Relevant bibliographies by topics / Instrument

Academic literature on the topic 'Instrument'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Instrument"

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Chiba, Mitsuharu, Kazuyoshi Taniguchi, and Hiroshi Iwase. "Instrument for tuning musical instruments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, no. 1 (July 1990): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.399838.

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Hartono, Hartono, Jamilah Jamilah, and Dona Fitriawan. "PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN NOTES UNTUK MENGUKUR KEMAMPUAN AFEKTIF MAHASISWA DALAM KURIKULUM KKNI ( DEVELOPMENT OF NON TEST INSTRUMENTS TO MEASURING STUDENT AFFECTED ABILITY IN CURRICULUM KKNI)." Buana Matematika : Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika 7, no. 1: (June 26, 2017): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/buanamatematika.v7i1:.663.

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Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengembangan instrumen nontes untuk mengukur kemampuan afektif mahasiswa dalam kurikulum KKNI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan model pengembangan menggunakan P4TK yaitu spesifikasi instrumen, menulis instrumen, menentukan skala instrumen, sistem penskoran, telaah instrumen, merakit instrumen, uji coba instrumen, analisis hasil uji coba, perbaikan instrumen. Hasi penelitian diperoleh 1) Kisi-kisi penyusunan instrumen nontes untuk mengukur kemampuan afektif mahasiswa dalam kurikulum KKNI dalam penelitian ini telah cukup valid dan reliabel; 2) Hasil validitas instrumen nontes untuk mengukur kemampuan afektif mahasiswa dalam kurikulum KKNI telah memenuhi persyaratan; 3) Reliabilitas intrumen nontes untuk mengukur kemampuan afektif mahasiswa dalam kurikulum KKNI hasilnya tinggi dan instrumen layak untuk digunakan; 4) Hasil uji coba penggunaan instrumen nontes untuk mengukur kemampuan afektif mahasiswa dalam kurikulum KKNI diperoleh pada masing-masing soal yang berjumlah 15 semua hasilnya baik. Kata kunci: Instrumen Nontes, Kemampuan Afektif Mahasiswa, Kurikulum KKNI Abstract This research aimed to describe the development of nontest instrument to measure students' affective ability in KKNI curriculum. The research method used is descriptive method with development model using P4TK that is instrument specification, instrument writing, instrument scale, scoring system, instrument study, instrument assembling, instrument test, test result analysis, instrument improvement. The result of research is 1) Nontes instrument preparation grid to measure student affective ability in KKNI curriculum in this research has been quite valid and reliable; 2) The result of validity of nontest instrument to measure student affective ability in KKNI curriculum has fulfilled the requirement; 3) Nontest intruments reliability to measure students' affective ability in high quality KKNI curriculum and appropriate instruments for use; 4) The test result of the use of nontest instrument to measure affective ability of students in KKNI curriculum is obtained on each of the 15 questions all good results. Keywords: Non test instrument, Student affective Ability, Curriculum KKNI
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Dack, John. "Instruments from an Instrument: Schaefferian ‘Instrumental Analysis’ and Berio'sSequenza Vfor Solo Trombone." Contemporary Music Review 32, no. 5 (October 2013): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2013.849872.

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Suriyani, Meri, Try Susanti, and Darma Putra. "Instrumen Asesmen Bagi Pendidik Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Biologi Berbasis Problem Based Learning." BIODIK 6, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/bio.v6i3.9806.

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This study aims to produce PBL based assessment instruments (problem based learning) that are made to measure learning process for educators, in this case, the researcher will focus on the discussion about attitude. This research is an instrument development research adapted from ADDIE model, this model there are 5 stages: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Data collection and data analysis using different questionnaires and given to expert / expert teams and users of assessment instruments. To find out the feasibility of the instrument, the questionnaire was given to 3 expert teams / experts and got the score category 88%, then the score result on the assessment instrument is "Eligible" is used, instruments are also strengthened by small group and field trials. To find out the effectiveness and practicality of the disseminated instrument to several schools (implementation) of the instrument, the effectiveness questionnaire was given to 3 principals / users and obtained the score category 88%, then the scores result of the assessment instrument is "very Effective". In order to know the practicality of the instrument, the questionnaire of practicality was given to 3 principals / users and obtained the score category of 88%, then the scores result of the assessment instrument is "Very Practical". Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan instrumen asesmen berbasis PBL (problem based learning) yang dibuat untuk mengukur proses pembelajaran bagi pendidik, dalam hal ini, peneliti akan memfokuskan pada pembahasan tentang sikap. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan instrumen yang diadaptasi dari model ADDIE, model ini terdapat 5 tahap yaitu: analysis, design, development, implementation dan evaluation. Pengumpulan data dan analisis data menggunakan angket yang berbeda dan diberikan kepada tim ahli/pakar dan pengguna instrumen asesmen. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan instrumen, angket diberikan ke 3 tim ahli/pakar dan didapatkan kategori skor 88%, maka hasil skor terhadap instrumen asesmen ini adalah “Layak” digunakan, kelayakan instrumen diperkuat juga dengan adanya uji coba kelompok kecil dan lapangan. Untuk mengetahui keefektifan dan kepraktisan instrumen disebar kebeberapa sekolah (implementasi), angket efektifitas diberikan ke 3 kepala sekolah/pengguna dan didapatkan kategori skor 88%, maka hasil skor terhadap instrumen asesmen ini adalah “Sangat Efektif”. Untuk mengetahui kepraktisan instrumen, angket praktikalitas diberikan ke 3 kepala sekolah/pengguna dan didapatkan kategori skor 88%, maka hasil skor tersebut diperoleh bahwa penilaian oleh kepala sekolah terhadap instrumen asesmen ini adalah “Sangat Praktis”.
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Rosayu, Witgia Indah. "Pengembangan Penilaian Autentik Keterampilan Berbahasa Tulis Di Sekolah Dasar." EduBase : Journal of Basic Education 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47453/edubase.v1i2.123.

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This study aims to (1) find out the profile of writing assessment in elementary schools today. (2) explain the prototype of developing authentic assessment of written language skills in elementary schools. (3) describes the results of the implementation of the prototype development of an authentic assessment instrument for written language skills in elementary schools. This research was conducted using research and development methods that refer to the Sukmadinata steps, namely preliminary studies, development stages and trials. Products for developing written language authentic assessment instruments consist of (1) assessment instruments for writing book reports; (2) instrument for writing rhymes assessment; (3) poetry writing evaluation instruments and; (4) attitude assessment instruments in writing activities. The results of this development research are (1) authentic assessment instruments writing book reports, rhyming writing, poetry writing and attitude assessment in writing activities declared valid by assessment experts and practitioners; (2) the consistency of kappa coefficient> 0.775 in the consistency test of the book writing assessment instrument means that the rhyme writing assessment instrument obtains the average kappa coefficient value> 0.709, and the poetry writing evaluation instrument obtains an average value of kappa coefficient> 0.651 which means that the instrument Valuation of writing book notes, rhymes and poetry has a high consistency in the assessment by several assessors. Thus the authentic assessment developed was declared valid and reliable so that it could be used as an alternative to written language assessment instruments in elementary schools. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui profil penilaian menulis di Sekolah Dasar saat ini. (2) memaparkan prototipe pengembangkan penilaian autentik keterampilan berbahasa tulis di Sekolah Dasar. (3) memaparkan hasil implementasi prototipe pengembangan instrumen penilaian autentik keterampilan berbahasa tulis di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang mengacu pada langkah-langkah Sukmadinata yaitu studi pendahuluan, tahap pengembangan dan uji coba. Produk pengembangan instrumen penilaian autentik berbahasa tulis terdiri dari (1) instrumen penilaian menulis laporan buku; (2) instrumen penilaian menulis pantun; (3) instrumen penilaian menulis syair dan; (4) instrumen penilaian sikap dalam kegiatan menulis. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini yaitu (1) instrumen penilaian autentik menulis laporan buku, menulis pantun, menulis syair dan penilaian sikap dalam kegiatan menulis dinyatakan valid oleh ahli penilaian dan praktisi; (2) dalam uji kekonsistenan instrumen penilaian menulis buku diperoleh nilai rata-rata koefisien kappa > 0,775, instrumen penilaian menulis pantun memperoleh nilai rata-rata koefisien kappa > 0,709, dan instrumen penilaian menulis syair memperoleh nilai rata-rata koefisien kappa > 0,651 artinya instrumen penilaian menulis catatan buku, pantun dan syair memiliki kekonsistenan yang tinggi dalam penilaian oleh beberapa penilai. Dengan demikian penilaian autentik yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif instrumen penilaian berbahasa tulis di Sekolah Dasar
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Murray, Michael P. "Avoiding Invalid Instruments and Coping with Weak Instruments." Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.20.4.111.

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Archimedes said, “Give me the place to stand, and a lever long enough, and I will move the Earth.” Economists have their own powerful lever: the instrumental variable estimator. The instrumental variable estimator can avoid the bias that ordinary least squares suffers when an explanatory variable in a regression is correlated with the regression's disturbance term. But, like Archimedes' lever, instrumental variable estimation requires both a valid instrument on which to stand and an instrument that isn't too short (or “too weak”). This paper briefly reviews instrumental variable estimation, discusses classic strategies for avoiding invalid instruments (instruments themselves correlated with the regression's disturbances), and describes recently developed strategies for coping with weak instruments (instruments only weakly correlated with the offending explanator).
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Simpson, Alvin F. "Inservice Music Educators’ Perceived Comfort for Teaching and Performing on Secondary Band Instruments." Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 39, no. 3 (February 16, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755123321995953.

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I surveyed inservice instrumental music educators ( N = 96) to determine their comfort level for teaching and performing on secondary band instruments. Research questions included the following: (a) How comfortable do inservice music educators feel teaching and performing on secondary instruments? (b) Does grade level affect educators’ comfort levels? (c) Does the educators’ primary instrument family relate to their perceived comfort level for teaching and playing on secondary instruments? and (d) Does the format of instrument classes during preparation programs influence educators’ comfort for teaching and playing secondary instruments? Participants reported moderate comfort on most instruments, with brass being most comfortable. Participants indicating woodwind as a primary instrument reported an overall higher comfort level for teaching and performing on brass instruments, whereas low comfort levels on double reeds. High school educators felt least comfortable teaching and performing on secondary instruments. Participants who took Split-Families and Semester-Families preservice classes felt more comfortable performing on secondary instruments versus those who took Individual-Instrument courses.
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Stuhler-Bauer, Angela, and Ulrich Elbing. "Die phänomenologische Bilderfassung: Ein kunsttherapeutisches Instrument." Musik-, Tanz- und Kunsttherapie 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0933-6885.14.1.32.

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Zusammenfassung. Dieser Artikel stellt ein kunsttherapeutisches Instrument zur Bildbeschreibung auf phänomenologischer Basis vor. Das methodische Vorgehen in der Entwicklung und in der Handhabung des Instruments geht vom Begriff des ästhetischen Zustands aus, der in den Rahmen des phänomenologischen Erkenntniszugangs eingebettet wird. Die einzelnen Beschreibungskriterien des Instruments werden aus diesem Hintergrund hergeleitet und begründet. Die Erarbeitung dieses Instruments durch Stuhler-Bauer (2001) ist Bestandteil einer Forschungsstrategie zur Entwicklung valider Instrumente kunsttherapeutischer Bilderfassung, die einleitend kurz vorgestellt wird.
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Caudle, Abigail Suzanne, Jason B. Fleming, Brian M. Garcia, Marina Lozano, Darryl Rigby, Rita Manuel-Byrd, Lisa McMillian, et al. "Optimizing surgical instrument sets for cases involving breast and plastic surgeons." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.7_suppl.33.

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33 Background: Processing operative instrumemt sets is a major cost for surgical cancer care. Optimizing standard sets requires availability of instruments reflecting varied surgeon preferences while minimizing unnecessary instruments. Additionally, increasing utilization of oncoplastic reconstruction after mastectomy and lumpectomy requiring breast and plastic surgery sets further expands the number of instruments required. The goal of our study was to optimize standard sets used for cases combining breast and plastic surgeons and to determine cost savings Methods: Baseline data was recorded over a 2 week period (13 cases) including number of instruments available and number unused for non- flap breast-plastics combo (BPC) cases. An independent observer timed instrument set-up times. 22 breast and 14 plastic surgeons were polled for their requested instruments for designated cases. A BPC set was designed based on this data and reviewed with surgeons to update preference cards. After a 6 week implamentation/education period, repeat data was recorded (18 cases). Cost of instrument processing was based on labor and supply cost of $0.22/instrument. Results: Two breast surgery sets (65 and 97 instruments) and one plastics set ( 93 instruments) were used at baseline. The median number of available instrumeets was 172.5/case, with median 126.5 instruments unused. A mean of 3.8 separately packaged instruments were required per case with mean set-up time of 4m46s. The new BPC set contains 103 instruments. A median of 106.5 instruments were available after implementation. The median number of unused was reduced by 53% to 59.5, with a drop in number of separately processed instruments to 2.5. Mean set-up time was reduced to 2m16s. Reducing the size of of standard sets reduced processing costs by $12.10 or $19.14/case (depending on the breast set used for comparison). Combining sets resulted in an additional cost savings of $6.56/case by reducing extra packaging costs. Conclusions: combining breast and plastic sets and eliminating unnecessary instruments resulted in cost savings of $18.66-$25.70/case. It also reduced OR instrument set-up time by 2.5 minutes/case which has significant impact at high volume centers.
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Alberti, Samuel J. M. M. "Shaping scientific instrument collections." Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy046.

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Abstract Many histories of scientific instruments concentrate on their manufacture and original function, but such artefacts as survive often do so in collections – many will have spent far longer in a museum than anywhere else. Alongside the rich literature on the history of scientific instruments, accordingly, there is a body of work on the histories of scientific instrument collections. This survey outlines genres and themes in the historiography of scientific instruments, focusing in particular on display and other collection-based functions. Fluid and contingent, collections are instrumental in the history, heritage, and historiography of science.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Instrument"

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Silveira, Néria Invernizzi da. "Tradução e adaptação cultural do instrumento: “The SACS TM Instrument”." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21226.

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Introduction: The skin around the ostomy should be evaluated constantly because of the risk of having its integrity impaired and there is no instrument validated in Brazil for assessment and classification of the lesions and topographic location. Objective: To carry out the cultural adaptation of "The SACS™ Instrument" for use in Brazil and assess content validity, inter-observer reliability and evaluate the educational dimension to the understanding of this instrument. Method: This is a methodological study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. The cultural adaptation was elaborated by four translators in the translation and back-translation phases and its summaries were compiled by the author. The content validity index (CVI) was analyzed by seven judges for semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences. The formula for calculating the CVI was the addition of the answers, divided by the total number of answers. Inter-observer reliability came from the investigation of 41 photographs, carried out by two nurses who specialize in stomatherapy and the values were presented in percentage and with the weighted kappa coefficient (K). To achieve instrument validity a focus group strategy was used, with eight students from year four of the undergraduate nursing program. Result: The result obtained for SACS™ Instrument was IVC=1. Reliability for the evaluation and classification of the lesions presented agreement of 41.18% and K = 0.2444, and for topographic location resulted in 46.67% and K = 0.3151. Another measure of interobserver agreement was the level of statistical significance that presented p <0.001 and was found to be extremely significant. Discussion: The process of translation and cultural adaptation was developed with the scientific rigor of the research objective. IVC = 1 was the same as that in a study in Turkey. In Italy and the USA, IVC = 0.91 and IVC = 0.94, respectively, demonstrated the viability in clinical practice, but with specific training. Conclusion: The SACSTM instrument was translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese culture and meant to be an internationally standardized tool and useful in clinical practice for the evaluation, classification, topographic location of peristomial lesions, certifying reliable results and that met the objectives of this study
Introdução: A pele ao redor da estomia deve ser avaliada constantemente pois possui risco de perda de sua integridade e não há instrumento no Brasil para a avaliação, classificação e localização topográfica destas lesões. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou realizar e adaptação cultural do “The SACSTM Instrument” para o Brasil, avaliar o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) e a confiabilidade interobservadores. Método: É um estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa. A adaptação cultural foi desenvolvida por quatro tradutores, sendo dois para a tradução e dois para a retrotradução. O IVC das equivalências de semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual foram analisadas por sete juízes e a versão final foi elaborada pela pesquisadora. A concordância interobservadores ocorreu pela análise de quarenta e uma fotografias por dois ET. Resultado: O SACSTM obteve IVC=1. A confiabilidade, para a avaliação e classificação das lesões apresentou concordância de 41,18% e K=0,2444, e para localização topográfica resultou em 46,67% e K=0,3151. Outra medida de concordância interobservadores foi o nível de significância estatística que apresentou p<0,001 concluindo ser extremamente significante. Discussão: O processo de tradução e adaptação cultural foi desenvolvido com o rigor científico do objetivo da pesquisa. O IVC =1 foi o mesmo que ocorreu em um estudo da Turquia. Na Itália e EUA resultou respectivamente em IVC = 0,91 e IVC = 0,94, demonstrando a viabilidade na prática clínica, porém com capacitação específica. Conclusão: O instrumento SACSTM foi traduzido e adaptado para a cultura do português do Brasil e significou ser uma ferramenta padronizada internacionalmente e de utilidade na prática clínica para a avaliação, classificação, localização topográfica das lesões periestomias, certificando resultados fidedignos e que atendeu os objetivos deste estudo
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Borg, Daniel, and Ulf Mantling. "Syntetiska Instrument." Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för elektronik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5481.

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This thesis aims to investigate SAAB AB´s possibilities to use synthetic instruments in their test systems. The reason for this is reducing costs and the risk of obsolescence which is common when test systems operate for several decades.

The market around synthetic instruments has been explored in the search for suitable hardware and software. Software has been developed in LabVIEW and synthetic instruments have been created with the help of IVI-drivers. The hardware consisted of PXI-instruments (Waveform generator and Digitizer), connected to a computer using a fiber optic link and PXI-chassi. The created instruments was then compared to common instruments used today, and the comparison turned out well. Advantages, disadvantages and the theory surrounding synthetic instruments is also covered. This thesis is only an introduction and further work will be necessary to implement synthetic instruments at SAAB.

The thesis also purposes suitable hardware and further development based on the test systems used today, and how it is possible to solve the layer structure.


Detta examensarbete har som mål att undersöka möjligheterna för SAAB AB att börja använda sig av syntetiska mätinstrument i sina testsystem. Anledningen till detta är att SAAB AB vill minska kostnaderna och riskerna för obsolescens som finns när testsystem är i drift i flera decennier. Detta har inneburit att marknaden har sonderats efter lämplig hårdvara och mjukvara för tillämpningen. Förutom detta har mjukvara tagits fram i LabVIEW och syntetiska instrument skapats med hjälp av IVI-drivrutiner. Som hårdvara användes PXI-instrument (vågformsgenerator och digitizer) med tillhörande chassi och fiberoptisk länk från National Instruments. De framtagna instrumenten har jämförts med vanliga reella instrument och visat sig fungera väl, men även fördelar och nackdelar belyses samt teori kring hur syntetiska instrument fungerar. Examensarbetet är endast en introduktion i ämnet och kräver ytterligare arbete innan det är praktiskt genomförbart. Förutom detta ges även förslag på lämplig hårdvara och vidareutveckling baserat på hur testsystemen ser ut i dag, och förslag på hur lageruppbyggnaden skulle kunna lösas.

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Price, Tabitha. "Instrument Sharpening." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2534.

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Ramos, Vera Santos. "Estudo preliminar do Parental Bonding Instrument: Adaptação de um instrumento de medida." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/833.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da Gravidez e da Parentalidade
O conceito de Ligação entendido como um conjunto específico de estados mentais e recursos comportamentais direccionados para o cuidado da criança terá a função de garantir a manutenção da proximidade física e psicológica, possibilitando assim a sua sobrevivência e desenvolvimento. Deste modo, a Vinculação que se desenvolve durante os primeiros anos de imaturidade - infância, latência e adolescência — está profundamente correlacionado com o tipo de Ligação (Bonding) parental que é estabelecido pelo prestador de cuidados. Quer isto dizer que, a maneira como os prestadores de cuidados se ligam aos filhos e o modo como os tratam, no que respeita ao cuidado e à protecção prestada, não só condiciona o desenvolvimento social como também o desenvolvimento psicológico constituindo um aspecto caracterizador do funcionamento psíquico ao longo da vida Tomando como referencia de base a teoria da vinculação, procura-se na presente investigação desenvolver um estudo preliminar de adaptação do Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), construído por Parker, Tupling e Brown (1979), por recurso à análise factorial exploratória, que tem por objectivo descrever a correlação observada entre as variáveis originais para estimar quais as características comuns que ligam os factores latentes às variáveis, ou seja, explorar quais os factores emergentes e o modo como se correlacionam na amostra em estudo. Pretende-se também descrever e explorar qual a percepção da maioria dos inquiridos relativamente ao estilo de ligação emocional estabelecido no decurso dos primeiros 16 anos de vida, com ambas as figuras parentais e deste modo verificar qual o padrão de ligação parental dominante na amostra em estudo. Para tal efeito, foi constituída uma amostra por conveniência de 151 participantes de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 67 anos, sendo a média de idade de 39 anos. Este questionário, desenhado com o propósito de criar uma pequena escala auto -administrada aplicada a participantes com idade superior ou igual a 16 anos, está organizado segundo duas dimensões de avaliação das características parentais, sendo estas: o Cuidar [«Care»] e a Hiper-Protecção [«Overprotection»], que determinam a qualidade da ligação afectiva entre país e filhos. Esta avaliação é feita separadamente para cada uma das figuras parentais através da sub-escala materna e paterna da qual fazem parte 25 itens cada. A recolha dos dados empíricos efectuou-se nas infra-estruturas de instituições e empresas públicas e privadas que, após o consentimento inicial, autorizaram o contacto com os respectivos participantes, que ocorreu durante os meses de Janeiro a Novembro de 2006. As sessões de aplicação tinham uma duração média de 12 minutos e ficaram ao cuidado de um mesmo técnico. Em resposta ao primeiro objectivo, verifica-se que os resultados obtidos a partir da análise factorial exploratória (com rotação varimax) efectuada ao Parental Bonding Instrument, permitiram-nos construir uma escala cuja característica de validade aponta para um coeficiente elevado, indicador de pertinência do instrumento (o Alfa de Cronbach para a totalidade da escala foi de 0.81). De acordo com as possibilidades apresentadas, a partir da análise da variância explicada foi possível extrair cinco factores ou dimensões para a sub-escala referente à mãe e três factores ou dimensões para a sub-escala relativa ao pai. No que respeita ao segundo objectivo, observa-se que maioria dos inquiridos percepciona, quer a mãe quer o pai, como tendo sido afectivos e empáticos nos cuidados prestados, ao mesmo tempo que incentivavam os seus comportamentos de autonomia. Seguida de uma percentagem significativa de inquiridos, que percepcionava a ligação estabelecida, com ambos os pais, como tendo sido afectuosa e próxima, embora associada a uma elevada hiper-protecção, entendida esta última pela assunção de uma menor autonomia nos primeiros dezasseis anos de vida. Em conclusão, podemos dizer que o modo como a maioria dos participantes percepciona as duas dimensões - Cuidar e Protecção - que caracterizam o tipo de ligação afectiva, segundo definido por Parker, Tupling. e Brown (1979), estabelecida com as figuras materna e paterna parece inscrever-se num mesmo quadrante denominado de «Parentalidade Óptima», seguido de um estilo de parentalidade do tipo «Constrangimento Afectivo». Por último, dada a escassez de instrumentos psicológicos adaptados, percebemos que esta escala poderá constituir uma mais valia, não só ao nível da investigação empírica mas também no contexto da avaliação psicológica.
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Mallard, Alexandre. "Les instruments dans la coordination de l'action : pratique technique, métrologie, instrument scientifique." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0601.

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Les instruments sous toutes leurs formes (instruments de mesure, dispositifs optiques, outils techniques usuels. . . ) participent à la définition et à la coordination des pratiques. L'objet de la thèse est de mettre en relation trois aspects associés à la coordination par les instruments : les pratiques d'utilisation, les formes d'action qui y sont associées et les réseaux technico-économiques dans lesquels ils circulent. L'interrogation se situe au croisement de plusieurs disciplines des sciences sociales : sociologie des sciences, sciences cognitives, pragmatique des régimes d'ajustement, psychologie, ethnologie des techniques, sociologie de l'innovation. La première partie de la thèse étudie différentes modalités de la coordination correspondant à des instruments de forme différente. Elle s'appuie sur une étude realisee dans le secteur de la réparation automobile, qui articule deux enquêtes complémentaires : une ethnographie des pratiques techniques au garage met en évidence les diverses formes de compétence impliquées dans l'utilisation des instrument (perception, rôle du corps dans l'action, cognition, compétences sociales, savoir-faire …). Une analyse des réseaux industriels de la réparation automobile montre que les instruments participent à la coordination technico-économique dans ces réseaux. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude des instruments de mesure. Elle montre que la métrologie constitue une modalité de coordination des pratiques d’évaluation et de contrôle. Deux terrains empiriques sont examinés : l'analyse extensive des dispositifs de métrologie légale et de normalisation d'un instrument de mesure de la pollution automobile, le suivi d'un instrument scientifique de mesure de la pollution atmosphérique, depuis sa conception dans un centre de recherche jusqu’à ses applications pratiques chez l'utilisateur final. Ce dernier cas comporte l'analyse des processus suivants : pratiques de construction et de mise au point, évaluation de prototype en laboratoire de métrologie, construction d'un réseau commercial permettant de diffuser l'appareil, inter-comparaison de plusieurs instruments mesurant les mêmes propriétés physiques
Instruments (measuring instruments, visualisation and optical devices, usual technical tools. . . ) play a role in the definition and coordination of practices. The aim of the PHD thesis is to relate three different aspects of the coordination through instruments : the practices involved in their use, the associated forms of action and the techno-economic networks of conception, distribution and use. This question is at the cross-road of different disciplines of the social sciences : sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), cognitive science, pragmatics of the regimes of adjustments, psychology, ethnology of technology, sociology of innovation. The first part of the thesis studies the various forms of coordination associated with different kind of instruments. The inquiry focuses on car repairing activity and combines two complementary approaches : an ethnographical approach of the technical practices in a garage investigates the various form of competences involved in the use of instruments (perception, bodily knowledge, cognition, social abilities, know how …), an analysis of the industrial networks of car repairing shows that instruments take part actively in the techno-economic coordination of these networks. The second part of the thesis is centered on measuring instruments. It shows that metrology is a modality of coordination of the practices of assessment and control. The inquiry bears on two fieldworks : the extensive analysis of the systems of legal metrology and standardisation of an instrument of car pollution measurement, the study of a scientific instrument of atmospheric pollution measurement, from its conception in a research center up to its final practical use. This study tackles the following stages : construction and settling of an instrument in a scientific laboratory, assessment of prototype in metrology laboratory, construction of a commercial network for the diffusion of the product, intercomparison of several similar instruments
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Vokalek, George. "The Generalised Instrument /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensv898.pdf.

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ALMEIDA, LUCIANA ALVES DE. "METROLOGY: CITIZENSHIP INSTRUMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4004@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Metrologia: instrumento de cidadania configura um traçado crítico do estágio atual (1) da legislação brasileira vigente em metrologia e suas áreas correlatas e (2) do sistema educacional brasileiro em metrologia, ambas as temáticas entendidas como efetivos instrumentos orientados para o desenvolvimento da competitividade industrial e a consolidação da cidadania. O trabalho tem sua fundamentação no ideário filosófico contemporâneo, que volta a eleger o Homem e a qualidade de vida parâmetros e diferenciais competitivos nos processos de desenvolvimento lato sensu, quer econômico, quer social, político ou industrial. Na primeira vertente do trabalho, que trata da legislação em metrologia,determinou-se um corpus analítico que engloba (i) a Constituição Federal da República - a - Constituição cidadã -; (ii) o Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor e (iii) o acervo da regulamentação técnica em metrologia, correlacionando-a com fatos marcantes da vida política e econômica do País. No que concerne a vertente da pesquisa que analisa a evolução do sistema educacional, são considerados aspectos críticos da pioneira experiência brasileira voltada à capacitação e à formação de profissionais em metrologia no País, em destaqu e: (i) programas e projetos de indução e consolidação da metrologia como instrumento assegurador da cidadania; (ii) o percurso evolutivo da educação formal em metrologia no contexto do sistema educacional brasileiro na conjuntura da consolidação da pósgraduação no País e (iii) de suas políticas industrial e de ciência e tecnologia.No contexto dessa ampla análise, focalizam-se os principais marcos de desenvolvimento industrial, impactos na competitividade e na construção da cidadania.Como conclusão, encaminham-se reflexões e proposições para a institucionalização das competências vigentes, para a congregação dos espaços congêneres e para o planejamento de metas de médio e longo prazo que assegurem o processo continuado de desenvolvimento da metrologia como agente desse processo global de transformação e de formação de cidadania.
Metrology: an instrument for citizenship aims at reviewing the present stage (1) of the Brazilian legislation on metrology and its correlated areas and (2) of the Brazilian education system in metrology, both matters understood as effective instruments that addresses the development of the industrial competitiveness and the consolidation of citizenship in the country. The work is based on contemporary philosophical concepts that have once more elected Man and the quality of life as a parameter and a competitive differential in the developmental processes as a whole, whether they are of economic, social, political or industrial nature. Regarding the legislative content of the work, the corpus of the analysis proposes to encompass (i) the Federal Constitution of the Republic - the - Citizen Constitution -; (ii)the Consumer, Protection and Defense Code; (iii) the body of technical Metrology regulations, inter-correlating this specific legislation with remarkable political and economic al facts of the Brazilian History. With respect to the evolution of the Brazilian education system, critical aspects of the pioneer Brazilian experience devoted to the development of human resources in metrology and metrology-related areas are considered. The analysis also focus on (i)programs and projects for the induction and consolidation of metrology as an instrument that ensures citizenship; (ii) the course along which formal education in metrology has evolved in the context of the Brazilian educational system in view of the consolidation of the postgraduate courses in the Country and (iii) of its industrial and science and technology policies. Within this broad analysis, the major landmarks of industrial development and their impact on industrial competitiveness and on the construction of citizenship have been focused. In the conclusion, a few reflections have been put forward along with proposals to institutionalize the powers and responsibilities that are currently in force, to congregate correlated spaces, and to plan medium and long-term goals for the purpose of ensuring a continuous process for the development of metrology as an agent of this ongoing process of global change.
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Mercure, Peter Kip. "The oscillogenic instrument." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71263.

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A generalized chemical oscillator has been invented consisting of input and output interfaces to a chemical system, with the appropriate feedback external to the chemical system such that the system oscillates. The oscillation frequency can be made a function of concentration, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, and other physical properties. The idea was reduced to practice with an electronic system coupled to an electrochemical system, and gave a frequency output linear with concentration for a number of ions in solution. A general mathematical model of the electrochemical system was devised and programmed in FORTRAN on a digital computer, and a mathematical model of the oscillogenic instrument was used to conceptually test the idea. The use of recursive parameter estimation was also considered for this instrument.
Ph. D.
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Goldbach, Eliese. "The Stripping Instrument." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1493823929036635.

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Chen, Amy. "Oceanographic Instrument Simulator." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1585.

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The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) established the Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment (FOCE) experiment to study the long-term effects of decreased ocean pH levels by developing in-situ platforms [1]. Deep FOCE (dpFOCE) was the first platform, which was deployed in 950 meters of water in Monterey Bay. After the conclusion of dpFOCE, MBARI developed an open source shallow water FOCE (swFOCE) platform located at around 250 meter of water to facilitate worldwide shallow water experiments on FOCE [1][2]. A shallow water platform can be more ubiquitous than a deep-water platform as shallow water instruments are less expensive (as it does not have to be designed to withstand the pressure at deep ocean depths) and more easily deployed (they can be deployed right along the coast). The swFOCE experiment is an open source platform, and MBARI has made the plans available online to anyone interested in studying shallow water carbon enrichment. There is a gateway node what is connected to four sensor nodes within the swFOCE. In order to test the sensor node individually, an idea of designing an Oceanographic Instrument Simulator is purposed. The Oceanographic instrument simulator (OIS), described in this paper provides the means for MBARI engineers to test the swFOCE platform without attaching the numerous and expensive oceanographic instruments. The Oceanographic Instrument Simulator simulates the various scientific instruments that could be deployed in an actual experiment. The Oceanographic Instrument Simulator (OIS) system includes the designed circuit board, Arduino Due and an SD Card shield. The designed circuit board will be connected to a computer through a USB cable, and be connected to MBARI’s swFOCE sensor node through a serial connection. When a query is given from the sensor node, the Arduino Due will parse the data given from the sensor node, search through the pre-installed data in the SD card and return the appropriate data back to the sensor node. A user can also manually set up the input current through a computer terminal window to control the simulated signals from the PCB.
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Books on the topic "Instrument"

1

Graham, Pat. Instrument. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2011.

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Kershner, William K. The instrument flight manual: The instrument rating. 5th ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1998.

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Kershner, William K. The instrument flight manual: The instrument rating. 4th ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1990.

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Lybeck, Johan A. Penningmarknadens instrument. [Stockholm]: Rabén & Sjögren, 1988.

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Instrument flying. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

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Marquez-Garcia, Pablo. Guided Instrument, G rated, Ages 12+. US: Authorhouse dba Author Solutions, 2003.

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Lybeck, Johan A. Penningmarknadens instrument. 3rd ed. [Stockholm]: Rabén Prisma, 1994.

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Mikhantʹev, B. I. Instrument prirody. Voronezh: Izd-vo Voronezhskogo universiteta, 1991.

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Instrument families. Barrington, IL: Rigby, 2001.

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L, Taylor Richard. Instrument flying. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Instrument"

1

Gomm, Roger. "Instruments and Instrument Design." In Social Research Methodology, 24–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-22911-2_2.

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Sugarman, Samuel C. "Instruments and Instrument Terminology." In Testing and Balancing HVAC Air and Water Systems, 335–49. 6th ed. New York: River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003207337-23.

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Lee, Ji Eun, Ik Soo Byon, and Sung Who Park. "Instrument." In Internal Limiting Membrane Surgery, 9–13. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9403-8_3.

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Weik, Martin H. "instrument." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 797. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_9186.

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Delamain, Catherine, and Jill Spring. "Instrument." In Reading Between the Lines Set Two, 36–48. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315098500-5.

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Vuerli, C., G. Taffoni, I. Coretti, F. Pasian, P. Santin, and M. Pucillov. "Instruments in Grid: the Instrument Element." In Grid Enabled Remote Instrumentation, 269–81. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09663-6_18.

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May, Michael, and Peter B. Andersen. "Instrument Semiotics." In Information, Organisation and Technology, 271–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1655-2_10.

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Williams, David B., and C. Barry Carter. "The Instrument." In Transmission Electron Microscopy, 141–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76501-3_9.

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Schmitt, Gerhard N. "Instrument: Parametrisierung." In Architectura et Machina, 70–71. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83972-5_26.

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Williams, David B., and C. Barry Carter. "The Instrument." In Transmission Electron Microscopy, 131–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2519-3_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Instrument"

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Gaviria-Bedoya, Jaime, Difariney González-Gómez, and Jhony Villa-Ochoa. "Measurement Instrument for Statistical Reasoning of Postgraduate Students of Health Sciences." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t8g3.

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This paper presents the design and validation of a measuring instrument for statistical reasoning of postgraduate students of health sciences of a Colombian public university. The items were adapted from instruments such as CAOS and GOALS, and from research and articles published in health sciences. Content validity was performed by experts in statistical education and/or statistics. The judges assessed each item on an ordinal scale. Descriptive statistics and psychometric indexes of percentage agreement and content validity were calculated. The review process of the instrument resulted in a final version of 41 items and the obtained statistics showed evidence of a high level of agreement among the expert judges. Se presenta el diseño y validación de un instrumento de medida para el razonamiento estadístico de estudiantes de posgrado de Ciencias de la Salud, de una universidad pública colombiana. Los ítems fueron adaptados de instrumentos como el CAOS y el GOALS, y de investigaciones y artículos publicados en Ciencias de la Salud. La validez de contenido se realizó mediante juicio de expertos en educación estadística y/o estadística. Los jueces evaluaron cada ítem en una escala ordinal. Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos e índices psicométricos de porcentaje de acuerdo y de validez de contenido. El proceso de revisión del instrumento dio como resultado una versión final de 41 ítems y los estadísticos obtenidos mostraron evidencia de un alto nivel de acuerdo entre los jueces expertos.
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Reese, Baxter. "Instrument Adjustment Policies." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.09.

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Instrument adjustment policies play a key role in the reliability of calibrated instruments to maintain their accuracy over a specified time interval. Periodic review and adjustment of assigned calibration intervals is required by national standard ANSI/NCSL Z540.3 and is employed to manage the End of Period Reliability (EOPR) to acceptable levels. Instrument adjustment policies may also be implemented with various guardband strategies to manage false accept risk. However, policies and guidance addressing the routine adjustment of in-tolerance instruments are not so well established. National and international calibration standards ANSI/NCSL Z540.3 and ISO/IEC-17025 do not mandate any particular adjustment policy with regard to in-tolerance equipment. Evidence has been previously presented where routine adjustment of in-tolerance items may even degrade performance. Yet, this important part of the overall calibration process is often left to the discretion of the calibrating technician based on heuristic assessment. Astute adjustment decisions require knowledge of the random vs. systematic nature of instrument error. Instruments dominated by systematic effects, such as drift, benefit from adjustment, while those displaying more random behavior may not. Monte Carlo methods are used here to investigate the effect of various adjustment thresholds on in-tolerance instruments.
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Smith, Hugh, and Fred Wiegand. "Instruments Interchangeability Using Interchangeable Virtual Instrument Technology." In 2006 IEEE Autotestcon. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/autest.2006.283611.

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Andre, Yves, Jean-Marc Laherrere, Thierry Bret-Dibat, Martine Jouret, Jean-Michel Martinuzzi, and Jean-Luc Perbos. "Instrumental concept and performances of the POLDER instrument." In SPIE's 1995 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Toni F. Schenk. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.216932.

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Evrim Tunca, Ozan. "Using Distant Learning Platform for Musical Instrument Instructor Training." In 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Education. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.educationconf.2019.11.797.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the productivity of distant instructor training program for musical instrument education. Music education, especially on playing musical instruments, has been one of the major topics of general education. Today, formal musical instrument education is available in conservatories and music departments of fine arts and education colleges, and informal or non-formal musical instrument education is available in private music schools and courses in Turkey. Recorder or melodica is taught in public schools as part of the general music education. There are number of different platforms to teach musical instruments where there is need to train teachers to do that in the needed quality. There are various applications of online teacher training for instrument education. For example, Northwestern University and University of North Carolina have been offering courses over Coursera (a major MOOCs provider), such as Teaching Violin and Viola, Fundamentals of Rehearsing Music Ensembles. Different from our program they do not provide direct contact with the instructor for feedback. A group of well-experienced instructor trainers of the Anadolu University including myself established a distant instructor-training program for musical instruments. This paper will explain and explore the stages of the program’s creation and its effectiveness.
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Bomze, Monica, and Carl A. Nelson. "Experimental Validation and Design Refinement of a Disposable, Articulated Surgical Instrument." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1011.

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Abstract In previous work, a proof-of-concept articulated instrument for minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery (MILS) was proposed to overcome limitations of existing instruments. In this paper, experimental validation is pursued to satisfy constraints on biocompatibility, cost, stiffness, and durability. It was found that the instrument exhibits minimal bending deflection of approximately 3mm under the maximum load experienced during MILS, has favorable workspace volume of 679cm3, and has adequate joint durability of over 700 bending cycles. Overall, this paper demonstrates that the instrument is able to meet many of the criteria required of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery devices and addresses many of the shortcomings of traditionally used instruments.
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Loychik, Neil, Mathieu Barraja, Afzal Khan, R. Ryan Vallance, Eric R. Marsh, and Dave A. Arneson. "Mechanical Design of a Precision Instrument for Measuring the Roundness Profiles of Micro Shafts." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21101.

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This paper presents a new instrument for measuring roundness profiles of axially symmetric micro shafts with diameters below 250 micrometers. The instrument will measure form error in cutting tools used for micro machining, small-hole metrology probes, and other high aspect ratio micro structures. This instrument operates on the same physical principle as scanning tunneling microscopes, which measure surface topography using fluctuations in tunneling of electrons between probe and sample. The instrument will measure roundness profiles using a fixed-sensitive-direction arrangement of the detector, similar to macro scale metrology instruments. Challenges resulting from dimensional scaling necessitate an entirely new instrument compared to conventional instruments. We describe the need for this instrument, its working principle, architecture, the design of the traction drive mechanism, and the design of the nano positioning stages.
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Black, R. Steven, Aaron J. Hussey, and Randall L. Bickford. "Instrument Health Monitoring for Extending Calibration Intervals of Safety Related Instruments." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60102.

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The ability to extend calibration intervals for nuclear plant instrumentation has multiple benefits for improving productivity and reducing operating costs at nuclear plants. Benefits include fewer calibrations inside containment during an outage and associated reduced critical path time and ALARA exposure, reduced risk of calibration error or instrument damage during removal and replacement, and reduced operations and maintenance cost for instrument removal, calibration and replacement. A good instrument calibration program ensures instruments are checked frequently enough to provide a high level of confidence that they are performing within acceptable limits, but no more frequently. Over-testing of plant instruments and equipment should be avoided for two reasons: valuable resources are expended on maintenance that might not measurably improve plant safety, reliability, or efficiency; and the potential exists for adjustment errors or equipment damage each time an instrument is removed from service for testing. Over-testing increases the risk of errors or damage being introduced without a justifiable improvement in reliability. This paper discusses the regulatory framework for extending calibration intervals of safety related instruments for U.S. based nuclear power plants. Necessary changes to licensing, plant processes and procedures, training, and configuration management are summarized. An example application of pattern recognition modeling is provided to highlight the analytical support for the processes provided by active monitoring to confirm on-going instrument heath. The paper concludes with a listing of recommended steps to implement a practical program for extending calibration intervals of safety related instruments within the U.S. nuclear regulatory environment.
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Bolch, Charlotte, Hartono Tjoe, Stephanie Casey, Douglas Whitaker, Leigh Harrell-Williams, Chris Engledowl, Taylor Mulé, and Justine Piontek. "Validity Evidence for Statistics Education Instruments: Findings and Best Practices." In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t4b3.

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Appropriate validity evidence is essential when interpreting scores from tests and instruments. In statistics education, the application of modern measurement theory is limited and not well integrated into research as support for instrument interpretation. The Validity Evidence for Measurement in Mathematics Education project is documenting validity evidence for mathematics and statistics education instruments through a structured literature review to create a searchable instrument database. This paper highlights the status of the work documenting validity evidence for statistics education instruments measuring constructs such as teacher knowledge and attitudes. Many “custom” single-study measures incorporated items from multiple validated instruments and/or added new items without providing evidence for the new instrument. Preliminary information about the types of validity claims and evidence identified from standardized coding is reported.
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Fratter, Claude, Jean-Francois Reulet, and Jacky Jouan. "SPOT 4 HRVIR instrument and future high-resolution stereo instruments." In Orlando '91, Orlando, FL, edited by Philip N. Slater. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46612.

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Reports on the topic "Instrument"

1

Mei, Fan. Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1725876.

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Coutts, D. A. Instrument uncertainty predictions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188824.

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3

Reynolds, B. A., E. A. Daymo, J. G. H. Geeting, and J. Zhang. Instrument validation project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/578627.

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Morris, Victor R. Ceilometer Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1036530.

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TELEDYNE GEOTECH GARLAND TX. Seismic Instrument Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada224086.

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6

Gavin, William T., Benjamin D. Keen, and Michael R. Pakko. The Monetary Instrument Matters. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2004.026.

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Nederbragt, W. W. Woelter Instrument-Optical Design. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002122.

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8

Uin, J. Integrating Nephelometer Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1246075.

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Biraud, S. CCG-Flasks Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1246166.

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Morris, Victor R. Ceilometer (CEIL) Instrument Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1251382.

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