Journal articles on the topic 'Instruction and study (Secondary)'
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Omoniyi, Tayo, and Gisanrin Gbenga. "The Effect of Three Instructional Elements on Achievement in Computer-Based Mathematics Instruction of Senior Secondary School Students in Nigeria." Journal of Education in Black Sea Region 4, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v4i1.163.
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This study investigated the effect of three instructional elements on achievement in computer-based mathematics instruction. The subjects were senior secondary school students who used four versions of computer-based instruction developed on compact disc to learn about the volume of solid shapes. The four versions of the programme were (1) a full version that had the three instructional elements (2) a version without objectives (3) a version without practice (4) a version without examples. The results indicated that the full package, which included objectives, practice and examples, had a significant effect on students’ achievement in the computer-based mathematics instruction. Furthermore, of the three elements, practice, had the most effect on the learners’ achievement. Implications of the findings on development of computer-based instructions are also discussed.
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Khan, Asif. "A Case Study of Instructional Contributions of Community and Government Secondary School Administrators in Pakistan." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 4, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v4i2.100.
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The study examined the instructional contribution of a community and government school administrator in Pakistan. While using qualitative tools to generate data, the research exclusively examined the administrators’ engagements in such instructional processes as conducting class visits, arranging inschool professional development programs, and contributing to curriculum enrichment. The study noted that as compared to government administrator, the community administrator seemed more active in the instructional processes of his school. The detachment of the government administrator from classroom practices had many implications that also influenced the quality of education in the government school. On the basis of the findings of this study, I maintain that the efficiency of school administrators is contingent upon multiple elements, such as provisions of job related training, introduction of an effective accountability tool, support of instruction oriented educational officials, and contribution of community/parents The study suggested Pakistan should address the above-mentioned elements when defining the instruction-oriented role of school administrators in the country.
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Mohammed, Lubna Ali, Sidek H.M, and Murad Abdu Saeed. "EST Reading Instructional Approaches at the Senior Secondary School Level in Yemen: A Case Study." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 8, no. 4 (October 31, 2016): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v8i4.599.
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Recently, within the increasing implementation of the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach to teaching English as a foreign language (EFL), the Yemeni EFL secondary school curriculum has adopted the CLT approach. This qualitative exploratory case study aimed at examining whether or not the Yemeni English for Science and Technology (EST) senior secondary reading instructional implementation is a communicative-based instruction in nature as it is labelled. The data were collected from reading classroom observations and analysed in terms of student-teacher interaction pattern as well as teacher and learner roles based on Richards’ and Rodgers’ Model (2001). The coding scheme used for coding the features of the Initiation-Response-Evaluation method (IRE) and the Communicative Reading Instructional method (CRI) was developed from previous studies. The findings showed that the traditional IRE and the teacher role as a director are extensively represented in the Yemeni EST senior secondary school reading instruction more than the CRI. This finding contradicts the communicative-label of the Yemeni English language curriculum. The findings are discussed in terms of the alignment of the curriculum communicative-label with regards to the EST senior secondary school reading classroom instructional implementation. Keywords: Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT); Initiation-Response-Evaluation Approach (IREA); Communicative Reading Instructional Approach (CRIA).
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ZEKIROS, BIZU KINFE. "THE INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN ETHIOPIA: HULET EJU ENESIE WOREDA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.1682.
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This study was examined secondary school teachers’ instructional practices by using First Principle of Instruction model as guiding principle. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. The total populations of the study were 52. From these 40 Biology teachers, 4 directors, 4 supervisors and 4 department heads were selected through comprehensive sampling technique. Data were obtained through questionnaire, interview, classroom observation and document analysis. Various statistical tools such as mean, frequency and percentage were applied to analyze the data. The finding indicated that secondary school Biology teachers design their lessons by using First Principle of Instruction Model and they practiced it partially. And biology teacher’s instructional practices are aligned partially with First Principle of Instructional Model. Some factors that affect the design and implementation of the lessons based on the First Principle of Instruction model were identified: teachers’ related problems, students related problems, time constraints, policy issues, and resources. Based on the finding, it is recommended that woreda education office and general secondary schools should have to prepare short- and long-term training, seminars and workshop for teachers. Secondary school directors and supervisors should help teachers to have personal, professional knowledge and pedagogical skill. They should also support them by creating good educational environment.
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Boudah, Daniel J., Jean B. Schumacher, and Donald D. Deshler. "Collaborative Instruction: Is it an Effective Option for Inclusion in Secondary Classrooms?" Learning Disability Quarterly 20, no. 4 (November 1997): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511227.
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Through the use of a four-part experimental design, this study examined the effects of a collaborative instructional model in inclusive secondary classes in which students with mild disabilities and low-achieving students were enrolled. Measures included the instructional actions of teachers, teacher satisfaction with the instructional model, student engagement, student use of four strategic skills, and student performance on content tests. After receiving training in the model, teachers' mediation of student learning and their involvement in instructional roles increased over baseline levels. Teachers were satisfied with the model as well. Mixed results on the student measures suggest that prevailing assumptions about the effectiveness of collaborative instruction in inclusive secondary classes need to be reexamined. Study findings have implications for educational policy, teacher training, and classroom practice.
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Yaki, A. A., and Nnennaya Chukwu. "EFFECTS OF THE COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE AND THREE DIMENSIONAL VISUALS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BIOLOGY." Sokoto Educational Review 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35386/ser.v14i2.110.
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This study aims to investigate the effects of the Computer-Aided Instructional Package (CAIP) and three-dimensional visuals on the performance of secondary school students in Biology. The design of this study is the pretest-posttest control group design. The participants of the study consist of 68 students; 24 in the experimental group 1, 24 in the experimental group 2 and the control group has 20. The experimental group 1 received instruction via the CAIP, experimental group 2 receives instruction via three-dimensional visuals while the control group received instruction via the conventional method. The treatment lasted for four weeks. The instrument for data collection is Biology Achievement Test (BAT). The method of data analysis is the One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test. The result of the study reveals that there is a statistically significant increase in the achievements of the experimental group and experimental group 2 more than the control group. There were no gender effects in the two experimental groups. It was concluded that CAIP and three dimensional visual improve secondary school students ’performance in biology. It was recommended among others that Workshop on production and utilization of instructional materials especially computer-aided instructional packages and models should be organized for secondary school teachers.
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Brooks, Maneka Deanna, and Katherine K. Frankel. "Oral reading: practices and purposes in secondary classrooms." English Teaching: Practice & Critique 17, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/etpc-01-2018-0010.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate teacher-initiated whole-group oral reading practices in two ninth-grade reading intervention classrooms and how teachers understood the purposes of those practices. Design/methodology/approach In this qualitative cross-case analysis, a literacy-as-social-practice perspective is used to collaboratively analyze ethnographic data (fieldnotes, audio recordings, interviews, artifacts) across two classrooms. Findings Oral reading was a routine instructional reading event in both classrooms. However, the literacy practices that characterized oral reading and teachers’ purposes for using oral reading varied depending on teachers’ pedagogical philosophies, instructional goals and contextual constraints. During oral reading, students’ opportunities to engage in independent meaning making with texts were either absent or secondary to other purposes or goals. Practical implications Findings emphasize the significance of understanding both how and why oral reading happens in secondary classrooms. Specifically, they point to the importance of collaborating with teachers to (a) examine their own ideas about the power of oral reading and the institutional factors that shape their existing oral reading practices; (b) investigate the intended and actual outcomes of oral reading for their students and (c) develop other instructional approaches to support students to individually and collaboratively make meaning from texts. Originality/value This study falls at the intersection of three under-researched areas of study: the nature of everyday instruction in secondary literacy intervention settings, the persistence of oral reading in secondary school and teachers’ purposes for using oral reading in their instruction. Consequently, it contributes new knowledge that can support educators in creating more equitable instructional environments.
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Felix, Omemu. "Correlates of Effective Instructional Supervision in Bayelsa State Secondary Schools." World Journal of Education 7, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n4p40.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the correlates of effective instructional supervision in secondary schools inBayelsa State. A critical examination of all the policies and personnel put in place by the government to achieve theaim of supervision of instruction in secondary school in Bayelsa State were elucidated. The study involved empiricaldesign with the stratified population of fifteen (15) secondary schools, comprising three hundred (300) teachers andsixty (60) supervisors (Principals) randomly selected from three geo-political zones (Sub divided into: Riverine,Upland and Midland). The research instrument used for the study was rating scale consisting of five (3) researchquestions. The analysis involved the use of mean and standard deviation, why the hypotheses were analyzed usingZ-test at 0.05 level of significance.The results of the analysis indicated that: demography, status/personality and perceptions are not a major factor thatinfluences supervision of instruction in schools, but quality and number of teachers, incentives and motivation,quality and number of supervisors, and school location are the correlates factors that influence supervision ofinstruction in schools. Conclusively, the researcher recommends that supervision is very important for effectiveinstruction in secondary schools and that government should provide all it takes to motivate teachers as to enhanceregulation of supervision of instruction.
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Tyavbee, Ajai, John. "Evaluation of Students’ Achievement in Mathematics through Systematic and Explicit Instruction, Self-Instruction, Peer-Tutoring and Visual Representation." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 08 (August 14, 2018): 20345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/08/577.
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The study evaluated students’ achievement in mathematics using four methods of instruction. Sample of the study was 130 Junior Secondary School students from 4 schools in Taraba State, Nigeria. Quasi-experimental design was adopted. Data was generated using Terminal Mathematics Achievement Tests whose reliability indices were computed using Kuder–Richardson (KR – 20) formula. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to explore the impact of the instructional strategies at .05 level of significance. Finding revealed no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of students exposed to the four instructional strategies. The study recommended that classroom teachers implement any of these instructional methods in their daily classroom instruction.
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DATOY, FLORAFEL C. "Teaching Competence and Challenges Encountered in Secondary Science Instruction." International Journal of English Language Studies 2, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2020.2.4.4.
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The main purpose of this study was to assess the teaching competence of secondary science teacher instruction in terms of the teaching competence in educational qualification; eligibility; teaching experience; number of training attended; utilization of instructional support system such as laboratory apparatus, facilities and equipment; the teaching method employed and the relationship among these variables. The study was conducted in the big schools of the First Congressional District of Bohol. A total of 812 participants were identified comprising 72 secondary science teachers, 20 school principals and 720 students. The data were subjected to statistical treatment using the weighted mean to assess the teaching competence of science teachers as perceived by themselves, principals and students. The weighted mean was used to determine the educational qualification, performance rating, number of teaching experience, number of trainings attended, utilization of instructional support system such as laboratory apparatus, facilities and equipment and the teaching method employed by the science teacher. Analysis of Variance was used to determine the relationship of teaching competence between educational qualification, years of service, Bachelors and major Degree. Bonferonni and Holms Multiple Comparison test was used for years of service since ANOVA resulted to significantly different results. For the eligibility and performance rating, T-test for two independent means because they were only two (2) groups being compared. However, for the utilization of laboratory apparatus, facilities and other teaching resources and teaching methods employed, both use the correlation because the independent and dependent variables are continuous variables and that is, numerical scale was used. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship on teaching competence between number of teaching experience and teaching methods. This study found out that teaching methods and number of years in teaching affect the teaching competence. Hence, it is urged, that DepEd Personnel should utilize the result of this study and consider the proposed enhancement plan for the improvement of teaching competence in science instruction.
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Šestáková, Jana. "Case Study of Using Peer Instruction at Upper Secondary School." Scientia in educatione 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18047106.298.
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The article describes the results of the case study “Implementation of the Peer Instruction method into education in the Czech Republic”, trying to answer one main question: “How is the Peer Instruction method implemented into physics teaching at upper secondary Czech school?”.The data was collected through interviews with the teacher, lesson observation and questionnaires for the teacher and students. The teacher involved in the study had been interested in the method since 2009. The research findings resulting from lesson observation and students’ opinions are from the 2014/2015 school year, when the method was implemented with students aged 17–18 years in three physics classes taught at an upper secondary school, with the respective numbers of students being 28, 16 and 13. The research generated the following conclusions, among other things: (1) the method should ideally be used immediately after a presentation of a new topic, therefore e.g. once a month, (2) a maximum of two ConcepTest questions should be used within one 45-minute lesson, and (3) students’ responses should be collected by means of ï¬ashcards rather than by an electronic voting system. The teacher starting with the method expected that ConcepTest questions would be simple for students and the work pace would be faster. She tried to hasten the work and therefore sometimes did not give students enough time to think about their responses, occasionally even failing to provide the option of a second answer. Nevertheless, the participating students gave positive feedback on this method, strongly indicating that that they had learned more while using this method. They admitted that using ï¬ashcards during the first answering was a strong incentive that boosted their motivation towards thinking about the answers. This article is intended for people interested in the Peer Instruction method, teachers and researchers in active learning.
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Woodrow, Janice E. J., Jolie A. Mayer-Smith, and Erminia G. Pedretti. "Assessing Technology Enhanced Instruction: A Case Study in Secondary Science." Journal of Educational Computing Research 23, no. 1 (July 2000): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ax3r-a8t1-h5a3-810h.
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Zaidi, Syed Faiz. "Project-Based English Language Instruction: A Study of Secondary School Learners in India." ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v1i1.840.
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The idea of Project-Based Learning (PBL) is based on a holistic instructional strategy, which is becoming more meaningful in today’s society as teachers increasingly teach groups of young learners having different learning styles and ability levels. These learners primarily come from the northern part of India and have not been properly exposed to the learning of English because of varied linguistic, cultural, schooling and social backgrounds. The study aims at assessing the effectiveness of PBL in teaching young learners (14-16 years of age) Aligarh Muslim University, India. The methods employed in the study rely on data obtained with both qualitative and quantitative research instruments. Keywords: Project-based language instructions, project-based learning
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Erbes, Stella, Steven Lesky, and Joshua Myers. "Teachers Exploring Mobile Device Integration: A Case Study of Secondary Teachers’ Responses to iPads in the Classroom." Journal of Information Technology Education: Research 15 (2016): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3574.
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This qualitative study seeks to understand and resolve the difficulties that teachers encounter when integrating mobile devices in classrooms. To address the issue of teacher receptiveness, three undergraduate researchers collaborated with an education professor in spring 2012 to complete a qualitative study with a two-fold purpose: 1) to investigate how two secondary teachers in an independent school responded when adopting a class set of iPads throughout one school cycle (six school days); and 2) to elucidate what a school could do better to support teachers who are piloting mobile device integration. Although previous studies have commonly focused on the impact of 1:1 programs on student achievement, this study focuses on the role of the instructor when designing and delivering instruction with or without iPads. Qualitative data were collected and recorded after a series of observations and interviews with the teachers and the information technology director. All interviews were roughly transcribed and coded systematically so that patterns could be noted. Results found that both instructors commented about their instructional philosophy, instructional objectives, technology support, teacher efficacy, and classroom. At the conclusion of the experiments, the teachers had favorable impressions of the technology, despite initial misgivings and early technical issues.
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Odundo, Paul Amolloh, and Charles Richard Oyier. "Prof. Burdgetary Allocation and Utilization of Instructional Resources for Science Based Subjects in Secondary Schools in Kenya." International Educational Research 1, no. 1 (June 27, 2018): p33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ier.v1n1p33.
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Instructional resources are educational inputs necessary for raising quality of education across the school system. Planning for instructional resources include setting aside money through budgetary allocation for procurement of resources. An assurance for availability and adequacy of instructional resources require defined sources of funds and standardized procedures with appropriate financial base for prudent utilization. Interaction between policy and practice in budgeting process assures efficient utilization of finance for science instructional resources in schools. The study focussed on identification of gaps within national educational policy framework on budgeting process which influence planning for science instructional resources. Specifically, determining extent to which policy framework supports budgetary allocation, financial resources, standardized procedures and financial accountability in science instructional management. The study adopted frontloading approach, a methodological process that translates (inter)national human rights standards and obligations into the budget proposals required for effective implementation in public policy. The study reviewed legal instruments, publications, reports and documentation on instructional management. Findings indicated that, domesticating ICESCR in Constitution of Kenya (2010) scanty policy guidelines on issues of quality instruction; limited specific provision for budgetary allocation for science instructional resources, as much as FDSE provide no budgetary guidelines on bridging deficits, adherence to legal provision guiding procurement procedures and accountability. The study recommends streamlining of policies to entrench framework support for implementation and monitoring and evaluation of resource allocation for quality of instruction and management.
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Billingsley, Glenna M., Cathy N. Thomas, and Jo A. Webber. "Effects of Student Choice of Instructional Method on the Learning Outcomes of Students With Comorbid Learning and Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities." Learning Disability Quarterly 41, no. 4 (April 18, 2018): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731948718768512.
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The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether learning preferences of secondary students identified with concomitant learning disabilities (LD) and emotional disturbance (ED) align with the instructional method with which they best learned mathematics. Responses to a preference survey given before and after instruction were compared with learning outcomes in a single-subject, alternating treatments research design investigating the effects of direct teach, computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and a combination of both methods. Results showed that most students were able to predict, by choice or stated preference, conditions under which they will learn best and, in hindsight, indicate the condition that provided the best learning outcome. This small study contributes to the literature on secondary mathematics learning for students with LD, and makes unique contributions regarding (a) the learning of students with comorbid LD and ED and (b) implementation of instruction that combines direct teach with CAI.
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Watson, Kevin E. "The Effects of Aural Versus Notated Instructional Materials on Achievement and Self-Efficacy in Jazz Improvisation." Journal of Research in Music Education 58, no. 3 (October 2010): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429410377115.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of aural versus notated pedagogical materials on achievement and self-efficacy in instrumental jazz improvisation performance. A secondary purpose of this study was to investigate how achievement and self-efficacy may be related to selected experience variables. The sample for the study consisted of collegiate instrumentalists ( N = 62) enrolled as music majors at one of six Midwestern universities. All study participants received identical instructional materials but were assigned to one of two differing instructional modalities. Participants engaged in three 70-minute instructional treatment sessions over 4 days and completed pre- and postinstruction improvisation performances that were evaluated by four expert judges using the researcher-constructed Jazz Improvisation Performance Achievement Measure. Self-efficacy was measured using the researcher-constructed Jazz Improvisation Self-Efficacy Scale. Results indicated a significant ( p < .05) interaction effect for pre- to postinstruction and instructional method, with the aural instruction group demonstrating significantly greater gains than the notation group. Posttreatment achievement scores indicated nonsignificant correlations with experience variables. Participants’ self-efficacy for jazz improvisation increased significantly ( p < .001) following exposure to improvisation instruction; however, no interaction effect was found for instruction and mode of instruction.
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Bouck, Emily C., Jordan Shurr, and Jiyoon Park. "Virtual Manipulative-Based Intervention Package to Teach Multiplication and Division to Secondary Students With Developmental Disabilities." Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 35, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357620943499.
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Mathematics instruction for students with intellectual disabilities and autism is important. However, it is imperative for researchers and practitioners to focus on the maintenance of mathematical concepts and not just acquisition for these students. Through a single-case multiple probe across participants study, researchers explored an intervention package consisting of a manipulative-based instructional sequence involving virtual manipulatives and then representations (i.e., drawings; referred to as the virtual-representational instructional sequence), explicit instruction, the system of least prompts, overlearning, and support fading to support students with intellectual disability and autism to acquire and maintain multiplication or division skills. The three middle school students who completed the entire intervention acquired and maintained their targeted mathematics skill—in multiplication or division. The results have implications for use of intervention packages to teach foundational mathematics skills to students with developmental disabilities.
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O. A. Awofala, Adeneye, and Abisola O. Lawani. "Increasing Mathematics Achievement of Senior Secondary School Students through Differentiated Instruction." Journal of Educational Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jes.4.1.p.1-19.
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This study examined the effect of differentiated instruction on senior secondary school students’ achievement in mathematics in Nigeria within the blueprint of the pre-test, post-test non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design. The sample comprised 220 students in which three research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The experimental group was taught with the differentiated instruction while the control group received instruction with the conventional teaching method for eight weeks. Three valid and reliable instruments, Mathematics Achievement Test (KR-20=0.89), Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (Cronbach α=0.92), and McKenzie Multiple Intelligences Inventory (Cronbach α=0.90), were used for data collection. Results revealed that students in the differentiated instruction group performed significantly better than students in the conventional teaching method group. Also, male students performed slightly better than female students with differentiated instruction, although no significant difference existed between the achievement of male and female students taught mathematics using differentiated instruction. There was no significant main effect of gender on students’ achievement in mathematics. Also, there was no significant interaction effect of treatment and gender on students’ achievement in mathematics. The differentiated instruction made lesson more fascinating, stress-free and created co-operation among students. It was thus, recommended that differentiated instruction be adopted by mathematics teachers in teaching mathematics at the senior secondary school level in Nigeria.
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Dimmel, Justin K., and Patricio G. Herbst. "What Details Do Teachers Expect From Student Proofs? A Study of Proof Checking in Geometry." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 49, no. 3 (May 2018): 261–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.49.3.0261.
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We investigated how secondary mathematics teachers check student geometry proofs. From video records of geometry teachers checking proofs, we conjectured that teachers have different expectations for details that follow from written statements than for details that are conveyed by diagrams. To test our conjectures, we randomly assigned 44 secondary mathematics teachers to 1 of 3 experiment groups (n & 13, n & 15, n & 16) in which they viewed and rated representations of instructional practice. Participants in each group viewed treatment or control versions of instructional scenarios and rated the appropriateness of the teachers' work in different segments of each scenario. We compared participants' ratings across and within experiment groups. We found that participants rated lower instruction that deviated from what we hypothesized to be their expectations, confirming our hypotheses.
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Ajadi, Olugbenga. "Teachers’ Characteristics and Instructional Quality in Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v2i1.822.
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Worldwide, the importance of quality instruction in schools cannot be underestimated. However, over the years, the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools seems persistently low, and worrisome based on the academic performance of students in external examinations. This has continued to be a subject of concern to individuals, the public, government, and other stakeholders. This study investigates teachers’ characteristics and the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. A hypothesis was formulated and tested in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers and principals, as well as to assess the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools. A total of 2,222 respondents (1,548 teachers and 774 principals) were sampled using both simple random and census sampling techniques respectively across the 774 Local Government Areas in Nigeria. The results show that teachers’ characteristics have a significant influence on the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. The study recommends that government should prioritise teacher professionalism and employ only certificated teachers to teach in secondary schools in Nigeria geared toward achieving an improved instructional quality.
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Ajadi, Olugbenga. "Teachers’ Characteristics and Instructional Quality in Public Secondary Schools in Nigeria." African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (May 16, 2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v2i1.822.
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Worldwide, the importance of quality instruction in schools cannot be underestimated. However, over the years, the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools seems persistently low, and worrisome based on the academic performance of students in external examinations. This has continued to be a subject of concern to individuals, the public, government, and other stakeholders. This study investigates teachers’ characteristics and the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. A hypothesis was formulated and tested in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers and principals, as well as to assess the instructional quality in Nigerian public secondary schools. A total of 2,222 respondents (1,548 teachers and 774 principals) were sampled using both simple random and census sampling techniques respectively across the 774 Local Government Areas in Nigeria. The results show that teachers’ characteristics have a significant influence on the instructional quality in public secondary schools in Nigeria. The study recommends that government should prioritise teacher professionalism and employ only certificated teachers to teach in secondary schools in Nigeria geared toward achieving an improved instructional quality.
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Voit, Wolfgang, and Arne C. Bathke. "Statistics and Probability at Secondary Schools in the Federal State of Salzburg: An Empirical Study." Austrian Journal of Statistics 44, no. 1 (December 11, 2014): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17713/ajs.v44i1.12.
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Knowledge about the practical use of statistics and probability in today's mathematics instruction at secondary schools is vital in order to improve the academic education for future teachers. We have conducted an empirical study among school teachers to inform towards improved mathematics instruction and teacher preparation. The study provides a snapshot into the daily practice of instruction at school. Centered around the four following questions, the status of statistics and probability was examined. Where did the current mathematics teachers study? What relevance do statistics and probability have in school? Which contents are actually taught in class? What kind of continuing education would be desirable for teachers? The study population consisted of all teachers of mathematics at secondary schools in the federal state of Salzburg.
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Horverak, May Olaug. "English writing instruction in Norwegian upper secondary schools." Acta Didactica Norge 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.1689.
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AbstractThis article presents a study of current English writing instruction practices in a selection of Norwegian upper secondary schools and discusses how this draws upon ideas within genre-pedagogy. The data comprises individual and focus-group interviews, observation reports and some teaching material. The study shows that English teachers focus on teaching genre requirements and adjustment of language to task and context. However, despite agreeing on the importance of teaching how to write specific text-types and to adjust to the situation at hand, there seems to be different opinions about how detailed instruction should be. Some teachers fear that too explicit instruction may hinder creativity, while others emphasise the need to learn how to structure a text, and to open up for creativity within certain writing frames. In spite of the differences, the practices revealed in this study comply quite well with genre-pedagogy. From the findings in this article, it seems like there is a need to develop and make available teaching material in English to be used in writing instruction, and also to improve the English teacher education with regard to the teaching of writing.Keywords: Writing instruction, genre-pedagogy, teaching-learning cycle, con-text and modellingSammendragDenne artikkelen presenterer en studie av engelsk skriveundervisning i et utvalg norske videregående skoler, og diskuterer hvordan disse praksisene samsvarer med sjangerpedagogikk. Innsamlet data består av individuelle og fokusgruppe-intervjuer, observasjonsrapporter og undervisningsmateriale, og studien viser at engelsklærere fokuserer på å undervise sjangerkrav og det å tilpasse språk til oppgave og kontekst. Til tross for at det er enighet om at det er viktig å undervise i spesifikke tekst typer, og det å tilpasse skriving til situasjon, er det ulike meninger om hvor detaljert skriveundervisningen bør være. Noen lærere frykter at for eksplisitt instruksjon kan hindre kreativitet, mens andre understreker behovet for å lære å strukturere tekster i detalj, og åpner opp for kreativitet innen bestemte skriverammer. Til tross for ulikheter, så samsvarer praksisene presentert i denne studien i stor grad med sjangerpedagogikken. Ut fra funnene i denne artikkelen, kan en konkludere at det er et behov for å utvikle og gjøre tilgjengelig undervisningsmateriale for skriveundervisning i engelsk, samt at det er et behov for å forbedre engelsklærerutdanningen når det gjelder opplæring i skriveundervisning.Nøkkelord: Skriveundervisning, sjangerpedagogikk, undervisnings-lærings syklus, kontekst og modellering
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Weiss, Margaret P., Anya S. Evmenova, Michael J. Kennedy, and Jodi M. Duke. "Creating Content Acquisition Podcasts (CAPs) for Vocabulary." Journal of Special Education Technology 31, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162643416673916.
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Mastering content vocabulary is critical to the success of students with high-incidence disabilities in the general education curriculum. General education classrooms often do not offer the opportunities necessary for these students to master important vocabulary. Teachers often look to technology to help. Several studies have indicated that content acquisition podcasts (CAPs) may have an impact on the vocabulary learning of secondary students with high-incidence disabilities. In this study, 37 in-service teachers enrolled in a master’s program in special education were taught to create CAPs for vocabulary terms in a course focused on methods for secondary-level instruction. Teacher-created podcasts were assessed on the presence of Mayer’s instructional design principles as well as evidence-based practices for vocabulary instruction. Although teachers were able to include many instructional design principles related to technology in their CAPs, their use of instructional principles and evidence-based practices was inconsistent. Implications are discussed.
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Kostelník, Jan, and Veronika Horňáková. "Self-Study and Cooperation of Pupils in Project Based Instruction." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 19, no. 30 (January 1, 2011): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10186-010-0040-0.
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Self-Study and Cooperation of Pupils in Project Based Instruction This paper is focused on the use of cooperative and individualized concepts of instruction in project based learning. Part of the paper includes partial results of the questionnaire survey carried out within the grant project KEGA No. 031-035 SUT — 4 "Project models of teaching at the secondary vocational schools".
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Gore, Dolores A., Gary N. Morrison, Martha L. Maas, and Elizabeth A. Anderson. "A Study of Teaching Reading Skills to the Young Child Using Microcomputer Assisted Instruction." Journal of Educational Computing Research 5, no. 2 (May 1989): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/p3td-ha2m-1m5n-gecr.
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The major purpose of this study was to determine if the five-year-old child could be taught reading skills through the computer. Fourteen children attending a preschool for low income families received specific reading skills instruction exclusively on the microcomputer. The curriculum used at the preschool was designed to eliminate any drill and practice on isolated reading skills. The study was a pretest/posttest single group design. All subjects were administered the Metropolitan Readiness Test and the results were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance ( p < .01). A secondary purpose was to determine if the children could learn basic computer literacy skills without direct instruction and drill. Through an analysis of the observation notes it was determined that the computer literacy skills were learned by the children while involved in the academic skills instructional program.
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Ahmed Badawi, Mohamed Farrag. "The Effect of Explicit English Morphology Instruction on EFL Secondary School Students’ Morphological Awareness and Reading Comprehension." English Language Teaching 12, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n4p166.
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The study attempted to investigate the effect of explicit morphology instruction (EMI) on developing secondary school students’ EFL morphological awareness and reading comprehension. The explicit morphology instruction targeted two morphological skills namely, inflectional and derivational skills. The study used a pre-posttest experimental and control group design. The intact study participants were (98) first year secondary school students. While the first intact group (n=49) was functioned as an experimental group, the second intact group (n=49) represented the control group. To collect the data, a two-unit explicit morphology instruction program (EMIP), a morphological awareness test (MAT) and a reading comprehension test (RCT) were designed, validated and implemented. Before the intervention, the participants’ morphological awareness and reading comprehension were pre-tested. During the course of intervention, while the experimental group participants were exposed to explicit morphological instruction in addition to their regular English instruction sessions, the participants of the control group only received their regular EFL instruction sessions. Results revealed that the experimental group participants’ mean scores on the post morphological awareness test and reading comprehension test surpassed that of the control group. Accordingly, explicit morphological instruction was effective in developing EFL secondary school students’ morphological awareness and reading comprehension. However, the effect size of explicit morphological instruction on developing EFL secondary school students’ morphological awareness was higher than its effect size on developing their reading comprehension. Therefore, teaching English morphology should be an integral part of EFL secondary school curriculum.
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Stoilescu, Dorian. "Exploring Challenges in Integrating ICT in Secondary Mathematics with TPACK." Southeast Asian Mathematics Education Journal 4, no. 1 (December 27, 2014): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46517/seamej.v4i1.28.
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This paper describes challenges encountered by three experienced secondary mathematics teachers when they try to integrate ICT in their classrooms. This study is based on the four dimension framework developed by Niess: 1) overarching conceptions of integrating ICT, 2) knowledge of instructional strategies and representations for teaching, 3) knowledge of students’ knowledge of technology; and 4) knowledge of curriculum and curriculum materials that integrate technology with learning. By using this analysis, we explore the challenges that teachers face on each of the four levels of integration ICT and suggest waysof improving these strategies in mathematical instruction.
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Jackson, Francesina R., and James W. Cunningham. "Investigating secondary content teachers' and preservice teachers' conceptions of study strategy instruction." Reading Research and Instruction 34, no. 2 (December 1994): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19388079409558176.
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Edward, Chamila Nishanthi, David Asirvatham, and Gapar Johar. "The Impact of Teaching Oriental Music using Blended Learning Approach: An Experimental Study." Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction 16, Number 1 (June 2, 2019): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/mjli2019.16.1.4.
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Purpose - The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the impact of teaching Oriental Music using Blended Learning (BL) approach for the students of senior secondary level in Sri Lanka specifically focusing on their achievement on required competencies of Oriental Music at Ordinary Level. The study analyzes the academic performance of students with detailed comparison of BL environment and traditional learning environment. Authors propose the application of BL approach to teach Oriental Music and study its impact on improvement of students’ competency. The study conducted with the application of a mixed instructional design model of objectivist and constructivist approaches for the design of the blended learning course in a student centred learning environment. Methodology - The study was directed by using true experimental study design with pretest and posttest control groups. BL was applied to the experimental group and the traditional instruction method was applied to control group. 9 schools from Colombo district were randomly selected for the experimental and control groups covering all the three existing school types of Sri Lanka. The study group consisted of 360 students of Grade 10 and Grade 11 who has been studying Oriental Music as a subject for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level. To analyze the data Descriptive statistics, Paired samples t test, Independent samples t test were utilized. Findings - The findings of the experiment indicated that students who has studied Oriental Music under BL strategy showed a significant improvement in their music academic performances after the intervention. The mean post-test of the experimental group was 71.75 which is significantly higher than the mean control group which was 52.07. The mean difference was 19.68 1.91. Hence, there is a statistically significant increase in the performance of students who studied Oriental Music under blended learning. Thus, it is clearly evident that the blended instruction was effective. Significance - This study indicated a positive platform to mould and cater the entire teaching learning process by introducing BL strategy to Sri Lankan secondary education system and fulfilled an existing research gap by utilizing BL to teach highly traditional abstract art. Results of the study contributes to the curriculum designing field with novel ideas to adapt blended instructions to teach secondary level students effectively.
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Pifarré, Manoli, and Esther Argelagós. "Embedded Information Problem-Solving Instruction to Foster Learning from Digital Sources: Longitudinal Effects on Task Performance." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 7919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197919.
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This research paper is based on a longitudinal study to find out how long-term embedded whole-task instruction can help students to develop more efficient information problem-solving (IPS) skills that could lead to a better use of internet information for learning and solving digital tasks more effectively. To this end, we designed, implemented and evaluated a three-year instruction programme to promote students’ development of key IPS skills in real-life classroom settings. This research involved sixty-one secondary education students. Forty-two of them received the IPS instruction and their results were analysed longitudinally and subsequently compared to a control group which received the regular courses. The results showed that students who received the IPS instruction improved their performance significantly in tasks in which the use of IPS skills was needed and these students organised and presented the information found on the internet critically and gave personal arguments. The findings also revealed that during the three-year project, the scores of IPS task performance were statistically higher in the instructed students than those obtained in control group students. Our study then provides an insight into how secondary students develop IPS skills throughout long-term instructional support and shows a series of educational implications.
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Perlman, Dana. "Assisting Preservice Teachers Toward More Motivationally Supportive Instruction." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 34, no. 1 (January 2015): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2013-0208.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an intervention grounded in Self-Determination Theory on preservice teachers’ instructional behaviors and the motivational responses of their students. A total of 62 preservice physical education teachers enrolled in a secondary physical education content and methods course were randomly assigned to either a treatment (n = 31) or a control group (n = 31). The study employed a pretest/posttest design and data were collected through: (a) observation of preservice teachers’ instruction, (b) a survey measuring preservice teachers’ perceptions of their autonomy support, and (c) a survey measuring secondary students’ motivation. Data analysis used repeated-measures ANOVAs to examine differences between the groups. Results indicated significant changes in autonomy-support for both teachers and students exposed to the intervention.
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Karki, Tirtha. "Writing Instruction in Secondary Schools: Unraveling Practices and Challenges." Journal of NELTA Gandaki 1 (June 14, 2019): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jong.v1i0.24465.
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In a discourse related to teaching writing in second or foreign language classrooms, there is a focus on process writing which seems still new practice in many Nepali classrooms. In this context, this study was conducted to explore secondary level English teachers' practices and challenges of teaching writing. The study adopted qualitative research design. For this, twenty secondary level English teachers from both public and private schools of Sunsari District, Nepal were selected as informants. The data were collected through classroom observation, semi- structured interview and Focused Group Discussion (FGD). First, classroom observation of eight teachers was carried out followed by semi-structured interview. Then, the other twelve teachers were invited for FGD. Analysis of qualitative data uncovered that majority of the teachers adopted product approach to teaching writing with abundant stress on support to students for securing good marks in the final examination. The major challenges revealed behind this situation were large class size, low proficient learners, pressure on course completion, lack of practical training for teachers, and insufficient resources including ICT facility in the classroom contexts.
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Woodward, John, and Russell Gersten. "Innovative Technology for Secondary Students with Learning Disabilities." Exceptional Children 58, no. 5 (March 1992): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299205800505.
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During the 1980s, innovative use of technology was equated with microcomputer instruction. In the 1990s, a different kind of technology—videodisc instruction—has great potential for application in secondary special education. By examining its day-to-day use in naturalistic settings, this study builds on previous research with a specific videodisc program in fractions. Participants were seven secondary teachers of students with learning disabilities. Researchers measured the program's level of implementation, teacher reactions, and student achievement. Results were generally positive in all areas, with a surprisingly high acceptance of the program by the seven teachers.
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Wilkerson, Kimber L., Joseph Calvin Gagnon, Macid Ayhan Melekoglu, and Orhan Cakiroglu. "Reading Instruction in Secondary Day Treatment and Residential Schools for Youth With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders." Remedial and Special Education 33, no. 2 (March 16, 2010): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932510364546.
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This study was designed to obtain the first national picture of the characteristics of special educators who provide reading or English instruction in secondary day treatment and residential schools for youth with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) as well as their approach to reading instruction.Also, information was collected concerning the characteristics of the students in their classes.A national random sample of 123 (35%) reading or English teachers responded to a mail and online survey. No statistically significant differences existed between respondent and nonrespondent schools. Results indicated that teachers commonly hold master’s degrees and have an average of 9 years of teaching experience.Teachers reported using research-based instructional approaches but rarely integrate technology or peer tutoring into instruction. In many cases, teachers reported that students could not read well enough to gain basic information from text.Additional results and implications are discussed.
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Khan, Abdul Gaffar, Sayma Hossain Shetu, Md Nazmul Islam, and Syed Moudud-Ul-Huq. "Multimedia Instructions and Academic Performance of Students." International Journal of Smart Education and Urban Society 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseus.2020010103.
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This article assesses the effect of multimedia instructions on the academic performance of secondary and higher secondary school students in a developing country. The total sample size was 600, and the respondents were the secondary and higher secondary school students of Bangladesh. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Finally, data analysis was performed using a two stage structural equations modelling approach. As per the study results, communicative and interactive class atmosphere (CIC), motivational teaching method (MTM), memorizable study materials (MSM), organized class lecture (OLC) of multimedia instruction have directly positive relationship with academic performance of secondary and higher secondary students. The findings of the current research applies to policy makers, school administrators, researchers, as well as academicians. This research presented a conceptual model which has been examined and validate of a developing country. The outcomes suggested both theoretical and practical implications.
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Medaille, Ann. "Librarians View Instruction as Integral to Their Professional Identities." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8rk6q.
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Objective – To explore the ways that professional and non-professional library staff experience and relate to their instructional roles.
Design – Online survey.
Setting – All types of Canadian libraries, including public, school, post-secondary, medical, special, and other libraries.
Subjects – A total of 788 library staff persons with instructional responsibilities.
Methods – In 2009, the authors constructed a 20-minute anonymous survey that contained questions about the nature of librarians’ instructional work, their preparation for doing instruction, and their experiences as instructors. Subjects were recruited via several electronic mail lists. The authors used SPSS to analyze the quantitative data and NVivo to analyze the qualitative data.
Main Results – The study found that the majority of subjects believed instruction to be integral to their professional identities, although some viewed it as an imposition. The nature of instructional work varied greatly, but included short presentations; a series of sessions; semester-length courses; and one-on-one instruction. Subjects prepared for instruction through on-the-job training; reading professional literature; attending workshops and conferences; taking a formal course in instruction; and other methods. On the whole, training helped library staff to feel more prepared for teaching and to embrace instructional work as integral to their professional identities. Study participants derived enjoyment from instruction in the form of satisfaction with facilitating student learning; relationship building; personal development; task variety; and appreciation of the heightened profile of library staff. Subjects also described several barriers to teaching, including administrative, technological, and logistical barriers; client and faculty interactions; and interpersonal challenges such as nervousness or lack of preparation. Finally, subjects described the ways that instruction has changed with the impact of new technologies, increased expectations, and changing pedagogical practices.
Conclusion – Library administrators should support the teaching duties of librarians and library staff by helping to provide them with adequate preparation time, resources, emotional support, and training. In addition, formal preparation for instruction should be integrated into professional library training programs, including MLIS programs, to better prepare librarians and other library staff to participate in information literacy instruction.
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Sofia Vilhunen, Anna, Maija Aksela, and Anu Hopia. "Learning proteins in the context of molecular gastronomy through higher-order thinking as an activity of fluffy meringue." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 1, no. 2 (May 30, 2013): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v1i2.1120.
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This article discusses how to study protein chemistry meaningfully in the context of molecular gastronomy by supporting higher-order thinking skills. The instruction also includes several myths that the students can reflect on. Inquiry-based work is performed in the style of the Top Chef competition: the objective is to prepare the lightest and fluffiest meringue possible. The students act as so called investigating chemistry cooks. The instructions are suitable for secondary school and upper secondary school for studying chemistry of proteins, or for unifying chemistry and home economics in teaching.
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Sochima, Unodiaku Stanislus. "Effect of Mathematics Practical Work Instructional Approach on Mathematics Performance and Retention of Secondary School Students." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 11, no. 2(V) (February 14, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v11i2(v).3142.
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This study determined if the practical work instructional approach (PWIA) affects senior secondary school students’ academic performance and retention of mathematics. The population of the study was 2709 SSS III students in the public secondary schools in the Nsukka zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. The hypotheses were tested at p£ .05 level of significance. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted, through which 133 subjects were randomly sampled and used for the study. Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) instrument containing essay items and developed by the researcher was used for gathering data. The MAT was subjected to experts in Mathematics Education and Measurement and Evaluation areas for face validation and its reliability estimate was determined using the Spearman-Brown proficiency formula which yielded 0.85. The MAT was used for data collection. Data collected with the MAT were analyzed using mean and standard deviations (S.D) to answer the research questions while ANCOVA statistic was used to analyze the hypotheses (p£ .05). Results of the study revealed that the practical work instructional approach is effective in teaching and learning Mathematics. Gender was found not to be a significant factor of variance in mathematics performance when PWIA is used in mathematics instruction, among other issues found in the work. It was recommended to teachers to infuse PWIA in mathematics instruction for enhanced science/technology and entrepreneurship development and sustainability in Nigeria, among other issues.
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Shabnam Bibi and Muhammad Hameed Nawaz. "A Study on the Effect of Emerging Technology on Students' Academic Achievements at Secondary Level." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i1.1088.
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The rapid growth in the use of technology particularly the use of emerging technologies has provided an opportunity to educators around the world to investigate the most suitable learning environments and more effective related material that would cater students’ diverse learning styles and knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was “a study on the effect of emerging technology on students’ academic achievements at secondary level”. The sampling population of the present study is all students of grade 10 who are studying in public high school in Punjab. Use of emerging technology and its experiment was delimited to Biology students of class 10th in Govt Girls High School No1 Fateh Jang (Attock) sessions 2016-17 and its experiments was delimited to four chapters of Biology textbook. This study sought to discover that learning through emerging technology improved student academic achievement. Two different methods of instruction were employed for this research study. The first method of instruction was the traditional lecture and whiteboard method. The second method of instruction was the use of technological instruction. Students of 10th class in subject Biology were studied. Two groups controlled and experimental was selected on the basis of pre test to equate the knowledge level for experiment. For item analysis, researcher used SPSS, Mean. Overall the achievements of students were satisfactory. After analysis of the data conclusions were drawn that there is major difference between the students of experimental post and control post. The mean score of experimental post students is greater than control post. It is recommended that Teachers should use Emerging Technology based teaching aids like computer animations etc. to develop student’s interest in the subject for maximum teaching learning out-comes.
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Hernandez, Shoshannah. "Exploring Secondary Teachers’ Willingness to Differentiate Instruction for ELLs." INTESOL Journal 18, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 75–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/25181.
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The growing English language learner (ELL) population is expanding in the United States from concentrated, urban areas to smaller, rural school districts in which mainstream content teachers provide most instruction for these students (DelliCarpini & Alonso, 2014). Most mainstream content teachers at the secondary level, however, have had little or no training in teaching ELLs and do not currently provide the differentiated instruction necessary for ELLs to be successful (Musanti & Pence, 2010; Rubinstein-Avila & Lee, 2014). Previous research has explored teacher attitudes toward ELLs in mainstream classes and the teacher beliefs related to teacher identity, teacher responsibility, and self-efficacy which all emerge as relevant to teaching ELLs. However, there is no prior research on the association these three factors potentially have with teachers’ willingness to differentiate their instruction for ELLs in mainstream classrooms.
This study explored these three factors of identity, responsibility, and self-efficacy as well as EL training, their relationship to each other, and their potential correlation with a teacher’s willingness to differentiate (WTD) instruction for ELLs in a mainstream classroom. Results indicate that identity and responsibility correlate most with a willingness to differentiate, but self-efficacy, along with several other emergent factors, are also relevant.
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Longhurst, Jesse Moon, and Michael Thier. "Relatively Good News Amid Covid-19." Rural Educator 42, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35608/ruraled.v42i2.1220.
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This study examined publicly available data from The Institution of Education Sciences (IES) survey of school leaders concerning modes of instructions offered and subgroups prioritized during the Covid-19 pandemic. We asked: Do national data regarding instructional modes (i.e., remote, hybrid, and in-person) during the Covid-19 pandemic reveal different approaches of U.S. elementary and secondary schools in rural areas versus peer institutions in cities, suburbs, and towns? Our analysis showed that schools in rural areas are more readily and equitably offering in-person instruction than schools in suburbs and cities, particularly in regard to students of color. Additionally, we found that rural school leaders report prioritizing English learners, students with identified disabilities, students experiencing homelessness and students without home internet access at higher rates that their peers in urban and suburban schools.
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Berisha, Valbona, and Ruzhdi Bytyqi. "Types of mathematical tasks used in secondary classroom instruction." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20617.
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This study examined the quality and types of mathematical tasks used for classroom instruction in an upper secondary school – gymnasium. All the mathematical tasks presented in nine different school classrooms during the first semester of the school year 2018/2019 were analysed against a 5D analytical framework. The dimensions of the individual task analysis were contextual features; the answer forms required; forms of presentation; types of required mathematical activity and cognitive demands involved. Performed analysis gived perspective on the learning opportunities offered in classroom instruction for building mathematical competencies specified in the current state education curriculum. The results indicate that the selection of tasks was not in accordance with the curriculum requirements. Mostly, teachers used close-ended, non-applicative, lower-level cognitive tasks presented in symbolic form, promoting operations and calculations as a central activity. These types of tasks are usually associated with knowledge and skills of lower orders. In this case, classroom instruction had low potential and very little room left to build a significant portion of competencies and learning outcomes of higher orders.
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Mercier, Kevin, Erin Centeio, Alex Garn, Heather Erwin, Risto Marttinen, and John Foley. "Physical Education Teachers’ Experiences With Remote Instruction During the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 40, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2020-0272.
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This study investigated physical education (PE) teachers’ experiences with remote instruction in the United States during the initial outbreak of COVID-19. PE teachers (n = 4,362) from all 50 states completed a survey identifying their experiences with remote instruction in May, 2020. Survey responses were analyzed by geographic region, district type, and school level. Teachers reported having students submit assignments (51% yes), using video instruction (37% yes), being less effective when instructing remotely (20% yes), and emphasizing student outcomes focused on health-related fitness (32% yes), and physical activity value/enjoyment (43% yes). Access to technology (40% yes) and required student assignments (43% yes) were lowest among teachers from the South. Rural teachers reported the least access to technology (37% yes) and rated themselves as least effective (24% yes). Secondary level teachers reported the highest percentage of required assignments (84% yes). Teachers’ responses identify unique challenges to delivering equitable and effective remote PE instruction.
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Kilty, Trina, and Andrea Burrows. "Secondary Science Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions of Engineering: A Learner Analysis." Education Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9010029.
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The purpose of this study was to describe how US secondary science preservice teachers, or those preparing to teach middle and high school science, at one university, perceive engineering and teaching engineering within an epistemological framework of required domain components pre- and post-instruction (intervention) as well as over three cohort years. Their perceptions reveal relevant prior beliefs helpful for designing instruction to address an external need to prepare secondary science teachers to teach disciplinary content ideas, cross-cutting concepts, and science and engineering practices to meet the Next Generation Science Standards. Questionnaires administered pre- and post-instruction (intervention), as well as over three years, asked participants to decide whether various scenarios qualified as engineering and then to provide reasoning. Intervention instruction included whole-class discussions of engineering design practices. The responses to the questionnaire were analyzed for thematic content. The results indicate that the secondary science preservice teachers (n = 43) have a novice understanding of engineering and teaching engineering. They gain an emerging understanding during the secondary science methods courses, consistent in all three years with expanding perspectives from narrow discipline views. As their perceptions are refined, however, there are risks of oversimplification, which may lead to forming misconceptions. The recommendations for designing instruction such as secondary science methods courses and early career professional development include creating opportunities for preservice and early career teachers to explore and challenge their perceptions of engineering design practices integrated within science and engineering practices.
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Morrow, Daniel G., Von O. Leirer, Jill M. Andrassy, Elizabeth Decker Tanke, and Elizabeth A. L. Stine-Morrow. "SPECIAL SECTION: Medication Instruction Design: Younger and Older Adult Schemas for Taking Medication." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38, no. 4 (December 1996): 556–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872096778827305.
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We examined whether older and younger adults share a schema for taking medication and whether instructions are better recalled when they are organized to match this schema. Experiment 1 examined age differences in schema organization. Participants sorted medication items (e.g., purpose, dose, possible side effects) according to similarity and then ordered the items to create a preferred instruction set. Cluster analysis of the sort and order data showed that younger and older adults share a schema for taking medication. Secondary regression analyses found that verbal ability (i.e., vocabulary scores) predicted individual differences in schema organization. In Experiment 2 participants recalled instructions that were either compatible with this schema in terms of grouping and order of items or were presented in nonpreferred orders. Younger participants remembered more information than did older participants, but both age groups better remembered and preferred the more schema-compatible instructions. Secondary analyses showed that recall was also positively related to verbal ability. Along with our earlier research, this study suggests that older and younger adults possess a schema for taking medication and that instructions that are compatible with this schema provide an environmental support that improves memory for medication information.
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Bueno-Alastuey, Mª Camino, and Gloria Luque Agulló. "Explicit instruction and implicit use of L2 learning strategies in higher secondary EFL course books." International Journal of English Studies 15, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes/2015/2/218581.
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<p>Research has shown that teaching second language (L2) learning strategies explicitly promotes an increase in strategy use and in oral proficiency. Consequently, a checklist based on the six types of strategies from Oxford’s taxonomy (1990) was created to analyze strategic instruction in the most common textbooks used in the last year of Higher Secondary Education in Spain. The study considered whether there was explicit strategy instruction and its location (within the units [Internal] or in other sections [External]) in course books, and what specific strategies were explicitly taught for the two oral skills, listening and speaking. Results showed, first, that there was explicit internal and external instruction of L2 learning strategies both for listening and speaking, but not in all the books; second, that there was significantly more implicit use than explicit instruction, and less explicit instruction in the units of the textbooks than in specific extra sections in the textbook or in support material; and finally, that internal explicit instruction of strategies remains very limited; and thus, L2 learning strategy instruction, competence and use may not be sufficiently encouraged in those textbooks.</p>
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Woodward, John, Doug Carnine, Russell Gersten, Mary Gleason, Gary Johnson, and Maria Collins. "Applying Instructional Design Principles to CAI for Mildly Handicapped Students: Four Recently Conducted Studies." Journal of Special Education Technology 8, no. 1 (June 1986): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016264348600800103.
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This report summarizes four recently conducted studies involving computer assisted instruction for mildly handicapped secondary students. A variety of CAI programs were used—drill and practice, tutorial, and simulation—and each study focused on the effects of specific instructional design variables. Three of the four studies produced statistically significant differences for the experimental treatments, indicating that sophisticated instructional design principles can make a considerable difference in the effectiveness of an instructional program. This research agenda also has implications for teaching practices which work in concert with the principles used in designing a practical CAI programs.
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Learned, Julie E. "Doing History: A Study of Disciplinary Literacy and Readers Labeled as Struggling." Journal of Literacy Research 50, no. 2 (January 7, 2018): 190–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086296x17746446.
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Scholars contend that disciplinary literacy is a productive route for all secondary learners, including those identified as struggling readers, to build knowledge. Relatedly, scholars point to disciplinary literacy as a socially just alternative to decontextualized skill instruction and deficit positioning. Yet, little research has examined how instructional contexts facilitate these youths’ participation in disciplinary literacy practices. I present the case of one ninth-grade history classroom. Participants were three students and one teacher. Data sources included 48 hr of observations, 11 semistructured interviews, ongoing ethnographic open-ended interviews, and classroom artifacts. By closely examining the enactment of one lesson and situating the analysis in the class’s yearlong academic and social trajectories, I show how disciplinary literacy provided avenues for youths to wrestle with and critique historical texts, compare perspectives across sociohistorical periods, see themselves in history, and disrupt deficit positioning in school. I discuss implications for secondary literacy and social studies education.