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Harmaniati, Tiyas Kusumaningrum, and Ni Ketut Alit Amin. "Study of Family Support Correlation in Affecting Breast Cancer Patient’s Compliance in the Chemotherapy Program in Indonesia National Hospital." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 3041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9132.
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Chemotherapy is a treatment for patients with breast cancer. When the chemotherapy is undergoing, patients often feel uncomfortable due to pain and psychological disorders post chemotherapy. Family and environmental support can be a contributing factor to the life quality of breast cancer patients. This study aims to investigate the family support relationship to the compliance of breast cancer patients in conducting chemotherapy programs. This study was conducted using cross sectional approach. This Study observed the family support relationship in the event of instrumental, informational, emotional, and self-esteem against the compliance of chemotherapy program for breast cancer patient. Using sampling technique purposive sampling, the number of patients with 83 respondents. Retrieving sample data based on the primary data source of the patient’s family support questionnaire and patient compliance questionnaires in undergoing chemotherapy programs. The results showed 41 respondents (49.4%) quite obedience in chemotherapy programs has enough family support. The number of 2 respondents (2.4%) which disobedient has less family support. Statistical results showed a significant correlation between family support and the compliance of chemotherapy programs with P = 0.024 and r = 0.248 meaning there was a fairly positive correlation. It can thus be concluded that the family support in the instrumentals, informational, emotional, and self-esteem affects the compliance of chemotherapy programs for breast cancer.
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Burrack, Frederick. "Enhanced Assessment in Instrumental Programs." Music Educators Journal 88, no. 6 (May 2002): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3399802.
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Weisshaar, Duane E., Gary W. Earl, Milton P. Hanson, Arlen E. Viste, R. Roy Kintner, and Jetty L. Duffy-Matzner. "Instrumental Proficiency Program for Undergraduates." Journal of Chemical Education 82, no. 6 (June 2005): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p898.
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Martins, Angela Barbosa, Ida Helena Carvalho Francescantonio Menezes, and Maria Goretti Queiroz. "Estudantes de Odontologia cotistas e o instrumental odontológico." Revista da ABENO 19, no. 3 (November 23, 2019): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/rev.abeno.v19i3.763.
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A Política de Cotas para o ensino superior no Brasil propõe a reserva de vagas para estudantes oriundos de escolas públicas, pretos, pardos, indígenas e de baixo poder aquisitivo. A aquisição do instrumental exigido no curso de Odontologia representa uma dificuldade para a permanência da maioria desses estudantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a experiência de cotistas em relação à aquisição e uso dos instrumentais e materiais para as aulas práticas de um curso de graduação em Odontologia. Foi realizada pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 16 estudantes de todos os anos do curso, de todas as modalidades de cotas segundo a Lei 12.711/2012, escolhidos de forma aleatória. O tratamento dos dados baseou-se na modalidade temática da Análise de Conteúdo, de onde emergiram três categorias: “Inclusão”, “Exclusão” e “Discriminação”. O apoio da comunidade universitária, família e colegas figura como mecanismo de inclusão, por favorecer a permanência desses estudantes, assim como o programa de empréstimo de instrumental a estudantes de baixa renda dessa Universidade. Por outro lado, o programa também foi considerado fator de exclusão por não oferecer todo instrumental solicitado e alguns apresentarem baixa qualidade. Os entrevistados relataram sofrer discriminação, por pequena parte dos professores, e se sentirem excluídos quando utilizam instrumentos fora do padrão exigido. O desafio para a instituição pesquisada é garantir as adequadas condições materiais para o aprendizado desses estudantes, propor estratégias para a melhoria do programa de instrumental e implementar ações visando à capacitação docente.
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Schmid, Will. "World Music in the Instrumental Program." Music Educators Journal 78, no. 9 (May 1992): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3398429.
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Miller, Luke C., and Daphna Bassok. "The Effects of Universal Preschool on Grade Retention." Education Finance and Policy 14, no. 2 (March 2019): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00248.
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Nationwide, the percentage of four-year-olds enrolled in state-supported preschool programs has more than doubled since the early 2000s as states dramatically increased their investments in early childhood education. Florida's Voluntary Pre-kindergarten Program (VPK), which began in 2005, has been a national leader with respect to preschool access. This paper provides the first evidence of the program's impacts. We measure the effect of VPK participation on the likelihood that children are retained at any point between kindergarten and third grade. Using an instrumental variables approach, we leverage local program expansion and detailed student-level data on eight cohorts of children, four of which were of preschool age in the years before VPK was implemented and four of which had access to VPK programs. The results indicate that VPK did not lead to changes in the likelihood that children complete the third grade without ever being retained. We do find, however, that VPK led to a change in the timing of retention. Specifically, the program led to a drop in the likelihood that children were retained during the kindergarten year, but this drop was counteracted by increases in retention in subsequent school years. Implications for policy are discussed.
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Ilari, Beatriz, Susan Helfter, and Tina Huynh. "Associations Between Musical Participation and Young Children’s Prosocial Behaviors." Journal of Research in Music Education 67, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429419878169.
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Collective music making has been associated with the emergence of prosocial behaviors in children and adults. Yet, the associations between participation in early childhood music education programs and prosocial skills in young children remain elusive. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine how children with varied amounts of music participation—in a formal program and in the home—performed in two prosocial tasks (i.e., instrumental helping and sharing) and how their parents rated their prosocial tendencies and interests for music. Thirty-six children (ages between 3 and 4 years) with varied amounts of participation in an early childhood music program completed prosocial tasks of instrumental helping and sharing. Results indicated that there were no significant age or sex differences in children’s prosocial responses. Instrumental sharing was positively correlated with time spent in the music program. Sharing scores, in turn, correlated with children’s active musical participation and parental prosocial ratings. These findings are discussed in light of theories of musical and prosocial development in childhood.
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Jarvis, Hilary. "The Challenge of Evaluating Programs in a Large Health Sciences Centre." Healthcare Management Forum 10, no. 2 (July 1997): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60884-8.
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This article illustrates how the logic model and a course on program evaluation at a large health sciences centre were instrumental in preparing staff to evaluate their own programs. Staff and physicians need basic skills in program evaluation. The logic model is a simple yet useful tool in helping to identify key measurables. A short course to teach the theory and practice of logic models, evaluation design, choice and design of measures, and data analysis has been shown to be a practical solution in preparing staff and physicians to evaluate their own programs.
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Teh, Soon Li, Lisa Brutcher, Bonnie Schonberg, and Kate Evans. "Eleven-year Correlation of Physical Fruit Texture Traits between Computerized Penetrometers and Sensory Assessment in an Apple Breeding Program." HortTechnology 30, no. 6 (December 2020): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04698-20.
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Fruit texture is a major target of apple (Malus domestica) breeding programs due to its influence on consumer preference. This multitrait feature is typically rated using sensory assessment, which is subjective and prone to biases. Instrumental measurements have predominantly targeted firmness of the outer region of fruit cortex using industry standard Magness–Taylor-type penetrometers, while other metrics remain largely unused. Additionally, there have been limited reports on correlating sensory attributes with instrumental metrics on many diverse apple selections. This report is the first to correlate multiyear historical fruit texture information of instrumental metrics and sensory assessment in an apple breeding program. Through 11 years of routine fruit quality evaluation at the Washington State University apple breeding program, physical textural data of 84,552 fruit acquired from computerized penetrometers were correlated with sensory assessment. Correlations among various instrumental metrics are high (0.63 ≤ r ≤ 1.00; P < 0.0001). In correlating instrumental outputs with sensory data, there is a significant correlation (r = 0.43; P < 0.0001) between the instrumental crispness value and sensory crispness. Additionally, instrumental hardness traits are significantly correlated (0.61 ≤ r ≤ 0.69; P < 0.0001) with sensory hardness. Outputs from two versions of computerized penetrometers were tested and shown to have no statistical differences. Overall, this report demonstrates potential use of instrumental metrics as firmness and crispness estimates for selecting apples of diverse backgrounds in a breeding program. However, in testing a large number and diversity of fruit, experimenters should perform data curation and account for lower limits/thresholds of the instrument.
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Kang, Seok, Soonhwan Lee, and Seungbum Lee. "Student Athletes’ Sports-Program Viewing: Motives and Preferences." International Journal of Sport Communication 3, no. 3 (September 2010): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.3.3.355.
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The current study examined student athletes’ motives for viewing sports programs on television and their relationships with various viewing behaviors. Employing uses and gratifications theory and social differentiation theory, the study investigated whether student athletes’ motives for sports-program viewing would predict their preference of program selection and amount of viewing. An on-site survey of 225 Division I athletes from 3 Midwestern universities found that student athletes had entertainment, social-facilitation, and integration motives for sports-program viewing. Ritual use of sports programs (entertainment) was their primary motive, followed by instrumental use (social facilitation and integration). Results showed that student athletes’ main goal of watching sports programs on television was escape from their daily problems. Additional results showed that there was no gender difference in student athletes’ motives and sports-program preferences. Both male and female student athletes preferred male sports such as football and men’s college basketball.
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Hanshumaker, James. "Forging Instrumental Programs for an Urban Society." Music Educators Journal 76, no. 3 (November 1989): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3400923.
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Abouharb, M. Rodwan, and Erick Duchesne. "Economic Development and the World Bank." Social Sciences 8, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8050156.
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We contribute to the research stream examining the effects of World Bank lending programs on economic growth in developing economies. We contend that it is important to distinguish between the short-term effects and extended exposure of countries to these lending programs and also to assess the Bank’s (late 1990s) reforms to improve the effectiveness of these programs in recipient countries to assess whether program lending has any positive impacts on economic growth. Our comparative cross-national findings using instrumental variables analysis to control for endogeneity between program participation and economic growth demonstrate that both the short-term and longer exposure to program lending worsens economic growth. We find no evidence that World Bank reforms improved economic growth rates in the post-reform (1999–2009) period. Our findings are robust to changes in model specifications and estimation techniques. Future research should examine whether these reforms had beneficial impacts in other societal areas affected by program lending.
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González Espinosa, Sergio, Sergio José Ibáñez Godoy, Sebastián Feu Molina, and Larissa Rafaela Galatti. "Programas de intervención para la enseñanza deportiva en el contexto escolar, PETB y PEAB (Intervention programs for sports education in the school context, PETB and PEAB: Preliminary study)." Retos, no. 31 (August 3, 2016): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i31.43545.
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El aprendizaje deportivo ha sido uno de los temas más investigados en los últimos años en el campo de la pedagogía deportiva. Uno de los ámbitos que más controversia genera es la comparación entre diferentes metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Ante la falta de programas de intervención diseñados y validados en el ámbito escolar, dentro de los paradigmas tradicionales y alternativos de enseñanza, surge la necesidad de abordar la validación de un programa de intervención, posicionado en dos metodologías diferentes, para la enseñanza de un deporte como el baloncesto. El diseño de esta investigación es instrumental. El proceso de validación se realizó mediante el juicio de expertos. Participaron 17 jueces expertos, los cuales debían cumplir cuatro de los seis criterios de inclusión predeterminados. Para la validez del contenido se usó el coeficiente V de Aiken. La consistencia interna se calculó con el α de Cronbach. El programa de intervención es equivalente para cada metodología, en el número de tareas, contenidos y situaciones de práctica. Tras el análisis de los datos, 38 de las 40 tareas que forman el programa de intervención superaron los valores exigidos de validez (V > 0.70). Se crearon dos tareas, dentro de metodología tradicional y se modificaron aquellas que sugerían los expertos de forma cualitativa. La fiabilidad del instrumento fue excelente con un valor de .96. Los instrumentos Programa de Enseñanza Tradicional del Baloncesto y Programa de Enseñanza Alternativa del Baloncesto son válidos y fiables, por lo que pueden ser utilizados para comparar dos modelos para la enseñanza del baloncesto en edad escolar.Abstract: Learning in sports has been one of the most common research topics in recent years in the field of sports pedagogy, and one of the areas that generated the biggest controversy is the comparison of different types of learning methodologies. In the absence of validated intervention programs designed in the basis of traditional and alternative paradigms of education, it is needed to address the validation of an intervention program positioned in two different methodologies for teaching a sport like basketball. The design of this research is instrumental. The validation process was performed by expert judgment, wherein 17 expert judges should attend from four to six predetermined selection criteria. For content validity the coefficient V Aiken was used. The reliability of the instrument was calculated using the Cronbach α. The intervention program is equivalent to each methodology, as well as the number of tasks, contents and practical situations. After analyzing the data, 38 of the 40 tasks that make up the intervention program exceeded the values required for validity (V> 0.70). Two tasks were created within traditional methodology and those suggested by the experts qualitatively changed. The reliability of the instrument was excellent with a value of .96. The Traditional Teaching Program Basketball and Compressive Teaching Program Basketball instruments are valid and reliable, therefore it can be used to compare two models for teaching basketball in school.
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Kholidah, Nur, and Ayesha Nur Salma. "Filantropi Kreatif: Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Umat Berbasis Zakat Produktif pada Program 1000 UMKM Lazismu Kabupaten Pekalongan." Cakrawala: Jurnal Studi Islam 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/cakrawala.v14i2.3080.
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This study aims to find out how the mechanism, impact, supporting factors, and obstacles in implementing the community empowerment based on productive zakat in 1000 MSME’s programs. This research is field research using a descriptive qualitative approach. The subject of this research was Lazismu management and the mustahik. This study found that the 1000 MSME’s program was instrumental in helping MSME’s who had difficulty in developing their businesses. The assistance process is important in the success of the empowerment program. The impact of this program is an increase in business results, family income, abilities, knowledge, and skills as well as increased religious knowledge. Supporting factors for this program include the collaboration with Aisiyah institutions to provide assistance to the mustahik. While the constraints faced are not yet optimal implementation of SOPs and the lack of reporting and documentation of 1000 MSME programs
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Sanhueza Díaz, Lilian, Javiera Saldías, Yasna Contreras, and Paola Pizarro. "Apoyo social para la parentalidad: experiencias en programas de infancia en Chile." Revista Perspectivas: Notas sobre intervención y acción social, no. 33 (November 6, 2019): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07171714.33.2048.
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El artículo da cuenta de las principales dificultades que enfrentan las figuras parentales atendidas en programas de protección de derechos de la infancia en la región de la Araucanía, al sur de Chile, y los apoyos disponibles en los ámbitos emocional, informativo e instrumental. Mediante una investigación de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo, se encuestó a 99 padres, madres o cuidadores, y se aplicó una entrevista en profundidad a 6 madres o cuidadoras pertenecientes a distintas configuraciones familiares y procedencia étnica y territorial. Se constató que quienes participan en los procesos de intervención son mayoritariamente mujeres —madres o cuidadoras— que enfrentan diversas dificultades emocionales, instrumentales e informativas, cuentan con escasas redes informales de apoyo y el sustento social que reciben de las redes formales tiende a deteriorar su autoeficacia parental.
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Yurén, Teresa, Evelyn Moctezuma, Mayné Elizabeth García, and Elisa Lugo. "El Programa Beca-salario instrumentado en México. Claroscuros de una política social." education policy analysis archives 27 (December 16, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4436.
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In this work we report the results of the documentary analysis of a scholarship program and of the social policy in which it falls, with a double objective: to uncover epistemological and ethical-social deficiencies in its design and operation, and to derive some recommendations for the formulation of policies and programs in the educational field. Methodologically, our first step was to review 13 evaluations of social development programs carried out between 2015 and 2018. The review led us to do a meta-analysis of the evaluations, based on the weaknesses and strengths pointed out by the evaluators. To systematize and make comparisons, we used the Atlas Ti tool (version 7). What stands out in the analysis of the discourse carried out is that the social development policy was not entirely coherent with the purpose established in the corresponding regulations and sought to meet objectives and goals, beyond what was established in the laws. This made the design more complex, made the diagnoses insufficient, made the operation more difficult and moved the programs away from the central objective: overcoming poverty. Furthermore, it is concluded that political will and innovative ideas are not enough for an effective social policy. Good diagnoses are required, based not only on an analysis of the reality that is problematic, but also on a review of available scientific works and articles, and on the results of previous experiences. On this basis, the design of social policy should formulate clear objectives, have a consistent logical and technical structure, and propose viable and precise strategies for action. The same would have to happen with programs derived from social policy.
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Barnett, W. Steven, Kwanghee Jung, Allison Friedman-Krauss, Ellen C. Frede, Milagros Nores, Jason T. Hustedt, Carollee Howes, and Marijata Daniel-Echols. "State Prekindergarten Effects on Early Learning at Kindergarten Entry: An Analysis of Eight State Programs." AERA Open 4, no. 2 (March 26, 2018): 233285841876629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858418766291.
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State-funded prekindergarten (preK) programs are increasingly common across the country. This study estimated the effects of eight state-funded preK programs (Arkansas, California, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and West Virginia) on children’s learning using a regression discontinuity design. These programs vary with respect to the population served, program design, and context. Weighted average effect sizes from instrumental variables analyses across these states are 0.24 for language (vocabulary), 0.44 for math, and 1.10 for emergent literacy. Differences in effect sizes by domain suggest that preK programs should attend more to enhancing learning beyond simple literacy skills. State preK programs appear to differ in their effects. We offer recommendations for more rigorous, regular evaluation.
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Heckman, James J., and Jeffrey A. Smith. "Assessing the Case for Social Experiments." Journal of Economic Perspectives 9, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.2.85.
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This paper analyzes the method of social experiments. The assumptions that justify the experimental method are exposited. Parameters of interest in evaluating social programs are discussed. The authors show how experiments sometimes serve as instrumental variables to identify program impacts. The most favorable case for experiments ignores variability across persons in response to treatments received and assumes that mean impacts of a program are the main object of interest in conducting an evaluation. Experiments do not identify the distribution of program gains unless additional assumptions are maintained. Evidence on the validity of the assumptions used to justify social experiments is presented.
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Grad, Nina. "Przedsiębiorczość miejska – lokalne programy rewitalizacji instrumentami odnowy miast." Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja 7 (January 1, 2011): 207–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20833296.7.16.
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Owing to widely advertized issue of renewal of urban tissue cities gain their chance for re-birth and “second youth”. These entities struggle with degradation and depopulation through, among others, re-discovering cultural, architectural and historical values alike, restructuring postrailway, post-military and post-industrial areas as well as renovation of old housing estates and other damaged building resources. Next to the degradation of the housing substance, another problem of the cities is demographic crisis. The amount of cities’ inhabitants decreases systematically, the process of ageing of society affects more and more aspects of economy and the decline in population growth as well as mass emigration of young people are not promising. Thus main tasks of cities development became tasks of qualitative revival of material resources and human capital. Considering revitalization as a cities revival tool one have to have in mind it cannot concern only the material structure of a city but has to be spread over the broadly understood social issues. Moreover, the revitalization actions have to be based on a new planning model through involving local societies into planning processes. In this way it can contribute to the integration of residents as well as to the larger identification with place of residence which may be an object of their special care in coming years. To summarise, only such integrated and complex attitude as above may bring expected results of increasing the quality of the cities and the Local Revitalisation Programmes, which are one of the requirements of revitalization programmes studies, may essentially contribute.
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Clauhs, Matthew. "Beginning Band without a Stand: Fostering Creative Musicianship in Early Instrumental Programs." Music Educators Journal 104, no. 4 (June 2018): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027432118768383.
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Approaches to teaching music notation and instrumental technique have been standardized and codified in the United States with great success in beginning instrumental programs. While these skills are important, we do a disservice to students if we do not equally develop comprehensive musicianship and creative thinking at a young age. Creating music is one of the four “Artistic Processes” that guide our instruction in the new National Core Arts Standards framework. It is also a process that many instrumental music teachers struggle to implement, especially in early stages of instruction when note-reading and technique seem to be the highest priority. Drawing on examples from an elementary school band program that shifted away from music notation in the rehearsal room and group lesson space, I examine how instrumental music teachers can move students beyond the music stand into a deeper and more creative understanding of the elements of music.
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Fitriani, Raden Asri Ramadhina, and Irman Hermadi. "Instrumentasi Kode Program Secara Otomatis untuk Path Testing." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Agri-Informatika 5, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jika.5.1.40-50.
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Pengujian perangkat lunak yang kompleks secara keseluruhan akan memakan waktu yang lama dan membutuhkan sumber daya manusia yang banyak. Mengotomasi bagian dari pengujian akan membuat proses ini menjadi lebih cepat dan mengurangi kerawanan akan kesalahan. Pada penelitian ini, telah dibangun sebuah aplikasi untuk membangkitkan kemungkinan jalur-jalur dari sebuah program yang dapat dijadikan dasar untuk membangkitkan data uji agar data uji yang digunakan untuk pengujian dapat mewakili semua kemungkinan. Selain itu, aplikasi ini juga dapat melakukan penyisipan tag-tag sebagai instrumentasi ke dalam kode program secara otomatis untuk memonitor jalur mana yang dilalui ketika diberikan masukan data uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksekusi menggunakan aplikasi menghabiskan waktu rata-rata 0.228 detik. Sedangkan jika dilakukan secara manual menghabiskan waktu rata-rata 383.28 detik atau 6 menit 23 detik.<br /><br />Kata Kunci: Control Flow Graph, Cyclomatic Complexity, Instrumentasi, Matlab, Path Testing
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Merayo Álvarez, Noemí, Inés Ruiz-Requies, and Nicole Ávalos Díaz. "Programa de orientación entre iguales en educación superior para la adquisición de competencias instrumentales." REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía 32, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reop.vol.32.num.1.2021.30745.
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RESUMENLas necesidades detectadas en los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso de las Escuelas Técnicas Superiores de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación han llevado a plantear iniciativas de mentoría formal en sus grados. Estas carencias están relacionadas con una escasa orientación previa a la Universidad, gran heterogeneidad del alumnado, alto índice de fracaso académico en el primer curso y falta de información acerca de la inserción laboral. Este artículo pretende dar a conocer el programa MENTUm cuya finalidad es que estudiantes de últimos cursos ofrezcan apoyo e incentiven el aprendizaje e integración de estudiantes de primero con el objetivo de detectar las dificultades personales y académicas que presentan y desarrollar competencias instrumentales. La metodología de investigación empleada consiste en un Estudio de Caso desde un enfoque mixto, empleando técnicas tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas con la finalidad de alcanzar la mayor comprensión del programa en una de sus cuatro dimensiones: dar respuesta a las necesidades del alumnado de nuevo ingreso. Para la recogida de información, se han empleado tres técnicas de recogida de datos: cuestionarios, observaciones y entrevistas. Los resultados muestran que las dificultades personales tienen que ver con la falta de concentración, planificación y organización del tiempo, mientras que las dificultades académicas tienen que ver más con la falta de conocimientos previos ante los contenidos de las asignaturas. Como conclusiones hemos constatado que los estudiantes son conscientes desde su ingreso a la Universidad de la importancia de desarrollar competencias instrumentales de aprendizaje autónomo y planificación a medida que transcurre el año académico.ABSTRACT The needs detected in the new students of the Higher Technical Schools of Telecommunication Engineers have led to propose initiatives of formal mentoring in their grades. These shortcomings are related to a poor orientation prior to the University, great heterogeneity of the students, high rate of academic failure in the first year and lack of information about the labor insertion. This article describes the MENTUm program, whose purpose is for senior students to support and encourage the learning and integration of first-year students with the aim of detecting the personal and academic difficulties they present and developing some instrumental skills. The research methodology used consists of a Case Study from a mixed approach, using both quantitative and qualitative techniques in order to achieve a greater understanding of the program in one of its four dimensions: respond to the needs of new students. For the collection of information, three data collection techniques have been used: questionnaires, observations and interviews. The results show that personal difficulties have to do with the lack of concentration, planning and organization of time, while academic difficulties have more to do with the lack of prior knowledge regarding the contents of the subjects. As conclusions, we have verified that the students are aware from their beginning at the University of the importance of developing instrumental skills of autonomous learning and planning as the academic year progresses.
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Moulton, Shawn R., Laura R. Peck, and Adam Greeney. "Analyzing the Influence of Dosage in Social Experiments With Application to the Supporting Healthy Marriage Program." American Journal of Evaluation 39, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214017698566.
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In experimental evaluations of health and social programs, the role of dosage is rarely explored because researchers cannot usually randomize individuals to experience varying dosage levels. Instead, such evaluations reveal the average effects of exposure to an intervention, although program exposure may vary widely. This article compares three analytic methods that are used to examine dosage effects: the Analysis of Symmetrically Predicted Endogenous Subgroups (ASPES) method developed by Peck, instrumental variables, and propensity score matching methods. The article provides an illustration using data from the Supporting Healthy Marriage (SHM) demonstration, which rigorously tested the effectiveness of a skills-based relationship education program that had high take-up (91%) but substantial variation in exposure thereafter. To understand the relationship between program dosage level and impact magnitude, we use the ASPES method to create subgroups defined by the number of workshop hours couples attended and estimate impacts for those groups. We find that the SHM program impact on study members who received any program services is similar in magnitude to the impact on those study members who received a high or low-to-moderate dose of program services. For experimental evaluations of federal programs, the ASPES method shows promise as a way to investigate the relationship between treatment dosage and impact magnitude, a relationship crucial to designers and funders of public programs seeking to maximize program effectiveness.
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Deavor, Joseph P. "Simplex optimization: A computer program for instrumental analysis." Journal of Chemical Education 64, no. 9 (September 1987): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed064p792.1.
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Shilo, V. Yu Shilo, and I. Yu Drachev Drachev. "New instrumental options for optimizing the hemodialysis program." Nephrology 3_2019 (October 28, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/nephrology.2019.3.10-18.
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Köhler, Sebastian. "Instrumental Robots." Science and Engineering Ethics 26, no. 6 (August 19, 2020): 3121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00259-5.
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AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence research allow us to build fairly sophisticated agents: robots and computer programs capable of acting and deciding on their own (in some sense). These systems raise questions about who is responsible when something goes wrong—when such systems harm or kill humans. In a recent paper, Sven Nyholm has suggested that, because current AI will likely possess what we might call “supervised agency”, the theory of responsibility for individual agency is the wrong place to look for an answer to the question of responsibility. Instead, or so argues Nyholm, because supervised agency is a form of collaborative agency—of acting together—the right place to look is the theory of collaborative responsibility—responsibility in cases of acting together. This paper concedes that current AI will possess supervised agency, but argues that it is nevertheless wrong to think of the relevant human-AI interactions as a form of collaborative agency and, hence, that responsibility in cases of collaborative agency is not the right place to look for the responsibility-grounding relation in human-AI interactions. It also suggests that the right place to look for this responsibility-grounding relation in human-AI interactions is the use of certain sorts of agents as instruments.
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Ben-Hur, Meir, and Rafi Feuerstein. "Feuerstein’s New Program for the Facilitation of Cognitive Development in Young Children." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 10, no. 3 (2011): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.10.3.224.
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The authors make the case for the inclusion of cognitive enrichment programs in early mainstream education that should be designed to eliminate the early discrepancies in children’s cognitive abilities and prevent later learning disabilities and achievement gaps. Following a review of the literature on existing early cognitive enrichment programs and their effects with cognitive impaired children and children with special needs, the authors present the theoretical and programmatic features of Feuerstein’s 3-year basic program, along with a brief description of its different modules. The authors also provide a summary of all the available evidence of the program’s effectiveness, including the results of 3 evaluation studies of pilot projects in the United States. The article culminates in an appeal for rigorous research on the feasibility and effects of programs in mainstream education for early cognitive enrichment and prevention of learning problems, including research on the effects of Feuerstein’s Instrumental Enrichment–Basic (FIE-B) program.
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Brulon, Vanessa, Marcelo Milano Falcão Vieira, and Leonardo Darbilly. "Choque de gestão ou choque de racionalidades? O desempenho da administração pública em questão." REAd. Revista Eletrônica de Administração (Porto Alegre) 19, no. 1 (April 2013): 01–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-23112013000100001.
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A partir dos processos de reforma gerencial colocados em prática em âmbito mundial, desencadearam-se propostas de reformas seguindo esta mesma lógica, também em nível estadual. O programa Choque de Gestão, implementado no Estado de Minas Gerais, é um exemplo deste tipo de proposta e merece destaque por ser avaliado de maneira bastante positiva na literatura especializada. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar em que medida o programa Choque de Gestão, do Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais, compreende as diferentes dimensões de desempenho. Para tal, propõe-se um modelo teórico que relacione os conceitos de racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva, conforme analisadas por Ramos (1989), com o paradigma multidimensional proposto por Sander (1995). Para este último, a noção de desempenho deve ser pensada de forma mais ampla, tendo como base os critérios de eficiência, eficácia, efetividade e relevância. Aos conceitos de eficiência e eficácia relaciona-se o de racionalidade instrumental, baseada no cálculo utilitário das conseqüências, e aos de efetividade e relevância, o de racionalidade substantiva, fundamentada em valores. A relação entre os conceitos representa o quadro referencial de análise da pesquisa. Optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa e os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental e analisados por meio do método de análise argumentativa. Para a realização da análise, foram utilizadas as categorias de substantividade e instrumentalidade, e foram criados indicadores, com base no referencial teórico, de acordo com as categorias trabalhadas. Por meio destes indicadores, analisou-se o documento Plano Mineiro de Desenvolvimento Integrado (PMDI), que consiste no planejamento de longo prazo do programa Choque de Gestão. A partir da análise realizada, pode-se observar que o conceito de desenvolvimento orientador do PMDI está impregnado de elementos substantivos, como a preocupação com a qualidade de vida ou com o atendimento das demandas sociais e, por isso, guia-se por uma visão de futuro que representa um Estado em que estão presentes as duas categorias aqui trabalhadas. Entretanto, o conceito de desempenho em que está pautado, engloba aspectos predominantemente instrumentais, já que se acredita que para que a administração pública mineira melhore seu desempenho basta que ela adote medidas como a redução de custos ou o foco em resultados. Portanto, conclui-se que o conceito de desempenho em que se pauta o programa Choque de Gestão não compreende as diferentes dimensões de desempenho de forma equilibrada, apesar de se guiar por um conceito de desenvolvimento que envolve elementos substantivos e instrumentais.
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Auger, Joanna M., and Nancy L. I. Spencer. "“Just Going to a Spin Class”: Participant Experiences of Inclusion Within an Integrated Indoor Cycling Program." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 38, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2020-0107.
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Justifications for access to physical activity for people who experience disability tend to focus on the health benefits associated with a medical model of disability. The result is often programs that are segregated and impairment-focused, with limited access to integrated settings that are also potentially inclusive. In this instrumental case study, the authors engaged 20 participants with and without impairment from an adult integrated indoor cycling program to explore what contributed to meaningful and inclusive experiences in this setting. Data were generated through semistructured interviews and reflective notes. Thematic analysis led to three themes: (a) “just going to a spin class” (b) “seamless”? and (c) “deliberate community.” Using a relational ethics framework, the findings are discussed with regard to their potential to inform the development of integrated and inclusive physical activity programs, with emphasis on program structure and instructor reflexivity and training.
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CHEN, YIU POR (VINCENT). "CREAM-SKIMMER OR UNDERDOG? A CASE STUDY OF LABOR TYPE SELECTIVITY IN A RURAL LABOR TRAINING PROGRAM IN CHINA." Singapore Economic Review 65, supp01 (August 17, 2020): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759082044004x.
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The mismatch between a laborer’s abilities and the goals set forth by a training program is one of the most pressing concerns for a labor training program. This paper looks at the incentives for a laborer to enter a rural labor training program and demonstrates a clear method of analyzing the participation issues using instrumental regressions on the data collected from a case study a “poverty city” in the Zhejiang province, China. This paper shows that a pre-program wage drop may induce workers of a higher caliber to enter the training program and cause a “cream-skimming” effect on its outcome because of the S-shaped labor supply curve for the rural population who live in poverty. The result of the cream-skimming effect enhances the traditional view that a pre-program wage drop may reduce “opportunity cost” to enter a training program. This extension can be handy to revise future designs of rural labor training programs.
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Do, Lien Thi Hong. "Teachers’ participation in curriculum development: a case study from an English preparatory program at a tertiary institution." Vietnam Journal of Education 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52296/vje.2020.16.
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The higher requirement of English competency among learners at the tertiary level has called for constant curriculum development in English training programs, especially in English instructed undergraduate programs. With the purpose to explore the phenomenon of teachers’ participation in the curriculum development process, this study employed a qualitative instrumental case study of an English preparatory program. The participants of the study were 8 English instructors in the English Preparatory Program at International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. The data of the research were collected by using a semi-structured interview and then thematically coded. The results from the interview show a high level of teacher’s willingness to be involved in most staged of the curriculum development process. The main activities they actually participated in the examined project were selecting content, sequencing content, and organizing learning experience. Feasible suggestions to increase teachers’ voices in the decision-making process were also recorded.
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Granda Vera, Juan, Marco Antonio Lozano Chacón, and José Carlos Barbero Álvarez. "Efectos de un programa de restricciones ambientales en el aprendizaje de la digitación en la flauta en secundaria: una aproximación desde el aprendizaje motor." PUBLICACIONES 48, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/publicaciones.v48i2.8332.
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Los efectos de los patrones funcionales surgidos durante la adquisición bimanual de los movimientos de los dedos tocando flauta dulce bajo restricciones informacionales auditivas y visuales en la tarea instrumental, pueden contribuir a mejorar variables importantes relacionadas con la sincronización, precisión de la ejecución, pérdida de ritmo, entre otras variables. 147 alumnos de 3º curso de educación secundaria se sometieron a 5 variaciones de un programa de aprendizaje de flauta durante 12 sesiones de práctica. Los resultados muestran una resistencia al deterioro frente al resto de grupos en la prueba de retención, en variables importantes instrumentales como es el error de nota al grupo al que se aplicaron restricciones totales (GE1), aunque uno de los grupos sometido a restricciones parciales (GE3) también obtuvo mejoras estadísticamente significativas respecto al resto de grupos en otra variable importante como es la sincronización.
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Mixon, Kevin. "Building Your Instrumental Music Program in an Urban School." Music Educators Journal 91, no. 3 (January 2005): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3400071.
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Kensytska, I. L., I. O. Olefirenko, and I. V. Khrypko. "Changes in the system of students’ terminal and instrumental values under the influence of health and recreational physical activity." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(123) (July 28, 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.3(123).16.
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The article investigates the influence of health and recreational physical activity on terminal and instrumental values of higher education institutions students. The following research methods are used, including theoretical analysis of professional scientific and methodological resources by domestic and foreign authors, sociological, psychological and diagnostic, pedagogical research methods, methods of mathematical statistics. To determine the initial level of healthy lifestyle attitudes formation among students M. Rokych’s method of “Value Orientations” has been used. The research has been conducted on the basis of Kyiv National Linguistic University, National Pedagogical University named after M. P. Drahomanov. The study has involved 48 students (23 boys and 25 girls), who were part of the experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups (total of 24 people). The program of health-improving classes for students of higher education institutions has presupposed the use of various means of health-improving and recreational physical activities twice a week. The duration of classes was one and a half hours. Those that are most in demand among student youth were chosen as priorities. Among the young men these were strength exercises, elements of sport games and recreational games. Among the girls they included health fitness exercises. We have confirmed the feasibility and necessity of using innovative means of physical activity and forms of extracurricular activities in development of such programs that significantly increase the motivation of young people to participate in such programs. In the course of the research we have studied the hierarchy of terminal and instrumental values among young men and women who studied in higher educational institutions. The application of the developed program contributed to the students' awareness of “health” category value. Among EG students such instrumental values as education (depth of knowledge, high general culture), self- control (restraint, self-discipline) and rationalism (ability to think wisely and logically, to make thoughtful, rational decisions) have transferred to the first place. The obtained results prove that there are positive changes in the system of students’ terminal and instrumental values under the influence of health and recreational motor activity.
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Hua, Nan, Wei Wei, Agnes L. DeFranco, and Dan Wang. "Do loyalty programs really matter for hotel operational and financial performance?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 2195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2016-0643.
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PurposeThis study aims to use a sample of 2,120 individual hotel properties between 2011 and 2013 to evaluate the impact of loyalty programs on hotel operational and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study provides empirical support for the impact of loyalty program based on both cross-sectional and panel data analyses and uses the instrumental variable technique to avoid potential heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and simultaneity issues.FindingsFindings of this study show that loyalty program expenses have a significant and positive impact on all three operational performance indicators of RevPAR, ADR and Occupancy and the financial performance indicator of gross operating profit.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that the benefits of loyalty programs should be understood against the backdrop of a reasonable set of controlled variables such as e-commerce, franchise, advertising, other marketing expenses, hotel size and hotel chain scales.Originality/valueGiven the conflicting viewpoints about the positive and negative impacts of loyalty programs, and that the literature is scant on empirical validation of the impact of loyalty programs on the overall operational and financial performance of hotel properties, this study is an early attempt to empirically test the impact of loyalty programs on a number of hotel operational and financial performance indicators by using an extensive list of individual hotel properties between 2011 and 2013.
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Dudka, Alexander. "Instrumental drift correction by nonparametric statistics." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 2 (February 7, 2009): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809002271.
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A program for instrumental drift correction by nonparametric statistics using a point-detector diffractometer is described. The correction improves structural results such as merging and refinementRfactors. The kernels available are as follows: uniform, Epanechnikov, quartic, octic, Gaussian.
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Oswald, Gina, Garrett Huck, and J. Chad Duncan. "The State of Undergraduate Rehabilitation Education: Current Program Coordinator Perspectives." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 32, no. 4 (December 2018): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.32.4.253.
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PurposeThe current climate of higher education, the implementation of the Workforce Opportunity and Innovation Act, and the 2017 merger of accrediting bodies have created changes within the field of rehabilitation. These changes must be appropriately addressed in order to fortify a profession that has long been instrumental in ensuring that individuals with disabilities are able to achieve a satisfactory quality of life.MethodsThis study was designed to provide current undergraduate rehabilitation education (URE) information to the field for discussion and planning purposes.ResultsThis research represents the results of a survey of URE program coordinators (n = 26) on the current state of their programs and programmatic needs.ConclusionRecommendations for current URE programs and future research directions are provided.
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Kaumbata, Wilson, Helen Nakimbugwe, Wilson Nandolo, Liveness Jessica Banda, Gábor Mészáros, Timothy Gondwe, M. Jennifer Woodward-Greene, et al. "Experiences from the Implementation of Community-Based Goat Breeding Programs in Malawi and Uganda: A Potential Approach for Conservation and Improvement of Indigenous Small Ruminants in Smallholder Farms." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031494.
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Maintaining diversity of small ruminant genetic resources is instrumental for sustainable agricultural production. Community-based livestock breeding programs (CBBPs) have emerged as a potential approach to implement breeding programs in smallholder farms. This study assesses the viability of CBBPs as a potential approach for conservation and improvement of indigenous small ruminants, using case studies of goat CBBPs in Malawi and Uganda. Data were collected using focus group discussions, personal interviews, and direct observations. The program promotes and empowers smallholders to have access to small ruminant feed resources through protection of existing communal pasturelands, capacity building in pasture production, and conservation of crop residues and crop by-products. Implementation of the CBBP enhances the contributions through improved animal growth performance, kids’ survival, and twinning rates leading to increased offtake rates and better prices. The existence of permanently established supporting organizations and other stakeholders provides sustainable institutional support instrumental for the establishment and growth of CBBPs. However, establishment of functional community-based institutions (producer cooperatives) and investments in institutional/policy reforms to safeguard fair trading, access to common resources by small ruminant keepers, and adoption of the CBBP model into national livestock development programs are some of the key milestones that can guarantee sustainability.
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Burgstahler, Rebecca, Craig Gundersen, and Steven Garasky. "The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Financial Stress, and Childhood Obesity." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 41, no. 1 (April 2012): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500004160.
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the largest nutritional assistance program addressing food insecurity in the United States. Due to the program's reach, SNAP has been called upon to address other nutrition-related challenges facing low-income Americans, including childhood obesity. This study considers the effect of SNAP participation on child weight outcomes after controlling for household financial stress, an important determinant of child overweight status that disproportionately affects low-income households. Using data from theSurvey of Household Finances and Childhood Obesityand instrumental variable methods, we find that SNAP participation is negatively associated with obesity among eligible children.
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Guggenberger, Bernhard, Andreas J. Jocham, Birgit Jocham, Alexander Nischelwitzer, and Helmut Ritschl. "Instrumental Validity of the Motion Detection Accuracy of a Smartphone-Based Training Game." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168410.
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Demographic changes associated with an expanding and aging population will lead to an increasing number of orthopedic surgeries, such as joint replacements. To support patients’ home exercise programs after total hip replacement and completing subsequent inpatient rehabilitation, a low-cost, smartphone-based augmented reality training game (TG) was developed. To evaluate its motion detection accuracy, data from 30 healthy participants were recorded while using the TG. A 3D motion analysis system served as reference. The TG showed differences of 18.03 mm to 24.98 mm along the anatomical axes. Surveying the main movement direction of the implemented exercises (squats, step-ups, side-steps), differences between 10.13 mm to 24.59 mm were measured. In summary, the accuracy of the TG’s motion detection is sufficient for use in exergames and to quantify progress in patients’ performance. Considering the findings of this study, the presented exer-game approach has potential as a low-cost, easily accessible support for patients in their home exercise program.
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Portela, Edinolia Lima. "PROEJA E As REPERCUSSÕES SOBRE A ESCOLARIZAÇÃO DE BENEFICIÁRIOS." Revista de Políticas Públicas 24, no. 2 (December 27, 2020): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v24n2p912-930.
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Pesquisa social de natureza avaliativa baseada em informações qualitativas e quantitativas. Estuda o Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos - Proeja, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Federal do Maranhão (Ifma/ Campus Maracanã), entre os anos 2015/2017, com o objetivo deavaliar as implicações do programa na vida dos egressos, focalizando a continuação dos seus estudos. Fundamenta-se à luz do pensamento de Minayo (1991), Sposito (2005) e Arendt (2009). Além disso, debruça-se sobre as orientações do documento que baliza o Proeja. Participaram da pesquisa 79 egressos e utilizaram-se, como instrumentais de pesquisa, aentrevista aberta e o questionário. Os resultados revelam que, a despeito das inúmeras variáveis contextuais, o Proeja contribuiu para o prosseguimento dos estudos dos egressos.Palavras-chave: Egressos do Proeja. Problemática de jovens e adultos trabalhadores. Resultado de programas educativos. Jovens e adultos e escolarização.PROEJA AND THE REPERCUSSIONS ON THE SCHOOLING OF BENEFICIARIESAbstractSocial research of an evaluative nature, based on qualitative and quantitative information. It studies the National Program for the Integration of Professional Education with Basic Education in the Youth and Adult Education Mode -Proeja, developed by the Federal Institute of Maranhão (Ifma) - Campus Maracanã, between the years 2015/2017, with the objective of evaluatingthe implications of the program in the life of the egresses., focusing on the continuation of their studies. It is based on the thought of Minayo (1991); Sposito (2005) and Arendt (2009). In addition, it focuses on the guidelines of the Document that guides Proeja. 79 graduates participated and the open interview and the questionnaire were used as research tools. The results of the research reveal that, in spite of the innumerable contextual variables, Proeja contributed to the continuation of the studies of the graduates.Keywords: Graduates of Proeja. Issues of young and adult workers. Result of educational programs. Youth and adults and schooling.
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Odle, Taylor K., and Alex B. Monday. "Spending More or Spending Less? Institutional Expenditures and Staffing in the Free-College Era." AERA Open 7 (January 2021): 233285842110344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23328584211034491.
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While research has documented outcomes for students served by promise programs, few studies have considered the behavior of institutions themselves in the promise era. A new source of revenue combined with larger and more diverse cohorts is likely to motivate changes in spending and staffing—decisions instrumental to student access and success. We employ complementary difference-in-differences and synthetic control strategies to estimate impacts of the first statewide promise program on these two outcomes. Findings suggest institutions diverted expenditures away from instruction, academic support, and institutional support toward greater institutional grant awards. We find no meaningful impact on staffing levels. While some institutional actions may further support the access and success goals of promise programs, the diversity of programs across the nation suggests not all may follow suit. This study should inform policy makers considering the full extent of outcomes of free-college programs and invigorate further research on institutional responses.
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Barreto, Andréia Cristina, and Raquel Garcia Gonçalves. "AVALIAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: uma análise do Programa de Volta Para Casa." Revista Políticas Públicas 17, no. 2 (July 3, 2014): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v17n2p402-413.
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Desenhado em torno do tema da avaliação da política da criança e do adolescente, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os principais resultados encontrados na pesquisa de mestrado sobre a parceria entre Estado e Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) na execuçãodo programa De Volta Para Casa. Para a análise do problema apresentado, foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa, com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e uma minuciosa análise documentaldos relatórios de gestão dos anos de 2008 a 2010. Conforme mostra a pesquisa, as dificuldades na gestão, especialmente no monitoramento e avaliação, interferem diretamente na qualidade das ações e nos resultados alcançados. Os dados apontam que as atividades de avaliação têm importância significativa nos problemas de gerenciamento das políticas e programas sociais. Além disso, sinalizam a complexidade do tema da avaliação no campo social, especialmente, no seu carátertécnico/instrumental para atuação na prática.Palavras-chave: Gestão Social; Avaliação; Organizações Não GovernamentaisEVALUATION OF PUBLIC POLICIES: An analysis of the Program “De Volta Para Casa” (Back Home)Abstract: Developed around the theme of politics evaluation of the children and adolescent, the present article has as an objective to introduce the best results found in master degrees research around the theme of partnerships between Government and Non-governmental Organizations(ONGS) in the execution of the program “De Volta Para Casa” (Back Home). For the analysis of the mentioned issue, it was made a qualitative research, with semi-structural interviews, and a strong documental analysis of the 2008 to 2010 management reports. As the research shows thedifficulties in the management, specially in rating and monitoring impact directly on the quality of the actions and in the achieved results. The data shows that the activities of evaluation have significative importance at the problems of management of the politics and social development programs. Beyond that they show the complexity of the subject of evaluation in the social field, particularly in its technical character / instrumental in practice Keywords: Social management, Evaluation, Non-Governmental Organizations.
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Hopper, Jeffrey D. "Benefits Of Inmate Employment Programs: Evidence From The Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2013): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v11i5.7836.
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">The United States is experiencing a persistent increase in its prison population and, consequently, a steady increase in public spending on incarceration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A possible systemic change to mitigate these trends is a return to historically cost effective inmate labor programs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Government savings and business revenues from these programs have been documented.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Additional benefits have been hypothesized from an associated reduction in recidivism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This paper examines if this recidivism effect occurs following inmate participation in the Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Inmate characteristics and PIECP participation variables are identified as potential predictors of recidivism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Logit regression procedures, including a two-stage instrumental variable procedure to address endogeneity, are used to capture the predictive value of the independent variables and quantify the reduction in the odds of inmate recidivism attributable to PIECP participation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The results indicate that employment in a PIECP program contributes to a statistically significant reduction in the odds of inmate recidivism.<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></strong></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>
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Lundborg, Bertil, and Wilhelmus JA Grooten. "Resistance Training for Professional String Musicians: A Prospective Intervention Study." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2018.2017.
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BACKGROUND: Many professional musicians report performance- related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). Evidence shows that resistance training programs are preventive for musculoskeletal disorders, but only a few studies have been performed among musicians. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a functional resistance training program can increase isometric back endurance and isometric strength in the neck, shoulder, and wrist for professional string musicians and affect their perceived performance during instrumental play, as well as their muscle and joint mobility and the occurrence and intensity of pain. METHODS: 24 professional string musicians from three Swedish symphony orchestras participated in the study, performing individually designed exercise sessions twice a week over an 11-week period. Isometric strength and isometric back endurance were measured pre- and postintervention with a hand-held dynamometer and the Biering-Sorensen test, respectively. A web-based questionnaire was used for assessing perceived performance during instrumental play, as well as mobility and occurrence and intensity of pain. RESULTS: After the training period, the group showed an 11% to 19% increase in isometric strength for neck and upper extremities and 25% improved isometric endurance in back extensors (p<0.05). Moreover, 29% to 59% of the group showed improvements in mobility, performance during instrumental play, and PRMDs, although these improvements did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: This functional resistance training program seems to be a non-harmful and advantageous exercise method for professional string musicians, but randomized and controlled studies are needed to confirm the results.
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Araújo, Jorge Corrêa de, Joaquim Teixeira de Assis, Vladimir Ivanovitch Monin, and Luiz Carlos Bertolino. "Determinação dos parâmetros microestruturais de amostras de caulinitas usando o método de refinamento do perfil de difração de raios X." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 58, no. 4 (December 2005): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672005000400003.
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É conhecido da teoria da difração de raios X que os alargamentos das linhas de reflexões de uma amostra de pó estão associados com as imperfeições dos cristalitos, com os erros instrumentais e com efeitos da radiação utilizada. Nesse estudo, são separados os parâmetros microestruturais de duas amostras beneficiadas de caulinitas provenientes de depósitos brasileiros de diferentes regiões, usando o método de ajuste do perfil "Profile Matching", também conhecido como ajuste Le Bail, incorporado ao programa FullProf, que trata de difratogramas de raios X pelo método de Rietveld. O refinamento de Rietveld foi realizado com os dados de um material padrão LaB6, para obter os parâmetros da função instrumental e como uma forma de validar o método "profile matching". Uma função pseudo-Voigt modificada (TCHZ) foi usada para o ajuste dos perfis. Os valores das larguras integrais betah e dos parâmetros etah calculados pelo programa serviram de dados para a aplicação do "modelo" aqui denominado TCHZpV. Os resultados dos parâmetros microestruturais calculados pelos dois procedimentos foram, então, comparados com boa concordância, indicando que os tamanhos dos cristalitos constituem a maior fonte das imperfeições cristalinas das amostras de caulinita.
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Bergmann, J., P. Friedel, and R. Kleeberg. "Handling of Unusual Instrumental Profiles by the BGMN Rietveld Program." Materials Science Forum 321-324 (January 2000): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.321-324.192.
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Harrell, Erin, and Nelson Roque. "I'd Rather Be . . . : Activities Older Adults Reported Leading to Decreased Engagement With Cognitive Training." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1042.
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Abstract One modifiable risk factor of dementia is cognitive inactivity. Given cognitive ability is closely tied to continual performance of instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive training programs continue to be explored as a way to boost cognition and allow older adults to remain independent longer. While the efficacy of cognitive training is controversial, identifying activities older adults are willing to limit in exchange for cognitive training provides valuable information in relation to designing cognitive training programs that appeal to older adults. Using a qualitative approach, this study highlights activities older adults (ages 64+) noted as contributing to decreased gameplay of a cognitive training program on a tablet device. We found that respondents (61%) noted playing less as a result of entertainment activities (i.e., reading and playing games), social activities (31%) and travel (27%). Findings have implications for device form factor in administering cognitive training and other programs.
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Weldetsadik, Abate Yeshidinber, and Frank Riedel. "Bridging the gap in respiratory medicine: How a pulmonologist from other continent can help African children who “can’t breathe?” The story of a European professor and his African trainee." Journal of the Pan African Thoracic Society 2 (January 23, 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jpats_20_2020.
Full textAbstract:
An European pediatric pulmonologist successfully organized a 2-year in-house pediatric pulmonology training with simultaneous establishment of the first pediatric pulmonary center in Ethiopia. Collaboration of the local institution with a non-governmental organization (NGO) facilitated the realization of the program. Training cost was significantly low compared to the expected out of country training, with extra financial benefit enabling purchase of equipment for the center. Our experience shows that specialists from developed countries can be instrumental to establishing cost-effective training programs and founding of specialized services in low-income countries by training subspecialists in their own setting. NGOs and leading international professional societies can support such programs to relieve the suffering of the child who “can’t breathe” because s/he is born in a low income country.
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Meng, Yingying, Junqiang Han, and Siqi Qin. "The Impact of Health Insurance Policy on the Health of the Senior Floating Population—Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102159.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of health insurance on residents’ health is one of the focal points of academic research. Due to the fact that China’s medical insurance system is composed of a variety of programs and that the pooling districts are at the lower administrative level, enrollment in different medical insurance programs or at different places may have certain influences on the health of residents. This has mostly been neglected by previous studies. This paper uses data from the 2015 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), focusing on the senior floating population and taking the difference in government subsidy proportions as an instrumental variable in order to identify the effects of health insurance programs and regional differences on the health of the senior floating population. Three effects were observed: First, participation in the health insurance system significantly improves floating seniors’ self-rated health. Second, the health status of floating seniors affects their choice of health insurance program: Less healthy persons tend to choose high-paying, wide-coverage basic medical insurance available for urban employees. Using an instrumental variable to control for the problem of endogeneity, it is discovered that compared with the basic medical insurance system for urban residents, the system for urban employees significantly enhances the health of the senior floating population. Third, “adverse selection” could be observed in the choice between enrolling in health insurance at the place of settlement or another place. Senior migrants with worse self-rated health tend to choose place of settlement in order to enjoy higher compensation and less complex reimbursement procedures. With an instrumental variable to control for the problem of endogeneity, it was found that compared with joining the medical insurance system at other places, joining at a place of settlement could improve the health of the floating senior population.