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Journal articles on the topic 'Instruction and study'
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1
Paulsen, Kim J., Kyle Higgins, Susan Peterson Miller, Sherri Strawser, and Randall Boone. "Delivering Instruction via Interactive Television and Videotape: Student Achievement and Satisfaction." Journal of Special Education Technology 13, no. 4 (March 1998): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016264349801300401.
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Distance education in the form of Interactive Television (ITV) and videotape currently is being discussed as a method to provide instruction to students enrolled in education courses. In this study, the effect of traditional, ITV, and videotape lectures on student achievement and attendance was investigated. Student satisfaction with the course and student evaluations of the instructor were also analyzed. Sixty-seven preservice special education students were randomly assigned to one of three instructional methods. One group received instruction with the instructor present, one group received instruction via ITV and the third group received instruction by means of a videotape lecture. Results indicated that (a) students achieved equally well on quizzes and tests regardless of the instructional method, (b) students who received instruction in the traditional setting were satisfied with the instruction they received, (c) students who received instruction via ITV were satisfied with the instruction they received, (d) students who received instruction by means of videotape were not satisfied with the instruction they received, (e) students attended class regularly regardless of the instructional method, and (f) students who received instruction via ITV and videotape did not perceive the instructor as taking an active role in the course.
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Palvia, Shailendra, and Vic Matta. "Comparing student perceptions of in-class, online synchronous, and online asynchronous instruction." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 15, no. 3 (July 31, 2023): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v15i3.8656.
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This article compares the efficacy of undergraduate teaching for in-class, online synchronous, and online asynchronous modes of instruction with implications for adapting the modes of instruction in computer information processing. The study uses a repeated measures design with pairwise comparisons while controlling for instructor, students, and course content across these modes of instruction. The study examines the following six perceptions held by students: instructional aspects such as instructor facilitation, student-to-student interaction, instructor-to-student interaction, course design, learning outcomes, and student satisfaction. The study also examines actual student performance on homework, quizzes, and exams. All findings were interesting and insightful. Student perceptions of almost all instructional aspects were significantly higher for the in-class mode than the two online modes of instruction. However, actual student performance was significantly better for online modes of instruction. The discussion section triangulates these statistical results with a review of 3000+ open-ended student responses to explain results, provide guidelines, and suggest future research. Keywords: Asynchronous instruction; distance education; E-learning; in-class; online; synchronous instruction
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YUN, Ga-young. "A Study on the Role of Instructor and Learner for Good Instruction: Focusing on the Perception of Prospective Instructors." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 24 (December 31, 2023): 749–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.24.749.
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Objectives This study attempted to contribute to the restoration of subjectivity by identifying the roles of instructors and learners for good instruction.
Methods For this purpose, written interviews were conducted with 26 graduate students using an online platform. The collected data were analyzed by subject analysis, and the teaching and learning factors that make up good instruction, and the instructors' and learners' tasks for good instruction were derived.
Results As a result, class content delivery, instructor competency, and attitude were derived as higher categories for teaching activities that compose good instructions, and learner participation activities and learning attitudes were derived for learning activities. In addition, as for the role of instructors for good instruction, strategies for preparation, acquisition and performance, and relationship formation were derived as higher categories, and detailed subcategories corresponding to each item were presented. As for the role of learners for good instruction, the role of learners over time was organized into the upper category, before, during, after instruction, and into detailed subcategories.
Conclusions In instructions, instructors are in charge of teaching and learners are in charge of learning. And good instruction can be made when the instructor's teaching activities can induce and promote learners' learning. Based on the results of this study, it was suggested to design and implement good instructions under the relationship between desirable instructors and learners.
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Al-Shehri, Mohammad Salih. "Effect of Differentiated Instruction on the Achievement and Development of Critical Thinking Skills among Sixth-Grade Science Students." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 19, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.10.5.
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The objective of this study was to explore the effect of using a differentiated instruction method on the achievement and development of critical thinking skills among sixth-grade students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. The study used the experimental method through the application of the instructional program on a sample of 50 students, who were chosen purposefully from one school in Abha city. The sample was divided into an experimental group (n = 25), which received instructions using differentiated instruction, and a control group (n = 25), which received instructions using conventional methods. Two tests were developed, an academic achievement test and a critical thinking test, to measure the performance of students before and after using the instructional program. Findings showed an improvement in the academic performance of the experimental group, which were taught using the instructional program based on differentiated instruction. Participants were able to increase their level of critical thinking skills in science. The study recommends using this instructional strategy in different school subjects other than science. The study also recommends training teachers on its implementation in classrooms.
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Miguel, Elizandra, and William Carney. "Foreign Language Acquisition Anxiety and Project-Based Learning in Collaborative L2 Instruction: A Case Study." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1201.01.
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This article discusses the experiences of an instructor-student collaboration in combining English as a Second Language instruction with a project-based model. It provides information about a year-long period of instruction that made use of extensive collaboration in language instruction for the creation of business documents geared to a specific purpose. The article suggests that such a project-based and collaborative approach to Foreign Language Learning might be useful in alleviating foreign language learning anxiety for advanced speakers of a second language. Additionally, the article discusses instruction performed via the Zoom platform. The use of platforms such as Zoom, or Skype, are becoming more ubiquitous as an instructional trend that pre-dates recent public health concerns, and this technology is discussed here in terms of the opportunities for collaborative learning and feedback it offers in a discipline that is still favors traditional face-to-face instruction. Although the experiences described here occurred in a non-academic setting with an instructor-student dyad, we suggest that it may be useful in academic settings with additional students and fewer collaborative opportunities to create highly specific objectives.
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YUN, Ga-young. "A Study on the Learning Process and Evaluation Characteristics with High and Low Learning Effects: Focusing on the Experience of Prospective Instructors." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, no. 9 (May 15, 2024): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.9.173.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of instructions recognized as having a high learning effect and as having a low learning effect. Methods For this purpose, we conducted written interviews using online platform with 18 prospective instructors who are experiencing the pre-instructor course at the graduate school of education. It was designed to focus on instructions experienced before, not on instructions currently being taken, and through this, the process and effect of learning could be reported more objectively. The collected qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic anal-ysis method, and the learning process of instructions with high learning effects and instructions with low learning effects were derived and presented in a diagram. Results As a result of the study, 3 main categories, 9 themes, and 19 subcategories were derived as character-istics of the learning process included in instruction with high learning effect, and the amount of learning load, dif-ficulty, and responsibility perceived by learners were also confirmed along with the learning burden factors. As for the instruction with low learning effect, 3 main categories, 9 themes, and 18 subcategories were derived, and these included ‘no task’ and ‘no burden’. In the instruction with high learning effect, the focus of assignments and evaluations was on the learning process and performance, and improvement and feedback were made through the feedback of the instructor. In the instruction with low learning effect, the focus of assignments and evaluations was on organizing, summarizing, and general evaluation, and it was difficult to confirm improvement and feedback through instructor's feedback. Moreover, the difficulty and amount of learning load in the class were burden factors that appeared in both classes with high and low learning effects. Considering these results, instructors need to consider ways to have explanatory power to effectively deliver class content by analyzing learners' levels rather than reducing the difficulty and amount of learning. Conclusions Based on these findings, recommendations were provided to guide professors in aiming for and de-signing effective instructions.
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Gladdines, Saskia, Denise Eygendaal, Leonieke van Boekel, Evert Verhagen, and Annechien Beumer. "How to optimise the fidelity of exercises in an unsupervised golf injury prevention programme? A pilot study." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 10, no. 1 (February 2024): e001681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001681.
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BackgroundGolf is an individual sport that is usually done without the supervision of a trainer or coach. Therefore, an injury prevention programme in golf will primarily be performed without supervision and feedback. However, the effectiveness of any preventive exercise programme is determined by exercise fidelity.ObjectiveTo investigate the different instruction options of an injury prevention programme on exercise fidelity in individual golfers.MethodsWe randomly assigned golfers to one of three groups receiving different exercise instructions. One group received only instructional cards (A), one received only instructional videos (B) and a third group (C) received both instructional cards and videos. The golfers were allowed to familiarise themselves with the exercises based on the provided instruction option, after which we recorded their exercise execution on video. Two authors independently scored each exercise’s fidelity from these recordings.ResultsIn total, 18 golfers (12 women and 6 men, average age of 61.94 years) were equally divided across the 3 study groups completed 108 exercises. In group A 73.7% of exercises were executed as intended, in group B 88.6% and in group C 86.3%. Significantly more exercises were conducted correctly in groups B and C compared with group A (p<0.05).ConclusionGolfers who received instructions that included a video explanation had a higher exercise fidelity when compared to only written instructions.
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Bray, Laura E., Alicia A. Mrachko, and Christopher J. Lemons. "Standardized Writing Opportunities: A Case Study of Writing Instruction in Inclusive Classrooms." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 116, no. 6 (June 2014): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600606.
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Background/Context For an increasing percentage of students with disabilities, writing instruction is taking place in general education classrooms. The practice of instructing students with disabilities in general education classrooms is commonly referred to as inclusion. For elementary and middle school English teachers, inclusion requires that they teach students with varying instructional needs how to write. While numerous studies have examined writing instruction and interventions for students with disabilities, little research has closely examined the phenomenon and implications of providing writing instruction in inclusive classrooms. Focus of Study In this study, we examined the writing opportunities provided to students in four eighth-grade English classrooms at a full inclusion middle school. Research Design We employed a qualitative case study design to collect multiple sources of data, including writing tasks, grading requirements, prewriting activities, lesson plans, writing task information sheets, and interviews with teachers. Our analysis sought to triangulate findings from these multiple data sources to examine the types and quality of writing instruction provided in these inclusive English classrooms, along with the factors that influenced this instruction. Findings The findings from this study indicate the writing opportunities provided to students were of poor quality and were influenced by state standards and high-stakes accountability assessments. Furthermore, students with disabilities were provided with nearly the same writing opportunities as their nondisabled peers, with little differentiation, modifica-tion, or accommodation. The study also exposed organizational features and accountability policy pressures that promoted the instructional practice of standardization. Conclusions/Recommendations Our findings suggest that including students with disabilities into a general education English classroom does not necessarily lead to high-quality writing opportunities for those students. Current accountability policy emphasizes the standardization of learning goals and outcomes, with little focus on the actual types and quality of instruction provided to students. We argue that for students with disabilities, focusing solely on teaching grade-level learning standards and improving high-stakes accountability assessments is not the solution for improving instructional opportunities and outcomes. Our findings also revealed that, under certain conditions, standardization of instruction is a potential unintended consequence of inclusive education.
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Omoniyi, Tayo, and Gisanrin Gbenga. "The Effect of Three Instructional Elements on Achievement in Computer-Based Mathematics Instruction of Senior Secondary School Students in Nigeria." Journal of Education in Black Sea Region 4, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v4i1.163.
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This study investigated the effect of three instructional elements on achievement in computer-based mathematics instruction. The subjects were senior secondary school students who used four versions of computer-based instruction developed on compact disc to learn about the volume of solid shapes. The four versions of the programme were (1) a full version that had the three instructional elements (2) a version without objectives (3) a version without practice (4) a version without examples. The results indicated that the full package, which included objectives, practice and examples, had a significant effect on students’ achievement in the computer-based mathematics instruction. Furthermore, of the three elements, practice, had the most effect on the learners’ achievement. Implications of the findings on development of computer-based instructions are also discussed.
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Wahyumi, Maulidia, Wirdatul Aini, and Irmawita Irmawita. "Tanggapan Warga Belajar terhadap Komunikasi Instruksional Instruktur Pelatihan Memasak Kue di SPNF SKB Kota Payakumbuh." Spektrum: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v1i1.9198.
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This research is motivated by the success of entrepreneurship cooking skill. The purpose of this study was to describe the responses of learners to instructional communication of cooking instructor in cooking instruction in the explanation of learning materials, initial ability assessment, strategy setting, and feedback. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population in the study amounted to 15 people. The sample in this study is the total number of respondents. Data collection techniques used were interviews, while data collection tools used interview guidelines. Data analysis techniques using the formula percentage. The result of the research showed that the respondent's response to instructional instruction of instructor in (1) explanation of learning material of cooking cake training is categorized very good, (2) assessment of early ability of learners of cake cooking training categorized very good, (3) instructional strategy stipulation cake cooking training categorized very good, (4) feedback cooking cake is categorized very well.
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Yaumi, Muhammad, Sitti Fatimah Sangkala Sirate, and Andi Anto Patak. "Investigating Multiple Intelligence-Based Instructions Approach on Performance Improvement of Indonesian Elementary Madrasah Teachers." SAGE Open 8, no. 4 (October 2018): 215824401880921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018809216.
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This study was designed to promote teachers’ understanding of the learner-centered approach through training the multiple intelligences-based instructions, improve teachers’ performance in designing learner-oriented instruction, and improve teachers’ performance in implementing instruction. This study used proactive action research involving 126 teachers (informants) as trainees and instructional design members, came from 10 elementary Madrasah in Indonesia, 36 of them were mentored, and 192 students participated in a focus group discussion. There were 10 principals and two supervisors to be research collaborators. Teachers’ understanding and performance improvement through training multiple intelligence-based instructions, designing student-centered approach, and mentoring the implementation of student-centered learning indicated significant contribution. The teachers’ understanding of multiple intelligence-based instruction was the majority in the good category. The activity of designing the student-centered approach gave a good contribution to the capability of designing every single one of the multiple intelligences-based strategies. The mentoring system improved teachers’ performance greater than those of training and instructional design. Implementation of training, instructional design, and the mentoring system implies improving learning processes and outcomes. Strengthening the recruitment system of teachers and performance improvement, capacity building of educators to design models, approaches, strategies, methods, and learning activities, as well as establishing togetherness on all lines; government, principals, supervisors, community, and teachers as the primary element.
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Oviawe, Jane Itohan. "Technical Education Lecturers’ Knowledge of Students’ Engagement in Application of Interactive Instructional Strategies." Journal of Technology and Humanities 1, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53797/jthkkss.v1i1.1.2020.
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This study investigated technical education lecturers’ knowledge of students’ engagement application of interactive instructional strategies using descriptive survey research design. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study aimed to determine technical education lecturers’ knowledge of the: meaning and levels of students’ engagement in instruction; indicators of students’ engagement in instruction; factors that influence students’ engagement in instruction; and active learning strategies that promote students’ engagement in instruction. The population for the study consisted of all (92) technical education lecturers in both universities and colleges of education (technical) in South-South Nigeria. Since the population was not large, there was no sampling. The instrument used for data collection was a 20-item questionnaire derived from literature reviewed. Five experts validated the instrument. Cronbach Alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and a reliability coefficient of 0.83 was obtained. The research questions were answered using Mean statistic, while the null hypotheses were tested using t-test at .05 level of significance. The findings revealed that technical education lecturers were not adequately knowledgeable of the interactive instructional strategies that foster students’ engagement in instructions. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that students’ engagement in instruction should be emphasized in capacity building through mentoring and peer collaboration that offer technical teacher education programmes organized within tertiary institutions, by government and other stakeholders.
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Forsyth, Katherine L., Bethany R. Lowndes, Erik Prytz, Carl-Oscar Jonson, Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer, Stephanie F. Heller, M. Susan Hallbeck, and Renaldo C. Blocker. "Improving Instructions to Stop the Bleed." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601631.
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The Stop The Bleed initiative was developed by the Department of Homeland Security to educate lay providers in bleeding reduction strategies. The current study evaluated: (1)three tourniquet instructions using a simulated tourniquet task and (2)participant confidence levels in tourniquet use and lay provider training. Thirty participants with limited clinical experience applied a tourniquet to a simulated limb using one of three instruction sets. Twelve of these participants (40%) participated in a tourniquet training session and focus group to discuss each instruction set. Participants preferred the most simple and pictoral instruction set, and identified opportunities for improvement in each set. Participant confidence in tourniquet use increased significantly following the task and the focus group. After the focus group, participant confidence in instructing lay providers on proper tourniquet use significantly increased. Adding key steps, contextual pictures, and indicators of success to instructions could support lay providers stop the bleed in life-threatening situations.
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Risberg, Jonas, and Gustav Lymer. "Requests and know-how questions: Initiating instruction in workplace interaction." Discourse Studies 22, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 753–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445620928239.
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While it is recognized that instruction between co-workers is a central component of everyday workplace interaction and learning, this study investigates the ways in which such instructional events are practically initiated in interaction. We analyse recordings of everyday work at a radio station, where journalists prepare and broadcast local news. In our data, a distinction can be made between two interactional contexts from which instructional interactions emerge: searches, where one party is looking for a suitable helper; and established interactions, where the initiation of instruction is prefigured by immediate prior interaction. A further finding is that these two contexts are associated with two different ways of initiating instruction. Direct requests are used in established interactions. In searches, we instead find questions regarding the other person’s procedural knowledge – what we term know-how questions. We finally discuss the ways in which instructional configurations are assembled without reference to institutionally defined instructor/instructed roles.
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Osias Kit T. Kilag, Desiree Ann F. Maghanoy, Kristie Rose D. Dela Calzada-Seraña, and Ruby B. Ponte. "Integrating Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory into Online Instruction: A Case Study." European Journal of Learning on History and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/ejlhss.v1i1.6.
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This case study examines the integration of Sociocultural Theory (SCT) into an online course and its impact on learning outcomes and sense of community among senior high school students. Data were collected through pre- and post-course surveys, semi-structured interviews with the instructor and a subset of five students, and observations of the course discussions. Thematic analysis revealed four major themes: increased engagement and participation, improved learning outcomes, enhanced sense of community, and challenges and limitations. The findings suggest that integrating SCT principles into online instruction can lead to increased engagement and participation, improved learning outcomes, and enhanced sense of community among learners. The study also highlights some challenges and limitations, such as the need for clear guidelines and support for both instructors and students, and the importance of addressing the digital divide and ensuring access to technology and resources. This study contributes to the growing body of research on the application of SCT to online instruction and provides insights that can inform the development of effective online instructional practices that support learners' social and cultural experiences. The implications of this study are relevant for educators and instructional designers who seek to enhance the quality of online instruction and promote effective and inclusive learning environments. Future research in this area may further explore the impact of SCT on other aspects of online learning, such as motivation, self-regulated learning, and intercultural communication. Additionally, research can investigate the potential of integrating SCT into other educational contexts, such as blended or hybrid learning environments.
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Chen, Minjie, Hock Seng Goh, Ruey Shing Soo, and Guojie Yin. "The effectiveness of an instructional guide on Chinese pre-service EFL teachers’ knowledge in teaching phonics." Studies in English Language and Education 9, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 554–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i2.22780.
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In China, phonics instruction has been given substantial emphasis ever since the implementation of the 2011 National English Curriculum for Compulsory Education. However, many Chinese students’ learning outcome remains unsatisfactory due to EFL teachers’ insufficient knowledge to teach phonics and the absence of a phonics instructional guide. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate the effects of a newly developed phonics instructional guide on Chinese pre-service EFL teachers’ knowledge base to teach phonics. Adopting an experimental research design, the study was conducted at a teachers’ college in Sichuan Province, China. There were 172 pre-service EFL teachers assigned into two equivalent groups, namely the experimental group (N=86) and control group (N=86), who took a test respectively before and after the intervention. The measures of the test included seven dimensions aiming to elicit knowledge of general phonics, phonetic system, phonemic awareness, phonics decoding rules, phonics instructions, reinforcement methods, and sight word instructions. The experimental group participants undertook a 15-hour phonics training course using the newly developed Phonics Instructional Guide (PHOInG). The control group participants were taught using a conventional method involving the use of an English textbook prescribed by the college. Results revealed that the Chinese pre-service EFL teachers in the experimental group improved significantly in their overall knowledge base of English phonics and phonics instruction, except for phonemic awareness and knowledge of the phonetic system. These findings point to the importance of using a needs-based and theoretically informed instructional guide when providing phonics and phonics instruction training to Chinese EFL pre-service teachers.
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Levy, Shari, and Sharon Vaughn. "An Observational Study of Teachers’ Reading Instruction of Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders." Behavioral Disorders 27, no. 3 (May 2002): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874290202700303.
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The authors documented reading instructional practices for students with emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) as well as strategies used by teachers to redirect behavior and provide positive support during reading. Six teachers of students with E/BD were observed during reading instruction and interviewed. Three of the six teachers provided some reading instruction that was documented as effective and designed to meet the instructional needs of students. Controlling student behavior through isolating students, providing extensive time for worksheets, and negative feedback dominated four teachers’ reading instruction. Teachers reported limited knowledge about how to teach reading.
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Sato, Junya, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Yoko Yasuda, Rei Tanaka, Yoshio Kiyohara, Yuki Yamawaki, Megumi Endo, and Michihiro Shino. "Effectiveness of a pharmaceutical instruction video for adherence to dermatopathy treatment in patients with cancer receiving the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 7 (February 18, 2020): 1667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155220904149.
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Background Dermatopathy develops as a side effect in patients receiving anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody treatment. Topical moisturizers are used for the prevention and treatment of this dermatopathy. Active participation of patients in their own treatment is important for the appropriate application of topical preparations. We prepared a pharmaceutical instructional video for adhering to the topical application protocol. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of this pharmaceutical instructional video on treatment adherence. Methods Study participants were patients with cancer receiving the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody for the first time. A pharmacist instructed the patients on how to use the pharmaceutical instruction video. Daily topical preparation use following the video demonstration was assessed. The effectiveness of the pharmaceutical instruction video was evaluated by assessing the adherence of patients who did not use the pharmaceutical instruction video for the past 2 periods (26 months; controls 1 and 2). The incidence of side effects was compared between the two control groups and the group of patients who received the pharmaceutical instruction video. Results The amount of topical preparation consumed (median, g/day) by patients who received patient compliance instructions using the pharmaceutical instruction video was 9.8 g/day, as compared with control group 1 (4.5 g/day) and control group 2 (5.5 g/day) ( p < 0.001). There was no difference in the incidence of side effects during the three periods. Conclusion The use of visual instructional media for patient compliance by pharmacists may be effective in maintaining and improving treatment adherence.
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Dabiri, Asma. "Comparing Two Modes of Instruction in English Passive Structures (Processing and Meaning-Based Output Instruction)." JEES (Journal of English Educators Society) 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jees.v3i1.1259.
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This research compared the effects of two types of instruction: Processing Instruction (PI) and Meaning-based Output Instruction (MOI) on the interpretation and production of English passive structures. Ninety EFL intermediate tertiary level female students (PI group= 30, MOI group= 30 and control group = 30) participated in this study. The instruments were a proficiency test, a test to assess English passive structures and two instructional materials (PI and MOI). The data were analyzed by running one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mixed between-within ANOVA. The study indicated the effectiveness of PI and MOI on English passive structures. PI had considerable enhancement on interpretation tasks all the time. It supported the use of PI rather than the use of traditional instructions in which mechanical components were emphasized. Also, the PI and MOI had long term effects on the interpretation and production of English passive sentences. This study supported the use of PI and MOI rather than the use of traditional instruction (TI) in EFL settings. The implication for particularly classroom teaching is that successful grammar instruction has to related to ultimate learning outcomes. Also, creating communicative tasks to offer opportunities for teaching grammar can lead to long-lasting learning effects.
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Roth, Wolff-Michael. "The gap between instruction (plan) and situated action: A challenge to semiotics?" Semiotica 2018, no. 221 (March 26, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0084.
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AbstractIn this study, I describe a potential challenge to semiotics, which exists in the fact that no interpretation of an instruction (text) can get us closer to doing what the instructional text describes. I provide a praxeological description of a situation in a software development firm where the instructions (rules) for a particular type of meeting are inscribed on the whiteboard in front of which the meetings were held. I discuss the gap between instructions and the behavior they describe and the moral order of praxis that is not inscribed in instructions.
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Kraemer, Elizabeth W., Shawn V. Lombardo, and Frank J. Lepkowski. "The Librarian, the Machine, or a Little of Both: A Comparative Study of Three Information Literacy Pedagogies at Oakland University." College & Research Libraries 68, no. 4 (July 1, 2007): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.68.4.330.
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Each year, Oakland library faculty provide information literacy instruction for Rhetoric 160, a first-year writing course, through a combination of WebCT-based online tutorials and in-class teaching. For this study, twelve sections of RHT 160 during the winter 2005 term were selected to compare three instructional methods: online instruction only, live instruction, and the current “hybrid” combination of live instruction and online tutorials. The sections were assigned to one of the instructional methods and, to assess student learning, all students (n=224) completed identical pre- and post-tests. Results of the study, including differences in student performance in relation to pedagogy, are discussed.
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Nápoles, Jessica. "Teacher Talk and Perceived Teacher Effectiveness: An Exploratory Study." Update: Applications of Research in Music Education 35, no. 3 (January 8, 2016): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755123315626228.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of teachers, ensemble members, and outside observers when evaluating the effectiveness of rehearsals conducted with reduced amounts of verbal instruction. Preservice teachers led choral rehearsals employing Archibeque’s “rule of seven,” wherein instructions were delivered in seven words or fewer. Immediately following the teaching session, participants responded to the question: “What was your perception of this assignment and what did you notice about teaching effectiveness?” Outside observers responded to the same prompt. Findings indicated that choral members preferred rehearsals with reduced verbal instruction because they were able to perform more, with fewer interruptions. The preservice teachers favored the opportunity to organize their thoughts and focus instruction, but they expressed frustration with feeling stifled in leading rehearsal. The outside observers approved of the rehearsal pacing but were concerned by the lack of specificity in instruction and feedback.
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Saletin, Jared, Judith Owens, Kyla Wahlstrom, Sarah Honaker, Amy Wolfson, Azizi Seixas, Patricia Wong, Mary Carskadon, and Lisa Meltzer. "237 Sleep disturbances, online instruction, and learning during COVID-19: evidence from 4148 adolescents in the NESTED study." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A94—A95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.236.
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Abstract Introduction COVID-19 fundamentally altered education in the United States. A variety of in-person, hybrid, and online instruction formats took hold in Fall 2020 as schools reopened. The Nationwide Education and School in TEens During COVID (NESTED) study assessed how these changes impacted sleep. Here we examined how instruction format was associated with sleep disruption and learning outcomes. Methods Data from 4148 grade 6-12 students were included in the current analyses (61% non-male; 34% non-white; 13% middle-school). Each student’s instructional format was categorized as: (i) in-person; (ii) hybrid [≥1 day/week in-person]; (iii) online/synchronous (scheduled classes); (iv) online/asynchronous (unscheduled classes); (v) online-mixed; or (vi) no-school. Sleep disturbances (i.e., difficulty falling/staying asleep) were measured with validated PROMIS t-scores. A bootstrapped structural equation model examined how instructional format and sleep disturbances predict school/learning success (SLS), a latent variable loading onto 3 outcomes: (i) school engagement (ii) likert-rated school stress; and (iii) cognitive function (PROMIS t-scores). The model covaried for gender, race-ethnicity, and school-level Results Our model fit well (RMSEA=.041). Examining total effects (direct + indirect), online and hybrid instruction were associated with lower SLS (b’s:-.06 to -.26; p’s<.01). The three online groups had the strongest effects (synchronous: b=-.15; 95%CI: [-.20, -.11]; asynchronous: b=-.17; [-.23, -.11]; mixed: b=-.14; [-.19, -.098]; p’s<.001). Sleep disturbance was also negatively associated with SLS (b=-.02; [-.02, -.02], p<.001). Monte-carlo simulations confirmed sleep disturbance mediated online instruction’s influence on SLS. The strongest effect was found for asynchronous instruction, with sleep disturbance mediating 24% of its effect (b = -.042; [-0.065, -.019]; p<.001). This sleep-mediated influence of asynchronous instruction propagated down to each SLS measure (p’s<.001), including a near 3-point difference on PROMIS cognitive scores (b = -2.86; [-3.73, -2.00]). Conclusion These analyses from the NESTED study indicate that sleep disruption may be one mechanism through which online instruction impacted learning during the pandemic. Sleep disturbances were unexpectedly influential for unscheduled instruction (i.e., asynchronous). Future analyses will examine specific sleep parameters (e.g., timing) and whether sleep’s influence differs in teens who self-report learning/behavior problems (e.g., ADHD). These nationwide data further underscore the importance of considering sleep as educators and policy makers determine school schedules. Support (if any):
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Mundir, Alim Al Ayub Ahmed, Muhammed Salim Keezhatta, Bakhrul Khair Amal, Sandhir Sharma, Asaad Jassaim Shanan, Muneam Hussein Ali, and Mir Mohammad Farooq Haidari. "The Comparative Effect of Online Instruction, Flipped Instruction, and Traditional Instruction on Developing Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Knowledge." Education Research International 2022 (February 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6242062.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, using online and flipped instruction is the best alternative for traditional instruction. Therefore, this study compared the effects of three instructions, including online, flipped, and traditional, on improving Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary knowledge. To do so, 90 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were selected among 119 students as the participants of this study. The target participants were randomly divided into three equal groups (online, flipped, and traditional). After that, all groups were pretested by a vocabulary test. Then, the participants of one group received the treatment by using fully online instruction, and the other group participants received a flipped instruction. On the other hand, the participants of the third group received conventional vocabulary instruction. After teaching 100 new English words to all groups with three different instructions, a vocabulary posttest was administered to all participants. The paired samples t-test and one-way ANOVA results indicated that both online and flipped groups outperformed the control group in the vocabulary posttest. In addition, the findings revealed the flipped group outflanked the online group in the posttest of vocabulary. The implications of this study can encourage both EFL teachers and learners to integrate the flipped and online instructions into their teaching and learning processes.
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Handayani, Trifita. "THE EFFECTS OF IMPLICIT VERSUS EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS TO TEACH REFUSAL STRATEGIES ON STUDENTS’ SOCIOPRAGMATIC AND PRAGMALINGUISTIC COMPETENCE." ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI 4, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/eji.v4i1.864.
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Abstract
The purposes of the study were to explain the effects of implicit instruction on student’s sociopragmatic competences, implicit instructions on students’ pragmalinguistic competences, explicit instructions on students’ sociopragmatic competences, explicit instructions on students’ pragmalinguistic competences, the differences between implicit and explicit instructions on students’ sociopragmatic competences, the differences between implicit and explicit instructions on student’s pragmalinguistic competences, and the interaction between instructions with the students’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competences. The study used a quantitative research by using experimental factorial design 2x2. The data were taken from 80 second semester students at English Language Education Study Program at STAIN. The result of the study revealed that the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students’ sociopragmatic was 80.000 while explicit 92.550. Meanwhile, the mean score of post-test in implicit instruction on students’ pragmalinguistic was 83.000 while explicit 95.5000. It could be concluded that explicit has better effect to teach refusal strategies than implicit instruction on students’ sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic competence based on the difference between the means score on implicit and explicit.
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Bajracharya, Jiwak Raj. "TPACK-integrated Worked Examples for Technology Integration." Journal of Training and Development 4 (December 24, 2019): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtd.v4i0.26837.
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The purpose of the study was to develop and validate the Worked Examples to enhance the instructors’ competencies in carrying out technology integration during teaching and learning. Worked Examples in the study was developed based on the Gagne’s Nine Event of Instruction, which is one of the classroom-oriented micro level Instructional Design Models. Technology integration in the study is defined as an implementation of technological resources and pedagogical strategies to deliver the required content knowledge during classroom instruction. Thus, Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) was integrated in the developed Worked Examples. Development and Design research design was implemented to develop and validate the Worked Examples, employing qualitative and quantitative data, where three instructors from Teacher Education Program utilized Worked Examples during their classroom instruction. Extraneous cognitive load of instructors found to be addressed because of employing Worked Examples. Furthermore, pre-service teachers learning outcomes was also significantly improved because of instructors’ instructions with Worked Examples.
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Piercey, C. Darren. "Emphasizing Nonword Decisions in Word-Decision Performance." Psychological Reports 103, no. 1 (August 2008): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.103.1.97-101.
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A robust finding in the lexical decision literature is that decisions to words are made more quickly and accurately than decisions to nonwords. When instructions are presented to participants prior to an experiment, an emphasis is usually placed on identifying words. This study assessed whether instructing participants to emphasize nonword decisions would affect the performance of the speed and accuracy of identification. A total of 98 individuals took part, 49 in a Word Instruction condition and 49 in a Nonword Instruction condition. Analysis indicated changes in emphasis on words versus nonwords decreased the difference in mean reaction time between word and nonword decisions. An interesting finding is that the manipulation of instructions affected reaction times to words but not to nonwords. The analysis of accuracy yielded no significant comparisons. Further research is required to assess the importance of the finding that the manipulation of instructions affects only word decisions.
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Amida, Ademola, Isaac Chang, and David Yearwood. "Designing a practical lab-based assessment: a case study." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 3 (November 16, 2019): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-08-2019-0194.
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Purpose This paper aims to present the finding of a practical lab assessment used to evaluate students’ mastery of Ohm’s law. The researchers used an approach combining different instruction types and lab formats to examine whether this combination produced a unique effect on students’ performance. This multifaceted approach provided evidence about how assessment design could affect students’ lab performance. The study also discussed various strategies that could guide instructors and curriculum designers about how to incorporate lab tasks into their curriculum to facilitate students’ mastery of subject content. Design/methodology/approach This study was a quantitative experiment that used a factorial repeated measures design. The design allowed the researchers to measure participants’ task scores and time across different treatment conditions, hence enabling the effects of lab format and instructional type to be observed. All participants were recruited through the convenience sampling strategy. Findings The results suggested that there was a statistically significant difference in the time taken to complete the task. However, no statistically significant difference was recorded in the participants’ task scores. Overall, it appeared that participants performed better in the simulation-based labs with expository instructions. Originality/value The current study contributes to the body of knowledge on the effect of lab format and instructional type on students’ performance in lab-based assessments. The results presented here may also help instructors to determine the most appropriate form of lab formats and instruction types to be used in an electronics course.
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Melka, Yirgalem Girma, and Italo Beriso Jatta. "Study the Effects of Differentiated Instruction on English Grammar Teaching in Ethiopia." Development of education 5, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-103546.
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The purpose of the current study was to explore the effects of differentiated instruction, a neglected instructional practice in the Ethiopia in the EFL class in the contemporary diverse classroom situations. To achieve this purpose, the study adopted the quasi-experimental study design and randomly selected two intact classes consisting of 84 grade 12 students (CG:43, EG:41) and pre-tested to prove the comparability of the students’ grammar learning achievement. Relevant quantitative data were gathered using an English grammar learning achievement test. The intervention lasted for 12 consecutive weeks from October 2022 through early January 2022. The experimental group was taught using flexible grouping, tiered instructions, scaffolding techniques, and anchored activities as differentiated instructional strategies while the control group was taught English grammar following the one-size-fits-all conventional approach that hardly addresses or neglects students’ diverse learning needs. This group was taught a similar language focus using only textbook-provided activities. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, version 24 software. Confirming the normality of the quantitative data, the independent t-test and dependent t-test were used in analyzing the pre-test and post-test data, but the qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. The findings of the study indicated that the overall mean gains for the experimental group significantly differed from the corresponding comparison group’s post-test test mean gains. The within-group comparison also showed that the post-test results of the experimental group were significantly different from the pretest results. The calculated effect size for the dependent t-test and independent t-tests were found to be moderate and large. The effect size for the treatment group exposed to differentiated instructions revealed meaningful improvement in the students’ English grammar learning. In light of the main results, the study concluded that DI significantly improved students’ English grammar learning achievement. Accordingly, the study suggested that differentiated instruction should be integrated into the regular EFL class to promote students’ learning.
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Lapp, Justin L., Andrew Goupee, and Wilhelm A. Friess. "A Case Study on the Administrative Impacts of Different Engineering Capstone Teaching Modalities." Education Sciences 13, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13101049.
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The capstone experience in engineering curriculums is a critical component focused on the unification of several years of student learning, but its unique nature can present challenges to engineering departments in faculty assignment and ensuring consistent, high-quality instruction. During a seven-year period, five instructional modalities, defining the interaction between students and faculty, were explored in capstone courses in the University of Maine Mechanical Engineering Department. By sharing the lessons learned from this case study, other engineering departments can make more informed decisions about how to operate capstone courses. We present the benefits and challenges of each modality and evaluate them for scalability, student satisfaction, project diversity, cost, and instructor workload. Annual data were collected on student, instructor, and project counts. Data from student evaluations and department budgets were used to evaluate student satisfaction and costs, respectively. Insights from the three authors, who were the primary capstone instructors during this study, are shared as part of the evaluations and lessons learned. Key results are that cost, student satisfaction, and project diversity did not depend strongly on the teaching modality. However, scalability and instructor workload were highly dependent on the teaching modality. The University of Maine Mechanical Engineering Department sees the most promise in a modality with multiple lead instructors who each oversee a portion of the teams, which provides scalability to add or remove instructors, and the ability for high-quality instruction through close coordination of a small instructor group.
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MacLeod, Rebecca B. "The Perceived Effectiveness of Nonverbal, Co-Verbal, and Verbal String Ensemble Instruction: Student, Teacher, and Observer Views." Journal of Music Teacher Education 27, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057083717739790.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how students, teachers, and outside observers perceive teaching effectiveness within a university-level string ensemble rehearsal setting. Students, teachers, and observers reflected on six rehearsal segments that used primarily nonverbal, co-verbal, or verbal instruction as outlined by Bob Culver in the Master Teacher Profile. Overall, participants viewed the verbal teaching episodes as being most effective, and expressed a preference for several elements associated with the verbal instructional mode. Five common elements of effective rehearsals identified by participants were Specific Instructions and Feedback, Delivery Skills and Eye Contact, Audible and Focused Co-Verbal Instruction Prompts, Conducting Effectiveness, and Ensemble Progress. Effectiveness perceptions were colored by participants’ sense of each teacher’s comfort with the different instructional modes as well as the elements of rehearsal teaching they personally valued.
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Farahani, Samieh, Imaneh Farahani, Bjoern B. Burckhardt, Holger Schwender, and Stephanie Laeer. "Self-Instruction Video Versus Face-to-Face Instruction of Pharmacy Students’ Skills in Blood Pressure Measurement." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040217.
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A modern approach to clinical skill education is the use of educational videos, yet there is a shortage of literature investigating the effect of self-instruction videos (SIVs) in pharmacy students. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether an SIV is non-inferior compared to face-to-face instruction (FTFI) in acquiring blood pressure measurement skills. The participants in this randomized controlled study were pharmacy students. The control group was taught by FTFI, while the intervention group watched an SIV. Before and after the instruction, the participants’ performance was assessed by an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The participants completed a self-assessment survey before each OSCE session. Moreover, the participants’ perception and satisfaction were assessed using another survey. The OSCE score and self-assessment score increased significantly from pre- to post-instruction in both groups. The SIV was non-inferior compared to FTFI in terms of the OSCE score, considering a predefined non-inferiority margin of −10%. The participants’ self-assessment yielded inconclusive results for non-inferiority. Both instructional approaches were well received. Considering our findings, SIVs might be a valuable option for teaching pharmacy students’ blood pressure measurement skills. However, depending on the skill intended to be taught, a combination of an instructional video with instructor-led teaching may be necessary.
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Davie, Emily, Malissa Martin, Micki Cuppett, and Denise Lebsack. "Effectiveness of Mobile Learning on Athletic Training Psychomotor Skill Acquisition." Athletic Training Education Journal 10, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1004287.
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Context Instruction of psychomotor skills is an important component of athletic training education. Accommodating the varied learning abilities and preferences of athletic training students can be challenging for an instructor initiating skill acquisition in a traditional face-to-face (F2F) environment. Video instruction available on mobile devices may offer an alternative teaching tool, allowing for student-initiated learning. Objective To compare outcomes of Quick Clips (QC) instruction with F2F instruction as measured by skill-examination scores. Design Quasi-experimental. Setting Five higher learning institutions with Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited athletic training education programs. Patients or Other Participants Seventy-four pre-athletic training students, average age 18.86 ± 1.0 years (49 women, 25 men), volunteered for this study. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 instructional groups (F2F or QC). Intervention(s) The principal investigator provided F2F instruction to 38 participants in 3 skills (knee valgus stress test, middle trapezius manual muscle test, and goniometric measurement of active ankle dorsiflexion). The remaining 36 participants watched 3 QC videos demonstrating the same skills. Main Outcome Measure(s) Three individual skill exam scores and the total score. Results A 1-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated a significant effect (P < .0001) of instructional method on exam scores. Follow-up univariate analysis of variance indicated knee valgus stress test exam scores were significantly higher after F2F instruction (P < .0001). Neither manual muscle test nor goniometric measurement exam scores were affected by instructional method. Conclusions The findings support the use of QC as an alternative to F2F instruction for 2 of the 3 skills. This finding is similar to studies reported in the nursing literature on computer-assisted learning, which found inconclusive evidence to support the superiority of one method over another. Mobile video instruction is an effective teaching strategy. It may be best utilized to supplement traditional F2F instruction.
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Kawashima, Michie. "Giving instruction on self-care during midwifery consultations in Japan." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 20, no. 2 (July 15, 2010): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.20.2.03kaw.
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This study focuses on instructional talk during prenatal visits in Japan. In order to prepare an upcoming delivery, a midwife often engages in instructional talk about the patient’s self-care at home. Yet, giving instruction is an interactionally challenging task, even in the medical setting. For example, a recipient may not accept advice easily, since this may reveal a recipient’s lack of knowledge and incompetence. By using conversation analysis, I find some interactional steps through which a midwife establishes interactional relevance of instruction. These steps include (1) assuring readiness of a recipient, (2) unpacking instruction and (3) contextualizing the instruction to a recipient’s everyday life. In each step, a patient’s claim for her competency and concern is used as a resource for developing the instructions. For example, a midwife gives advice to a patient about self-care in order to address the patient concerns. Instead of simply teaching what is generally considered necessary to self-care for delivery, a midwife designs her advice according to what an individual patient has expressed as a concern and what can be anticipated for her situation given her social category. This allows a more individualized presentation manner, which may encourage a patient’s active participation in her self-care.
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Ristiyati, Ristiyati, Ika Maryani, and Suyatno Suyatno. "Differentiated Instruction in Indonesian Private Kindergartens: Challenges in Implementing an Independent Curriculum." International Journal of Educational Management and Innovation 4, no. 3 (October 13, 2023): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijemi.v4i3.8967.
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Differentiated instruction facilitates learning based on students’ unique interests, preparedness for learning, and learning profiles. Many teachers lack a comprehensive understanding of differentiated instruction, particularly in kindergarten. Teachers used to employ Student Worksheets to facilitate learning. This study aims to: (1) the implementation of differentiated instruction at an Indonesian private kindergarten, (2) the factors that facilitate the instruction’s implementation, and (3) the efforts to deal with any challenges encountered during the implementation of the instruction. This study employed a qualitative case study design to capture a phenomenon comprehensively and contextually by gathering data directly from the subject under investigation. The study was executed at Aisyiyah Kindergarten, Sukorejo, Indonesia. It is the only Indonesian kindergarten in Sukorejo that incorporates an independent curriculum called Sekolah Penggerak. Teachers implement holistic-integrative learning design to differentiate instructional activities. Learning media containing STEAM Loose parts were utilized to determine various factors that may facilitate or impede the instruction. Factors that facilitate instruction include the learning environment, media utilization, teachers’ creativity, the student-teacher relationship, the implementation of teaching techniques, students’ psychological well-being, and community support beyond the school setting. The inhibitory factors encompass a scarcity of learning resources, students’ lack of preparedness for learning, a shortage of teachers, and inadequate infrastructure. This study revealed that the school tried to address the challenges by collaborating with the community inside and outside the school, such as with student guardians, the foundation administrator, and related agencies
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Riyadi, Aris, Ibrahim Bafadal, Burhanuddin Burhanuddin, and Agus Timan. "Instructional Leadership, Differentiated Instruction, Community of Practice, and Student Wellbeing: Based on the Perspective of the Principal Strengthening Training Policy." Pedagogika 149, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2023.149.1.
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between the principal's instructional leadership, differentiated instruction, community of practice, and student wellbeing. This study uses multiple regression analysis with the consistent PLS. The results showed that instructional leadership has a positive relationship with differentiated instruction and a community of practice. Differentiated instruction and community of practice have a positive relationship with student wellbeing.
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Truong, Jasmine M., M. Elizabeth Barnes, and Sara E. Brownell. "Can Six Minutes of Culturally Competent Evolution Education Reduce Students' Level of Perceived Conflict Between Evolution and Religion?" American Biology Teacher 80, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2018.80.2.106.
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Evolution is foundational to biology but is controversial for many undergraduate students. Although evolution and religion are potentially compatible, students' perceived conflict between their religious beliefs and evolution can negatively affect their acceptance of evolution. In a previous study, we found that illustrating the potential compatibility of religion and evolution decreased the number of students who perceived a conflict between religion and evolution by 53 percent. However, in the previous study, the instruction on the potential compatibility of religion and evolution took a significant amount of instructional time, which could be a barrier for implementation. In this current study, we condensed the instruction illustrating the potential compatibility of religion and evolution to six minutes. By conducting qualitative analyses on data gathered from ten students who perceived a conflict before the evolution module, we found that eight of these students reduced their level of perceived conflict after the evolution module. We identified eight distinct aspects of the evolution instruction that students stated reduced their perceived conflict, including that the instructor did not force student acceptance of evolution, the instructor was respectful of students with multiple viewpoints on evolution, and students experienced a greater exposure to evolution content.
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Rau, Pei-Luen Patrick, and Sho-Hsen Chen. "A Study of Electronic Annotation on Web Documents." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 5 (September 2002): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600517.
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This study develops an electronic annotation system, allowing users to annotate on hypertexts, to build up knowledge structure, and to browse instructions provided by the system administrator or the instructor electronically. The electronic annotation system is a distributed World Wide Web application based on HTTP access and allows annotations on HTML documents. The major functions of the electronic annotation system include highlighting texts, inserting and editing annotations, and organizing and presenting annotations hierarchically. The five interactive components of the electronic annotation system are Main Tool Bar, Hypertext, Annotation Editor, Hierarchy Viewer, and Instruction Viewer. A user test was conducted to investigate the effect of the location of electronic annotating (Annotation Editor) on reading performance in terms of recall and degree of satisfaction.
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Williams, Florence. "Implementing Foundations of Quality through Online and Hybrid Course Design: A Study-Away Course Case Study." Journal of Adult Education in Tanzania 25, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.61408/jaet2023v25i02.01.
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The far reaching social, political, and economic COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted students, leading to significant changes in the online learning landscape. Disengagement in e-classrooms due to external distractions prompted educators, even those experienced in diverse course formats, to seek innovative ways to foster engagement. In this case-based qualitative research on course design quality, a student-facing higher education instructor and a faculty-assisting instructional designer employed qualitative methods to explore quality components and transform a study-away course. Key steps included effective instruction, intentional design, inclusive environments, learner-centred approaches, engaging activities, and community focus. The findings revealed that the recursive ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) process facilitated reflection and meaningful change within these foundations of quality. We propose a learner-centric model where students are architects of their development, and faculty function as facilitators. These adaptable methods span disciplines and formats, informing future education research and practice. Keywords: study-away course, course improvement, higher education, instructional design, quality
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Hill, Heather C., Erica Litke, and Kathleen Lynch. "Learning Lessons from Instruction: Descriptive Results from an Observational Study of Urban Elementary Classrooms." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 120, no. 12 (December 2018): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811812001207.
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Background For nearly three decades, policy makers and researchers in the United States have promoted more intellectually rigorous standards for mathematics teaching and learning. Yet, to date, we have limited descriptive evidence on the extent to which reform-oriented instruction has been enacted at scale. Purpose The purpose of the study is to examine the prevalence of reform-aligned mathematics instructional practices in five U.S. school districts. We also seek to describe the range of instruction students experience by presenting case studies of teachers at high, medium, and low levels of reform alignment. Participants We draw on 1,735 video-recorded lessons from 329 elementary teachers in these five U.S. urban districts. Research Design We present descriptive analyses of lesson scores on a mathematics-focused classroom observation instrument. We also draw on interviews with district personnel, rater-written lesson summaries, and lesson video to develop case studies of instructional practice. Findings We find that teachers in our sample do use reform-aligned instructional practices, but they do so within the confines of traditional lesson formats. We also find that the implementation of these instructional practices varies in quality. Furthermore, the prevalence and strength of these practices corresponds to the coherence of district efforts at instructional reform. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, unlike other studies in which reform-oriented instruction rarely occurred, reform practices do appear to some degree in study classrooms. In addition, our analyses suggest that implementation of these reform practices corresponds to the strength and coherence of district efforts to change instruction.
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Oguguo, Basil, Roseline Ezechukwu, Fadip Nannim, and Kelechi Offor. "Analysis of teachers in the use of digital resources in online teaching and assessment in COVID times." Innoeduca. International Journal of Technology and Educational Innovation 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/innoeduca.2023.v9i1.15419.
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The study considered the use of online learning applications for instructional delivery and assessment purposes in higher institutions of learning that stimulates a new atmosphere where lecturers could utilize these facilities to promote learning. The study also determined the gender difference between lecturers use of online learning applications for instructional delivery and classroom assessment in a post-covid context. The digital applications analyzed in this study include Google classroom, Email, Moodle, Canvas, Google, Microsoft Team, Zoom, Google Meet, Cisco Webinar, Facebook groups, Open Educational Resources (OERs), Google docs, Google slide, WhatsApp and Telegram Channel. At present, however, opinions are divided over the extent to which lecturers utilize these online learning applications in instruction and assessment. A descriptive survey research design was adopted with 152 participants (n = 88 males and n = 64 females) for the study and the instrument used for data collection was Utilization of Online Leaning Applications in Classroom Instruction and Continuous Assessment Questionnaire (UOLACICAQ). On December 2021, the participants completed the Questionnaire. The internal consistency of the instrument was determined using Cronbach’s Alpha and the reliability index of .93 was obtained. Results of the study show a low extent of utilization of online learning applications in classroom instruction and continuous assessment (Canvas, Microsoft Team, Google Meet, Cisco Webinar, OERs, Google slide, Telegram Channel, Facebook groups, Moodle, Google Classroom, learning management systems, Google forms and Google sheet). There was however, a significant difference between male and female lecturers' use of online learning applications for continuous assessment. Lecturers’ utilization of online learning applications in instruction and assessment of learning will expose them to different online learning applications used in delivery instructions and assessing students’ learning. The research supplies good idea of the instrument for measuring those staked learning outcomes in higher institution. However, lecturers do not differ in terms of the extent to which they use online learning applications while delivering instructions in the classroom based on gender.
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Pujar, Dr Anita M., and Sunita M. Dol. "VHDLISTE: An Instructional Strategy to Cover the Additional Content beyond the Curriculum." Journal of Engineering Education Transformations 37, S2 (January 1, 2024): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.16920/jeet/2024/v37is2/24021.
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Abstract: In current scenario of engineering education, Students must have more practical knowledge and skills required to work in the technologies that are currently used in industries though they are not the part of the curriculum. The instruction based videos help students to develop their hands on the new skills that are essential for their adaptability to new technologies. Handout is the guided document which contains the instructions to follow during the laboratory session to complete the problem statement given in the assignment. Assessment of their knowledge acquirement and skills is done through grading of assignments given to them. So in this article, VHDLISTE (Instructional Videos followed by Handout Learning – Implement, Submit, Test, and Evaluate) instructional strategy is designed and implemented for Tableau: A Visual Data Analytics Tool which is the part of the course Business Intelligence and Big Data Analytics of Final Year Computer Science and Engineering but is not covered in the syllabus. This VHDLISTE instructional strategy consists of six phases V- Instructional Videos, HDL- Handout Learning, I – Implement, S – Submit, T-Test, and E – Evaluate. In first phase V - Instructional Videos phase, students watch the instructional videos prepared by the instructor to get acquainted with the Tableau tool. In second phase HDL, students go through the lab handouts to read the instructions given for completing the lab assignment. In I – Implement phase, students implement the problem statement related to Tableau tool while test on covered topics is conducted in T-Test phase. In S – Submit, students submit the problem statement on institutional MOODLE. Instructor conducts the test on covered topic in T-Test phase. Instructor evaluates the problem statement as well as test submitted by students on institutional MOODLE in E – Evaluate phase.Learning objective (LOs) of this study is to teach the problem analysing and solving ability. These LOs are 1) Apply Filters on Dimensions and Measures for given dataset using Tableau (LO1) and 2) Apply K-means Clustering on given dataset in Tableau (LO2). The research question is - Whether the use of instructional strategy VHDLISTE is useful for learning the content beyond the curriculum? This activity is conducted for two Academic Years 2020-21, 2021-22 and 2022-23. The result of applying this strategy and perception of students are also explained. The result showed that this strategy improves the problem analysis as well as problem solving ability of students. Using t-test statistical analysis, it is found that there is significant difference in mean score between sample and overall population means for LO1 as well as LO2 for all these three years. Keywords: Learning Objectives, Handouts, Instruction based Videos, t-Test
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Springer, D. Gregory, Amanda L. Schlegel, and Andrew J. Lewis. "Effects of Dark and Bright Timbral Instructions on the Production of Pitch and Timbre." Journal of Research in Music Education 68, no. 4 (August 6, 2020): 482–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429420944347.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of timbral instructions on pitch and timbre production. High school ( n = 28) and collegiate ( n = 28) trumpeters played sustained tones at two octave levels (written C4 and C5) following three types of timbral instructions (dark-timbre, bright-timbre, or neutral instructions). Presentation orders were randomly assigned. Dependent variables included one acoustical measure of pitch (absolute cent deviation) and one acoustical measure of timbre (spectral centroid). Participants also reported which type of instruction they perceived to result in their “best sound” and their “most in-tune performance.” Results indicated a significant interaction between timbral instruction condition and octave. Post hoc testing revealed that timbral instructions affected participants’ absolute cent deviation, but different effects were observed in each octave. The effect of timbral instructions on participants’ spectral centroid was nonsignificant. Participants demonstrated a preference for the neutral instruction over the dark- and bright-timbre instructions, and their tuning accuracy varied by octave and instruction condition. These data suggest that music educators may need to use timbral instructions judiciously so that the instruction to play with a different timbre does not result in unintentional changes in pitch.
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Matsuo, Tokuro, and Takayuki Fujimoto. "Analogical Thinking Based Instruction Method in IT Professional Education." International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jhcitp.2010070101.
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In designing a new teaching system, a challenging issue is how the system intelligently supports learners. This paper describes a methodology and a system design on the intelligent instruction support for software engineering education. For information science courses at a university, software engineering subjects are usually compulsory and students study dominant conceptions of implementation like software architecture, and the methodology of software design in software engineering lectures. To enhance learners’ understanding, the authors design a novel instructional model based on the analogical thinking theory. The analogical thinking-based instruction consists of concrete teaching methods like analogy dropping method, self role-play method, and the anthropomorphic thinking method. Questionnaires for learners after the instructions give results of effective education in an actual trial. The contribution of this paper is to provide a new instruction theory, the way of educational practice method, and implementation of the system.
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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Role of Instructor Qualifications, Assessment and Pedagogical Practices in EFL Students’ Grammar and Writing Proficiency." Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices 4, no. 2 (April 9, 2022): 06–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2022.4.2.2.
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Three groups of EFL freshman students were concurrently enrolled in a grammar and a writing course. One group was taught the grammar and writing courses by the same instructor; the other two groups were taught grammar and writing by two different instructors using the same textbook but different instructional and assessment techniques. The study aims to find out which group made higher gains in grammatical knowledge and writing skill development. It also aimed to find out the effects of instructor qualifications, assessment, and pedagogical variables on students’ grammatical competence and writing skill development. Comparisons of the grammar and writing post-tests showed significant differences between the three groups in the writing and grammar post-test mean scores. There were strong correlations between the grammar and writing post-test scores. Performance of the Group that received a combination of writing and grammar instruction by the same instructor (Instructor A) was the highest. The relationship between grammar and writing instruction seems to be reciprocal: writing instruction affects grammatical competence and grammatical knowledge affects writing skill development. Better achievements were made when both courses were taught by the same instructor as she can make the right connections between what is taught in both courses, which specific structures and skills should be emphasized. The instructors’ qualifications, pedagogical system, educational and professional experience, the integration of online instruction, the type of error correction and instant feedback given to the students and the formative assessment technique used were significantly more effective than writing/grammar instruction that depended on the textbook alone. These variables proved to be important for enhancing the grammatical knowledge and writing quality of unskilled, low ability EFL students and resulted in a significant improvement in their grammar and writing post-test scores.
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Albinet, C., and K. Fezzani. "Instruction in Learning a Temporal Pattern on an Anticipation-Coincidence Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 97, no. 1 (August 2003): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.97.1.71.
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Using a computer-simulated anticipation-coincidence task, the main aim of the study was to examine the effect of the type of instruction on learning a temporal pattern. For this task, participants must learn to anticipate the appropriate time to launch a projectile to hit a moving target. The experiment involved three instructional conditions. In the Explicit-rule Discover Instruction Condition participants were informed that target speed could change from trial to trial and that change is controlled by a regular pattern. Their task was then to search, to identify, and to use such pattern to enhance their anticipation. In the Explicit-Informative Instruction Condition, participants were, however, allowed before practice to examine attentively the regular pattern. Participants were also explicitly urged to use the pattern they observed to ensure a better interception of the target. Finally, in the Implicit Instruction Condition, participants were only informed that their task was to hit, or at least, to place the projectile as near as possible to the target. No additional information was provided about the target's behaviour. Analysis indicated that learning the temporal pattern was more important in Implicit than in Explicit-rule Discover Instruction Condition. However, the Explicit-Informative Instruction Condition produced unambiguously the highest learning. Overall, the study highlights the role of information over guidance in the understanding of the effect of the instructions on learning. Finally, we discussed the implications of these results on the comprehension of the variability of the effects of the instruction on learning.
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Hamaluba, Dr Tommie, Hamusankwa Moono Hamaluba, and Job Hamusankwa. "Harnessing the Potential of Indigenous Language Instruction in Zambian Lower Primary Schools: A Comprehensive Examination." World Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 4 (July 6, 2023): p16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v10n4p16.
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This study examines the impact of using local languages versus English as the medium of instruction in Zambian primary schools. It focuses on grades one to four in selected schools in Livingstone District, following the policy change to promote local languages. Using a case study approach, both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed, with data collected through questionnaires. The sample includes 50 participants (pupils, teachers, and administrators) selected randomly. SPSS and Excel are used to analyze the collected quantitative data.Findings reveal that Zambian children face similar challenges in learning to read English as those learning a new language. Language divergence between the learner’s dialect and the instructional dialect significantly affects learning and reading difficulties. The greater the divergence, the harder the learning process becomes. Bridging the gap between vernacular-speaking children’s existing language forms and those found in reading materials and teacher instructions is crucial, particularly during initial literacy instruction. The study presents compelling evidence supporting the use of local languages as the medium of instruction instead of English.
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Mirawati, I. Gusti Ayu, Ni Komang Arie Suwastini, Novi Diah Haryanti, and I. Gusti Agung Sri Rwa Jayantini. "DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTIONS: RELEVANT STUDIES ON ITS IMPLEMENTATION." Prasi 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/prasi.v17i1.41867.
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Differentiated instructions have been recommended for classrooms with students of different readiness, learning profiles, and backgrounds in English classrooms. This study aimed at elaborating the implementation of differentiated instruction in terms of its advantages and the challenges encountered by teachers and students in implementing differentiated instruction. The study was designed as library research, following George's ten steps (2008) model. Experts' opinions and previous studies were reviewed in this present study to provide a comprehensive mapping of the advantages and challenges in implementing differentiated instructions. The review revealed that differentiated instruction could motivate low-achieving students, increase students' participation, interaction, and cooperation, as well as build a better teacher-student relationship. However, differentiated instruction also poses challenges, such as time-consuming, misperception about unfair treatments, and class size. These results imply that better planning should be conducted before implementing differentiated instruction to gain its benefits.
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IK and Joseph Parker. "Students’ Perception on Web-Based Technology in Teaching Biology in College of Education." Science Education International 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33828/sei.v33.i2.12.
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The perception of students in six (6) Southern Colleges of Education in Ghana on the use of web-based technology software for teaching and learning of biology was studied using 120 students. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the students on the perception they have about the use of web-based technology. The data from the questionnaire were analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that the use of web-based technology instructional approach during lessons delivery and accessing the internet to search for information during instructional hours provided opportunities for students to access internet information at their own pace. It also came to light that the use of web-based instruction improved students’ understanding in biology concepts, stimulated students’ interest and thinking, and was not a waste of instructional time. The study revealed that students could use web-based software without any difficulties, the use of web-based instruction was not boring, the use of web-based instructions individualised learning and finally, the use of web-based technology for biology instruction was not time-consuming. Therefore, science tutors especially biology tutors should use web-based technology software for teaching and learning of biology concepts to make learning meaningful to students.
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Leow, Min Hui. "Framing a personalized online tutorial instruction: cognition and metacognition considerations." International Journal on e-Learning and Higher Education 19, no. 2 (March 31, 2024): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ijelhe.v19n2.19221.
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Current research interest in technology-driven learning instructions is acknowledged to have a specific emphasis on personalized learning. Since the twenty-first century teaching and learning strategies have shifted from student-centered learning to student-directed learning in a culture where technology is widely used. The development of online tutorials is one of the initiatives that addresses pandemic crisis. This study focuses on the investigation of online tutorials in a post-pandemic context which contributes to online learning modulation concerning personalized instructional design in Malaysian elementary schools. This study investigates the instructional personalization through learners’ cognition and metacognition practices when experiencing online tutorials, in order to discover learners’ learning needs and preferences. 14 learners (aged 9) from a Malaysian elementary school were included in this study. An observational and interview-based qualitative case study was adopted. Thematic analysis was employed to generate codes, categories, and themes. As a result, a personalized online tutorial instruction was framed by including the features such as freedom in task and activity selection and planning on the basis of explicit instructional goals, complexity of information input and capacity of resources or materials for different learners’ needs, suitability of task difficulty level for various learners, multiple intelligence consideration, and differentiated peer scaffolding and teacher feedback. This study draws attention to the significance of cognition and metacognition considerations to suggest online tutorial instruction that underpins personalization.