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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Instrumentation'
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Skolnik, Derek. "Building instrumentation." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1790313721&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Pesciotta, Eric. "Managing Instrumentation Networks." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606157.
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ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaAs traditional data acquisition systems give way to network-based data acquisition systems a new approach to instrumentation configuration, management and analysis is required. Today, most flight test programs are supported by traditional instrumentation systems and software. Pockets of network-based systems exist but are typically entirely new, closed systems. Relatively soon, test articles will emerge with a mixture of equipment. The merger of traditional and networked instrumentation is inevitable. Bridging the gap in software tools is a non-trivial task. Network-based data acquisition systems provide expanded flexibility and capabilities well beyond traditional systems. Yet pre-existing equipment requires traditional configuration and analysis tools. Traditional flight test software alone cannot fully exploit the added benefits gained from such mergers. The need exists for a new type of flight test software that handles existing instrumentation while also providing additional features to manage a network of devices. Network management is new to flight test software but a thoughtful implementation can facilitate easy transition to these modern systems. This paper explores the technologies required to satisfy traditional system configuration as well as the less understood aspects of network management and analysis. Examples of software that meet or exceed these requirements are provided.
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Whitlock, T. L. "Muscle physiology instrumentation." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236467.
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Gustavsson, Alexander. "Inverkan av spelmusikens instrumentation : Hur instrumentationen i spelmusik påverkar spelarens val i en virtuell värld." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16105.
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Musik har en värdefull plats i spelvärlden, strävan efter att skapa något unikt och innovativt präglar varje kompositör. Är det möjligt att subliminalt förmedla och påverka spelarens val i en virtuell värld, genom musik? Den här studien fokuserar på om hur instrumentationsbyte inom spelmusik kan ha en inverkan på spelarens handlingar i spelet Minecraft (2011). För att besvara detta skapades en artefakt som i samband med intervjuer och observationer av informanter fastställde ett resultat. Artefakten uppstod från spelet Minecraft (2011), musikstycket ”Sweden” av C418 (C418 u.å.) samt en nykomponerad version av ”Sweden” som innehåller en ny instrumentering. Undersökningen bestod av 7 informanter som tog del av artefakten i en spelsession på 10 minuter samtidigt som en skärminspelning tog plats. Efter spelsessionen intervjuades informanterna angående deras upplevelse. Resultatet visade att deltagarnas val inte styrdes av musikens instrumentation utan endast av medvetna handlingar. Musiken hade dock en inverkan på informanternas spelsession då den bidrog till inlevelsekänslan. En fortsättning av detta arbete skulle troligtvis präglas av problematiken att mäta reaktionerna hos spelarna enbart baserat på förändringen i musikens instrumentering. Möjlighet till att förändra frågeställningen i samband med en ny och förbättrad artefakt kan medföra en starkare insikt i denna kombinerade värld av psykologi, spel och musik.
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Ma, Weizen. "Instrumentation of Gait Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-28759.
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This master’s thesis project “Instrumentation of Gait Analysis” was carried out at and funded by Integrum AB, Gothenburg, Sweden. Force analysis is critical during rehabilitation process of amputation patients, since overloading might place the bone-implant interface at risk; while underloading might extend unnecessarily the already long rehabilitation program [1]. Highly developed sensor and data acquisition technology provides an easy and reliable way to do force analysis. This thesis introduces the problem and provides background material regarding Orthotics and Prosthetics, including osseointegration. The existing gait analysis techniques and sensor technology will be described. Based upon the criteria that are introduced, a suitable sensor and integration platform was selected to implement a new gait analysis system. Several trials of different gait states are proposed using the prototype to do gait analysis, the results are presented and analyzed. The success of this prototype has lead to plans to design an Osseointegrated Prostheses for the Rehabilitation of Amputees(OPRA) product
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Sharkins, Anthony August. "Instrumentation for SPS-2." Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178043493.
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Schweiger, Daniel L. "Instrumentation of flexible pavement." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178911279.
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Maguire, Yael G. 1975. "Microslots : scalable electromagnetic instrumentation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33677.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-178).
This thesis explores spin manipulation, fabrication techniques and boundary conditions of electromagnetism to bridge the macroscopic and microscopic worlds of biology, chemistry and electronics. This work is centered around the design of a novel electromagnetic device scalable from centimeters to micrometers called a microslot. By creating a small slot in a planarized waveguide called a microstrip, the boundary conditions of the system force an electromagnetic wave to create a concentrated magnetic field around the slot that can be used to detect or produce magnetic fields. By constructing suitable boundary conditions, a detector of electric fields can be produced as well. One of the most important applications of this technology is for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). As demonstrated experimentally in this thesis, microslots improves the mass-limited detectability of NMR by orders of magnitude over conventional technology and may move us closer to the dream of NMR on a chip.
(cont.) Improving sensitivity in NMR may lead to a dramatic increase in the rate and accessibility of protein structural information accumulation and a host of other applications for fundamental understanding of biology and biomedical applications, and micro/macroscopic engineering. This microslot structure was constructed at both 6.9mm and 297 [mu]m in order to understand the properties as a function of scale. The 297 [mu]m structure has the best signal to noise ratio of any published planar detector and promises to have higher sensitivity with decreasing size. The detector has been used to analyze water and a relatively simple organic molecule with nanomole sensitivity. 940 picomoles of a small peptide was analyzed and a 2D correlation spectra was obtained which allowed identification of the amino acids in the peptide and could be further used to determine structure. This 297 [mu]m microslot probe was constructed using conventional printed circuit board fabrication and a laser micromachining center. A homebuilt probe was made to house the circuit board. Since this geometry is simpler than previously demonstrated techniques, fabrication can be automated for arrays and is inherently scalable to small sizes (less than 10 [mu]m).
(cont.) The planar nature of the device makes it ideal for integration with microfluidics, transceivers and applications such as cell/neuron chemistry, protein arrays, and HPLC-NMR on pico to nanomoles of sample. Furthermore, this work suggests that a physically scalable, near-field device may have a variety of further uses in integrated circuit chip diagnosis, spintronic devices, nanomanipulation, and magnetic/electric field imaging of surfaces.
by Yael Gregory Eli Maguire.
Ph.D.
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Huang, Wei-Han 1979. "Instrumentation for quantum computers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30104.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215).
Quantum computation poses challenging engineering and basic physics issues for the control of nanoscale systems. In particular, experimental realizations of up to seven-qubit NMR quantum computers have acutely illustrated how quantum circuits require extremely precise control instrumentation for pulsed excitation. In this thesis, we develop two general-purpose, low-cost pulse programmers and two Class E power amplifiers, designed for precise control of qubits and complex pulse excitation. The first-generation pulse programmer has timing resolutions of 235 ns, while the second-generation one has resolutions of 10 ns. The Class E power amplifier has [mu]s transient response times, a high quality-factor, and a small form factor. The verification of the pulse programmer and the Class E power amplifier is demonstrated using a customized nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectrom- eter, which incorporates both devices. The two devices control the generation of RF pulses used in NQR experiments on paradichlorobenzene (C₆H₄C₁₂) and sodium nitrite (NaNO₂). The NQR signals originating from ¹⁴N in sodium nitrite and from ³⁵Cl in paradichlorobenzene are measured using the NQR spectrometer. The pulse programmer and the Class E power amplifier represent first steps towards development of practical NMR quantum computers.
by Wei-Han Huang.
S.M.
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Ge, Zhifei Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Microbial instrumentation utilizing microfluidics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108948.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-150).
Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals abundant microbial diversity in nature. However, studies of microbiology have been limited by the capabilities to replicate the natural environment or artificially manipulate cells. Advances in microbial instrumentation with microfluidics can break through these challenges. In nature, bacteria live in communities with abundant inter-species chemical communication. To replicate such environments in laboratory conditions, nanoporous microscale microfluidic incubators (NMMIs) for co-culture of multiple species have been developed. The NMMIs enable high-throughput screening and real-time observation of multiple species co-cultured simultaneously. The key innovation in the NMMIs is that they facilitate inter-species communication while maintaining physical isolation between species. NMMIs are a useful tool for the discovery of previously uncultivated organisms and for the study of inter-species microbial interactions. The land and seas are teeming with microbes but one region of the environment often neglected is the air. Large numbers of microbes are present in air yet little is known about the mechanisms that lead to their dispersion. We have elucidated one such dispersion mechanisms involving rain and soil bacteria. The experimental system replicates the process of raindrops impinging on soil surfaces that contain bacteria. It is demonstrated that up to 0.01% of soil bacteria can be dispersed by aerosolization and survive for more than an hour after the aerosolization process. This mechanism can be relevant for the investigation of climate change, pathogenic disease transmission, and geographic migration of bacteria. In spite of the challenges outlined above there are thousands of known species of bacteria that have been catalogued and genetically sequenced. However, few of these organisms are amenable to modem genetic manipulation tools. Thus there is a great benefit for a tool that accelerates the development of efficient genetic transformation protocols. We have developed a microfluidic electroporation device to address this challenge. The key novelty is the microchannel geometry which applies a linear electric field gradient to each sample. This design enables rapid determination of the electric field that leads to quantifiable bacterial electroporation. Bacterial strains with both industrial and medical relevance have been successfully characterized using this assay.
by Zhifei Ge.
Ph. D.
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Schneider, Dennis, and Ronald Colangelo. "INSTRUMENTATION – MAKE IT COMMON." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606470.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) is a model program; executing Department of Defense (DoD) initiatives, such as Acquisition Reform, Industry Partnering, and the use of Integrated Product Teams (IPT). The HSTSS is partnering because the unique expertise needed for the high g instrumentation system is spread across industry and the Government. The approaches used to reduce risk in the development of instrumentation systems will be described. Also technical strategies will be addressed. In this paper a discussion about the affect that the IPT process has had on HSTSS to make the program successful. This paper will describe the strategy used to leverage existing technologies, processes, and to market the components that has been developed. The information presented here will address how partnering and the use of commercial technology will reduce the program costs as well as the unit cost. The importance of working together within the Services and sharing funds and technology to accomplish more with less will be addressed. This paper will address how we are delivering a low cost, miniature, high-g (100,000 g’s), and modular instrumentation system. This instrumentation is to be used for indirect fire and direct fire projectiles and small missiles. The building blocks for this instrumentation system include batteries, transmitter, pulse code modulation (PCM) encoders, and a variety of sensors (pressure, spin rate, etc.). Instrumentation requirement for HSTSS is to collect data from launch to impact.
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CONN, RAYMOND, and PHILLIP BREEDLOVE. "A MISSILE INSTRUMENTATION ENCODER." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615423.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-16, 1986 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaThe modern Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) telemetry system faces many unique challenges in terms of data acquisition diversity and specifically satisfy the demanding missile requirements. The engineering considerations and hardware implementation are presented in this paper.
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Schweiger, Daniel J. "Instrumentation of flexible pavement." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178911279.
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Tarigopula, Sriteja. "MBE Growth and Instrumentation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5243/.
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This thesis mainly aims at application of principles of engineering technology in the field of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). MBE is a versatile technique for growing epitaxial thin films of semiconductors and metals by impinging molecular beams of atoms onto a heated substrate under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Here, a LabVIEW® (laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench) software (National Instruments Corp., http://www.ni.com/legal/termsofuse/unitedstates/usH) program is developed that would form the basis of a real-time control system that would transform MBE into a true-production technology. Growth conditions can be monitored in real-time with the help of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) technique. The period of one RHEED oscillation corresponds exactly to the growth of one monolayer of atoms of the semiconductor material. The PCI-1409 frame grabber card supplied by National Instruments is used in conjunction with the LabVIEW software to capture the RHEED images and capture the intensity of RHEED oscillations. The intensity values are written to a text file and plotted in the form of a graph. A fast Fourier transform of these oscillations gives the growth rate of the epi-wafer being grown. All the data being captured by the LabVIEW program can be saved to file forming a growth pedigree for future use. Unattended automation can be achieved by designing a control system that monitors the growth in real-time and compares it with the data recorded from the LabVIEW program from the previous growth and adjusts the growth parameters automatically thereby growing accurate device structures.
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Ödlund, Erika. "Virtual instrumentation: Introduction of virtual." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8316.
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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the next large particle accelerator developed at CERN, constructed to enable studies of particles. The acceleration of the particles is carried out using magnets operating at about 1.9 K, a temperature achieved by regulating flow of superfluid helium. For economical reasons, control of the helium flow is based on feedback of virtual flow meter (VFT) estimates instead of real instrumentation.
The main purpose of this work is to develop a virtual flow meter with the possibility to estimate the flow by means of two different flow estimation methods; the Samson method that has previously been tested for the LHC, and the Sereg- Schlumberger method that has never before been implemented in this environment.
The virtual flow meters are implemented on PLCs using temperature and pressure measurements as input data, and a tool for generating the virtual flow meters and connect them to the appropriate physical instrumentation has also been developed.
The flow through a valve depends, among others, on some pressure and temperature dependent physical properties that are to be estimated with high accuracy. In this project, this is done by bilinear interpolation in twodimensional tables containing physical data, an approach that turned out to be more accurate than the previously used method with polynomial interpolation.
The flow measurement methods have been compared. Since they both derive from empirical studies rather than physical relations it is quite futile to find theoretical correspondencies, but the simulations of the mass flows can be compared. For low pressures, the results are fairly equal but they differ more for higher pressures. The methods have not been validated against true flow rates since there were no real measurements available before the end of this project.
Le Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (Large Hadron Collider, LHC) est le prochain grand accélérateur de particules du CERN, construit pour permettre l’étude des particules. L’accélération des particules sera réalisée en utilisant des aimants supraconducteurs qui fonctionneront à 1.9 K et la température sera régulée en contrôlant le débit d’hélium superfluide. Pour des raisons économiques, la régulation du débit d’hélium sera basée sur les réponses des estimations des débitmètres
virtuels (Virtual flow meters, VFT) au lieu d’instrumentation réelle.
Le but principal de ce projet est de développer un débitmètre virtuel qui estimera le débit avec deux méthodes différentes ; la méthode Samson qui a déjà été mise en oeuvre pour le LHC, et la méthode Sereg-Schlumberger qui n’a pas encore été implémentée dans cet environnement.
Les débitmètres virtuels seront implémentés sur des PLCs avec des mesures de température et de pression comme données d’entrée. De plus, un outil pour générer les débitmètres et les relier avec l’instrumentation physique adéquat a été développé.
Le débit à travers d’une vanne dépend entre autres des propriétés physiques qui dépendent à leur tour de la température et de la pression. Ces propriétés devront être estimées avec une grande précision. Dans ce projet, cela est fait en appliquant une interpolation bilinéaire dans des tableaux de deux dimensions. Cette méthode s’est montrée plus précise qu’avec une méthode d’interpolation polynomiale.
Les deux méthodes de mesures de débit ont été comparées. Elles dérivent toutes les deux des études empiriques et non physiques, alors les similarités théoriques sont donc peu pertinentes, mais les résultats des simulations des débits peuvent être comparés. Pour des pressions basses, les méthodes sont quasiment équivalentes, mais les différences sont plus importantes pour les pressions plus hautes. Étant donné qu’il n’y avait pas de mesures disponibles avant la fin de ce projet, les méthodes n’ont pas été validées avec des débits réels.
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Lee, Aizeret, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Radioastronomical instrumentation : the diagonal horn." THESIS_CSTE_EID_Lee_A.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/699.
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The horn plays an elemental role in the make up of a radio-telescope. The focus of this research is on one particular type of horn – the diagonal horn. An analysis of the diagonal horn is made using the Fourier method. The analysis begins from Maxwell’s equations, as the basic building block, and describes the steps involved in developing the radiation pattern. Based on the theory, a program was written that produces the theoretical graphs referred to throughout the thesis. A diagonal horn was manufactured and the radiation patterns were measured. A comparison of these measured patterns is made against the theoretically generated patterns. Further research was carried out to demonstrate the effects on the radiation patterns when the horn is fitted with a dielectric plug. This practice may enhance the directivity of the horn at the cost of introducing new lossesMaster of Engineering (Hons)
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Aplin, Karen Louise. "Instrumentation for atmospheric ion measurements." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326194.
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Anderson, Byron Keith. "Thermal Integrity Profiling Instrumentation Development." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2987.
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This thesis has shown that the development of the instrumentation necessary to provide in-situ thermal imaging for the determination of homogeneity of concrete is theoretically sound.
Drilled shafts are large diameter underground cast-in-place columns that necessarily rely on sound integrity to properly withstand imposed loadings. As a by-product of the most common construction techniques, the entire process is often completely blind whereby the excavation and concreting processes are conducted beneath the surface of the water table (or slurry level). This results in an inability to inspect the final product and in many cases allows anomalous inclusions (soil cave-ins, slurry pockets, etc) to go undetected especially when they are formed outside the steel reinforcing cage.
In an effort to gain verification of the as-built, below ground structure, numerous non-destructive test methods have been devised. Each of these methods have merits and drawbacks with regards to the full extent of the tested concrete volume. To further this cause, a new methodology was developed that uses the energy from hydrating concrete to assess the presence or absence of an intact concrete. Therein, the temperature generated by the curing concrete can be measured and correlated to the probable dimensions of the drilled shaft.
This thesis outlines the development of the instrumentation capable of making in-situ temperature measurement of drilled shafts to assure the homogeneity of concrete is acceptable. To that end, several configurations of instrumentation approach were tested on varying scales from small lab specimens to full-size field constructed drilled shafts. The bulk of this work was conducted several years before the completion of the thesis and has the benefit of noting later developments. For instance, this study was used to seed future research and led to subsequent FDOT and WSDOT (Washington State DOT) funded research for the express purpose of identifying capabilities of thermal testing in those states. Likewise, present day practice and use of the approach has also been documented.
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Zhu, Q. S. "Precision electrical impedance tomography instrumentation." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332494.
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Haynes, Roger. "Infrared fibres in astronomical instrumentation." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5402/.
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For several years multi-object spectroscopy systems have been available for carrying out survey work in the visible region, but until very recently there has not been a system for the near infrared region. This thesis describes the design, manufacture and commissioning of the first multi-object fibre system for near infrared spectroscopy. SMIRFS (Spectroscopic Multi-object Infrared Fibre System) is a prototype system that has been designed at the Department of Physics in Durham to couple the Cassegrain focus of the United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope (UKIRT) to a cooled long slit infrared spectrograph (CGS4). Two different fibre bundles are available, each containing 14 fibres. One bundle is made from zirconium fluoride fibres, for K band spectroscopy and the second bundle is made from silica fibres, for J and H band spectroscopy. During the design process of SMIRFS a number of issues were addressed. These included; the characteristics of infrared fibres, in particular their throughput and FRD, atmospheric features in the near infra-red and suitable sky subtraction techniques, fibre preparation and evaluation, the use of microlenses for coupling slow focal ratio beams with fibres, and the thermal emissions from the warm material of the instrument. These, along with the design, manufacture and testing of the SMIRFS are described in detail, including the fibre evaluation results and estimates for throughput, instrument thermal background derived from the commissioning run data. Finally, there is a brief discussion on the development of infrared fibre system for astronomy.
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Jomaa, Tarek Chaker. "Instrumentation electronics for biosensor applications." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344011.
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Wang, Jing Jing. "Apertureless SNOM : instrumentation and applications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424229.
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Bezerra, Eduardo Augusto. "Reconfigurable systems in space instrumentation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270505.
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Shah, Smita Niranjan. "Inspection and instrumentation of bridges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38754.
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Jones, Charles H. "A Futurist Vision for Instrumentation." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595757.
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ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NevadaFor those of us that are Trekies as well as techies, having Geordi's computer that can answer detailed system status questions in real time is something of a holy grail. Indeed, who doesn't like the idea of being able to ask a question and almost instantaneously get an answer? Fortunately, this basic functionality of being able to query an instrumentation system and have it return any level of detail about the system is within reach. Borrowing from another science fiction show, we might say: "We have the technology ..." The ability to network complex systems together - even to the point of having devices autonomously link into the system - is common place. Devices that can report their status, test themselves for failures, and self calibrate are also common. Certainly software interfaces into complex systems, including the graphics for hierarchical 3-D displays, can be created. Unfortunately, we do not currently have all of the different technologies needed for a fully automated instrumentation support system integrated into our particular domain. This paper looks at why we don't have this now and where we are in terms of getting there. This includes discussions of networking, metadata, smart instrumentation, standardization, the role manufacturers need to play, and a little historical perspective.
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Herbepin, Christian. "Flight Test Instrumentation Manager Software." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606200.
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ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper presents the Flight Test Instrumentation Manager Software application internally developed and used inside the Eurocopter Flight Test department. This fully integrated and user friendly tool covers the all management requirement for entire life cycle of the flight test instrumentation equipment and configuration, tracking all the main events: order, calibration, configuration, service and repair, final disposal. FTIManager serves as a central hub between the instrumentation team and the post processing and analysis teams.
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Abbott, Laird. "INSTRUMENTATION OF OPERATIONAL BOMBER AIRCRAFT." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607356.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaAirborne instrumentation used during flight tests is being installed and maintained in a unique way by operational bomber testers from the Air Force’s 53d Wing. The ability of the flight test community to test on operational aircraft has always been somewhat curtailed by the need for advanced forms of instrumentation. Operational fighter flight test squadrons have aircraft assigned to them, which they modify on as needed basis, much the same as developmental testers. However, bomber operational test units must use operational aircraft to accomplish their mission as there are no bombers in the Air Force’s Air Combat Command (ACC) specifically set aside for operational tests. During test missions, these units borrow aircraft from operational bomb wings, and then return them to service with the bomb wing after testing is complete. Yet, the requirement for instrumentation on these test missions is not much different than that of developmental testers. The weapon system engineer’s typically require Mil-Std-1553, video, telemetry, and Global Positioning System (GPS) Time-Space-Position-Information airborne receiver recordings. In addition, this data must be synchronized with an IRIG-B time code source, and recorded with the same precision as the data gathered during development test and evaluation (DT&E). As a result, several techniques have been developed, and instrumentation systems designed for these operational test units to incorporate instrumentation on operational aircraft. Several factors hamper the usual modification process in place at bases such as Edwards AFB and Eglin AFB. Primary among these is the requirement to maintain the aircraft in an operational configuration, and still meet all of the modification design safety criteria placed on the design team by the aircraft’s single manager. Secondary to the list of restrictions is modification time. Aircraft resources are stretched quite thin when one considers all of the bomb wing’s operational commitments. When they must release an aircraft for test missions, the testers must insure that schedule impacts are minimal. Therefore, these systems must install and de-install within one to two days and be completely portable. Placing holes in existing structures or adding new permanent structure is unacceptable. In addition, these aircraft must be capable of returning to combat ready status at any time. This paper centers on the B-52 bomber, and the active aircraft temporary modifications under control of the 49th Test Squadron (49 TESTS) at Barksdale AFB in Louisiana. The B-52 presents unique design challenges all its own, in addition to the general restrictions already mentioned. This paper will present the options that the 49 TESTS has successfully used to overcome the aforementioned restrictions, and provide an appropriate level of specialized instrumentation for its data collection requirements.
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Vargo, Timothy D. "RAPIDLY ADAPTABLE INSTRUMENTATION TESTER (RAIT)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608439.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaEmerging technologies in the field of "Test & Measurement" have recently enabled the development of the Rapidly Adaptable Instrumentation Tester (RAIT). Based on software developed with LabVIEW®, the RAIT design enables quick reconfiguration to test and calibrate a wide variety of telemetry systems. The consequences of inadequate testing could be devastating if a telemetry system were to fail during an expensive flight mission. Supporting both open-bench testing as well as automated test sequences, the RAIT has significantly lowered total time required to test and calibrate a system. This has resulted in an overall lower per unit testing cost than has been achievable in the past.
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Colangelo, Ronald. "PROGRAM MANAGEMENT FOR 2001 INSTRUMENTATION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608735.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe Hardened Subminiature Telemetry and Sensor System (HSTSS) is a model program; executing Department of Defense (DoD) initiatives, such as Acquisition Reform, Industry Partnering, and the use of Integrated Product Teams (IPT). HSTSS is using partnering because the expertise is spread across the industry, and integration is required to fabricate an instrumentation system that would meet tri-service test requirements. This paper will describe the programmatic and technical approaches being used to mitigate risk. In this paper key management strategies will be addressed. I will discuss the affect that the IPT process has had on HSTSS to make the program so successful. This paper will essentially discuss the acquisition strategy as it has evolved to mitigate obsolescence. The strategy has been influenced by acquisition streamlining , commercial technology and the limited production requirements. In this paper I will address how partnering and the use of commercial technology will reduce the program costs as well as the unit cost. The importance of working together within the services and sharing funds and technology to accomplish more with less will be addressed in this paper. This paper will address how we intend to deliver a low cost, microminiature, high g (100,000 g), modular instrumentation system. This instrumentation is to be used for indirect fire and direct fire projectiles and small missiles. Data is to be collected from launch to impact. The modules being developed will include but not be limited to batteries, transmitter, data acquisition chipset and a variety of sensors (pressure, spin rate, GPS, etc.).
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Whiteman, Don, and Greg Glen. "Compression Methods for Instrumentation Video." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611516.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaVideo compression is typically required to solve the bandwidth problems related to the transmission of instrumentation video. The use of color systems typically results in bandwidth requirements beyond the capabilities of current receiving and recording equipment. The HORACE specification, IRIG-210, was introduced as an attempt to provide standardization between government test ranges. The specification provides for video compression in order to alleviate the bandwidth problems associated with instrumentation video and is intended to assure compatibility, data quality, and performance of instrumentation video systems. This paper provides an overview of compression methods available for instrumentation video and summarizes the benefits of each method and the problems associated with different compression methods when utilized for instrumentation video. The affects of increased data link bit error rates are also discussed for each compression method. This paper also includes a synopsis of the current HORACE specification, a proposed Vector HORACE specification for color images and hardware being developed to meet both specifications.
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Faulstich, Raymond J. "COMMON AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM (CAIS)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613058.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / November 04-07, 1991 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaIn March, 1991 the Naval Air Test Center awarded a design, development and limited production contract to SCI Technology, Inc. for a Department of Defense (DoD) Common Airborne Instrumentation System (CAIS). This system is being developed to meet the flight test needs of the Air Force, Army and Navy into the 21 century. st The CAIS will be a time-division multiplexed data acquisition system comprised of a standard modular complement of hardware and software. These systems will be used on both existing and future aircraft. CAIS will not be airframe or weapon system dependent nor will its use be restricted to any Test and Evaluation activity. This paper describes the CAIS system as specified and proposed for implementation.
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Johnson, Brian. "TRENDS IN RANGE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614459.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaT&E range instrumentation systems of diverse designs are located throughout the United States. Used for testing of aircraft weapons systems and missiles these systems are large, expensive, and unique to each site. New technologies now emerging are making possible the construction of small, inexpensive range instrumentation systems of common design and significant capability. Using industry-standard bus designs and distributed general-purpose microprocessors, these systems, while still using existing instrumentation, will be able to provide growth flexibility that is not inherent in today’s monolithic architectures. This paper will review the design and capabilities of a few systems currently under construction as well as describe what can be expected in the immediate future of range instrumentation systems with the transponders using multilateration techniques for position location and message handling. Range instrumentation (RI) systems of various forms have been in place since the testing of weapons systems began. As the technology evolved computers became integral parts of these systems, significantly expanding their capabilities both from the standpoint of data capture and data analysis. That this evolution is continuing can be demonstrated by two RI systems currently under construction: A fixed-site tracking system and mobile tracking system (the Mobile Sea Range, MSR). While these new systems define the state-ofthe-art in computer-based RI systems, new technologies now evolving and the budget-conscious climate that is likely to continue for many years will require changes in our thinking of what an RI system should look like and how it will be maintained. What follows is a brief description of both these fixed and mobile RI systems, an analysis of RI trends, and a few recommendations of what can be done to improve future systems.
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Penharlow, David. "Advanced Instrumentation for Advanced Aircraft." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615036.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1988 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaAdvanced aircraft require sophisticated instrumentation system designs. New concepts incorporated in distributed data acquisition systems allow the flight test instrumentation engineer a selection of hardware with reduced size and weight, which requires minimal vehicle wiring between components. Improved accuracy and resolution are additional benefits of the distributed data acquisition systems described in this paper. These systems, currently being delivered by Aydin Vector for several major flight test programs, allow conditioning and encoding to be achieved near the sensors through a variety of remote units. The remote units for these applications differ as the measurement requirements and test program requirements differ. We will examine the distributed data acquisition systems used for several test vehicles and briefly describe vehicle for test program requirements which led to unique designs. The systems described for these applications are variations of the Aydin Vector ADAS-7000 System. The common element for these systems is the PMU-700 Programmable Master Encoder.
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McBride, Keith William. "Cosmic Ray Instrumentation and Simulations." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1620666030783043.
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Tingle, Jeremy Mark. "NMR imaging : instrumentation and techniques." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1992. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843892/.
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This thesis presents three original contributions to the field of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): The experimental framework and analysis for the measurement of a new imaging parameter to describe perfusion; The measurement and analysis of magnetic field inhomogeneity and a practical correction system for their reduction; A novel system for the synchronous control of NMR experiments based on the microprogrammed concept. The thesis begins with an introduction to the theory of NMR. The application of NMR to imaging is also introduced with emphasis on the techniques which developed into those in common use today. Inaccurate determination of the traditional NMR parameters (T1 and T2 and the molecular diffusion coefficient) can be caused by non-diffusive fluid movement within the sample. The experimental basis for determining a new imaging parameter - the Perfusion coefficient - is presented. This provides a measure of forced isotropic fluid motion through an organ or tissue. The instrumentation required for conducting NMR experiments is described in order to introduce the contribution made in this area during this research: A sequence controller. The controller is based on the concept of microprogramming and enables completely synchronous output of 128 bits of data. The software for the generation and storage of control data and the regulation of the data to provide experimental control is microcomputer based. It affords precise and accurate regulation of the magnetic field gradients, the rf synthesizer and the spectrometer for spectroscopic and imaging applications. Fundamental to the science of NMR is the presence of a magnetic field. A detailed study of the analysis of magnetic field inhomogeneity in terms of spherical harmonics is presented. The field of a whole body imaging system with poor inhomogeneity was measured and analyzed to determine and describe the components of the inhomogeneity. Finally a description is given of the design and application of practical methods for reducing the dominant inhomogeneities.
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Wang, Min. "Instrumentation astrophysique et optique active." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11018.
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Les optiques a reflexion totale sont necessaires pour les observations en euv, uv, ir et nir et sont generalement preferees dans le visible pour les grandes couvertures spectrales. Le cas des miroirs symetriques biaxiaux a ete etudie pour la correction de l'aberration hors-axe d'astigmatisme du 3eme ordre. La nouvelle solution proposee a ete optimisee par une flexion sans extension d'un modele tubulaire encastre a une des extremites d'un miroir menisque d'epaisseur constante. A. Baranne et g. Lemaitre ont propose une solution francaise au probleme du telescope mosaique en 1980. Dans le concept temos, le miroir primaire est spherique. Il est constitue de segments ayant un contour circulaire qu'il faut aligner sur un meme centre. La correction des aberrations est obtenue par une forte deformation active du miroir secondaire et un correcteur dioptrique place pres du foyer cassegrain. Un telescope prototype (le minitemos) a ete construit et evalue a l'observatoire de haute-provence. Pour la spectroscopie de haute resolution et des domaines spectraux moderes, l'investigation de reseaux concaves nous a menes a developper une matrice active, pouvant generer des reseaux toriques par la methode de replique. Comme ce spectrographe est reduit a une surface optique unique permettant d'accomplir simultanement la convergence des faisceaux, la dispersion et la correction d'aberration, il permet ainsi d'avoir une haute transmission comparee aux etudes catadioptriques plus conventionnelles. Les reseaux concaves corriges, de haute densite de traits, travaillant a une grande ouverture ont besoin d'etre compenses des aberrations hors-axe du 5eme ordre
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Pedurand, Richard. "Instrumentation for Thermal Noise Spectroscopy." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1356.
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La résolution des interféromètres gravitationnels est limitée par le mouvement Brownien - ou bruit thermique - de leurs miroirs dans la partie centrale de leur bande de détection, entre 10Hz et 1kHz. La répartition en fréquence de ce bruit thermique est dictée par les mécanismes de dissipation d'énergie mécanique à l'origine de cette vibration aléatoire, en accord avec le théorème fluctuation-dissipation. Cette dissipation provient principalement des revêtements optiques déposés sur les miroirs pour leur donner leur réflectivité. Dans le but de réduire le bruit thermique, une nouvelle génération de détecteurs d'ondes gravitationnelles employant des miroirs refroidis à température cryogénique a été proposée. Le développement de nouveaux matériaux optiques en couche mince à faible dissipation mécanique, opérant à la fois à température ambiante et température cryogénique, demande donc de nouveaux outils expérimentaux. L'objet principal de cette thèse est la construction d'un nouvel instrument, le CryoQPDI, qui consiste en l'association d'un interféromètre haute résolution et d'un cryostat basé sur un refroidisseur pulse tube. Il est capable de mesurer directement le mouvement Brownien d'un microlevier entre 300 K et 7 K. En combinant des mesures effectuées sur un microlevier avant et après le dépôt d'une couche mince, il est possible de caractériser la dissipation mécanique interne de cette couche mince. Cet instrument participera ainsi à l'optimisation des revêtements optiques des futurs interféromètres gravitationnels, dans le but de minimiser les nuisances dues au bruit thermiqueThe resolution limit of gravitational wave interferometers is set by their mirrors' Brownian motion – or thermal noise - in the central part of their detection band, from 10Hz to 1kHz. This thermal noise frequency distribution is given by the mechanical energy dissipation mechanisms it originates from, in agreement with the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. This dissipation mainly derives from the optical coatings deposited on the mirrors to give them their reflectivity. To reduce this thermal noise, a new generation of gravitational wave detectors employing mirrors cooled to cryogenic temperature has been suggested. The development of new optical thin-film materials with low mechanical dissipation, operating at both room and cryogenic temperatures, therefore requires new experimental tools. The main object of this thesis is the construction of a new instrument, the CryoQPDI, which is an association between a high-resolution interferometer and a cryostat based on a pulse tube cooler. It can directly measure the Brownian motion of a microcantilever between 300 K and 7 K. By combining measurements made on a microcantilever before and after the deposition of a thin film, it is possible to characterize the internal mechanical dissipation of this thin film. This instrument will eventually contribute to the optimisation of optical coatings of future gravitational wave detectors, aiming at minimizing the limitations due to thermal noise
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Pilson, Richard Ryan. "Automated Manufacture of Spinal Instrumentation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31278.
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Current scoliosis corrective surgeries may include the use of multiple instrumentation devices including screws, wires, nuts, and rods. The instrumentation in most cases is implemented in its native form. However, the instrumentation rods must be contoured to a desired shape prior to fixation to the spine. The contouring of the instrumentation rod is currently performed manually and may require significant time for completion. This results in an increase of operation time and reduced accuracy of the instrumentation rod. The feasibility of automating the contouring process was studied to determine if the time required to contour a rod could be reduced and if the accuracy of the rod could be improved.
This study built upon a previous effort to construct a prototype that would automate the manufacture of spinal instrumentation rods. The Spinal Instrumentation Bending Prototype (SIBP) focused on ease of use, time of manufacture, and accuracy. In order to complete the manufacturing process, the current SIBP uses a set of three dimensional control points that represent the desired contour of the rod. These control points are translated into manufacturing inputs that control the SIBP. The control application for the SIBP contains local and global feedback routines that correct for any manufacturing errors. A comparative study was made between the SIBP and an experienced orthopedic surgeon to determine the level of bending accuracy improvement.Master of Science
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Lee, Aizeret. "Radioastronomical instrumentation : the diagonal horn." Thesis, View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/699.
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The horn plays an elemental role in the make up of a radio-telescope. The focus of this research is on one particular type of horn – the diagonal horn. An analysis of the diagonal horn is made using the Fourier method. The analysis begins from Maxwell’s equations, as the basic building block, and describes the steps involved in developing the radiation pattern. Based on the theory, a program was written that produces the theoretical graphs referred to throughout the thesis. A diagonal horn was manufactured and the radiation patterns were measured. A comparison of these measured patterns is made against the theoretically generated patterns. Further research was carried out to demonstrate the effects on the radiation patterns when the horn is fitted with a dielectric plug. This practice may enhance the directivity of the horn at the cost of introducing new losses
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Lee, Aizeret. "Radioastronomical instrumentation : the diagonal horn /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031003.112749/index.html.
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Lim, Choon Hau. "Instrumentation & Control Facility upgrade." Thesis, Lim, Choon Hau (2009) Instrumentation & Control Facility upgrade. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/3233/.
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The Instrumentation & Control Facility provides an environment for Murdoch University engineering students to learn scientific knowledge and technological skills so they can monitor and improve computer based engineering systems. The students will have the opportunity to explore technologies for controlling a range of industrial processes such as programmable logic controllers (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA).
The purpose of this thesis project is to improve the operation of the Instrumentation & Control Facility through the following goals. The first goal was to include 2 new workstations. The second goal was to implement a more structured Master I/O Server. The third goal was to improve the online webpages which are used by the students in the facility. The fourth goal was to improve the error messages that pop-up within the Experimental Template program. The fifth goal was to implement a fieldbus where Profibus sensors were introduced through the implementation of a Profibus network. When completed, students that are using the Instrumentation & Control Facility will have the opportunity to learn more about Profibus networks and will be able to conduct experiments that utilize the Profibus sensors. All of these goals will enable students to more easily set up experiments when problem solve when these experiments do not work.
One of the upgrades to the Instrumentation & Control Facility Project is to introduce two new water tanks that use a Profibus network, which will replace the conventional 4-20mA transmitters. The major difference between these tanks and the previous tanks is the method of measuring the level of water. The new tanks use a differential pressure measurement device. These devices must first be calibrated before they are installed. The purpose of introducing the Profibus Network is to allow students to learn about the functionality of these Fieldbus networks. The knowledge gained by the students using the facility will help them become fully qualified Instrumentation & Control engineers in industry.
The thesis project is divided into 3 phases: the Design phase, the Implementation phase, the Testing and Commissioning phase. The Design phase focuses on generation of up-to-date wiring diagrams, creating questionnaires and listing items of hardware nature. Manuals for Profibus PA, Profibus DP, DP/PA coupler and other components that were used were reviewed as part of the Literature Review to gain understanding and familiarise with the components and the tasks at hand. In the Implementation phase, assembly of the components plus setting up the 2 new workstations and assembly of the components plus setting up the Profibus network were carried out. In addition, the Master I/O Server was modified to allow connection via the the INAT OPC server of the Profibus PLC to the Master I/O Server.
Extension of the work is also discussed in this thesis. This includes the development of a Profibus PLC program for the software. Also discussed is the fact that the structure of the Master I/O Server and Experimental Template require modification to more easily read and change the program.
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Ho, I.-Pin. "Instrumentation for Multi-Electrode Voltammetry." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1141.
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When metal pollutants exist in natural water, their toxicity is dramatically dependent on the chemical species. Numerous sophisticated techniques and instruments have been developed to detect metal pollutants at very low concentration levels. However, one important factor is often ignored, i.e., rarely is species determination required. Electrochemical (EC) methods have the particular advantage of being, in principle, a species-sensitive method rather than an element-sensitive method for the study of metal speciation in natural waters.
The goal of this research was to develop an instrument using the EC technique for speciation and general voltammetric studies. It was accomplished by designing a flow-through EC cell containing multi-electrodes to which various fixed potentials over a selected range were applied. A special potentiostat was designed to supply a selected potential to each electrode in the cell. Potential control was provided by placing a combined counter-reference electrode at circuit ground and connecting each working electrode to the inverting input of a current follower which had a potential applied to its non-inverting input from two digital-to-analog converters and a resistor network. Integrating current followers were used for measuring signal currents generated by the electrolytes samples on each electrode. A multiplexing circuit, including an analog-to-digital converter, was used to fulfill data acquisition. These circuits were interfaced to a computer and the readout was a pseudo-voltammogram which is a plot of amperometric currents versus various applied fixed potentials on each electrode. Details of the instrumentation, software, and some initial results are described.
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Brown, David Gerald. "Instrumentation for parallel magnetic resonance imaging." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4784.
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Parallel magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be used to increase either the
throughput or the speed of the MR imaging experiment. As such, parallel imaging may
be accomplished either through a "parallelization" of the MR experiment, or by the use
of arrays of sensors. In parallelization, multiple MR scanners (or multiple sensors) are
used to collect images from different samples simultaneously. This allows for an
increase in the throughput, not the inherent speed, of the MR experiment. Parallel
imaging with arrays of sensor coils, on the other hand, makes use of the spatial
localization properties of the sensors in an imaging array to allow a reduction in the
number of phase encodes required in acquiring an image. This reduced phase-encoding
requirement permits an increase in the overall imaging speed by a factor up to the
number of sensors in the imaging array. The focus of this dissertation has been the
development of cost-effective instrumentation that would enable advances in the state of
the art of parallel MR imaging.
First, a low-cost desktop MR scanner was developed (< $13,000) for imaging small
samples (2.54 cm fields-of view) at low magnetic field strengths (< 0.25 T). The
performance of the prototype was verified through bench-top measurements and
phantom imaging. The prototype transceiver has demonstrated an SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) comparable to that of a commercial MR system. This scanner could make
parallelization of the MR experiment a practical reality, at least in the areas of small
animal research and education.
A 64-channel receiver for parallel MR imaging with arrays of sensors was also
developed. The receiver prototype was characterized through both bench-top tests and
phantom imaging. The parallel receiver is capable of simultaneous reception of up to
sixty-four, 1 MHz bandwidth MR signals, at imaging frequencies from 63 to 200 MHz,
with an SNR performance (on each channel) comparable to that of a single-channel
commercial MR receiver. The prototype should enable investigation into the speed
increases obtainable from imaging with large arrays of sensors and has already been
used to develop a new parallel imaging technique known as single echo acquisition
(SEA) imaging.
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Kaushal, Seema. "Automating the instrumentation in distributed applications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39838.pdf.
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Pang, Tingfan. "Instrumentation to measure FWDA tractor performance." Connect to resource, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1200587590.
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Aldridge, Paul K. "Spectroscopic instrumentation for process analytical chemistry /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8512.
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Tran, Denis. "Instrumentation and ultrasound for epidural anesthesia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27488.
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Lumbar epidural anesthesia is used for alleviating the pain of labor and for surgery. Here, a catheter is threaded through a Tuohy needle that is traditionally inserted using the loss-of-resistance technique to confirm entry into the epidural space.
This research begins with a study of the loss-of-resistance through instrumentation. Sensors measure 1)the force applied at the plunger by the anesthesiologist, 2)the pressure at the needle tip and 3)the position of the plunger relative to the syringe. The “feel” in different tissues is quantified for porcine subjects ex vivo and human subjects in vivo.
A vertebra counting protocol is developed to identify the desired vertebral interspaces. Ultrasound is then used to measure anatomical distances such as the distance between the skin and ligamentum flavum and surrogate measures compared to the actual needle insertion depth. Good correlation is only found between skin-to-ligamentum flavum and the actual needle insertion depth.
Next, a real-time in-plane ultrasound technique is developed with a needle guide fixing the needle trajectory to the ultrasound transducer. This allows the anesthesiologist to guide the insertion of the epidural needle as an “aim-and-insert” method. In 18 of 19 subjects, the procedure was successfully performed.
The key limitation of ultrasound in this application is the image quality that inhibits interpretation of the images. A median-based spatial compounding with warping is performed to align the anatomical features of different beam-steered images and combine them to obtain a single enhanced image. This method is tested on image sets of phantoms and lumbar anatomy of 23 human subjects and shows a significant improvement in noise reduction and clarity.
Another limitation is the interpretation of ultrasounds of the spinal anatomy requires understanding of ultrasound. An automatic detection algorithm is developed based on the experienced sonographer’s method of detecting the ligamentum flavum in ultrasounds. This novel method is tested on ultrasounds of the lumbar anatomy in 20 human subjects and shows the method successfully detects the ligamentum flavum in 34 of 39 cases.
The main conclusion is that specialized ultrasound tools and protocols are needed to accomodate the range of patients and levels of experience of practitioners.
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Williams, Iwan Gwyn. "Hand-held instrumentation for environmental monitoring." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262544.
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Martindale, Adrian. "Novel X-ray instrumentation for astronomy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/3964.
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This thesis describes experimental and theoretical work and technology development directed towards the next generation of X-ray astronomical instrumentation. A great heritage exists of instruments which are sensitive to X-rays which operate on board space based observatories. The next generation of such telescopes will take advantage of the rapid technology advancement of the last four decades of more accurately observe the universe and give greater insight into the objects within it, how they formed and how they will evolve. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the investigation of extremely high speed microchannel plate detectors capable of counting individual photons with a timing accuracy of a few tens of picoseconds (1 ps = 10-12s)at extremely high spatial resolution. Although many early X-ray astronomical instruments were based on MCP detectors, it is only recent manufacturing improvements which have enabled the production of such small pore diameters, enabling the unparalleled temporal and spatial resolution. Prospects for future application exist in fields as diverse as X-ray and ultraviolet astronomy and the life sciences. Chapters 4 and 5 report the testing of Microchannel plates as low mass X-ray optics where the development of square pore geometrics has made true imaging MCP telescopes possible. Two flight programs are identified as areas where such optics will provide tangible benefits: These are BepiColombo, a European mission to the planet Mercury which will contain the first ever imaging X-raytelescope on a planetary science mission and Lobster-ISS, a wide field of view telescope for X-ray astronomy which will provide coverage of, almost, the whole sky every 90 minute orbit. Testing reported herein finds that the manufacturing techniques are maturing to a point where they can exceed the <5 arcmin resolution required for these missions. Chapters 6 and 7 comprise a description of a completely novel X-ray polarimeter. For the past three decades, little or now progress has been made in the field of X-ray astrophysical polarimetry owing to the lack of suitable instrumentation, this is despite intense scientific interest in such measurements. A simple optical design for a polarimeter is made possible using highly ordered materials which exhibit dichroism at fixed, narrow energy bands, for the first time allowing simultaneous measurement of ALL astronomically pertinent observables. The areas of science influenced by these three areas of instrument development are shown to be very broad, including; astrophysics and cosmology, planetary science, life sciences, nano-science and even fundamental chemistry.
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Corns, Warren Thomas. "New approaches to automated analytical instrumentation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2194.
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