Journal articles on the topic 'Insular French'
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1
Engel, Pascal. "Continental Insularity: Contemporary French Analytical Philosophy." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 21 (March 1987): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100003441.
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People outside France have always wondered why analytical philosophy has had so little influence in this country, while it has gained currency in many other European countries, such as Germany and Italy, not to speak of Northern Europe, where the analytical tradition is strongly established. This can be explained only by a particular conjunction of historical, cultural, sociological and maybe economical factors, which it would be too long to detail here. If there are natural characters of nations, there is no reason to believe that there are no philosophical characters of nations. As Hume said, the characters of nations can have physical as well as moral causes. As for the physical causes, everybody in Britain knows how insular the Continent can be. So if there is such a thing as French analytical philosophy, nobody will be surprised to learn that it is very insular. Before presenting some of the work done by French philosophers related to the analytical tradition, let me try to give what I take to be some of the moral causes of their insularity.
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Engel, Pascal. "Continental Insularity: Contemporary French Analytical Philosophy." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 21 (March 1987): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00003448.
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People outside France have always wondered why analytical philosophy has had so little influence in this country, while it has gained currency in many other European countries, such as Germany and Italy, not to speak of Northern Europe, where the analytical tradition is strongly established. This can be explained only by a particular conjunction of historical, cultural, sociological and maybe economical factors, which it would be too long to detail here. If there are natural characters of nations, there is no reason to believe that there are no philosophical characters of nations. As Hume said, the characters of nations can have physical as well as moral causes. As for the physical causes, everybody in Britain knows how insular the Continent can be. So if there is such a thing as French analytical philosophy, nobody will be surprised to learn that it is very insular. Before presenting some of the work done by French philosophers related to the analytical tradition, let me try to give what I take to be some of the moral causes of their insularity.
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Passos, Gustavo A. R., Carlos E. S. Silvado, and Luis Alencar B. Borba. "Drug resistant epilepsy of the insular lobe: A review and update article." Surgical Neurology International 13 (May 13, 2022): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_58_2022.
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Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disease that affects millions of people around the world generating great expenses and psychosocial problems burdening the public health in different ways. A considerable number of patients are refractory to the drug treatment requiring a more detailed and specialized investigation to establish the most appropriate therapeutic option. Insular epilepsy is a rare form of focal epilepsy commonly drug resistant and has much of its investigation and treatment involved with the surgical management at some point. The insula or the insular lobe is a portion of the cerebral cortex located in the depth of the lateral sulcus of the brain; its triangular in shape and connects with the other adjacent lobes. The insular lobe is a very interesting and complex portion of the brain related with different functions. Insula in Latin means Island and was initially described in the 18th century but its relation with epilepsy was first reported in the 1940–1950s. Insular lobe epilepsy is generally difficult to identify and confirm due to its depth and interconnections. Initial non-invasive studies generally demonstrate frustrating or incoherent information about the origin of the ictal event. Technological evolution made this pathology to be progressively better recognized and understood enabling professionals to perform the correct diagnosis and choose the ideal treatment for the affected population. Methods: A literature review was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The terms epilepsy/epileptic seizure of the insula and surgical treatment was used in various combinations. We included studies that were published in English, French, or Portuguese; performed in humans with insular epilepsy who underwent some surgical treatment (microsurgery, laser ablation, or radiofrequency thermocoagulation). Results: Initial search results in 1267 articles. After removing the duplicates 710 remaining articles were analyzed for titles and abstracts applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 70 studies met all inclusion criteria and were selected. Conclusion: At present, the main interests and efforts are in the attempt to achieve and standardize the adequate management of the patient with refractory epilepsy of the insular lobe and for that purpose several forms of investigation and treatment were developed. In this paper, we will discuss the characteristics and information regarding the pathology and gather data to identify and choose the best therapeutic option for each case.
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Crunelle-Vanrigh, Anny. "‘Fause Frenche Enough’." English Text Construction 6, no. 1 (April 5, 2013): 60–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.6.1.04cru.
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The English language lesson scene in Shakespeare’s Henry V has attracted more critical attention for its sexual innuendoes than for its political significance even though King Henry was historically instrumental in the demise of French in medieval England. Closely modeled on early modern primers, the language lesson is a stage metaphor of the king’s language policy, and settles old ideological scores by canceling the effects of the Norman Conquest. Traces of insular French in Kate’s morphosyntactic idiosyncrasies serve the political agenda of a play chronicling the process that took the French tongue from authority to disempowerment. Keywords: Shakespeare; Henry V; language primers; French; Anglo-French
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Hunt, Tony. "Haymarus's Relatio Tripartita in Anglo-Norman." Medieval Encounters 4, no. 2 (1998): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006798x00061.
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AbstractIdentifies two new Anglo-Norman MSS of a vernacular French translation of Haymarus Monachus, Relatio tripartita ad Innocentium III de viribus Agarenorum, investigates the relationship between five insular MSS, and prints the text from MS Oxford, Bodleian Library, Douce 137.
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Burrows, Daron. "“Ele boute son doi en son con…”." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 27 (December 31, 2015): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.27.02bur.
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Across the Middle Ages, Continental French texts satirised the French spoken by Englishmen, with particular comic value attached to their alleged tendency unwittingly to use foutre and other obscene terms. Since the Anglophones’ jargon relies on grotesque parody of attested morpho-syntactical and phonological features of Insular French, this article assesses whether there may also be a lexical kernel of truth underlying the satire by exploring the frequency and context of occurrence of specific items of sexual vocabulary in Anglo-Norman texts, including fabliaux, comic monologues and dialogues, courtly narratives, manières de langage, word-lists and glosses, legal records, and medical writing.
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Ingham, Richard P. "Grammar change in Anglo-Norman and Continental French." Diachronica 28, no. 4 (December 14, 2011): 441–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.4.01ing.
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Later Anglo-Norman is conventionally portrayed as moribund, isolated from the mainstream of French, and extensively calqued on English. This study demonstrates that in the evolution of indefinite pronouns and modifiers it followed medieval French syntax, allowing the indefinite aucun (“some”) to replace the polarity indefinite nul first in non-assertive and then in negative clauses. Administrative prose documents from England and Northern France attest these developments between 1250–1425, with a slight lag in the insular context consistent with a wave model of the spread of change. The direction of change, in which a positive indefinite spread to other contexts, was unrelated to the patterns of indefinite expressions in Middle English, supporting the view that later Anglo-Norman was largely grammatically independent, not a learner variety heavily influenced by an English substrate.
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Roberts, Tim. "The Role of French Algeria in American Incorporation of the Philippines and Puerto Rico." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 48, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2022.480306.
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This article argues that France’s conquest and subsequent legal treatment of Algeria as an integral part of France, though without French citizenship for Algerians, served as a transnational precedent for US incorporation of former Spanish colonies in the early twentieth century. While the United States also drew lessons from British colonial policy, as scholarship has shown, France’s republican empire offered particular tools, which scholars have not studied, for US courts to designate Filipinos and Puerto Ricans like French Algerians. In essence, French Algeria provided an example for US jurists to create an imperial category for new territorial peoples as neither US citizens nor foreign subjects but as “nationals.” The article draws principally on the so-called Insular Cases, US newspapers, and political documents. The article exposes transnational connections between the United States and France in constructing empires of white freedom, no less important than imagined Anglo-Saxonism at the time.
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Cuirassier, Cyrielle. "Audiovisual and cinematographic production in an insular context: Constraints and assets, the case of the Caribbean archipelago of Guadeloupe." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0014.
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Abstract In the French outermost regions, the rise of the cultural and creative industries as a lever for economic development has attracted growing interest in recent years. In Guadeloupe, a political will to support the film industry by setting up its own funding mechanism has been implemented, with 6 million euros invested between 2015 and 2020. Recent studies (2019-2021) have shown that the French outermost regions, which are far from the French decision-making center and have a narrow market, face structural challenges aggravated by a deficit of national public support for local independent production. The lack of financial support is accompanied by a lack of statistical data and a lack of visibility of the culture and identity of the French outermost regions in national channels. The latter play a decisive role in financing French audiovisual and cinematographic production by pre-purchasing works. In 2016, all the unions and associations of the audiovisual and cinematographic industry in the French outermost regions made a strong demand to the national level for the application of common law in the French outermost regions. In this chronicle of an announced “audiovisual and cinematographic content war”, what would be the assets of the independent production of French outermost regions? A review of recent studies allows us to present here the functioning of the public aid system for audiovisual and cinematographic in France. We then analyze two obstacles among others that limit access to national financing for local production in the French outermost regions. Finally, we present the case of Guadeloupe which, despite structural and financial constraints, has been able to attract large international productions through a strategy based on the local public authority.
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Machado, Théa M. M., Mohamed Chakir, and Jean Jacques Lauvergne. "Genetic distances and taxonomic trees between goats of Ceará State (Brazil) and goats of the Mediterranean region (Europe and Africa)." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 1 (March 2000): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000100022.
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Goats of an undefined breed (called UDB) from the State of Ceará, northeastern Brazil (N = 447), European Mediterranean goats (N = 3,847) and African Mediterranean goats (N = 325) were compared to establish genetic distances and taxonomic trees. Allelic frequencies in each population for presence or absence of the following traits were used: horns, reduced ears, long hair, wattles, beard, roan color, brown eumelanin and eumelanic standard pigmentation. The genetic distance, applying the method developed by Nei (1972), was: least between goats from different meso-regions of the State of Ceará (0.0008 to 0.0120); small between all UDB of Ceará and French goats of Rove and Haute Roya (0.0236 and 0.0459); greater between all UDB of Ceará and northern Spanish goats (0.1166), and greatest between all UDB of Ceará and northern African goats (Moroccan of Drâa, Rhâali and Zagora), Balkan goats (Sakhar from Bulgaria and Macedonia from Greece) and some insular Mediterranean populations (Corsica, Sicily and Sardinia), which ranged from 0.1237 to 0.2714. Brazilian UDB goats are more closely related to Continental and Western European populations than to North African, Balkan or Insular Mediterranean populations.
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Sawatzky, Matthew, and Moritz Albrecht. "Translating EU renewable energy policy for insular energy systems: Reunion Island's quest for energy autonomy." Fennia - International Journal of Geography 195, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.60312.
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Recognition of the negative impacts of climate change has led to agreement on the need to decarbonise energy systems through the employment of renewable energy. With many national and transnational policies in place, the options available to insular energy systems (IES) differ from those of interconnected areas due to fragility in their production and distribution networks. Based on the concepts of policy mobility and translation, this study examines the interplay of EU renewable energy policy and insular governance processes aimed at achieving energy autonomy through renewable energy development. Reunion Island, a French Overseas Department and Region, is used as a case study to examine local energy governance processes, aspects that shape regional translation of national and EU policy, and the potential effects that create structures and pathways of energy transition. The study shows that Reunion Island’s regional Energy Governance Committee has significant application potential as a governance tool in other IES and small islands within the EU, but that renewable energy development is restricted due to national policy measures and path dependent governance structural constraints.
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Ruggiero, Fabio. "Editare il Martinello di Sulpicio Severo." Augustinianum 61, no. 2 (2021): 499–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/agstm202161230.
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This article aims to explain and clarify the controversial textual issue over which manuscripts should be preferred in an edition of Sulpicius Severus’ Martinellus. In particular, Ruggiero examines the case of the Letters. Firstly, he shows that there is only one contaminated textual tradition, as proven by the numerous adiaphoristic variants. Secondly, he shows that the manuscripts from the French-German area are superior to those from the Italic peninsula and some insular areas, as they provide a much more elegant and correct text. This is consistent with our knowledge of Sulpicius Severus’ higher literary education. In publishing the Martinellus, it is therefore advisable to follow the variants of the French-German manuscripts, whereas the ones of the Italian manuscripts are to be taken into account only in the case of obvious errors. Consequently, Ruggiero maintains that the editions that predate Halm’s should be rated much more highly than they are.
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Gross, Bradley A., William J. Ares, Cynthia L. Kenmuir, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Tudor G. Jovin, and Brian T. Jankowitz. "5-French SOFIA: Safe Access and Support in the Anterior Cerebral Artery, Posterior Cerebral Artery, and Insular Middle Cerebral Artery." Interventional Neurology 7, no. 6 (2018): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000488253.
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Introduction: Distal access catheters are an infrequent focus of technical notes in neurointervention. The 5-French SOFIA’s unique design allows for compatibility with 6-French guide catheters, while its supple construction allows for remarkably distal access for a catheter with a 0.055-inch inner diameter. Methods: The authors reviewed a prospectively maintained endovascular database for cases utilizing the 5-French SOFIA from February 2017 through November 2017. Case type, SOFIA location, microcatheter used, and catheter-related complications were noted. Results: Over the evaluated period, the 5-French SOFIA was utilized in 33 cases, including 13 aneurysm treatments, 10 arteriovenous shunt embolizations, 5 stroke thrombectomies, and 5 other cases. Of 5 flow diversion cases, 1 was for a symptomatic cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm necessitating transradial access, another for a ruptured A3 aneurysm, and another for a middle cerebral artery (M2) aneurysm; 2 were more proximal aneurysms. Thrombectomies were for M2 (n = 3) or A2 (n = 2) occlusions. In all cases, the 5-French SOFIA reached its anticipated distal target without complication or the need to utilize a smaller/alternative catheter. Of these 33 cases, there were 10 cases of distal SOFIA target locations: 6 M2/M3, 3 anterior cerebral arteries (ACA), and 1 posterior cerebral artery (PCA). M2/M3 and PCA catheterization was achieved over 2.1-Fr microcatheters; ACA catheterization employed a 2.9-Fr microcatheter for pipeline embolization and a deployed stentriever in the setting of two thrombectomies. Conclusion: The 5-French SOFIA can be safely utilized for distal, superselective catheterization in the context of complex neurointervention, including aneurysm and arteriovenous shunt embolization and distal thrombectomy.
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Lane, Jeremy. "Gabriel Josipovici at 75." European Judaism 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2019.520109.
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This article, as a tribute to Gabriel Josipovici, describes his impact on the author over many decades, initially as his teacher and thesis supervisor, later as colleague and friend at the University of Sussex. This impact included broadening his knowledge of contemporary French literary critics and of writers engaged with criticism, and opening up European dimensions to otherwise insular English academic approaches to literature. A study of Josipovici’s novel Migrations (1977) shows how it manages to explore the many dimensions of the condition of migrancy, even though held here within the bounds of a novel that is tightly packed but opens into a whole world.
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Teekell, Anna. "No ‘Help to the Imagination’: Kate O'Brien and the Emergency." Irish University Review 48, no. 1 (May 2018): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2018.0332.
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Kate O'Brien's 1943 The Last of Summer has been read as the novelist's riposte to an insular island that stifled both her publishing (through censorship) and her imagination (through cultural conservatism). Set on the eve of the neutral ‘Emergency’, O'Brien's sixth novel actually depicts Ireland as a complex space of negotiation, simultaneously desirable and condemnable, that challenges, rather than stifles, the individual imagination. The Last of Summer is a love triangle and a battle of wits, pitching a stage actress, the French ingénue Angèle, against an accomplished domestic performer, her potential mother-in-law, Hannah Kernahan. In the end, it is Hannah who wields ‘neutrality’ – both Ireland's in the war and her pretended neutrality in family matters – as a form of coercive power.
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Brandes, Georg, and Lynn R. Wilkinson. "The 1872 Introduction to Hovedstr⊘mninger i det 19de Aarhundredes Litteratur (Main Currents of Nineteenth-Century Literature)." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 132, no. 3 (May 2017): 696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2017.132.3.696.
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From Comparative Literature to Cultural Renewal: Georg Brandes's 1872 Introduction to Main Currents of Nineteenth-Century Literature“The only literature that is alive today is one that provokes debate.” These words ring out in the first published version of a lecture Georg Brandes gave at the University of Copenhagen on 3 November 1871. The lecture was the introduction to a series that changed the course not only of his life but also of Scandinavian and European cultural history. Born in Copenhagen in 1842 to assimilated Jewish parents, Brandes had recently completed a dissertation on French aesthetics and literary criticism and hoped that his lecture series would allow him to replace Carsten Hauch as professor of aesthetics at the university. Brilliant and iconoclastic, the lectures also responded to the Danish defeat in the 1864 war with Prussia, portraying Danish literature and culture as morbidly inward and insular. Brandes urged his countrymen to look abroad, to traditions such as the French, whose literature included many notable writers who grappled with social and political issues, especially those who came of age during the revolutions of 1789 and 1830.
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Oremus, Marc, M. Michael Poole, G. Renee Albertson, and C. Scott Baker. "Pelagic or insular? Genetic differentiation of rough-toothed dolphins in the Society Islands, French Polynesia." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 432-433 (November 2012): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2012.06.027.
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Notton, Gilles, Cyril Voyant, and Jean Laurent Duchaud. "Difficulties of Solar PV Integration in Island Electrical Networks – Case Study in the French Islands." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106028.
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Integrating intermittent and non-predictable renewable energy systems in an electrical network is a difficult task and a technical challenge mainly in an island network. The technical problems occurring in small not interconnected networks is explained. The electrical energy situation of several French islands spread over the World is analysed. Various aspects are successively studied: repartition of energy means, renewable energy part in the production with a focus on the intermittent renewable part. The electricity production cost in the islands are presented and the legal and financial features for renewable energy in France are exposed. In a second part, a focus is realized on the Corsica Island situated in the Mediterranean Sea and partially connected to Italy. Successively, the energy mix, the objective of the new energy plan for 2023 and the renewable energy situation, present and future, are presented. Even if the integration of non-programmable renewable energy plants is more complex in small insular networks, the high cost of electricity generation in such territories encourages the introduction of wind and PV systems. The islands are good laboratories for the development of intermittent and stochastic renewable energy systems.
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DESVARS, A., E. CARDINALE, and A. MICHAULT. "Animal leptospirosis in small tropical areas." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 2 (September 28, 2010): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810002074.
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SUMMARYLeptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. Humans become infected through contact with the urine of carrier animals, directly or via contaminated environments. This review reports available data on animal leptospirosis in ten tropical islands: Barbados, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Trinidad, New Caledonia, Hawaii, French Polynesia, La Réunion and Mayotte. Leptospirosis is endemic in these insular wild and domestic fauna. Each island presents a specific panel of circulating serovars, closely linked with animal and environmental biodiversity, making it epidemiologically different from the mainland. Rats, mongooses and mice are proven major renal carriers of leptospires in these areas but dogs also constitute a significant potential reservoir. In some islands seroprevalence of leptospirosis in animals evolves with time, inducing changes in the epidemiology of the human disease. Consequently more investigations on animal leptospirosis in these ecosystems and use of molecular tools are essential for prevention and control of the human disease.
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Bochaton, Corentin, Salvador Bailon, Anthony Herrel, Sandrine Grouard, Ivan Ineich, Anne Tresset, and Raphaël Cornette. "Human impacts reduce morphological diversity in an insular species of lizard." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1857 (June 28, 2017): 20170921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0921.
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Fossil remains provide useful insights into the long-term impact of anthropogenic phenomena on faunas and are often used to reveal the local (extirpations) or global (extinctions) losses of populations or species. However, other phenomena such as minor morphological changes can remain inconspicuous in the fossil record depending on the methodology used. In this study, we used the anole of Marie-Galante Island ( Anolis ferreus ) in Guadeloupe (French, West Indies) as a model to demonstrate how the morphological evolution of an insular lizard can be tracked through the Pleistocene/Holocene climatic transition and the recent anthropization of the island. We used a fossil assemblage of nearly 30 000 remains and a combination of anatomical description, traditional morphometry and geometric morphometrics. These fossils are attributed to a single taxon, most likely to be A. ferreus on the basis of morphological and morphometric arguments. Our results show the disappearance of a distinct (sub)population of large specimens that were about 25% larger than the modern representatives of A. ferreus . We also demonstrate an apparent size stability of the main fossil population of this species since the Late Pleistocene but with the possible occurrence of a reduction in morphological diversity during the Late Holocene. These results highlight the impact of anthropic disturbances on a lizard whose morphology otherwise remained stable since the Late Pleistocene.
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POLHEMUS, DAN A. "Two new genera and six new species of Terrestrial Hydrometridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from French Polynesia." Zootaxa 5190, no. 1 (September 27, 2022): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5190.1.3.
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The family Hydrometridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) has been previously recorded from French Polynesia based on three species in three genera: Chaetometra robusta (Hungerford, 1939) and Dolichocephalometra pacifica (Van Duzee, 1934) from the Marquesas Islands, and Hydrometra gagnei J. Polhemus & D. Polhemus, 1995 from Tahiti in the Society Islands. Based on recent surveys from montane cloud forest habitats, two new genera and and six new species of Hydrometridae are described from the Marquesas and Society Islands as follows: Marquesametra n. gen. from the Marquesas Islands, containing M. hivaoa n. sp. from Hiva Oa (Mt. Temetiu); and Prohydrometra n. gen. from the Society Islands, containing the previously described P. gagnei n. comb. from Tahiti (Tahiti Nui), and the five new species P. johnpolhemi n. sp. and P. englundi n. sp. from Raiatea (Trois Cascade and Mt. Toomaru respectively); P. tohiea n. sp. and P. moorea n. sp. from Moorea (both from Mt. Tohiea); and P. teatara n. sp. from Tahiti (Mts. Teatara). All of these new species are terrestrial, and with the exception of P. johnpolhemi, which inhabits rheocrenes, represent specialized inhabitants of upland wet forest habitats. This indicates that terrestrial ecologies have evolved multiple times within the Hydrometridae, and are the typical mode of life for species of this family occurring in the insular eastern Pacific.
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Gil, Artur. "Thematic Section: Sustainable development and environmental conservation in the Outermost European Regions." Island Studies Journal 11, no. 1 (2016): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.332.
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The Outermost European Regions (OERs) are geographic areas which are part of a European Union Member State, but situated outside continental Europe. All OERs except French Guiana are islands or archipelagos. They face several challenges to full development – remoteness, insularity, terrain and climate constraints, economic dependence and a narrow range of exportable commodities or services. Nevertheless, the European Commission advocates for these regions the assumption of a new paradigm: turning their natural and socioeconomic handicaps into assets. This strategy makes the sustainable development and environmental conservation strategies and policies of OERs especially challenging in scientific, technical and political terms. This Island Studies Journal special section on Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation in the Outermost European Regions includes five articles that describe, analyse and address directly social-ecological systems’ issues in insular Portuguese and Spanish OERs (Azores and Canaries, respectively). These studies propose novel concepts, strategies and models aiming towards designing and implementing better and more cost-effective sustainability and environmental conservation policies in these remote European regions.
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Changeux, Thomas. "Insular characteristics of freshwater fish communities in the island of Corsica, comparison with French continental coastal rivers." Italian Journal of Zoology 65, sup1 (January 1998): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009809386838.
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Álvarez-Varas, Rocío, Carol Medrano, Hugo A. Benítez, Felipe Guerrero, Fabiola León Miranda, Juliana A. Vianna, Camila González, and David Véliz. "Genetics, Morphometrics and Health Characterization of Green Turtle Foraging Grounds in Mainland and Insular Chile." Animals 12, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12121473.
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Two divergent genetic lineages have been described for the endangered green turtle in the Pacific Ocean, occurring sympatrically in some foraging grounds. Chile has seven known green turtle foraging grounds, hosting mainly juveniles of different lineages. Unfortunately, anthropic factors have led to the decline or disappearance of most foraging aggregations. We investigated age-class/sex structure, morphological variation, genetic diversity and structure, and health status of turtles from two mainland (Bahia Salado and Playa Chinchorro) and one insular (Easter Island) Chilean foraging grounds. Bahia Salado is composed of juveniles, and with Playa Chinchorro, exclusively harbors individuals of the north-central/eastern Pacific lineage, with Galapagos as the major genetic contributor. Conversely, Easter Island hosts juveniles and adults from both the eastern Pacific and French Polynesia. Morphological variation was found between lineages and foraging grounds, suggesting an underlying genetic component but also an environmental influence. Turtles from Easter Island, unlike Bahia Salado, exhibited injuries/alterations probably related to anthropic threats. Our findings point to establishing legal protection for mainland Chile’s foraging grounds, and to ensure that the administrative plan for Easter Island’s marine protected area maintains ecosystem health, turtle population viability, and related cultural and touristic activities.
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Vail, Mark I. "The better part of valour: The politics of French welfare reform." Journal of European Social Policy 9, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a010294.
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This article uses the French statist model as a test case for Paul Pierson's notion of 'blame avoidance' in retrenchment politics. In a comparative analysis of Prime Minister Edouard Balladur's health and pension reforms with those of his successor Alain Juppé, the article concludes that state strength creates both institutional 'assets' and 'liabilities' for elites undertaking retrenchment. In particular, it argues that, due to the political liabilities created by state autonomy in France, successful reform has depended upon judicious choice of policy substance and policy-making style on the part of elites. State autonomy thus may not yield, and indeed may be antithetical to, a capacious state in the context of welfare retrenchment. Accordingly, both political style and the substantive provisions of particular policy efforts can play a crucial role in compensating for the political liabilities that are inherent to welfare retrenchment and particularly acute in insular policy-making contexts. Résumé Cet article teste la notion de Paul Pierson 'd'éviter d'être blâmé' dans les politiques de réduction 'retrenchment' des systèmes de protection sociale dans le cas du modèle français caractérisé par l'importance de l'Etat. Dans une analyse comparative des réformes de la Santé et des pensions menées par Edouard Balladur et par Alain Juppé, cet article conclut que la force de l'Etat crée à la fois des atouts et des désavantages pour entreprendre des politiques de 'retrenchment'. en particulier, il avance que du fait des engagements politiques créés par l'autonomie de l'état en France, la mise en oeuvre de réformes a dépendu de choix judicieux tant en matière de contenu que de style de la part des élites. L'autonomie de l'Etat peut réduire, et même être opposée, à la capacité de l'Etat de mener des politiques de 'retrenchement'. De ce fait, tant le style poli-tique que les disposions substantielles d'efforts politiques particuliers peuvent jouer un rôle crucial pour compenser les engagements politiques qui sont inhérents au processus de réduction de la protection sociale et partic-ulièrement sensibles dans des contextes avec nombre réduit de décideurs politiques.
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Schrimm, M., R. Buscail, and M. Adjeroud. "Spatial variability of the biogeochemical composition of surface sediments in an insular coral reef ecosystem: Moorea, French Polynesia." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 60, no. 3 (July 2004): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2003.11.025.
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Lionnet, Françoise. "National Language Departments in the Era of Transnational Studies." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, no. 5 (October 2002): 1252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x61133.
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Common though it may be in most of the United States today, monolingualism is an aberration in most of the world. In western Europe, for example, primary schools teach foreign languages to young children; in urban areas of Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, switching between local, vernacular languages and national tongues is a common daily occurrence among all citizens, even those who may not be literate in the traditional Western sense. In a speech for the formal inauguration of the University of California, Irvine's new International Center for Writing and Translation on 5 April 2002, the 1986 Nigerian Nobel Prize laureate for literature, Wole Soyinka, asserted that the United States is “one of the most insular, mono-linguistic communities [he has] ever encountered in [his] life.” Along with the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, author of The Monolingualism of the Other, and Bei Ling, a dissident Chinese poet, translator, and editor, Soyinka is on the executive board of Irvine's new center, an initiative funded by a large endowment from Glenn Schaeffer, a successful Las Vegas casino executive (Johnson E1, E3).
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Kuehler, C., A. Lieberman, A. Varney, P. Unitt, R. M. Sulpice, J. Azua, and B. Tehevini. "Translocation of Ultramarine Lories Vini ultramarina in the Marquesas Islands: Ua Huka to Fatu Hiva." Bird Conservation International 7, no. 1 (March 1997): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001416.
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SummaryThe Ultramarine Lory (Ultramarine Lorikeet, Marquesas Lorikeet, Pihiti) Vini ultramarina is one of the most threatened insular Lory species. Endemic to the Marquesas Islands, where it probably once ranged throughout the archipelago, it has been nearly extirpated from all but the tiny island of Ua Huka. Given the vulnerability of a single population inhabiting one small island, and the decline of the species in recent years, establishment of the Ultramarine Lory on another less disturbed island within its historic range has been proposed as a conservation strategy. This paper describes a 1991 survey evaluating the status of the Ultramarine Lory in the Marquesas Islands, and three subsequent translocations of birds from the island of Ua Huka to the island of Fatu Hiva. Twenty-nine birds were relocated during the period from 1992 to 1994 at the request of the Delegation de L'Environnement, French Polynesia. A preliminary survey, prior to the third translocation, indicates that previously transferred birds are surviving and may be reproducing; an intensive survey is planned in 1997.
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Richomme, C., S. A. Lacour, C. Ducrot, E. Gilot-Fromont, F. Casabianca, O. Maestrini, I. Vallée, A. Grasset, J. van der Giessen, and P. Boireau. "Epidemiological survey of trichinellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and fox (Vulpes vulpes) in a French insular region, Corsica." Veterinary Parasitology 172, no. 1-2 (August 2010): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.026.
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Rezac, Milan. "Mihi est from Brythonic to Breton I." Indogermanische Forschungen 125, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 313–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2020-013.
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AbstractMiddle Breton (MB) presents a singular anomaly of pronominal argument coding. Objects are accusative proclitics save in two constructions, where coding is split by person: 3rd unique enclitics ~ 1st/2nd accusative proclitics. The constructions are HAVE, from Insular Celtic mihi est, where the new coding replaces inflectional nominatives (cf. Latin mihi est ~ sunt); and imperatives, where it replaces accusative enclitics in V1 (cf. French aide-moi ~ ne m’aide pas). The evolution is traced in light of a crosslinguistic construction type that suggests its nature, noncanonical subject + 3rd nominative ~ 1st/2nd accusative object. Part I: (1) Decomposition of HAVE as dative clitic + BE from Brythonic throughout “conservative” varieties of Breton. (2) Breton-Cornish innovation of nonclitic datives for mihi est and their subjecthood. Part II: (3) Brythonic unavailibility of mesoclisis in V1 and Breton-Cornish nonagreement with nominative objects, resulting in independent > enclitic pronouns for accusative objects of imperatives and nominative objects of mihi est. (4) MB alignment of imperatives with mihi est in 3rd person, restriction on nominative enclitics, and recruitment of 1st/2nd person accusative proclitics upon loss of mesoclisis. (5) Transition to accusative objects in “innovative” varieties and subject-object case interactions.
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García Fernández, José. "El superestrato románico: la huella del español, del francés y del occitano en el siciliano contemporáneo." Estudios Románicos 28 (December 20, 2019): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/er/373971.
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Sicilia siempre ha sido un enclave disputado por múltiples pueblos que terminarían por modelar la cultura de sus habitantes. En consecuencia, el siciliano se embebió lingüísticamente de las hablas de los sucesivos pobladores de la isla, de entre los que caben destacar, entre otros, los españoles y los franceses. Atentos a esta realidad, este artículo propone un acercamiento a los influjos del castellano, francés y occitano, tres variedades romances que, en forma de superestrato semántico, han influido en la configuración lingüística del siciliano. Sirviéndonos de las voces dialectales empleadas por la palermitana Giuseppina Torregrossa en su primera novela, L’Assaggiatrice, hemos podido corroborar cómo, al igual que hicieran antaño otros especialistas, tanto el dominio iberorrománico como el galorrománico siguen siendo determinantes en la conformación de la lengua siciliana, una variante lingüística aún empleada con frecuencia en la literatura isleña pese al creciente interés social por el italiano estándar desde la unificación del país. Sicily has always been a territory under dispute by multiple peoples that eventually managed to mold the culture of the inhabitants of the island. As a result, the Sicilian language absorbed the language of the ensuing settlers, particularly Spanish and French. In view of this, this article addresses the analysis of the Spanish, French and Occitan traces, three Romance variants that, through the semantic superstratum, have had an impact on the linguistic configuration of the Sicilian language. With the focus on the dialectal lexicon used by the Palermitan writer, Giuseppina Torregrossa, in her debut novel, L’Assaggiatrice, this study confirms what previous specialized authorities on the field observed in past times: that the Ibero-Romance and Gallo-Romance influence have been, and still are, key to the shaping of the Sicilian language, a linguistic variant that is most frequently used in insular literature regardless of the growing social interest in standard Italian after the unification.
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Ryan, John M. "Embracing Neapolitan as a Language Which Is Key to the Reconstruction of Early Romance." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0811.01.
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Despite being the second most spoken language on the Italian peninsula, Neapolitan has been overlooked in some of the more important comparative linguistic studies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. A survey of these studies suggests the preference for: 1) national languages, in this case, Italian, 2) languages that possess comparably the largest number of speakers, especially those that have swelled exponentially for reasons of immigration, as in the cases of Spanish, Portuguese and French; or 3) insular languages such as Sardinian which, despite its relatively low number of speakers, appears to have been included because of its sequestered history and the inevitability of differently evolved forms. The reason for this study is to demonstrate that because of exclusion among the ranks of other more elite languages, certain key structures of Neapolitan have been overlooked as potential exemplars of earlier forms of Romance. This paper suggests reasons for why the exclusion of Neapolitan in previous comparative language studies has only served to obscure the relevance of other factors that are key to the reconstruction of early Romance. The paper will also provide specific examples from the Neapolitan lexicon that serve to demonstrate how this variety conserves early forms of Romance.
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Stark, Elisabeth, and Paul Widmer. "Breton a-marking of (internal) verbal arguments: A result of language contact?" Linguistics 58, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 745–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0089.
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AbstractWe discuss a potential case of borrowing in this paper: Breton a- ‘of’, ‘from’ marking of (internal) verbal arguments, unique in Insular Celtic languages, and reminiscent of Gallo-Romance de/du- (and en-) arguments. Looking at potential Gallo-Romance parallels of three Middle Breton constructions analyzed in some detail (a with indefinite mass nominals in direct object position, a-marking of internal arguments under the scope of negation, a [allomorphs an(ez)-/ahan-] with personal pronouns for internal arguments, subjects (mainly of predicative constructions) and as expletive subjects of existential constructions), we demonstrate that even if there are some semantic parallels and one strong structural overlap (a and de under the scope of negation), the amount of divergences in morphology, syntax and semantics and the only partially fitting relative chronology of the different constructions do not allow to conclude with certainty that language-contact is an explanation of the Breton facts, which might have come into being also because of internal change (bound to restructuring of the pronominal system in Breton). More research is necessary to complete our knowledge of a-marking in Middle Breton and Modern Breton varieties and on the precise history of French en, in order to decide for one or the other explanation.
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Bouly de Lesdain, Sophie. "The photovoltaic installation process and the behaviour of photovoltaic producers in insular contexts: the French island example (Corsica, Reunion Island, Guadeloupe)." Energy Efficiency 12, no. 3 (June 14, 2018): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9680-2.
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FILPPULA, MARKKU, and JUHANI KLEMOLA. "Special issue on Re-evaluating the Celtic hypothesis." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (July 2009): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309002962.
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Present-day historians of English are widely agreed that, throughout its recorded history, the English language has absorbed linguistic influences from other languages, most notably Latin, Scandinavian, and French. What may give rise to differing views is the nature and extent of these influences, not the existence of them. Against the backdrop of this unanimity, it seems remarkable that there is one group of languages for which no such consensus exists, despite a close coexistence between English and these languages in the British Isles spanning more than one and a half millennia. This group is, of course, the Insular Celtic languages, comprising the Brittonic subgroup of Welsh and Cornish and the Goidelic one comprising Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic. The standard wisdom, repeated in textbooks on the history of English such as Baugh and Cable (1993), Pyles & Algeo (1993), and Strang (1970), holds that contact influences from Celtic have always been minimal and are mainly limited to Celtic-origin place names and river names and a mere handful of other words. Thus, Baugh & Cable (1993: 85) state that ‘outside of place-names the influence of Celtic upon the English language is almost negligible’; in a similar vein, Strang (1970) writes that ‘the extensive influence of Celtic can only be traced in place-names’ (1970: 391).
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LOUKIL, LAKHDAR, MALIKA MEHDI, NOUREDINE MELAB, EL-GHAZALI TALBI, and PASCAL BOUVRY. "PARALLEL HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHMS FOR SOLVING Q3AP ON COMPUTATIONAL GRID." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 02 (February 2012): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112400242.
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This paper deals with the resolution of the Quadratic 3-dimensional Assignment Problem hereafter referred to as Q3AP. Q3AP is an extension of the well-known Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) and of the Axial 3-Assignment Problem (A3AP). It finds its application amongst others in Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) error-control mechanism used in wireless communication systems. This problem is computationally NP-hard. As far as we know, the largest Q3AP instance size solved to optimality is 13 whereas practical Q3AP instance size can be of 8, 16, 32 or 64. Sequential exact methods such branch-and-bound or sequential metaheuristics are therefore not suited to solve large size instances for the excessive needed computation time. In this paper, we propose parallel hybrid genetic-based metaheuristics for solving the Q3AP. The parallelism in our methods is of two hierarchical levels. The first level is an insular model where a fixed number of genetic algorithms (GA) evolve independently on separate islands and periodically exchange genetic material. The second level is a parallel transformation of individuals in each GA. Implementation has been done using ParadisEO framework, and the experiments have been performed on GRID5000, the French nation-wide computational grid. The experimental results produced by our method were confronted with those reported in the literature. The optimum or the best so far known solutions have been reached in a reasonable computation time.
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Piouceau, Julien, Frédéric Panfili, Grégory Bois, Matthieu Anastase, Frédéric Feder, Julien Morel, Véronique Arfi, and Laurent Dufossé. "Bamboo Plantations for Phytoremediation of Pig Slurry: Plant Response and Nutrient Uptake." Plants 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040522.
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On Réunion Island, a French overseas territory located in the western Indian Ocean, increasing pig livestock farming is generating large quantities of slurry. Most of it is spread on a little agricultural land due to the insular context. Considering the limitation of the quantities that can be spread on agricultural areas (European “Nitrate Directive” 91/676/EEC), the use of wastewater treatment systems using phytoremediation principles is an attractive option for the pig slurry treatment. A wastewater treatment system using bamboo groves was assessed for the pig slurry treatment. Three field plots were designed on an agricultural area and planted with 40 bamboo clumps on each plot. A total of 67 m3 of pig slurry was spread on two plots in two forms: raw slurry and centrifuged slurry. The latter plot was watered with tap water. The total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 5.3, 1.4 and 5.5 t·ha−1, respectively, for the raw slurry treatment and 4.2, 0.4 and 5.1 t·ha−1, respectively, for the centrifuged slurry treatment. The response of bamboo species to pig slurry application was determined using morphologic parameters, Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and biomass yield. Compared to the control, the biomass increased by 1.8 to 6 times, depending on the species and the form of slurry. Depending on the species, the average biomass ranged from 52 to 135 t.DM.ha−1 in two years of experiment.
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Bailon, S., C. Bochaton, and A. Lenoble. "New data on Pleistocene and Holocene herpetofauna of Marie Galante (Blanchard Cave, Guadeloupe Islands, French West Indies): Insular faunal turnover and human impact." Quaternary Science Reviews 128 (November 2015): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.09.023.
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CALMET, CLAIR E., JOSIE LAMBOURDIERE, JAWAD ABDELKRIM, MICHEL PASCAL, and SARAH SAMADI. "Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellites in the shrew Crocidura suaveolens and its application to the study of insular populations of the French Atlantic coast." Molecular Ecology Notes 4, no. 3 (September 2004): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00672.x.
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FILPPULA, MARKKU. "The rise of it-clefting in English: areal-typological and contact-linguistic considerations." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (July 2009): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309003025.
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Recent areal and typological research has brought to light several syntactic features which English shares with the Celtic languages as well as some of its neighbouring western European languages, but not with (all of) its Germanic sister languages, especially German. This study focuses on one of them, viz. the so-called it-cleft construction. What makes the it-cleft construction particularly interesting from an areal and typological point of view is the fact that, although it does not belong to the defining features of so-called Standard Average European (SAE), it has a strong presence in French, which is in the ‘nucleus’ of languages forming SAE alongside Dutch, German, and (northern dialects of) Italian. In German, however, clefting has remained a marginal option, not to mention most of the eastern European languages which hardly make use of clefting at all. This division in itself prompts the question of some kind of a historical-linguistic connection between the Celtic languages (both Insular and Continental), English, and French (or, more widely, Romance languages). Before tackling that question, one has to establish whether it-clefting is part of Old (and Middle) English grammar, and if so, to what extent it is used in these periods. In the first part of this article (sections 2 and 3), I trace the emergence of it-clefts on the basis of data from The York–Toronto–Helsinki Corpus of Old English Prose and The Penn–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, second edition. Having established the gradually increasing use of it-clefts from OE to ME, I move on to discuss the areal distribution of clefting among European languages and its typological implications (section 4). This paves the way for a discussion of the possible role played by language contacts, and especially those with the Celtic languages, in the emergence of it-clefting in English (section 5). It is argued that contacts with the Celtic languages provide the most plausible explanation for the development of this feature of English. This conclusion is supported by the chronological precedence of the cleft construction in the Celtic languages, its prominence in modern-period ‘Celtic Englishes’, and close parallels between English and the Celtic languages with respect to several other syntactic features.
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Walker, Jonathan S. "Geographical patterns of threat among pigeons and doves (Columbidae)." Oryx 41, no. 3 (July 2007): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001016.
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AbstractColumbidae (pigeons and doves) is one of the most threatened bird families in the world. I analysed data on the BirdLife International Species Information Database to examine the distribution and causes of threat among columbids. Of 304 species extant in the wild, 59 (19%) are threatened with extinction, 48 (83%) of which have restricted ranges. All but two threatened columbid species (97%) inhabit tropical forests, and of these, 45 are island species (78% of all threatened columbid species). The taxonomic distribution of columbids follows three coherent areas: the Americas; Europe, Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia; Asia, Australasia and Oceania. Asia, Australasia and Oceania support nearly two-thirds of all extant species and three-quarters of threatened species (44), most of which (84%) are restricted range insular species. Three countries within this area are the most important for the conservation of columbid diversity: Indonesia, the Philippines and French Polynesia. Together these three countries support 40% of extant species and half of all threatened species. The greatest causes of threat to columbids are (1) habitat loss and fragmentation due to agriculture and extraction, (2) hunting for food, and (3) alien predator species. Habitat loss and fragmentation are universal threats to columbids. Hunting, however, is a significantly greater threat to species in Asia, Australasia and Oceania than to species in the other two areas and urgently needs to be addressed. I discuss the conservation implications of these findings and make research recommendations to aid and encourage the conservation of threatened columbids and their habitats.
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Parina, Elena. "Loanwords in Welsh: Frequency Analysis on the Basis of Cronfa Electronaeg o Gymraeg." Studia Celto-Slavica 3 (2010): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54586/hyzy2398.
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The Welsh language adopted words from several languages, the most important being Latin, Norman French and English. As noted by Prof. Hildegard Tristram, the issues of English influence on the Insular Celtic languages did not receive due attention because of political undercurrents of the British Isles [Tristram 2002: 258]. The research of T.H. Parry-Williams [Parry-Williams 1924] still remains the main work on the subject. The prevailing view of the Welsh-speaking community on this topic can be seen in the name of a series of articles in the Mabon journal during the 1970s: Sut i beidio ag ysgrifennu Saesneg yn Gymraeg (How not to write English in Welsh) (e.g. [Roberts 1973]). This prescriptivism is avoided mainly in dialectal and code-switching studies, which cannot be prescriptive by definition, but still there are many issues awaiting description. In our paper we would like to present the result of our research, in which we analyse loanwords in two Welsh corpora. The first should be more precisely called a text massive, as only a part of it is available electronically yet. It consists of the 11 texts of the Mabinogi in the broader, Lady Charlotte Guest’s, sense and represents a classical sample of the Middle Welsh prose language. The second is the Bangor corpus of the Modern Welsh language. Selecting the loanwords in the top 1000 of the most frequent words in both corpora and comparing those two lists provides ideas on the English/Latin loanwords ratio in the language, their place in the whole vocabulary, and the correlation between Middle and Modern Welsh. Taking into account the less frequent loanwords allows refining the results.
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Ayagapin, Leslie, and Jean Philippe Praene. "Environmental Overcost of Single Family Houses in Insular Context: A Comparative LCA Study of Reunion Island and France." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218937.
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The building and public works sector is, in France as in Europe, a major consumer of raw materials for both the manufacture of products and the construction of buildings and structures. This sector has a direct impact on the natural and built environment. This effect is even more pronounced in the case of isolated territories, such as islands. The latter have their own constraints (geographical location, production of the local grid mix) and particularities: very small territory, massive importation of goods in all fields, such as food, automobile, building, and others). In this study, we focus on the building branch of the construction industry, which covers housing (single-family houses and apartment blocks). The study is based on the analysis of about twenty single-family houses built in metropolitan France and Reunion Island. The construction standards for these two regions comply with European standards (CE) and French regulations. However, in the case of Reunion Island, a tropical island, it applies in particular to the Thermal, Acoustic, and Ventilation Regulations for New Buildings in Overseas Departments and Regions (RTAA DROM). The approach that is used for the environmental assessment of single-family homes is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), from cradle to grave. The results initially showed that there is an additional environmental cost in the construction sector between France and Reunion Island. This is initially due to the choice of origin of materials and products, which can greatly contribute to the impacts of construction. Secondly, to the use of the countries’ electricity mix, which also contributes, in part, to the impact of the construction of these single-family homes during the assembly and transformation of the products. Finally, this additional cost also differs according to the transport used (sea, air, rail, road). For the Global Warming Potential (GWP) indicator, in our study we note that the additional environmental cost is 37% higher in Reunion Island. This figure explains the additional impact of the 218 kg-CO2eq/m2 of built-up area built for Reunion Island. This study is one of the first analyses demonstrating the additional environmental cost that exists between mainland France and overseas France. Thus, the results demonstrate the importance of creating a specialized and regionalized database for the case of remote islands. Thus, this database would allow for professionals to have a precise environmental assessment, not on a national but on a regional scale. This document also provides a framework and guideline for policy decision-making in the overseas islands.
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Bailon, S., C. Bochaton, and A. Lenoble. "Corrigendum to “New data on Pleistocene and Holocene herpetofauna of Marie Galante (Blanchard Cave, Guadeloupe Islands, French West Indies): Insular faunal turnover and human impact” [Quat. Sci. Rev. 128 (2015) 127–137]." Quaternary Science Reviews 132 (January 2016): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.11.008.
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Butaud, Jean-François, Vincent Gaydou, Jean-Pierre Bianchini, Robert Faure, and Phila Raharivelomanana. "Dihydroxysesquiterpenoids from Santalum insulare of French Polynesia." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 3 (March 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200303.
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Two new dihydroxysesquiterpene derivatives, elvirenol (1) and elvirol (2), along with five known compounds, (Z)-2β-hydroxy-14-hydro-β-santalol (3), (Z)-2α-hydroxyalbumol (4), (Z)-campherene-2β,13-diol (5), bisabola-2,10-dien-7,13-diol (6) and 2R-(Z)-campherene-2,13-diol (7) were isolated from the n-hexane extract of Santalum insulare (Santalaceae) from French Polynesia. Elvirol and elvirenol have a new sesquiterpene skeleton named elvirane. The structures were determined by extensive NMR studies. Compounds with antibacterial and antifungal activities identified in S. album heartwood were also present in S. insulare and may contribute to the recognized activities of this material in Polynesian traditional medicine.
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Callahan, Christopher. "Catherine Léglu, Samson and Delilah in Medieval Insular French: Translation and Adaptation. (The New Middle Ages.) Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Pp. xix, 126; 7 black-and-white figures. $69.99. ISBN: 978-3-3199-0637-9." Speculum 95, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/708472.
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Butaud, Jean-François, Phila Raharivelomanana, Denis Loquet, Jean-Pierre Bianchini, Robert Faure, and Emile M. Gaydou. "Comparative Investigation of O- and C-Glycosylflavones in Leaves of Six Santalum Insulare (Santalaceae) Varieties." Natural Product Communications 1, no. 11 (November 2006): 1934578X0600101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0600101110.
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Leaves (108 samples) of six Santalum insulare (Santalaceae) varieties, i.e. raivavense, margaretae, marchionense, raiateense, alticola, and insulare from French Polynesia, have been investigated for their O- and C-glycosylflavone contents. Apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside was found in low amounts in all varieties except in some samples of variety insulare, whereas luteolin-7-O-neohesperidoside was found in high amounts in alticola and insulare varieties (19.2 and 24.9%, respectively). Apigenin-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (vitexin) was found in all varieties with contents ≤ 4.3 %, and the content of apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (isovitexin) was highest in marchionense variety (12.5%). Luteolin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoorientin) contributes to the differentiation of marchionense and alticola varieties (39.6 and 40.5%, respectively), whereas apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (vicenin-2) was found in high amounts in raivavense, margaretae, and raiateense varieties (56.2, 53.7 and 55.8% respectively), together with luteolin-6,8-di-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (lucenin-2) (12.4, 15.8 and 18.6% respectively).
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Faričić, Josip, Tome Marelić, Patrick Levačić, and Đurđa Šinko-Depierris. "The Croatian Islands on maps in André Thevet's Le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 82, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2020.82.02.02.
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The French royal cosmographer André Thevet wrote many works, including Le Grand Insulaire et Pilotage. The second volume of this work (a navigation manual), prepared in manuscript form in 1586, describes the Croatian coast and islands and includes maps of Krk, Pag, Ugljan with Pašman, Čiovo, Brač, Hvar, and Korčula. These achievements are completely unknown in Croatian scientific literature. The subject of this paper is Thevet’s maps showing the Croatian islands. Their geographical content is compared to maps published in the second half of the 16th century in isolarios by Giovanni Francesco Camocio (1571), Antonio Millo (1582), and Giuseppe Rosaccio (1598). The study shows that Thevet’s maps were completely different from those produced by his contemporaries, especially in terms of the contours of island coastlines and depicted geographical features. Thevet’s maps were a reflection of the author’s personal competence, primarily his knowledge of geography and methods of spatial data collection, processing and cartographic visualisation, and are also a vivid testimony to French insight into the geography of the eastern Adriatic coast during the Renaissance.
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BROUSSOLLE, C. "French multicentre experience of implantable insulin pumps." Lancet 343, no. 8896 (February 1994): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91462-1.
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Costantine, Georges, Chadi Maalouf, Tala Moussa, and Guillaume Polidori. "Monitoring of a Hemp Lime External Building Insulation." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103046.
Full textAbstract:
In a context of promoting energy efficiency, building sector has undergone a notable evolution towards innovative construction insulation materials such as hemp concrete, in order to reduce buildings energy bills and environmental impact. Hemp-Concrete finds application as internal or external thermal insulator in wooden frame walls. In that context, a French building in Grand-Est region, employing Hemp-Concrete as an external insulator is selected and studied. An apartment is monitored for several months. Indoor temperatures, and relative humidities as well as external weather conditions are measured using sensors installed inside the apartment and a weather station placed at the building roof. Indoor comfort analysis shows satisfactory results according to ASHREA standards. Experimental approach is then coupled with a numerical validation at room scale using SPARK simulation tool. Investigations are conducted on indoor office air temperature and relative humidity. Results show a good agreement between numerical values and experimental measurements.