the cases are then investigated, and the utility of the method assessed. Additionally, the application of the method allows some current theoretical and conceptual debates concerning the East- Central European events to be confronted. Part 1 of the thesis applies a comparative-historical method of analysis to the cases up to, and including some aspects of the 1989 events. In Part 2, patterns of difference between the cases are identified in terms of revolutionary forms and outcomes. Following the logic of the method common factors are identified as potential contributing factors to the collapse of communism, while patterns of difference suggest that the political, economic and social 'nature' of the communist systems had an impact on the forms of change and their outcomes. It is recognised that the comparative-historical approach utilised in this thesis has limitations. However, the method is shown to be useful for identifying common factors across cases, and significant variations between cases, which can generate potential explanation, and provide better understanding of such revolutionary phenomena as that which occurred in East-Central Europe in 1989.
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Niebrzydowski, Paul. "Reining in the Four Horsemen: American Relief to Eastern Central Europe, 1915-1923." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531955257780496.

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Bogaard, Amy. "The permanence, intensity and seasonality of early crop cultivation in Western-Central Europe." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6003/.

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The aim of this project is to assess competing models of neolithic-bronze age crop husbandry (shifting cultivation, extensive ard cultivation, floodplain cultivation, intensive garden cultivation) in the loess belt of western-central Europe and the Alpine Foreland by analysing archaeobotanical weed assemblages. Modern weed survey studies relating to three key variables (permanence, intensity, seasonality) distinguishing these models are used as ‘controls' to which the archaeobotanical weed data are compared on the basis of their weed ecological characteristics. Data on the ecology of the archaeobotanically attested weed taxa are assembled by measuring the 'functional attributes' (ecologically meaningful morphological and behavioural traits) of robust present-day specimens. This method was previously used to analyse the modern weed survey studies of traditional crop husbandry regimes, with the result that weed species characterising different regimes could be distinguished on the basis of their functional attributes. Archaeobotanical samples most likely to contain crop and weed material from the same arable source are identified by considering the influence of various taphonomic factors on sample composition. Of the thousands of archaeobotanical samples available from the study area, 130 samples, mostly neolithic (especially early neolithic) in date, are selected as offering the best evidence of crop growing conditions. Direct comparison of the modern and archaeobotanical weed data indicate that cereals (mostly glume wheats) were grown in fixed plots sown in the autumn and managed using intensive methods (e. g. careful tillage and weeding, manuring or middening). While the shifting, extensive ard and floodplain cultivation models can be excluded based on these results, intensive garden cultivation emerges as the most plausible model of crop husbandry, with a series of implications for the mobility, productivity and long-term sustainability of early crop cultivation in western-central Europe. Exploration of internal variation in weed composition among archaeobotanical samples reveals ecological trends and hence differences in crop husbandry practices between archaeological sites as well as within the best-represented site, LBK Vaihingen. Inter-site differences appear to reflect the existence of regional crop husbandry traditions, while intra-site variability in cultivation intensity at Vaihingen may relate to the unusually high degree of nucleation at this enclosed LBK site.
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Heidenhain, Brigitte. "Juden in Wriezen : ihr Leben in der Stadt von 1677 bis 1940 und ihr Friedhof." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1519/.

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Pri ha-Pardes (Früchte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Zentrum für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes möchte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im ersten Band dieser Reihe zeichnet Brigitte Heidenhain die Geschichte der Juden in Wriezen nach, welche 1677 einsetzte und 1940 mit ihrer Vertreibung und Ermordung endete. Zahlreiche, zumeist bislang unbeachtete Quellen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts aus brandenburgischen und Berliner Archiven lassen die Auswirkungen der preußischen Judenpolitik im Leben des Einzelnen und der Gemeinde lebendig vor uns erstehen. Im 18. Jahrhundert war die Existenz der Wriezener Juden vom Kampf um die Aufenthaltserlaubnis und gegen drohende Verarmung geprägt. Die im 19. Jahrhundert neu gewonnene Niederlassungsfreiheit brachte eine Vergrößerung der jüdischen Gemeinde mit sich und gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts eine leichte Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Lage. Über das schnelle und vollständige Ende jüdischen Lebens in Wriezen nach 1938 gibt es kaum schriftliche Informationen. Die wichtigste Quelle ist die Datenbank der Gedächtnisstätte JadwaSchem in Jerusalem. In ihr wird die Erinnerung an 56 namentlich bekannte ermordete Wriezener Juden aufbewahrt. Der Band wird mit der Beschreibung des seit 1730 existierenden jüdischen Friedhofes und der Erfassung der hebräischen Grabinschriften abgeschlossen.
The history of jews in Wriezen begins in 1677, shortly after Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm allowed jews to settle in Brandenburg again through his edict of 1671. However, during the whole of the 18th century Prussian policy toward jews was extremely restrictive . The results of this policy are clearly visible in the life of the jews of Wriezen: they always remained a small congregation since this was the will of the king for small towns. Life was dominated by the struggle for the right of residence. Status as "Schutzjude" (i.e. "Protected Jew") was restricted to few individuals, leading to the separation of families as younger siblings were forced to leave. State regulated economic policy strongly restricted the freedom of trade, the main source of income for the jews, leading to the impoverishment of most jewish families in Wriezen. In the 18th century, there was no organized congregational activity. This only developed in the course of the 19th century. The jews of Wriezen built their first synagogue in 1820, replacing it with a new and larger one in 1886. The emancipation edict of 1812 improved the general situation of individuals and the new freedom of movement led to an influx of jews to Wriezen. But full legal equality with other citizens was not achieved until the German Empire was founded in 1871. In the first half of the 19th century, the economic situation of the jews of Wriezen was still quite modest, only improving toward the end of the century. There were numerous fluctuations in the membership of the jewish community in the last decades of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. But the number of jewish inhabitants of Wriezen remained relatively constant at 100 -120 individuals. There is hardly any written information on the sudden and complete end of jewish life in Wriezen after 1938. At least 59 jewish citizens of Wriezen were deported and murdered between 1940 and 1945. The victims are commemorated in the public database of the Yad-VaShem Memorial in Jerusalem. There has been a jewish cemetery in Wriezen since 1730, in which 131 gravestones still survive today. The oldest dates back to 1773, the last is from 1940.
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Kühn, Christoph. "Jüdische Delinquenten in der Frühen Neuzeit : Lebensumstände delinquenter Juden in Aschkenas und die Reaktionen der jüdischen Gemeinden sowie der christlichen Obrigkeit." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1756/.

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Pri ha-Pardes (Früchte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Institut für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes möchte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im dritten Band der Reihe Pri ha-Pardes beleuchtet Christoph Kühn das Leben jüdischer Delinquenten im frühneuzeitlichen Deutschland. Jüdische Delinquenten lebten – in unterschiedlichem Maße – am Rande sowohl der christlichen als auch der jüdischen Gesellschaft. Diese doppelte Marginalisierung wird in dem vorliegenden Band untersucht. Die Frühe Neuzeit ist eine Epoche, in der sich das jüdische Leben meist außerhalb urbaner Zentren abspielte, die Epoche des Landjudentums. Ein Resultat ökonomischer und sozialer Restriktionen waren umherziehende Gruppen von Betteljuden, aus denen sich wiederum Teile der jüdischen Delinquenten rekrutierten. Jüdische Sozialeinrichtungen waren für die oft überregional agierenden delinquenten Juden eine lebensnotwenige Infrastruktur. Jedoch nicht alle Delinquenten gehörten zu den Nichtsesshaften. Die Verbundenheit zur jüdischen Gemeinschaft blieb meist bestehen, auch wenn das „Gaunerleben“ nicht immer von großer Frömmigkeit geprägt war. Für jüdische Gemeinden war es nicht einfach, zwischen ehrbaren und delinquenten Juden zu unterscheiden. Im Falle einer Missetat reichten die Reaktionen von öffentlicher Rüge bis zum großen Bann. Seitens der christlichen Obrigkeit wurden gegen Juden keine spezifischen Strafen verhängt, obgleich negative Vorstellungen von einer „typisch jüdischen“ Delinquenz virulent waren.
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Grözinger, Elvira. "Ein Dreiecksverhältnis in Geschichte und Gegenwart : Polen, Deutsche, Juden." Universität Potsdam, 1991. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1845/.

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Aus dem Inhalt: Ende der siebziger Jahre kam aus Krakau eine sensationelle Nachricht: Der lange verlorengeglaubte Nachlaß von August Varnhagen von Ense, in dem sich auch die Briefe seiner Frau Rahel, geborene Levin, befinden, wurde in der Jagiellonen-Bibliothek wiedergefunden. Dadurch ergab sich für alle Interessierten - Germanisten, Judaisten, Historiker - erneut die Möglichkeit, in authentische Zeugnisse der deutsch-jüdischen Kultur des 19. Jahrhunderts Einblick zu nehmen. Sowohl die Varnhagen-Forschung als auch das damit zusammenhängende Interesse an den jüdischen Frauen der deutschen Romantik hat dadurch neue Impulse erhalten. Dies ist ein erfreuliches Beispiel fruchtbarer kultureller Wechselbeziehungen im Dreieck zwischen Deutschen, Polen und Juden. Aber es gibt auch anderes: Wenn man heute durch Polen fährt, kann man auf den Mauern die in deutscher Sprache (!) gepinselten Parolen »Juden raus!« lesen. Damit wären wir in medias res, denn die Geschichte der drei so eng miteinander verbundenen Völker ist gekennzeichnet durch wechselvolle, meist konfliktreiche Koexistenz, die aber trotzdem für alle Beteiligten kulturell sehr bereichernd sein kann.
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Grözinger, Elvira. "Die Jüdischen Salons in Berlin." Universität Potsdam, 1995. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1847/.

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Aus dem Inhalt: Die Jahre 1780-1806 gelten als die Epoche der ersten, nunmehr weltbekannten jüdischen Salons von Berlin. Während die amerikanische Forscherin Deborah Hertz insgesamt neun jüdische Salons aufzählt, werden üblicherweise als die drei wichtigsten die folgenden genannt: die der Henriette Herz, Rahel Varnhagen und Dorothea Schlegel. Diese drei Frauen haben - als Frauen und Jüdinnen - die doppelte Leistung des Ausbruchs aus ihrer gesellschaftlichen Stellung vollbracht, der später Emanzipation genannt wurde, zugleich haben sie durch Taufe die Emanzipation überschritten und dadurch die - zumindest äußere - Assimilation vollzogen. Unter Historikern gab es über sie geteilte Meinungen: Den jüdischen waren sie zu wenig, den nicht-jüdischen zu sehr jüdisch gewesen. Wer sich aber mit der deutsch-jüdischen Geschichte der Aufklärung und der Romantik befaßt, kann an ihren kurzen Schöpfungen, den kulturprägenden Salons, kaum vorbei.
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Berndorff, Lothar. "Die Prediger der Grafschaft Mansfeld : eine Untersuchung zum geistlichen Sonderbewusstsein in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/3389/.

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Am 22. Oktober 1565 beauftragte der Herzog Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel seinen Prediger Martin Chemnitz, das literarische Oeuvre des Magisters Cyriacus Spangenberg auf dem Buchmarkt ausfindig zu machen, prunkvoll binden zu lassen und in den herzöglichen Bibliotheksbestand aufzunehmen. 64 Werke mit gut 6000 Seiten hatte der Mansfelder Generaldekan Spangenberg zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits verfasst, seine Amtskollegen in der sächsischen Grafschaft hatten ihrerseits 64 Bücher veröffentlicht. Bis zum Abgang Spangenbergs aus Mansfeld 1574 verdoppelte sich die Anzahl geistlicher Veröffentlichungen Mansfelder Provenienz. Obwohl zu Lebzeiten breit rezipiert, hat die Publizistik der geistlichen "Druckmetropole" Mansfeld in der Geschichte und Kirchengeschichte wenig Beachtung gefunden. Die vorliegende Dissertation will diese Forschungslücke schließen. Die Mansfelder Prediger verfassten Lehrpredigten, Festpredigten, Trostpredigten, Katechismen, theologische Disputationen, historische Abhandlungen und geistliche Spiele in hoher Zahl und publizierten diese unter geschickter Ausnutzung der Mechanismen der frühneuzeitlichen Buchmarktes reichsweit. Ihre Veröffentlichungen richteten sich an Theologen, "Weltkinder" und "Einfältige". Sie generierten Verbindungen zu den Kirchen und Potentaten Nord- und Süddeutschlands, Frankreichs und der Niederlande und führten zu Kontroversen mit den großen Bildungszentren Mitteldeutschlands Wittenberg, Leipzig und Jena und deren Landesherren. Die Frage nach der Motivation für das Engagement der Mansfelder Prediger auf dem Buchmarkt steht im Zentrum der Untersuchung, die in einem synoptischen Verfahren den Wunsch nach Teilhaberschaft an der Ausbildung der kirchlichen, herrschaftlichen, sozialen und kommunikativen Strukturen als zentrales Motiv der schreibenden Theologen herausarbeitet, aber auch die Absicht der Autoren beweist, der Grafschaft Mansfeld über das Medium Buch als lutherischem Bildungszentrum in Europa Geltung zu verschaffen.
On October 22nd, 1565 Count Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel ordered the preacher Martin Chemnitz to locate the literary works of Magister Cyracus Spangenberg on the market, to have them bound luxuriously and to integrate them into the Countship's library. At this point in time, Spangenberg, superior Decan of Mansfield, had produced 64 books spanning approx. 6000 pages. His colleagues in the County of Saxony had also published 64 books. By the time Spangenberg left Mansfield in 1574, the number of publications with clerical contents stemming from Mansfeld had doubled. Although this opus was widely read during Spangenberg's lifetime, the products of the clerical „print metropolis“ Mansfeld have been later all but ignored in the contexts of both general history and church history. My dissertation aims to close this gap. The preachers of Mansfeld produced large amounts of sermons used for instructional purposes, for celebrations and for condolence as well as catechisms, theological disputations, historical essays and spiritual plays. They published their products in the entire “Reich” (the “Holy German Empire”), using the mechanisms of the book market of their times to their advantage. Their clients were theologians, “Weltkinder” (“children of the world”) and “Einfältige” (“simple persons”), and they established links to the churches and the powers of both northern and southern Germany, of France and of the Netherlands. This led to conflicts with the important centers of education in Central Germany – Wittenberg, Leipzig and Jena – and the potentates of the respective regions. The focal point of this dissertation is the question why the preachers of Mansfeld were so keen on participating in the book market of their time. Using synoptic methods, this dissertation ascertains that the wish to partake in the formulation of the clerical, feudal, social and medial structures of their time was a key motif for the work of those writing theologians, along with to the desire of establishing the County of Mansfeld as a European center of Lutheran education using the book.
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Heidenhain, Brigitte. "Juden in Schwedt : ihr Leben in der Stadt von 1672 bis 1942 und ihr Friedhof." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4158/.

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270 Jahre lang gab es jüdisches Leben in der brandenburgischen Stadt Schwedt an der Oder. Der Leser dieses Bandes nimmt teil an der wechselvollen Geschichte der jüdischen Menschen und ihrer Gemeinde. Der erste Jude, der sich im 17. Jahrhundert in Schwedt niederließ, war Bendix Levi. Nachdem sein Haus in Oderberg abgebrannt war, erhielt er von Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm die Genehmigung zum Aufenthalt in Schwedt. Die preußischen Könige wünschten jedoch, daß in den kleinen brandenburgischen Städten nur wenige Juden leben sollten. Deshalb bestand während des 18. Jahrhunderts die jüdische Gemeinschaft in Schwedt nur aus Angehörigen von drei Familien, nämlich von Bendix Levi, Simon Salomon und Wulff Salomon. Ihr Leben war geprägt vom Kampf um Aufenthaltsrecht und Handelserlaubnis. Solidarität untereinander war dabei nicht immer selbstverständlich, da oft das Aufenthaltsrecht des einen, wirklich oder vermeintlich, dem Recht des anderen entgegenstand. Das umfangreiche Quellenmaterial aus Berliner, brandenburgischen und Jerusalemer Archiven führt uns die Auswirkungen der restriktiven preußischen Judenpolitik auf das Leben der Schwedter Juden lebendig vor Augen und gibt uns außerdem Einblicke in jüdische Traditionen und Gebräuche. So werden wir Zeugen einer jüdischen Eidesleistung im Schwedter Rathaus und nehmen teil an der feierlichen Unterzeichnung eines Heiratsvertrages. Das Emanzipationsedikt von 1812 machte Juden endlich zu preußischen Staatsbürgern und erleichterte das Leben durch Niederlassungs- und Gewerbefreiheit. Dies führte bald zu einer beträchtlichen Vergrößerung der Schwedter jüdischen Gemeinde, der sich auch die jüdischen Einwohner des nahe gelegenen Städtchens Vierraden anschlossen. Als erster ließ sich Israel David Loewenheim aus Tütz / Westpreußen in Schwedt nieder. Ihm folgten aus seiner Heimatstadt nicht weniger als sieben weitere Familien. Zuzüge gab es auch aus anderen Städten, sodass bis zum späten 19. Jahrhundert die Zahl der jüdischen Einwohner Schwedts bis auf ca. 200 Personen zunahm. Ab ca. 1880 führten dann jedoch zahlreiche Wegzüge – besonders nach Berlin – wieder zu einer Verkleinerung der Gemeinde. Seit 1840 war Schwedt Amtssitz eines Rabbiners. Nathan Hirsch Kuttner blieb bis zu seiner Pensionierung im Jahr 1895 in Schwedt. Dieses lange Zusammenleben lässt ein harmonisches Verhältnis zwischen ihm und der Gemeinde vermuten. Dies war aber in den ersten Jahren durchaus nicht der Fall. Kuttner musste einige Jahre um Anerkennung in der Gemeinde kämpfen und sogar die Zahlung seines Gehalts gerichtlich durchsetzen. Der Bau einer neuen Synagoge im Jahr 1862 gab der Gemeinde neues Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl und brachte Ruhe in die Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Rabbiner. Unter dem Eindruck des zunehmenden Antisemitismus im ausgehenden 19. und im 20. Jahrhundert schloss sich die Gemeinde Vereinen und Organisationen an, die sich den antisemitischen Angriffen entgegenzustellen versuchten, so 1894 dem „Deutsch-Israelitischen Gemeindebund“ und 1901 dem „Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus“. Im Jahr 1922 gründete man die „Reuchlin Loge“ im Verband „Unabhängiger Orden Bne-Beriss“. Bald folgte das schnelle und vollständige Ende der jüdischen Gemeinde in Schwedt durch den nationalsozialistischen Massenmord. In der Datenbank der Gedenkstätte Yad Vashem in Jerusalem wird die Erinnerung an 60 namentlich bekannte ermordete Schwedter Juden aufbewahrt. Nachfahren von Überlebenden hat es in alle Erdteile verschlagen. Intensive genealogische Forschungen in Zusammenarbeit mit Peter Lowe aus Hertford (UK), einem Nachkommen der Familie Loewenheim, und Yehuda Meinhardt (Israel) machten es möglich eine Reihe von Familienstammbäumen zu rekonstruieren. Der Band wird mit der Beschreibung des jüdischen Friedhofs und der Erfassung der Grabinschriften abgeschlossen. Eine ausführliche Dokumentation mit Fotografien findet sich im Internet (www.uni-potsdam.de/juedische-friedhoefe).
For 270 years there was Jewish life in the Brandenburg town of Schwedt on the Oder. The reader of this volume participates in the changing history of the Jewish people and their community. The first Jew to settle in Schwedt in the 17th century was Bendix Levi. After his house in Oderberg burned down, Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm granted him permission to take up residence in Schwedt. The Prussian Kings wanted only few Jews to live in small Brandenburg towns, so during the 18th century the Jewish community in Schwedt consisted of only three families whose heads were Bendix Levi, Simon Salomon and Wulff Salomon. Their life was dominated by the fight for residency and trade permits. Solidarity amongst each other was not always self evident, since the residency permit of one was often in real or imagined conflict with a permit for others. The extensive sources in archives in Berlin, Brandenburg and Jerusalem show intensely the consequences of the restrictive Prussian “Judenpolitik” on the life of Jews in Schwedt and they also give us insight into Jewish traditions and customs. We bear witness to a Jewish oath in the townhouse of Schwedt and take part in the ceremonial signing of a marriage treaty. The “Emanzipationsedikt” of 1812 finally made Jews into Prussian citizens and simplified their life by giving them freedom of settlement and trade. This resulted in considerable growth of the Jewish community in Schwedt which was also joined by the Jewish residents of the nearby town of Vierraden. The first of these new settlers in Schwedt was David Loewenheim from Tütz / Westprussia. No less than seven families from his hometown followed. There was also immigration from other towns, increasing the number of Jewish residents in Schwedt to 200 by the late 19th century. After about 1880 the community shrank again because many moved away, particularly to Berlin. Since 1840 Schwedt was the seat of a Rabbi. Nathan Hirsch Kuttner stayed in Schwedt until his retirement in 1895. Although this long sojourn might indicate an agreeable relationship between him and his community, this was certainly not the case in his first years. Kuttner had to fight for recognition by his community and even had to obtain a court order to collect his salary. The building of a new Synagogue in 1862 gave a new sense of cooperation to the community and calmed the struggles with the Rabbi. Under the impression of increasing anti-Semitism from the late 19th into the 20th century, the community joined organizations which attempted to resist anti-Semitic attacks. For example, in 1894 it joined the “Deutsch- Israelitische Gemeindebund” and in 1901 the “Verein zur Abwehr des Antisemitismus”. In 1922 the “Reuchlin Loge”, was formed within the “Independent Order of Bnai Brith”. Soon followed the fast and complete anihilation of the Jewish community in Schwedt by the national socialist mass murder. The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names at Yad Vashem / Jerusalem preserves the memory of 71 murdered Jews of Schwedt who are known by name. Descendants of survivors are scattered to all parts of the world. Intensive genealogical research in cooperation with Peter Lowe from Hertford (UK), descendant of the Loewenheim family, and Yehuda Meinhardt (Israel), made it possible to reconstruct a number of family trees. The volume ends with a description of the Jewish cemetery and a record of the grave inscriptions. An entire documentation with photographs can be found in the Internet (www.uni-potsdam.de/juedische-friedhoefe).
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Books on the topic "Insurgency – europe, central – history"

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Bedessem, Edward N. Central Europe. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Army Center of Military History, 1996.

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Austin, Robert C. A History of Central Europe. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84543-8.

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Central and Eastern Europe. Phoenix, Ariz: Oryx Press, 1995.

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Johnson, Lonnie. Central Europe: Enemies, neighbors, friends. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Thompson, Wayne C. Nordic, Central, & Southeastern Europe 2013. Lanham, MD: Stryker-Post Publications, 2013.

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Urbańczyk, Przemysław, ed. Origins of Central Europe. Warsaw: Scientific Society of Polish Archaeologists, 1997.

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The Romans in Central Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

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Schutz, Herbert. The Romans in Central Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

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Mehler, Natascha. Historical archaeology in Central Europe. Edited by Society for Historical Archaeology. Rockville, MD: Society for Historical Archaeology, 2013.

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Hagen, Schulze, ed. Nation-building in Central Europe. Leamington Spa, UK: Berg, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Insurgency – europe, central – history"

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Pritchard, Gareth. "East-Central Europe." In The Routledge History of the Second World War, 671–86. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429455353-54.

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Decker, Hannah S. "Psychoanalysis in Central Europe." In History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, 587–628. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34708-0_20.

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Foldvari, Peter. "Central and Eastern Europe." In An Economist’s Guide to Economic History, 277–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96568-0_32.

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Neumayer, Laure. "Euroscepticism in Central Europe." In Central European History and the European Union, 159–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230579538_11.

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Berend, Ivan T. "Central Europe and the Baltics." In Economic History of a Divided Europe, 176–211. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in the European economy: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020318-7.

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Austin, Robert C. "Communists in Power, 1948–1988." In A History of Central Europe, 101–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84543-8_5.

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Austin, Robert C. "The Interwar Failures, 1918–1939." In A History of Central Europe, 27–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84543-8_2.

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Austin, Robert C. "A New Central Europe or Past as Prologue?" In A History of Central Europe, 147–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84543-8_7.

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Austin, Robert C. "The Second World War in Central Europe." In A History of Central Europe, 45–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84543-8_3.

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Austin, Robert C. "Making Most of Central Europe Communist." In A History of Central Europe, 75–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84543-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Insurgency – europe, central – history"

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Citiriga, Daniel. "THE FEDERALIST PROJECTS TYPOLOGY IN CENTRAL EUROPE AT THE END OF THE WWI." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.079.

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Moradi, B., K. K. Ask, and L. Alessio. "Hybrid Workflows- A History of Tomorrow." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215492-ms.

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Abstract This study provides an overview of the evolution of technology in the reservoir modeling field, discussing past, present, and future advancements. It explores how technologies such as central and graphics processing units have enabled engineers to increase the number of simulation grids from 500,000 to 1 trillion cells over the last 20 years. The paper also examines data-driven workflows that have accelerated the reservoir modeling process to a few weeks, highlighting their limitations. To address these limitations, the study introduces hybrid physics-guided data-driven models as a modern digital tool for mapping potential remaining oil in brownfields. These hybrid workflows combine the strengths of both physics-guided and data-driven models, overcoming the weaknesses of each approach. Two case studies, located in the North Sea and the Middle East, are reviewed to demonstrate the effectiveness of these hybrid workflows. The comparison of the water saturation map generated by the hybrid workflow with the contact movement calculated from 4D seismic data in the North Sea field shows a strong correlation, indicating a reliable match between the two maps. In the Middle East case study, the performance of four infill wells calculated by the hybrid workflow is evaluated against the actual outcomes of post-drilling activities. The results show that, except for one of wells, the actual outcomes align with the predicted trends, falling within the P10-P90 band. The paper emphasizes the novelty and benefits of using hybrid workflows, as they enable the generation of potential remaining oil maps in a few days—a task that is challenging with conventional numerical simulation workflows. These hybrid workflows offer significant time and cost savings while maintaining high fidelity. The advanced technologies discussed in this study facilitate the implementation of practical digitalization strategies across all disciplines in the industry, ushering in a new era of data-driven innovation.
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Mielczarek, Mariusz. "Poles in the archaeology of Central asia. History and present day." In Antiquities of East Europe, South Asia and South Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-34-2-127.

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CONSTANTINESCU, Dan, and Beatrice CARLAN-SERBAN. "A HISTORY OF THE IRON AND STEEL IN CENTRAL EUROPE BETWEEN THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND MIDDLE AGE." In METAL 2022. TANGER Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2022.4444.

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Saprikina, Olga. "Women on the Habsburg Throne: Historiographical and Artistic Images of the Austrian Rulers." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.28.

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Kamenskaya, Ekaterina. "The Woman's Face of European Politics (Based on Russian Women's Magazines of the Early 20th Century)." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.10.

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Baidalova, Ekaterina. "The "New" Woman in the Novels of V.K. Vinnichenko in the 1910s: the Transformation of Gender Identity." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.03.

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Kulishkina, Olga. "“Venus in Furs” by L. von Sacher-Masoch: Towards the Iconography of the Domina." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.16.

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Shalaeva, Tatiana. "Slavic Feminitive Suffixes in Linguo-Geographic Representation." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.34.

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Kuznetsova, Anna. "Pride or Prejudice? The Queens of Hungary During the Period of Christianization (X-XI Centuries)." In Woman in the heart of Europe: non-obvious aspects of gender in the history and culture of Central Europe and adjacent regions. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0475-6.15.

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Reports on the topic "Insurgency – europe, central – history"

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Cvrcek, Tomas, and Miroslav Zajicek. School, what is it good for? Useful Human Capital and the History of Public Education in Central Europe. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19690.

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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea processionea (L.). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228704.

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The oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea>) is native to Central and Southern Europe and has been spreading to Northern Europe, including Southern England since 2006. The larvae feed on various oak species (Quercus spp.), contributing to oak decline and causing significant health issues for humans and pets due to their urticating hairs. There is no history of classical biological control for this pest, but several promising natural enemies exist. The most promising natural enemies include the larval parasitoids Carcelia iliaca and Pales processioneae, which are specific to Thaumetopoea spp. and have been dominant in Germany and the Netherlands, with C. iliaca also found in invasive UK populations. The egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus masii is noted in Italy but seems less significant than other polyphagous species, such as Anastatus bifasciatus and Trichogramma spp. Pimpla processioneae and other Pimpla species are frequently found parasitizing pupae, with P. processioneae being the most specific. Other natural enemies such as A. bifasciatus, the larval parasitoid Meteorus versicolor, and various tachinid parasitoids are abundant but too polyphagous for classical biological control programs.
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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.

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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.
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