Journal articles: 'Instrumental function'

1

Wachter, R. "Instrumental Response Function for Filtergraph Instruments." Solar Physics 251, no. 1-2 (May 30, 2008): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-008-9197-5.

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Zuev, A. D. "Calculation of the instrumental function in X-ray powder diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 39, no. 3 (May 10, 2006): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889806005693.

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A new method for calculating the total instrumental function of a conventional Bragg–Brentano diffractometer has been developed. The method is based on an exact analytical solution, derived from diffraction optics, for the contribution of each incident ray to the intensity registered by a detector of limited size. Because an incident ray is determined by two points (one is related to the source of the X-rays and the other to the sample) the effects of the coupling of specific instrumental functions, for example, equatorial and axial divergence instrumental functions, are treated together automatically. The intensity at any arbitrary point of the total instrumental profile is calculated by integrating the intensities over two simple rectangular regions: possible point positions on the source and possible point positions on the sample. The effects of Soller slits, a monochromator and sample absorption can also be taken into account. The main difference between the proposed method and the convolutive approach (in which the line profile is synthesized by convolving the specific instrumental functions) lies in the fact that the former provides an exact solution for the total instrumental function (exact solutions for specific instrumental functions can be obtained as special cases), whereas the latter is based on the approximations for the specific instrumental functions, and their coupling effects after the convolution are unknown. Unlike the ray-tracing method, in the proposed method the diffracted rays contributing to the registered intensity are considered as combined (part of the diffracted cone) and, correspondingly, the contribution to the instrumental line profile is obtained analytically for this part of the diffracted cone and not for a diffracted unit ray as in ray-tracing simulations.

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Popović, Maja, Jelena Potočnik, Nenad Bundaleski, and Zlatko Rakočević. "Instrumental function of the SPECS XPS system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 398 (May 2017): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.02.071.

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Middeke, Kirsten. "Sōþes ne wanda. The Avoidance is Separation Metaphor in West-Germanic Argument Structure." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 70, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 223–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2022-2069.

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Abstract In this paper I reconstruct two separative argument structure constructions for West Germanic: one involving a genitive of origin and one involving an instrumental in the process of being subsumed under the dative. Although neither genitives nor instrumentals/datives are typically used to refer to literal origins in space in any of the languages under consideration, a number of verbs attested with genitives and instrumentals/datives can be semantically related to each other as expressing different metaphorical extensions from the concept of separation. The fact that the expression of spatial origin itself is not a function of the genitive or the instrumental/dative can be explained diachronically with reference to a common evolutionary scenario in which adpositional phrases replace bare-case constructions in their concrete, spatial functions before they take over their derived, more abstract senses. The alternation between genitives, instrumentals/datives and separative prepositions is best modelled as a constructeme, a schema with various allostructions.

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Grygiel, Marcin. "Narzędnik afirmacji w wybranych językach słowiańskich." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 (September 25, 2015): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2012.008.

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Instrumental of affirmation in selected Slavic languagesIn the present article I argue that apart from the genitive of negation, Slavic also makes use of the instrumental of affirmation – but its recognition requires a more sophisticated, function-oriented analytic model, firmly grounded in the real linguistic usage and sensitive to semantic conditioning – such as cognitive semantics. The discussion offered seems to suggest that the Slavic instrumental is an inherently affirmative case, as opposed to genitive which has specialized in expressing partition, disjunction and negation, e.g. compare Pol. ciasto z orzechami/ Srb. kolač sa orasima ‘a cake with nuts INSTR’ vs. Pol. ciasto bez orzechów/ Srb. kolač bez oraha ‘a cake without nuts GEN’. Furthermore, because of its semantic properties, the instrumental case is attracted by positive contexts and acts as an intensifier of affirmation. Slavic instrumentals can be classified, on the basis of the positive meanings they imply, as instrumentals of completeness, instrumentals of conjunction and instrumentals of existence. The proposed semantic classification becomes more refined when image-schemas of CONTAINER, PATH, SURFACE and conceptual metaphors related to the physical relation of COVERAGE are included in the model.

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Chetverikov, Denis, Dongwoo Kim, and Daniel Wilhelm. "Nonparametric Instrumental-Variable Estimation." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 18, no. 4 (December 2018): 937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1801800411.

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In this article, we introduce the commands npiv and npivcv, which implement nonparametric instrumental-variable (NPIV) estimation methods without and with a cross-validated choice of tuning parameters, respectively. Both commands can impose the constraint that the resulting estimated function is monotone. Using such a shape restriction may significantly improve the performance of the NPIV estimator (Chetverikov and Wilhelm, 2017, Econometrica 85: 1303–1320) because the ill-posedness of the NPIV estimation problem leads to unconstrained estimators that suffer from particularly poor statistical properties such as high variance. However, the constrained estimator that imposes the monotonicity significantly reduces variance by removing nonmonotone oscillations of the estimator. We provide a small Monte Carlo experiment to study the estimators’ finite-sample properties and an application to the estimation of gasoline demand functions.

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Yusikova, Olena. "Attributive function of the instrumental case in the dialects of Transcarpathia (determinant position)." IVAN OHIIENKO AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE AND EDUCATION SCHOLARLY PAPERS PHILOLOGY, no. 18 (December 29, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-7086.2021-18-2.60-65.

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The article clarifi es the structural and semantic features of the attributive in the form of the instrumental case in the dialects of the Transcarpathia region. In the article is highlighting the formal syntactic features and semantic manifesta-tions of the peripheral zone of attributiveness, namely, adverbial attributives with the semantics of the mode of action in the form of the instrumental case. The aim of our work is to trace the semantic-syntactic function of attributive syntaxes in the form of the instrumental case. One of the dominant functions of the instru-mental case within the fi eld of attributivity is the function of relative attributive-ness, in particular the attributive function of determinants.Attributiveness of syntaxes of the instrumental case in the determinant posi-tion is determined by the typicality or repetition of the described situations, such syntaxes together with the dependent components often acquire the features of phraseology. Within the attributive component in the form of the instrumental determinant we distinguish groups, among which: temporal and locative, target characteristics, characteristics of the cause.The instrumental attributive-temporal and attributive-locative are the result of syntactic transposition into the adverbial position of individual sentence struc-tures of typical, repetitive locative or temporal semantics. A group of attributive-causal syntaxes of the instrumental case also has a wide range of semantic nuances in the studied dialects.Attributes in the form of the instrumental case in the studied dialects character-ize a wide range of diff erent actions, situations and retain semantic and morpho-logical connections with the original word forms, phrases and sentences. They can be synonymous with nouns in other indirect cases or with verb constructions in the form of subordinate clauses. The prospect of the study is a complete description of the attributive functions of the instrumental case within the fi eld of attribution on the material of diff erent dialect systems of the Ukrainian language.

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Alvarez, J. M., and J. A. Valles. "Determination of a Fabry-Perot multipass interferometer instrumental function." Applied Optics 28, no. 12 (June 15, 1989): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.28.002191.

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Omorodion, S. N. E., and A. E. Hamielec. "Evaluation of Newly Proposed Instrumental Spreading Shape Function (ISF)." Journal of Liquid Chromatography 12, no. 7 (May 1989): 1155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918908049498.

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10

Bettens, Kim, Floris L. Wuyts, and Kristiane M. Van Lierde. "Instrumental assessment of velopharyngeal function and resonance: A review." Journal of Communication Disorders 52 (November 2014): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.05.004.

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11

Gateshki, Milen, Detlef Beckers, and Vladimir Kogan. "Instrumental effects in laboratory pair distribution function (PDF) analysis." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a2 (August 18, 2019): e696-e696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319088600.

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12

Gorshelev, Aleksei, Ivan Eremchev, Sergei Kulik, Andrei Naumov, Evgeniy Vorontsov, Vladimir Volostnikov, and Svetlana Kotova. "The study of a new family of phase masks for three-dimensional fluorescence nanoscopy." EPJ Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819004007.

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The question of the axial coordinate determination accuracy is quite sophisticated in far field 3D fluorescence nanoscopy. The accuracy of a point emitter axial coordinate reconstruction depends among other things on the conversion efficiency of the phase mask and the microscope objective instrumental function. It was found that the instrumental functions of different microscope objectives differ significantly from each other, most have a strongly non-uniform spatial distribution of the radiation intensity in a parallel beam created by an objective focused on a point emitter. It was shown that taking into account the actual microscope objective instrumental function when calculating the phase masks allows to increase significantly the axial coordinate reconstruction accuracy.

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13

Michaelian, K. H., and W. I. Friesen. "Deconvolution of Instrumental Broadening in Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 8 (November 1988): 1538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884429571.

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The resolution enhancement of instrumentally broadened Raman spectra using neon emission lines as instrument functions is considered in this paper. When the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high, Fourier deconvolution is effective in reducing the instrumental broadening to the optical limit, provided that the instrument function is narrower than the individual widths of the overlapping bands. If this is not the case, a nonlinear iterative technique is required. As an example, the v1, band of CCl4 has been measured at various slit widths and deconvolved with the appropriate neon lines; for comparison, the computations have also been performed with Gaussian approximations to the true instrument functions.

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Moras, K., A. H. Fischer, H. Klein, and H. J. Bunge. "Experimental determination of the instrumental transparency function of texture goniometers." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 4 (August 1, 2000): 1162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800007251.

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The instrumental transparency functions of five commercially available texture goniometers were measured experimentally with six monocrystalline samples cut in different orientations from a large highly perfect silicon crystal with a rocking curve of less than 0.01°. Transparency functions were measured in steps of 0.02 to 0.2° in the pole-figure angles α, β. The window size Δα depends on the Bragg angle θ in the form 1/sinθ; the window size Δω is constant for each goniometer. The dominant instrumental parameter determining the long axis Δα of the pole-figure window is the axial width of the detector entrance slit. This parameter is smallest for area detectors (smaller by more than an order of magnitude compared with conventional scintillation detectors as well as one-dimensional position-sensitive detectors). The main features of the pole-figure window and their dependence on the instrumental parameters can be deduced fairly well from a simple geometrical model. The particular shapes of the transparency functions of the studied goniometers are markedly different. Particularly, they are not very well represented by Gauss functions. The two-dimensional transparency function can be fairly well characterized by its α and β profiles. The normalized profiles are virtually independent of the goniometer angles 2θ and α. The increasing size of the pole-figure window with decreasing θ puts a lower limit on the Bragg angle below which pole-figure measurement ceases to be meaningful.

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15

Ida, T., H. Hibino, and H. Toraya. "Peak profile function for synchrotron X-ray diffractometry." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889800021105.

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A formula of the instrumental function for a high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffractometer, equipped with a flat crystal analyser and a set of Soller slits for limiting the axial divergence of the diffracted beam, has been derived. The formula incorporates the effects of (i) the axial divergence of the diffracted beam limited by the Soller slits, (ii) the Bragg angle of the flat crystal analyser, and (iii) the tilt angle defined as the deviation of the normal direction of the analyser face from the goniometer plane. The model profile function given by the convolution of a Lorentzian function with the instrumental function has been applied to fit the experimental diffraction peak profiles of standard Si powder (NIST SRM640b) measured with a high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffractometer, MDS, on beamline BL4B2 at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba. The convolution has been calculated by applying an efficient algorithm for numerical integration. The profile function reproduces not only the experimental profiles measured with a well aligned crystal analyser, but also significantly distorted profiles arising from misalignment of the analyser, withRpvalues within 1.4%, by varying only the instrumental parameter for the tilt angle. It is suggested that further convolution with a Gaussian distribution is practically not necessary for the model instrumental function to fit the data collected with MDS. More rapid computation can be achieved by applying an analytical formula of the profile function, when the tilt angle of the crystal analyser is within about 0.2°.

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Ida, T., and H. Toraya. "Deconvolution of the instrumental functions in powder X-ray diffractometry." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 1 (January 22, 2002): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801018945.

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A novel method to deconvolute the instrumental aberration functions from the experimental powder X-ray data has been developed. The method is based on the combination of scale transformation, interpolation of data and fast Fourier transformation. The effects of axial divergence, flat specimen, sample transparency and spectroscopic profile of the source X-ray are eliminated from the entire observed diffraction pattern in three-step operations. The errors in the deconvoluted data propagated from the statistical uncertainty in the source data are approximated by the reciprocal of the square root of the correlation between the reciprocal of the variance in the source data and the squared instrumental function. The deconvolution of the instrumental aberration functions enables automatic correction of peak shift and line broadening, and supplies narrow and symmetric peak profiles for a well crystallized sample, which can be fitted by a simple model function. It will be useful in preparatory data processing for precise line profile analysis, accurate determination of lattice parameters and whole pattern fitting for crystal structure analysis.

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Chernyshov, Dmitry, Vadim Dyadkin, Hermann Emerich, Gleb Valkovskiy, Charles J. McMonagle, and Wouter van Beek. "On the resolution function for powder diffraction with area detectors." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, no. 5 (August 27, 2021): 497–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273321007506.

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In a powder diffraction experiment the resolution function defines the instrumental contribution to the peak widths as a function of the Bragg angle. The Caglioti formula is frequently applied to model the instrumental broadening and used in structural refinement. The parameters in the Caglioti formula are linked to physically meaningful parameters for most diffraction geometries. However, this link is lost for the now very popular powder diffraction geometry using large 2D area detectors. Here we suggest a new physical model for the instrumental broadening specifically developed for powder diffraction data measured with large 2D area detectors. The model is verified using data from two synchrotron diffraction beamlines with the Pilatus2M and MAR345 detectors. Finally, a functional form is proposed to replace the Caglioti formula for this geometry in the Rietveld method and profile refinements.

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Perry, Jamie, and Graham Schenck. "Instrumental Assessment in Cleft Palate Care." Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders 23, no. 2 (October 2013): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/ssod23.2.49.

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Despite advances in surgical management, it is estimated that 20–30% of children with repaired cleft palate will continue to have hypernasal speech and require a second surgery to create normal velopharyngeal function (Bricknell, McFadden, & Curran, 2002; Härtel, Karsten, & Gundlach, 1994; McWilliams, 1990). A qualitative perceptual assessment by a speech-language pathologist is considered the most important step of the evaluation for children with resonance disorders (Peterson-Falzone, Hardin-Jones, & Karnell, 2010). Direct and indirect instrumental analyses should be used to confirm or validate the perceptual evaluation of an experienced speech-language pathologist (Paal, Reulbach, Strobel-Schwarthoff, Nkenke, & Schuster, 2005). The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of current instrumental assessment methods used in cleft palate care. Both direct and indirect instrumental procedures will be reviewed with descriptions of the advantages and disadvantages of each. Lastly, new developments for evaluating velopharyngeal structures and function will be provided.

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Hu, Yingyao, and Ji-Liang Shiu. "NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION USING INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES: SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR COMPLETENESS." Econometric Theory 34, no. 3 (June 19, 2017): 659–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466617000251.

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This paper provides sufficient conditions for the nonparametric identification of the regression function $m\left( \cdot \right)$ in a regression model with an endogenous regressor x and an instrumental variable z. It has been shown that the identification of the regression function from the conditional expectation of the dependent variable on the instrument relies on the completeness of the distribution of the endogenous regressor conditional on the instrument, i.e., $f\left( {x|z} \right)$. We show that (1) if the deviation of the conditional density $f\left( {x|{z_k}} \right)$ from a known complete sequence of functions is less than a sequence of values determined by the complete sequence in some distinct sequence $\left\{ {{z_k}:k = 1,2,3, \ldots } \right\}$ converging to ${z_0}$, then $f\left( {x|z} \right)$ itself is complete, and (2) if the conditional density $f\left( {x|z} \right)$ can form a linearly independent sequence $\{ f( \cdot |{z_k}):k = 1,2, \ldots \}$ in some distinct sequence $\left\{ {{z_k}:k = 1,2,3, \ldots } \right\}$ converging to ${z_0}$ and its relative deviation from a known complete sequence of functions under some norm is finite then $f\left( {x|z} \right)$ itself is complete. We use these general results to provide specific sufficient conditions for completeness in three different specifications of the relationship between the endogenous regressor x and the instrumental variable $z.$

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Jianwang, Hong, Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza, and Jorge de J. Lozoya Santos. "Combing Instrumental Variable and Variance Matching for Aircraft Flutter Model Parameters Identification." Shock and Vibration 2019 (October 21, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4296091.

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When the observed input-output data are corrupted by the observed noises in the aircraft flutter stochastic model, we need to obtain the more exact aircraft flutter model parameters to predict the flutter boundary accuracy and assure flight safety. So, here we combine the instrumental variable method in system identification theory and variance matching in modern spectrum theory to propose a new identification strategy: instrumental variable variance method. In the aircraft flutter stochastic model, after introducing instrumental variable to develop a covariance function, a new criterion function, composed by a difference between the theory value and actual estimation value of the covariance function, is established. Now, the new criterion function based on the covariance function can be used to identify the unknown parameter vector in the transfer function form. Finally, we apply this new instrumental variable variance method to identify the transfer function in one electrical current loop of flight simulator and aircraft flutter model parameters. Several simulation experiments have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this paper.

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Li Linlu, 李林璐, 王智峰 Wang Zhifeng, and 李长军 Li Changjun. "Optimum Weighting Table Method Based on Asymmetric Triangular Instrumental Function." Acta Optica Sinica 40, no. 5 (2020): 0520002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.0520002.

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Masson, O., E. Dooryhée, Robert W. Cheary, and Andrew N. Fitch. "Instrumental Resolution Function of the ESRF Powder Diffraction Beamline BM16." Materials Science Forum 378-381 (October 2001): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.378-381.300.

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Bishop, Kelly C., and Christopher Timmins. "Estimating the marginal willingness to pay function without instrumental variables." Journal of Urban Economics 109 (January 2019): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2018.11.006.

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Balleine, Bernard W., Mimi Liljeholm, and Sean B. Ostlund. "The integrative function of the basal ganglia in instrumental conditioning." Behavioural Brain Research 199, no. 1 (April 2009): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.10.034.

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Florens, Jean-Pierre, Jan Johannes, and Sébastien Van Bellegem. "IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION BY PENALIZATION IN NONPARAMETRIC INSTRUMENTAL REGRESSION." Econometric Theory 27, no. 3 (October 12, 2010): 472–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646661000037x.

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The nonparametric estimation of a regression function from conditional moment restrictions involving instrumental variables is considered. The rate of convergence of penalized estimators is studied in the case where the regression function is not identified from the conditional moment restriction. We also study the gain of modifying the penalty in the estimation, considering derivatives in the penalty. We analyze the effect of this modification on the identification of the regression function and the rate of convergence of its estimator.

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Booksh, Karl S., and Bruce R. Kowalski. "Calibration method choice by comparison of model basis functions to the theoretical instrumental response function." Analytica Chimica Acta 348, no. 1-3 (August 1997): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(96)00604-6.

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Sentenac, D., A. N. Shalaginov, A. Fera, and W. H. de Jeu. "On the instrumental resolution in X-ray reflectivity experiments." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899014272.

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A general method to describe the instrumental resolution function for grazing-angle X-ray scattering experiments is presented. A resolution function {\scr R} is introduced as the Gaussian joint-distribution function of the (interdependent) random deviationq′ associated with the wavevector transferq. Useful expressions for the mean square values ofq′ are derived for some common scattering geometries, such as rocking scans, and scans out of the plane of incidence. The mean square values related to the incident beam dispersion and the detector acceptance angles are included in the treatment of {\scr R}. As an example, {\scr R} is incorporated in the calculation of the diffuse scattering from free-standing smectic films within the framework of the first Born approximation and the main resolution effects are discussed.

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Mazur, M. M., V. I. Pustovoit, Yu A. Suddenok, and V. N. Shorin. "Acousto-Optic Monochromator with a Controlled Width of The Instrumental Function." Физические основы приборостроения 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25210/jfop-1802-020037.

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Troitskiĭ, Yu V. "Ultimate sensitivity of a reflection interferometer with a noninverted instrumental function." Optics and Spectroscopy 97, no. 4 (October 2004): 650–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1813711.

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Ferry, A., and P. Jacobsson. "Curve Fitting and Deconvolution of Instrumental Broadening: A Simulated Annealing Approach." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 3 (March 1995): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953963643.

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A curve-fitting procedure based on the simulated annealing algorithm has been developed for the analysis of spectral Raman data. By the inclusion of a priori information about the instrumental broadening in the definition of the cost function that is minimized, effects of the finite instrumental resolution are eliminated from the resulting fit. The ability of the method to reproduce original band shapes is tested on synthesized spectra and FT-Raman spectra of diamond recorded at different resolutions with different apodization functions. The procedure yields the global optimum of the fitted parameters and is easily implemented on a personal computer.

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Ratajczak, Zofia. "Time in creating human situation. On the regulatory function of time." Educational Psychology 54, no. 12 (December 31, 2017): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7860.

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The article dwells on the role of time in regulating human behaviour. A twofold role (subjective and objective) of time was shown in the context of activity theory by Tomaszewski. The twofold role of time is a reflection of a character of a task-oriented situation. Time, being a fundamental objective condition of action, has both autotelic and instrumental values. Human behaviour in a given situation depends on an ability to use the time as a creator of actions as well as a destructive factor, leading to difficult situations. When analyzing behaviour, both instrumental and autotelic characters of time should be taken into account.

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Van Veen, Eric H., M. Pieter Goudzwaard, Margaretha T. C. De Loos-Vollebregt, and Leo De Galan. "Fourier Deconvolution of Overlapping Line Pairs in Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 1 (January 1989): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894202049.

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A deconvolution procedure utilizing Fourier transformation has been developed to reduce line overlap in ICP-AES. Line broadening is caused by physical processes and by instrumental broadening. Convenient deconvolution, however, turns out to be restricted to broadening common to the emission lines in the spectral window, i.e., to instrumental broadening. Deconvolution for the “true” instrumental broadening function and for a Gaussian approximation to this function yields similar results, but the former allows for fast automated data processing with regard to any spectral region and sample composition. A straightforward procedure is reported for the determination of this function independent of wavelength. At the present noise level, a twofold reduction in linewidth can be achieved for emission lines having a small physical width in comparison to the instrumental width. With data acquired from both a high- and a medium-resolution monochromator, results from overlapping line pairs show linear analytical curves and improved detection limits. Due to the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio on deconvolution, the detection limits measured for isolated lines cannot be attained.

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Cunningham, Patrick J., and Matthew A. Franchek. "An Instrumental Variable Method for Continuous-Time Transfer Function Model Identification With Application to Controller Auto-Tuning." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 129, no. 2 (July 14, 2006): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2432359.

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An instrumental variable algorithm is presented that estimates the coefficients of a continuous transfer function model directly from sampled data. The algorithm is based on instrumental variables extracted from an auxiliary model and input and output signal derivatives estimated by filtered difference equations. As a result, this method does not require any prior knowledge of the output noise. To ensure the validity of the filtered derivative estimates, a criterion based on the Nyquist frequency and the system bandwidth is established. Then the concept of asymptotic consistency is applied to the proposed instrumental variable algorithm to identify the conditions for convergence of the model parameter estimates. Specifically, the asymptotic consistency conditions impose a continuous and persistent exciting constraint on the input signal. This is analogous to the persistent excitation condition for identification of discrete models. The proposed instrumental variable algorithm is demonstrated within an auto-tuning algorithm for feedback controllers based on plant inversion. In this application, the algorithm is only suitable for lower-order transfer functions that are minimum-phase and stable. These types of systems are common in industrial applications for manufacturing and process control. Here, the algorithm is experimentally validated for automatic tuning of the idle speed controller on a 4.6L Ford V-8 spark ignition engine.

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Hunter, SM, and P. Crome. "Hand function and stroke." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 12, no. 1 (February 2002): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259802012194.

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Stroke is particularly prevalent in older people and the effects of stroke can be profound. Not only are the abilities to stand, balance and walk affected, but also the ability to use the upper limb and hand in its diversity of functions in everyday life. Loss of independence of upper limb function contributes enormously to functional disability, affecting quality of life and independence in ‘basic’ (washing, grooming, feeding, dressing, etc.) and ‘instrumental’ activities (shopping, home/financial management, etc.) of daily living. A larger proportion of stroke patients with initial severe upper limb paresis are discharged to institutionalized care (63%) than are discharged home (37%).

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Mikhalychev, Alexander, Andrei Benediktovitch, Tatjana Ulyanenkova, and Alex Ulyanenkov. "Ab initiosimulation of diffractometer instrumental function for high-resolution X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 3 (May 9, 2015): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576715006986.

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Modeling of the X-ray diffractometer instrumental function for a given optics configuration is important both for planning experiments and for the analysis of measured data. A fast and universal method for instrumental function simulation, suitable for fully automated computer realization and describing both coplanar and noncoplanar measurement geometries for any combination of X-ray optical elements, is proposed. The method can be identified as semi-analytical backward ray tracing and is based on the calculation of a detected signal as an integral of X-ray intensities for all the rays reaching the detector. The high speed of calculation is provided by the expressions for analytical integration over the spatial coordinates that describe the detection point. Consideration of the three-dimensional propagation of rays without restriction to the diffraction plane provides the applicability of the method for noncoplanar geometry and the accuracy for characterization of the signal from a two-dimensional detector. The correctness of the simulation algorithm is checked in the following two ways: by verifying the consistency of the calculated data with the patterns expected for certain simple limiting cases and by comparing measured reciprocal-space maps with the corresponding maps simulated by the proposed method for the same diffractometer configurations. Both kinds of tests demonstrate the agreement of the simulated instrumental function shape with the measured data.

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Liu, Rushan, Mingpan Xiong, and Deyuan Tian. "Relationship between Damage Rate of High-Voltage Electrical Equipment and Instrumental Seismic Intensity." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5104214.

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Based on the actual damage data of high-voltage electrical equipment in electric substations in the Wenchuan earthquake, this paper uses the cumulative Gaussian distribution function to describe the relationship between the damage rate of high-voltage electrical equipment and the instrumental seismic intensity. The instrumental seismic intensity at strong motion observation stations in the Wenchuan earthquake is calculated, and the Kriging interpolation method is used to estimate the instrumental seismic intensity at 110 kV and above voltage level substations in Mianyang, Deyang, Guangyuan, and Chengdu of Sichuan Province. A cumulative Gaussian distribution function is then used to fit the damage rate-instrumental seismic intensity relationship curve for six types of high-voltage electrical equipment such as the transformer, circuit breaker, voltage mutual inductor, current mutual inductor, isolating switch, and lightning arrester. The results show that transformers have the highest vulnerability during earthquakes, and they suffered a certain level of damage even under low instrumental intensity. The second most vulnerable equipment is the circuit breaker, followed by the lightning arrester, transformer, and isolating switch, which share a similar vulnerability curve.

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Liu, Rushan, Mingpan Xiong, and Deyuan Tian. "Relationship between Damage Rate of High-Voltage Electrical Equipment and Instrumental Seismic Intensity." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5104214.

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Based on the actual damage data of high-voltage electrical equipment in electric substations in the Wenchuan earthquake, this paper uses the cumulative Gaussian distribution function to describe the relationship between the damage rate of high-voltage electrical equipment and the instrumental seismic intensity. The instrumental seismic intensity at strong motion observation stations in the Wenchuan earthquake is calculated, and the Kriging interpolation method is used to estimate the instrumental seismic intensity at 110 kV and above voltage level substations in Mianyang, Deyang, Guangyuan, and Chengdu of Sichuan Province. A cumulative Gaussian distribution function is then used to fit the damage rate-instrumental seismic intensity relationship curve for six types of high-voltage electrical equipment such as the transformer, circuit breaker, voltage mutual inductor, current mutual inductor, isolating switch, and lightning arrester. The results show that transformers have the highest vulnerability during earthquakes, and they suffered a certain level of damage even under low instrumental intensity. The second most vulnerable equipment is the circuit breaker, followed by the lightning arrester, transformer, and isolating switch, which share a similar vulnerability curve.

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Masson, O., E. Dooryhée, and A. N. Fitch. "Instrument line-profile synthesis in high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 2 (March 15, 2003): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889803001031.

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An accurate method for synthesizing the instrumental line profile of high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction instruments is presented. It is shown that the instrumental profile can be modelled by the convolution of four physical aberration functions: the equatorial intensity distribution, the monochromator and analyser transfer functions, and the axial divergence aberration function. Moreover, each equatorial aberration is related to an angle-independent function by a scale transform factor. The principles of the instrument line-profile calculation are general. They are applied in the case of the angle-dispersive powder X-ray diffraction beamline BM16 at the ESRF. The effects of each optical element on the overall instrument profile are discussed and the importance of the quality of the different optical elements of the instrument is emphasized. Finally, it is shown that the high resolution combined with the precise modelling of the instrument profile shape give access to a particle size as large as 3 µm.

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Feyaerts, Gille, Murielle Deguerry, Patrick Deboosere, and Myriam De Spiegelaere. "Exploration of the functions of health impact assessment in real-world policymaking in the field of social health inequality: towards a conception of conceptual learning." Global Health Promotion 24, no. 2 (April 5, 2017): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916679918.

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With the implementation of health impact assessment (HIA)’s conceptual model into real-world policymaking, a number of fundamental issues arise concerning its decision-support function. Rooted in a rational vision of the decision-making process, focus regarding both conceptualisation and evaluation has been mainly on the function of instrumental policy-learning. However, in the field of social health inequalities, this function is strongly limited by the intrinsic ‘wickedness’ of the policy issue. Focusing almost exclusively on this instrumental function, the real influence HIA can have on policymaking in the longer term is underestimated and remains largely unexploited. Drawing insights from theoretical models developed in the field of political science and sociology, we explore the different decision-support functions HIA can fulfill and identify conceptual learning as potentially the most important. Accordingly, dominant focus on the technical engineering function, where knowledge is provided in order to ‘rationalise’ the policy process and to tackle ‘tame’ problems, should be complemented with an analysis of the conditions for conceptual learning, where knowledge introduces new information and perspectives and, as such, contributes in the longer term to a paradigm change.

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Ida, T., H. Hibino, and H. Toraya. "Deconvolution of instrumental aberrations for synchrotron powder X-ray diffractometry." Journal of Applied Crystallography 36, no. 2 (March 15, 2003): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802021131.

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A method to remove the effects of instrumental aberrations from the whole powder diffraction pattern measured with a high-resolution synchrotron powder diffractometer is presented. Two types of asymmetry in the peak profiles caused by (i) the axial-divergence aberration of the diffractometer (diffractometer aberration) and (ii) the aberration of the monochromator and focusing optics on the beamline (beamline aberration) are both taken into account. The method is based on the whole-pattern deconvolution by Fourier technique combined with the abscissa-scale transformation appropriate for each instrumental aberration. The experimental powder diffraction data of LaB6(NIST SRM660) measured on beamline BL-4B2at the Photon Factory in Tsukuba have been analysed by the method. The formula of the scale transformation for the diffractometer aberration hasa prioribeen derived from the instrumental function with geometric parameters of the optics. The strongly deformed experimental peak profiles at low diffraction angles have been transformed to sharp peak profiles with less asymmetry by the deconvolution of the diffractometer aberration. The peak profiles obtained by the deconvolution of the diffractometer aberration were modelled by an asymmetric model profile function synthesized by the convolution of the extended pseudo-Voigt function and an asymmetric component function with an empirical asymmetry parameter, which were linearly dependent on the diffraction angle. Fairly symmetric peak profiles have been obtained by further deconvolution of the empirically determined asymmetric component of the beamline aberration.

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Ida, Takashi. "Continuous series of symmetric peak profile functions determined by standard deviation and kurtosis." Powder Diffraction 36, no. 4 (November 2, 2021): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715621000567.

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A mathematical system for modeling the effects of symmetrized instrumental aberrations has been developed. The system is composed of the truncated Gaussian, sheared Gaussian, and Rosin-Rammler-type functions. The shape of the function can uniquely be determined by the standard deviation and kurtosis. A practical method to evaluate the convolution with the Lorentzian function and results of application to the analysis of experimental powder diffraction data are briefly described.

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Healey, P. D., and J. E. Ayers. "The Instrumental Broadening Function of the Bartels Five-Crystal X-ray Diffractometer." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767395013742.

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Sizikov, V. S., and A. V. Lavrov. "Separation of continuous lines mutually overlapping and smoothed by the instrumental function." Optics and Spectroscopy 123, no. 5 (November 2017): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x17110200.

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Carmichael, Christine M. "Instrumental Assessment of Respiratory and Laryngeal Function in Patients With Neurological Disorders." Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 15, no. 2 (July 2005): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd15.2.16.

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Ljung, L. "Asymptotic Variance of Transfer Function Estimates Obtained by the Instrumental Variable Methods." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 5 (July 1985): 1341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60750-x.

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Cahill, Louise M., Bruce E. Murdoch, Timothy McGahan, Harry Gibbs, Jennifer Lethean, and Kirsty MacKenzie. "Perceptual and instrumental evaluation of voice and tongue function after carotid endarterectomy." Journal of Vascular Surgery 39, no. 4 (April 2004): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2003.12.028.

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Kolber, Zbigniew S., and Mary D. Barkley. "Comparison of approaches to the instrumental response function in fluorescence decay measurements." Analytical Biochemistry 152, no. 1 (January 1986): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(86)90111-9.

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Yao, Yu, Junhui Zhao, and Lenan Wu. "Optimizing Transmit Sequence and Instrumental Variables Receiver for Dual-Function Complexity System." Complexity 2020 (January 20, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4134851.

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This correspondence deals with the joint cognitive design of transmit coded sequences and instrumental variables (IV) receive filter to enhance the performance of a dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) system in the presence of clutter disturbance. The IV receiver can reject clutter more efficiently than the match filter. The signal-to-clutter-and-noise ratio (SCNR) of the IV filter output is viewed as the performance index of the complexity system. We focus on phase only sequences, sharing both a continuous and a discrete phase code and develop optimization algorithms to achieve reasonable pairs of transmit coded sequences and IV receiver that fine approximate the behavior of the optimum SCNR. All iterations involve the solution of NP-hard quadratic fractional problems. The relaxation plus randomization technique is used to find an approximate solution. The complexity, corresponding to the operation of the proposed algorithms, depends on the number of acceptable iterations along with on and the complexity involved in all iterations. Simulation results are offered to evaluate the performance generated by the proposed scheme.

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Thompson, Michael, and Barry J. Coles. "Examples of the ‘characteristic’ function applied to instrumental precision in chemical measurement." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 14, no. 3 (December 11, 2008): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00769-008-0476-5.

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Xigyu, Yang, Feng Qiyuan, and Li Runlin. "Apodization of the instrumental function curve of sisam with a single grating." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 60, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02606075.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Instrumental function'

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