Relevant bibliographies by topics / Institutions

Academic literature on the topic 'Institutions'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Institutions"

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Hidayat, Abas, Siti Fatimah, and Didin Nurul Rosidin. "Challenges and Prospects of Islamic Education Institutions and Sustainability in The Digital Era." Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v5i2.2106.

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Educational institutions are places for educational activities that aim to change lives for the better. The development of digital technology requires educational institutions to establish and develop the education system continuously. This article explores the challenges and prospects of Islamic educational institutions and their sustainability in the digital technology era. The method used for this article is the qualitative inductive content analysis method. The findings are 1) Political changes, economic changes, and socio-cultural changes in society require Islamic education institutions to upgrade the institutional system and control all institution's activities. 2) Islamic education institutions' prospects include improving human resources and service quality, effectiveness and efficiency of financial management, and emphasizing promotion costs. 3) The future of Islamic education institutions, namely the sustainability of the institution's existence, the sustainability of the quality level of the institution, and the sustainability of invested resources.
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Petracca, Enrico, and Shaun Gallagher. "Economic cognitive institutions." Journal of Institutional Economics 16, no. 6 (April 6, 2020): 747–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137420000144.

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AbstractThis paper introduces the notion of ‘cognitive’ institution and discusses its relevance to institutional economics. Cognitive institutions are conceptually founded on the philosophy of mind notion of extended mind, broadened to also include the distinctly social, institutional, and normative dimensions. Cognitive institutions are defined as institutions that not just allow agents to perform certain cognitive processes in the social domain but, more importantly, without which some of the agents' cognitive processes would not exist or even be possible. The externalist point of view of the extended mind has already had some influence in institutional economics: Arthur Denzau and Douglass North first introduced the notion of institution understood in terms of ‘shared mental models’, and relatedly philosopher Andy Clark introduced the notion of ‘scaffolding institution’. We discuss shared mental models and scaffolding institutions and go a step further by showing that the notion of cognitive institution can capture more fundamental and salient aspects of economic institutions. In particular, we focus on the market as an economic cognitive institution.
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Стрижак, Анна, and Anna Strizhak. "Methodology of Institutional Traps Neutralization in USA and Canada." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 5, no. 4 (September 7, 2017): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59816e5cd6eaa3.26235604.

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Causal connection between ineffective transitive processes in economy and institutional traps is substantiated. Institutional trap is presented as a stable inefficient institution formed by asynchrony institutional changes under conditions of transformation of social and economic systems, by hypertrophy of separate forms of behavioral forecast for economic agents at the macro level, by weakness of formal institutions and enforcement mechanism. Institutes providing effective economic development of USA and Canada are found out. The characteristics of the institutions providing effective economic development of the successful North American countries is given: peculiarities and reforms, the most developed sectors of economy, anti-corruption measures, anti-bureaucratic measures, taxation, education, enforcement, technical means of control, informal institutions. A set of institutions for newly developing economies based on the analysis of institutions providing effective economic development of the successful countries is formed. The conclusion about the necessity of engagement of effective reforms experience from successful North American states, taking into account institution’s peculiarities of countries with developing markets is made.
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Gebru, Michael Gidey, Saqlain Raza, and Mansoor Shaukat Khan. "Efficiency of Higher Education in the Presence of Shared Inputs using Data Envelopment Analysis." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 3421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-25.

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This study measures the efficiency of higher education institutions with respect to teaching activity, research activity, and overall activities and also provides a direction for low-performing institutions to improve their performance. In many instances, the efficiency of the institution is a sum up of the efficiency of its activities. However, when the activities consume some resources in common, it requires the allocation of shared resources among the activities. Since sums up the efficiency of each activity does not give the institution's overall efficiency, we use a joint data envelopment analysis that takes into account the institution's internal operations to measure the teaching efficiency, research efficiency, and overall efficiency of the institutions. The empirical results indicate that the institutions that execute both activities simultaneously become more productive rather than adopt a single activity. Hence, this study suggests a useful and measurable action to improve the institution’s performance.
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Ikmal, Happy. "Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Budaya Historis dan Pemetaan Stakeholder terhadap Branding Image Lembaga Pendidikan dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kinerja Lembaga." Progressa: Journal of Islamic Religious Instruction 4, no. 1 (October 5, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32616/pgr.v4.1.203.1-10.

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The academics management element uses the term 'school effect' in a number of ways to refer to the impact of certain school policies or practices, or the effects of several interventions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indirect effect of organizational culture, historical culture and stakeholder mapping of the educational institution's branding image through variables between institutional performance. This research was conducted at the Alumni of the Tarbiyah Raden Wijaya College of Sciences, Mojokerto City. Province, East Java, uses the quantitative explanatory research description method. Primary data is collected and processed by itself and primary data sources directly provide data to data collectors on a Likert scale. Path analysis technique is used in testing the amount of contribution (contribution) shown by the path coefficient on each path diagram of the causal relationship between variables Organizational culture (X1), historical culture (X2), stakeholder mapping (X3) to the variable performance of the institution (Y) with variable between Branding image of educational institutions (Z). Correlation and regression analysis which is the basis for calculating path coefficients with the SPSS for Windows Version 20. While the study was conducted in August 2019. The exact population is unknown, using the Cochran formula a sample of 73 respondents was taken. From the results of the study it can be concluded as follows: 1) Organizational culture has no effect on the performance of the institution. 2) Historical culture has a significant effect on the performance of institutions. 3) Stakeholder mapping has a significant effect on the performance of the institution. 4) Organizational culture has a significant effect on the branding image of educational institutions. 5) Historical culture has a significant effect on the branding image of educational institutions. 6) Stakeholder mapping has no significant effect on the educational institution's branding image. 7) Institutional performance does not significantly influence the branding image of educational institutions. 8) Organizational culture, historical culture and stakeholder mapping each directly influence the branding image of educational institutions through variables between institutional performance.
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Adegbite, Emmanuel, and Chizu Nakajima. "Institutions and Institutional Maintenance." International Studies of Management & Organization 42, no. 3 (October 2012): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/imo0020-8825420304.

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Faizin, Faizin, and Wardatus Sholehati. "PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING PENDIDIKAN MELALUI MANAJEMEN MUTU ISO 9001 : 2008." MANAGERE : Indonesian Journal of Educational Management 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52627/ijeam.v1i1.7.

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Implementation of ISO 9001: 2008 quality management system will be a solution for educational institutions in dealing with problems and threats that can reduce the quality of educational institutions. Institutional marketing and student output generated through a good learning process will result in good academic and non-academic achievements. To realize a better quality educational institution, an institution should always evaluate the quality improvement program continuously, this system will become a strategic tool in increasing the institution's competitiveness in accordance with the demands of the times and the desires of customers, educational institutions as a form of service services are required to form good and capable human resources that are competitive in accordance with educational goals. Adopting the ISO quality management system and implementing its principles well will improve management within an institution so that its management is good and the performance of internal and external members can collaborate well to realize the goals of the institution in accordance with National Education Standards.
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Monticelli, Jefferson Marlon, Ivan Lapuente Garrido, Marcelo Curth, Luciana Marques Vieira, and Fábio Dal-Soto. "Institutional dysmorphia: when the institutions become ill." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 3 (July 16, 2018): 478–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-03-2016-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of SOEs on institutions. The authors argue that in some cases there are differences in institutional shape between the shape that is actually demanded by an institution’s institutional environment and the shape that the institution itself believes is demanded of its institutional framework. The authors observed a behavior specific to institutions that change their institutional shape in response to demands, irrespective of whether these demands are legitimate, and this behavior was primarily in response to demands from governments and SOEs. The authors call this situation institutional dysmorphia and contrast it with institutional isomorphism. Design/methodology/approach This study is characterized by the qualitative approach and descriptive form. It is also a documentary study employing the systematic review technique and critical appreciation in a research group. The case of the Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES) is analyzed to examine the different relationships between Brazilian SOEs and BNDES. It used secondary data provided by reports, papers and relevant magazines. The authors compare them with the conceptual purpose originated in the Medicine field. Findings The study is illustrated by the case of the BNDES and the various different relationships between Brazilian SOEs and BNDES are examined. This is a qualitative and descriptive documentary study, employing the systematic review technique. Specific behavior is observed in institutions that change their institutional shape in response to demands, irrespective of whether these demands are legitimate, and these demands mainly come from the government and from SOEs. Research limitations/implications The authors use of secondary data from only one country that was used to present these arguments. The focus was restricted to the institutional framework comprising one institution and SOEs. Private firms were not considered in this institutional framework, but they must be included in a macro-environment. Institutional pressures are dynamic and asymmetric. The dynamism of institutional change was not evaluated, and neither was the evolution of the relationships between government, SOEs and institutions. Finally, researchers need to understand not only top-down models of institutional effects but also the institutional process that incorporates both institutional influence and firm responses. Originality/value The term institutional dysmorphia is proposed through the contrast with concepts such institutional isomorphism, with reference to the institutional logics and institutional complexity of these institutions’ and SOEs’ environment. The situation described institutional dysmorphia happening in emerging countries context and might open new avenues for research.
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Lane, Jan-Erik. "Institutionality: “Institution” and “Institutions Matter”." Open Journal of Political Science 04, no. 01 (2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojps.2014.41004.

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Lui, Luen Tim Percy. "Institutions do matter." Asian Education and Development Studies 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-07-2015-0031.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how institutional designs governing the executive-legislative relations in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) have weakened the government’s capacity to effectively govern the HKSAR. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines institutional designs and rules that govern Hong Kong’s executive-legislative relations. It uses the case of the HKSAR Legislative Council (LegCo) to illustrate the impacts of institutional designs and rules on the performance of political institutions and government performance. Findings This paper finds that institutional designs and rules do affect the performance of a political institution. This paper suggests changes to the institutional designs and rules that govern the operation of the HKSAR LegCo, and the interaction between the legislature and the executive so as to create a facilitative context for good governance. Originality/value Studies on governance in Hong Kong mostly focus on individual institution’s behavior and performance. This paper studies the problem of governance in Hong Kong from the perspective of executive-legislative relations. It adopts the institutional theory to examine the behavior, performance, and interaction between the legislative and executive branches.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Institutions"

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Najeeb, Khaqan Hassan Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Institutions, education inequality and dynamics of institutional reform." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43523.

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This dissertation consists of four studies on the role of institutions, education and institutional reform in economic development. Three of the studies examine empirical aspects of the issue and the fourth provides an analysis of policy implications. A key theme of the dissertation is the recognition that institutions, both formal and informal, are important for development. The observation that some developing economies have been unable to substantively improve institutional structures, creates a vital agenda for studying institutional change. The first study empirically investigates the impact of education, both quantitatively and qualitatively, on the informal institution of social capital measured as social trust. Differences in levels of education are considered to find the separate effects of primary, secondary and tertiary education. The relationship between education and social trust levels in countries is found to be positive. The sample is further split into developed and developing countries which also substantiates the main hypothesis. The results can be interpreted as schooling playing a transformative role in the society. The second study develops a framework for studying education inequality and institutional development. A range of economic, political and social measures of institutional quality are used in a cross-country analysis. The study confirms that the cross-country differences in institutional variables are influenced negatively by the education inequality. Several competing hypotheses of institutional improvement are used to test the sensitivity of the results. The sample is further split into OECD and non-OECD countries, with no new results arising from this split. The third study investigates the relationship of education inequality and institutional quality using panel data techniques and an alternative data set of institutional measures, than the one used in the second study. This study initially estimates the relationship using the pooled OLS and fixed effects models. The issue of persistency in institutional variables is then investigated by using a system GMM estimator. The evidence suggests that the impact of reducing education inequality is associated with improvements in institutional quality. The fourth study analyses the implications from the first three studies with reference to the institutional reform agenda. Insight is given for improving the reform process. Areas of context specificity and sequencing of reforms are dealt with, using country examples. The intuition from this essay is that educational equality is a deliberate initiative which needs to be carried out through policy initiatives, although the process adopted would depend on the specific economy. It is suggested that there is a need to change the fundamental focus from emphasis on altering formal rules, to considering the current underlying structures in societies as a constraint, in developing a way forward to improving the reform agenda.
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Paris, Bethany L. "INSTITUTIONAL LENDING MODELS, MISSION DRIFT, AND MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/msppa_etds/9.

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Microfinance is a development tool used to reduce poverty among extremely poor households. Impoverished households can access lines of credit through microfinance institutions (MFIs), in order to create a new business, smooth household consumption, fund medical emergencies, etc. Many authors postulate that MFIs are drifting from a welfarist to an institutionalist approach to lending. Using MIXMarket data on specific MFIs in 118 countries between 1995 and 2011, the average loan balance of these organizations will be regressed against measure of outreach and sustainability of these institutions by charter type through a series of four, fixed effects models. The main research question is: given that a positive, overall shift in average loan balance indicates an institutionalist shift in mission, how does this impact microfinance institutions and the demographics they target on the intensive and extensive margins? These analyses will test the theory that MFIs with larger average loan balances serve households closer to the subsistence poverty level, a manifestation of mission drift toward the institutionalist philosophy of lending. The phenomenon of mission drift directly impacts the outcomes of microfinance institutions and the target demographic of the organization. The results of this study indicate that the mission of these organizations is drifting toward the institutionalist philosophy of lending. With this general result, mission drift can be observed within both the internal and external margins of the microfinance industry, which influences the chosen target market, profit generated, and structure of MFIs, as determined by the mission of the organization.
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CAPO, FRANCESCA. "When Actors Meet Institutions: Institutional Entrepreneurship, Institutional Logics and Hybrid Organizations." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201173.

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This paper proposes a contingency theory of institutional entrepreneurship. Institutional entrepreneurship has emerged to explain how agency can be incorporated within institutional theory. Following existing literature on the “paradox of embedded agency”, we build on the definition of the conditions that enable actors to pursue their best interests by creating, modifying or disrupting existing institutions, namely the position in the organizational field, in the organizational hierarchy and in the intraorganizational network. We discuss the existence of different kinds of institutions, each requiring for individuals a specific amount of resources (ability) and interest (willingness) for change. We build on the categorization of institutions related to the actors who make the rule (being that the state or some other entity) and to the way in which such rule is enacted and throught which is enforced (centralized or decentralized), thus identifying public-centralized, private-centralized and private-decentralized institutions. We propose for each kind of institution the enabling conditions that, by providing for both the ability and willingness, make an individual more likely to promote divergent change. The process of emergence of social enterprises has been relatively overlooked by organizational and management literature. Nonetheless, to address many of the contemporary societal challenges and promote social change, these organizational forms have recently been flourishing. We theoretically explore how such process of creation unfolds, identifying the external challenges these organizations face and the strategies they need to pursue to enable their emergence. Through anecdotal evidence, we suggest that this process may call first for the deinstitutionalization of existing institutional logics and then for a legitimacy building at three levels (pragmatic, moral and cognitive). We discuss contributions for research related to institutional logics, social and institutional entrepreneurship and liability of newness for a new organizational form. Building on extant literature on institutional logics, we investigate the effect of logic multiplicity on organizational mission performance. In particular, we theorize that - irrespectively of the nature of the logics at play - an increase in their sheer number triggers negative effects for organizational mission performance, in view of the challenges caused by logics’ jurisdictional overlap and degree of centrality. However, we also argue that this negative effect applies up to a certain point, after which positive effects on organizational mission performance may spur from the possibility to recombine the many more organizational elements brought by the higher number of logics at hand, increasing innovation. Also, we see whether the efficiencyenhancing elements of being a for-profit affect the concave relationship between logic multiplicity and performance discussed above. We examine these three points in the context of the US healthcare industry by looking at over 300 long-term care California hospitals between 2008-2013. Our results show for hybrid organizations a concave relationship between the number of logics they incorporate and their mission performance, pointing first at the negative and then at the positive effects of logic multiplicity. These findings contribute to literature on institutional logics, paradox theory and hybrid organizations.
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Ushakova, Yevgeniya. "The effects of the institutional context on a foreign company´s entry strategy when entering an emerging market : A case study: Väderstad-Verken AB." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119605.

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Background: More foreign companies expand into emerging markets and such markets differ from developed ones. Emerging markets present opportunities and challenges for foreign companies. Challenges include many environmental factors, cultural differences, economic uncertainties and weak institutions. Emerging markets are often characterized by underdeveloped formal institutions which result in the so called institutional voids. Informal institutions act as formal institutions and fill in these institutional voids. Foreign companies need to pay much attention to emerging economies institutions when selecting entry mode since the institutions affect their strategy and profitability. Aim: The purpose of my thesis is to investigate and analyze how aforeign company is affected by a host country’s institutional context when entering an emerging market. The thesis focuses on the emerging market of Russia and a case company. Conclusions: Institutions affect the steps taken in accordance with the Uppsalamodel. It is important to learn more about the institutions of a host country in choosing an entry mode. The weakness in property rights, risk of corruption, political and economic factors combined with networking were the dominant factors in choosing an entrymode. Väderstad suffers from institutional shocks in the Russian market and they affect the willingness to invest further.
Bakgrund: Mer företag expanderar till tillväxtmarknader och sådana marknader är annorlunda än utvecklade marknader. Tillväxtmarknader presenterar både möjligheter och utmaningar för företagen. Utmaningarna inkluderar omgivningsfaktorer, kulturella skillnader, ekonomisk osäkerhet och svaga institutioner. Tillväxtmarknader karakteriseras ofta av underutvecklade formella institutioner som kan resultera i institutionella tomrum. Informella institutioner verkar som formella för att fylla tomrummet. Utländska företag måste ge uppmärksamhet till institutionerna i tillväxtmarknader när de väljer etableringsform eftersom institutionerna påverkar både strategi och lönsamhet. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och analysera hur ett utländskt företag påverkas av ett värdlands institutionella sammanhang när det etablerar sig på en tillväxtmarknad. Uppsatsen fokuserar på tillväxtmarknaden Ryssland och ett fallföretag. Slutsats: Institutioner påverkade stegen i enlighet med Uppsalamodellen. Det är viktigt att lära sig mer om institutionerna för värdlandet när företaget väljer etableringsstrategi. Svag äganderätt, risk för korruption, politiska och ekonomiska faktorer kombinerat med närverksbyggande var dominanta faktorer i valet av etableringsform. Väderstad påverkas av institutionella chocker i Ryssland och det påverkar viljan att investera mer
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Kowalke, Jenna K. "Comparing Institutions: The Institution of Critique and the Post-Museum." Available to VCU users at:, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1135.

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Tandon, Aakriti A. "The Rational Design of Security Institutions: Effects of Institutional Design on Institutional Performance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/247253.

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Based on the assumption that security institutions are designed rationally, I study the variations in design schemes and their possible effects on institutional performance. Military alliances vary with respect to their membership size, level of security obligations undertaken by the allies, incorporation of non security clauses such as economic agreements, level of institutionalization, specified duration of existence, as well as the conditions under and reasons for which they are formed. This dissertation studies the effects of above mentioned design features on the probability of security alliances expanding their scope by addressing non-security agreements such as free trade agreements and conflict management clauses. I find support for the argument that states include economic agreements within a military alliance as a means to bolster the credibility of an otherwise weak security alliance. Results indicate that allies facing high levels of external threat and low levels of intra alliance cohesion are more likely to include conflict management provisions in the alliance. Finally, I conduct a systematic study of the possible effects of variation in structural design on the durability of an alliance. I find that design features that increase the costs of breaking the alliance increase the duration of an alliance.
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Bruce, Gonzalo R. "Institutional Design and the Internationalization of U.S. Postsecondary Education Institutions." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1247069809.

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Mahdi, Shireen. "Inefficient institutions and institutional change : theory and evidence from Tanzania." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/inefficient-institutions-and-institutional-change-theory-and-evidence-from-tanzania(98e14e0d-a267-48a4-9703-2d3bca3fffa3).html.

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The purpose of this thesis is to theoretically and empirically investigate the effects of institutional inefficiencies on markets and on non-elite groups, and to better understand the factors that prevent efficient institutions from evolving through the process of institutional change. It commences by reviewing the literature relating to institutions and institutional change and presenting a theoretical framework. It then presents three empirical chapters that aim to address the key questions and hypotheses relating to how inefficient institutions affect markets and why inefficient institutions persist. The first two empirical case studies of are of institutionally driven market failures that currently exist in Tanzania’s coffee and maize markets (coffee grading and maize farm gate buying). These chapters demonstrate how these failures contribute to market inefficiency and how they lower the incomes of some of the poorest groups participating in these market chains. The findings demonstrate that there is no automatic welfare maximising process in the functioning or the evolutionary path of institutions because even though these institutions are inefficient, they remain constant and largely unchallenged in the market. In other words, inefficient market institutions do not spontaneously disappear even though they disadvantage large groups. The findings also raise questions about how these inefficient institutions evolved and why they persist. The third case study of Tanzania’s agricultural market liberalisation reforms addresses these questions. It describes shifting alliances and local level resistance and shows how competition between groups around the reform period has changed their respective abilities to influence institutional change over time. Initially, elite power was characterised by the capture of local and village governments by big agricultural cooperatives during the liberalisation reform period. Subsequent to the reforms, private sector traders and processors have become powerful and influential even though they were the market underdogs for many years. This is because they have invested in reducing their influence costs by establishing strong business associations and by building strong relationships with local and village government authorities. It is argued that groups with low influence costs are more powerful and can build the links that are necessary for influencing institutional change more easily. The analysis of Tanzania’s agricultural market reforms also shows that these relative positions of power and influence evolved through a long process of distributional conflict at the micro level. The complexities, contradictions, delays and reversals of Tanzania’s agricultural market liberalisation reforms were largely determined at the most disaggregated level. Massive institutional change was taking place, but its path was steered by a drawn-out process of distributional conflict in rural villages that is still ongoing today. The findings of the coffee and maize chapters are directly linked to this above described process of distributional conflict, relative power and institutional change since the inefficient institutions analysed in the coffee and maize markets emerged as outcomes of the liberalisation reforms. What this thesis shows is that institutional change depends, to a large extent, on the preferences and responses of the most influential interest groups. The historical perspective is also important in that it acts as a clarifying lens for what may otherwise seem to be an opaque set of groups, structures and incentives. This is what this thesis has sought to achieve. By combining quantitative institutional impact investigations with interest group-based political economy and historical analyses, this research has been able to reveal the thread that links current economic outcomes with long-standing group conflict dynamics.
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Bogdanovych, Anton. "Virtual Institutions." Electronic version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/536.

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University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Information Technology.
This thesis establishes Virtual Institutions as a comprehensive software engineering technology for the development of 3D Virtual Worlds that require normative regulation of participants’ interactions (such as the commercially-oriented Virtual Worlds). 3D Virtual Worlds technology currently offers somewhat unregulated environments without means to enforce norms of behavior and interaction rules on their inhabitants. Furthermore, existing methodologies for Virtual Worlds development focus primarily on the design side of the “look-and-feel” of the inhabited space. Consequently, in current 3D Virtual Worlds it is difficult to keep track of the deviant behavior of participants and to guarantee a high level of security and predictable overall behavior of the system. The Virtual Institutions Methodology proposed by this dissertation is focused on designing highly secure heterogeneous Virtual Worlds (with humans and autonomous agents participating in them), where the participants behave autonomously and make their decisions freely within the limits imposed by the set of norms of the institution. It is supported by a multilayer model and representational formalisms, and the corresponding tools that facilitate rapid development of norm-governed Virtual Worlds and offer full control over stability and security issues. An important part of the Virtual Institutions Methodology is concerned with the relationship between humans and autonomous agents. In particular, the ways to achieve human-like behavior by learning such behavior from the humans themselves are investigated. It is explained how formal description of the interaction rules together with full observation of the users’ actions help to improve the human-like believability of autonomous agents in Virtual Institutions. The thesis proposes the concept of implicit training, which enables the process of teaching autonomous agents human characteristics without any explicit training efforts required from the humans, and develops the computational support for this new learning method. The benefits of using Virtual Institutions are illustrated through applying this technology to the domain of E-Commerce. It is demonstrated that providing shoppers with a normative environment that offers immersive experience and supports important real world attributes like social interaction, location awareness, advanced visualization, collaborative shopping and impulsive purchases can improve existing practices in E-Commerce portals.
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Canales, Rodrigo (Rodrigo J. ). "From ideals to institutions : institutional entrepreneurship in Mexican small business finance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44810.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2008.
"June 2008."
Includes bibliographical references.
Through a combination of in-depth research and unique loan-level data, this dissertation explores the mechanisms of intentional institutional change. It argues that current accounts of institutions and institutional change require but do not provide a systematic understanding of the role of individuals in processes of change. It then uses two in-depth case studies to explore the mechanisms through which individuals can initiate institutional change. One case is the activation of the small business credit market in Mexico. The second is the expansion of micro credit in the country. Through these cases, the dissertation proposes that, contrary to conventional thinking, institutional change is not rare because institutional entrepreneurs are scarce. In fact, they are quite prevalent. Rather, what is scarce is the required combination of an opportunity for change, individuals who can recognize this opportunity, have the capabilities and skills to pursue it, and are situated in the right structural position to drive a change process. It further argues that successful institutional entrepreneurs are usually situated in positions of middle management, which provide the right balance between a motivation to experiment, access to sufficient resources, and discretion to diverge from norms. Additionally, institutional entrepreneurs tend to have mixed backgrounds with diverse professional trajectories, which allow them to detect opportunities, cross borders, and learn the different languages required to brokerage experimental efforts.
by Rodrigo Canales.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Institutions"

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Mohren, Melanie, and Bernhard Herbordt. Vorgestellte Institutionen: Performing institutions. Berlin]: Alexander Verlag Berlin, 2015.

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Klitgaard, Robert E. Institutional adjustment and adjusting to institutions. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1995.

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René, Kaës, ed. L' Institution et les institutions: Études psychanalytiques. [Paris]: Dunod, 1987.

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OCLC. OCLC participating institutions: Arranged by institution name. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC, 1986.

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Scott, W. Richard. Institutions and organizations: Ideas and interests. 3rd ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008.

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Seidel, Karen M. Salem area institutions: Correctional and mental health institutions and the ex-institutional population. Eugene, Or: Bureau of Governmental Research and Service, University of Oregon, 1987.

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Barma, Naazneen, Elisabeth Huybens, and Lorena Viñuela. Institutions taking root: Building state capacity in challenging contexts. Edited by World Bank. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2014.

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Nakaguma, Marcos. Essays on Political Institutions and Institutional Design. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2012.

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Niraj, Verma, ed. Institutions and planning. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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1946-, Hodgson Geoffrey Martin, ed. The Economics of institutions. Aldershot, England: E. Elgar, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Institutions"

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Bedorf, Thomas. "Instituting Institutions." In Political Phenomenology, 239–55. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in phenomenology; 14: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429259852-13.

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Douarin, Elodie, and Tomasz Mickiewicz. "Institutions; Institutional Reform." In Economics of Institutional Change, 57–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-29128-7_3.

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Mickiewicz, Tomasz. "Institutions; Institutional Reform." In Economics of Institutional Change, 37–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230291287_4.

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Gau, Sønke. "Institutions - between "Institutional Critique" and "Critical Institutions"." In Museum und Ausstellung als gesellschaftlicher Raum, 163–78. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839466681-017.

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Lučev, Josip. "Institutions and Institutional Change." In Systemic Cycle and Institutional Change, 43–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66053-6_3.

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Dolfsma, Wilfred. "Institutions, Institutional Change and Language." In Institutions, Communication and Values, 14–29. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250666_3.

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Murison Smith, Fraser. "Institutional Challenges and Legal Institutions." In A Planetary Economy, 93–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49296-0_4.

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Drezner, Noah D. "Institutional Fundraising, Higher Education Institutions." In The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions, 1760–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8905-9_588.

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Drezner, Noah D. "Institutional Fundraising, Higher Education Institutions." In Encyclopedia of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9553-1_588-1.

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Luard, Evan. "Institutions." In The Balance of Power, 281–304. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21927-8_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Institutions"

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Kvelde, Anna, and Indra Odina. "The Notion of Sustainable Team Management in Educational Institution." In ATEE 2022 Annual Conference. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/atee.2022.22.

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The article deals with one aspect of a larger scale and long-term grounded theory research to explore and define the concept of the sustainable team management in educational institution. This article seeks the answers to research questions: what constitutes the management of educational institutions, and which sustainable development initiatives are implemented in the management of educational institutions. This article aims to explore the concept of the sustainable team management of educational institution, as well as to coin the elements of the sustainable development of organization, which could serve as a basis to improve sustainable team management in educational institution. The data were collected by the content analysis of the sustainable team management initiatives reflected on 47 homepages of educational institutions; case studies regarding the implementation of sustainable team management in educational sector and 12 interviews with school administration on the state of the art of sustainable team management. Research sample was 59 educational institutions: 17 primary schools, 29 secondary schools, and 13 state gymnasiums with broad geographical representation – the schools in the capital city, cities, small towns, and countryside. Sustainable team management supports principals and their teams in leading their educational institutions towards sustainability, also, achieves institutional goals and cultivates a culture where collaboration, appreciation, and teamwork are valued. According to the data of the study, the institutions insufficiently implement the sustainable development initiatives in the education management process of the educational institution that does not meet state policy and vision, also, in order to implement sustainable development initiatives in educational institutions, attract funding from Erasmus+ or other projects. There is also a lack of the uniform understanding of sustainability among the members of education management team. The authors admit that the concept of sustainable team management in an educational institution needs to be defined at the national level.
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dela Cruz, MEJV, and MRD Ching. "DISCOVERING THE PRIMARY AND SECONDARY FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE FIRST PHILIPPINE ACADEMIC INSTITUTION TO ADOPT ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE." In The 7th International Conference on Education 2021. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2021.7157.

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Academic Institutions utilize various ICT mechanisms to manage institution data, retrieve information, sustain financial activities, and deal with digital culture to create the learning and teaching setting. Thus, Enterprise Architecture (EA) is the ICT strategy employed in the domain to engage with radical changes and permuting trends. The purpose of EA is to organize and standardize Information Technology (IT) components to align with institution’s goals. Qualitative analysis was conducted to discover the factors that instigated the first academic institution in the Philippines to adopt EA as an ICT tool for its long-term strategy. The approach was an exploratory research design to closely examine data through thematic analysis, focusing on inductive reasoning that emphasizes the data convened from the semi-structured interviews with an open-ended question. The result of the interviews was graded as primary and secondary factors which influenced the adoption process. Primary factors are the elements that drives the EA adoption such as the organizational structure and human traits, while secondary factors consist of the characteristics of the transformation, specifically the intended techniques, proposed transformation capabilities, transformation obstacles and institutional perspectives. The purpose of this enquiry is to disseminate the primary and secondary factors, discovered from the first academic institution in the Philippines, to various academic institutions and other sectors with similar settings, as a learning ground and bedrock of future possibilities for EA adoption. Thus, the challenge for subsequent EA adopters is to utilize and strengthen the primary and secondary factors to boost the success of transformation for competitive advantage. The future research should gravitate towards factors of EA nonadoption in academic institutions and other sectors as EA is still emerging slowly particularly in the Philippines. Keywords: Academic Institution; Enterprise Architecture; Adoption Factors, Digitalization, Knowledge management, Transformation Capabilities, Transformation Obstacles
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"Institutions." In 2009 International Microwave Workshop Series on Signal Integrity and High-Speed Interconnects (IMWS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imws.2009.4814895.

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"Institutions." In The Ninth International Conference on Mobile Data Management (mdm 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdm.2008.50.

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"Participating Institutions." In 16th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (CONIELECOMP'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conielecomp.2006.46.

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"Organizing institutions." In 2016 10th International Conference on Software, Knowledge, Information Management & Applications (SKIMA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/skima.2016.7916183.

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"Organising Institutions." In 2005 portuguese conference on artificial intelligence. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epia.2005.341253.

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"Organising institutions." In 2012 UKACC International Conference on Control (CONTROL). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/control.2012.6334603.

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"Organising institutions." In 2016 UKACC 11th International Conference on Control (CONTROL). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/control.2016.7737502.

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"Supporting Institutions." In 2016 21st International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iit.2016.7882840.

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Reports on the topic "Institutions"

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Flaming, Mark, Martin Holtmann, and Rochus Mommartz. Technical Guide for the Analysis of Microenterprise Financial Institutions. Inter-American Development Bank, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008869.

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The purpose of this technical guide is to provide a standard format for the analysis of institutions that provide financial services to the microenterprise sector. The technical guide outlines the appropriate techniques and scope of analysis for evaluating and designing programs of support to specialized financial institutions. The analytical techniques presented in this guide are structured to facilitate the process of institutional analysis and project design represented in the diagram below. The analytical framework applied in this technical guide is comprised of two basic components. The first part of the analysis, described in chapters 1 through 5, is dedicated to deriving a series of quantitative performance indicators that measure the performance of the institution. The investigation begins with an analysis of financial performance in order to derive general indicators regarding the sustainability of the institution. Credit operations are then analyzed in order to identify sources of inefficiency. The investigation concludes with an assessment of the impact of the credit services on the institution's clients.
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Acemoglu, Daron, and Simon Johnson. Unbundling Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9934.

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Aghion, Philippe, Alberto Alesina, and Francesco Trebbi. Endogenous Political Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9006.

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Rodrik, Dani. Second-Best Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14050.

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Alesina, Alberto, and Paola Giuliano. Culture and Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19750.

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Acemoglu, Daron. Modeling Inefficient Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11940.

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Callen, Michael, Jonathan Weigel, and Noam Yuchtman. Experiments about Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31964.

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Chong, Alberto E., and Mark Gradstein. Inequality and Institutions. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010744.

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This paper presents theory and evidence on the relationship between inequality and institutional quality. We propose a model in which the two dynamically reinforce each other and set out to test this relationship with a broad array of institutional measures. We establish double causality between better institutional quality and a more equal distribution of income, but also demonstrate that the link from the latter dominates the former. These results are shown to be robust to various specifications and different data sources that cover various time-spans.
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Ashraf, Nava, Edward Glaeser, and Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto. Infrastructure, Incentives and Institutions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21910.

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Glaeser, Edward, Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-de-Silane, and Andrei Shleifer. Do Institutions Cause Growth? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10568.

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