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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Institutionalisation'
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1
Brock, Peggy. "Aboriginal agency, institutionalisation and survival /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb8642.pdf.
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Balarabe, S. Y. K. "Political party institutionalisation in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528435.
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Political parties remain the most instrumental institution of modern representative democracy. However, the capability of parties to perform these functions depends on the extent to which they are institutionalised. Institutionalised parties are a condition sine qua non to the development of stable and sustainable democratic governance. This research is not about institutionalised or un-institutionallsed parties. It is about examining and assessing the processes and patterns of party institution allocation in Nigeria. The study argues that understanding the process of political party institutionalisation should not be divorced from the nature and character of political, socio-cultural and economic context under which parties emerge and operate. The stud), employs interpretivist philosophical approach and qualitative methodology and uses party institution alisation framework of analysis pioneered by Randall and Svasand (2002). Based on its findings, the study argues that the major problems affecting party institutionalisation in Nigeria arc noted in entrenched chentelistic and nco-patrimonial politics in Nigeria. Although, other factors, , such as ethno-rcligious chauvinism, sectional divisions, poverty and weakness of institutional designs for the formation and activitics of partics affect part) institutionalisation, the study maintaincs that these problems arc often clouded in clientclism and patronage politics. Despite these problerns, the stud), strongly maintains that clientelism and nco-patrimonial politics have transformed party politics, to the extent that today there are political parties whose activities transcend cthno-sccuonal and religious politics. The trans formation of clieritelism has also led to the emergence of powerful political clites known as godfathers (godfatherism) who control both party organisations and institutions of governance. Thcsc problems have weakened tile autonomy of parties and personallsed tile institutions of political parties. CIvcn the nature of the activities of political parties and the seeming uncontrollable influence of godfathers, there was general public cynicism about party in sfitutionalisation in Nigeria. The study however, concludes that the transformation of clientellsi-n and neopatrimonialism could perhaps be the beginning of political party development in the country, especially if Influence of godfathers is institutionally curtailed and economic wellbeing of citizens improved.
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Ismay, Cedric Ronald. "The institutionalisation of supply chain management." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1451.
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Van, Schalkwyk François. "Responsiveness and its institutionalisation in higher education." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1727.
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Magister Educationis - MEdThis thesis proposes a typology of responsiveness in order to reduce interpretive ambiguity and to provide a framework which makes possible an assessment of the extent to which responsiveness is likely to be institutionalised in higher education. The typology is tested at two universities. The findings indicate that the typology developed can be deployed to reveal insight into how responsiveness is manifesting at universities. The findings around institutionalisation of responsiveness are less conclusive but indicate that while there is evidence of the institutionalisation of a particular type of university responsiveness, the process is at best partial as the academic heartland of higher education systems remain slow to accept the demands made by the state, university leadership and other stakeholders for more responsive universities.
South Africa
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Farías, Pelcastre Iván. "The institutionalisation of regional integration in North America." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5413/.
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Current studies of regional integration in North America claim that this process is limited to the entering of intergovernmental agreements that aim to expand and enhance crossborder flows of goods and capitals between Mexico, Canada and the US. Such studies claim that the political effects of the process on nation-states are limited and constrained by the decisions of the national governments. In contrast, this thesis argues that the actions of transnational actors have increased the policy interdependence between the three countries in the arenas of environmental protection, labour cooperation and protection of foreign direct investment. Transnational actors have used, applied and interpreted the rules originally created by the intergovernmental agreements –NAFTA, NAAEC, BECA and NAALC– and have subsequently demanded additional and improved rules. Regional institutions have in turn responded to these demands by supplying new and improved regional rules. In doing so, transnational actors and regional institutions have furthered the policy interdependence between the three countries. This phenomenon, known in other contexts as institutionalisation, demonstrates that the process of regional integration in North America is more substantial than previous studies claim. In addition, it illustrates the relevance of the theories of Liberal Intergovernmentalism and Supranational Governance to the analysis of the emergence and development of the North American integration process.
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Kroeger, Frens. "The institutionalisation of trust in interorganisational economic relationships." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609548.
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Muravska, Julia. "The institutionalisation of the European defence equipment market." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3064/.
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This thesis examines the emergence of EU-level rules in defence industrial matters within the context of European integration and inter-state cooperation more generally. This is a remarkable development, as the defence industrial policy area has been viewed as a core of nation state sovereignty and appeared impervious to injections of “more Europe.” At the centre of this nascent policy regime is the increasingly institutionalised European Defence Equipment Market (EDEM). The first and most significant elements of EDEM to date have been the 2009 Defence Procurement Directive issued by the European Commission and the voluntary Code of Conduct on Defence Procurement launched by the European Defence Agency (EDA) in 2006. These sets of rules have materialised despite EU member states’ resistance to meaningful constraints of national autonomy in defence procurement, and a distaste for the involvement of the European Commission in particular. An analytical puzzle thus emerges: why have member states acquiesced to binding regulation in the shape of the Directive, having already enacted a soft cooperation mechanism represented by the Code? The thesis answers this question by pursuing three lines of inquiry, which correspond to three hypotheses and specify clear pathways whereby external adaptation pressures, such as the Euro-Atlantic defence budgetary trends, may result in states’ acceptance of particular constraints. Firstly, the project examines the lobbying activity of the EU’s major transnational defence firms in pursuit of a larger, more integrated “home” defence equipment market. In addition, this thesis evaluates the success of the European Commission as a determined “policy entrepreneur” in securing member states’ acquiescence to unprecedentedly binding defence procurement rules. Finally, the development of an EU security and defence policy as a source of “vital policy rationale” for an EU defence equipment market is also investigated. The tension between the supranational and intergovernmental modes of organising the defence industrial field constitutes a central theme of this thesis, while the “policy cycle” framework is used to order the causal significance of each hypothesis.
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Ecevit, Emek Can. "A study on institutionalisation of contemporary art from Turkey." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13247.
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This doctoral study is concerned with identifying the determinants of the institutionalisation of art (IoA) in general and institutionalisation of contemporary art (IoCA) in particular. It focuses on the influence of the state and the private sector on economics and politics of arts as artworld in Turkey. The proposed relational framework is based on the current controversial problematisation of social theory in terms of various understandings of modernity and post-modernity. Here, modern art is taken to be based on an orthodox (classical) modernity understanding. In contrast, contemporary art (CA) is regarded as either a rejection of modern art from a post-modernity perspective or an intensive criticism of it from inside modernity. Both positions direct their criticisms to the basic assumptions, methodological tools, epistemological sources and ontological basis of the classical understanding of modernity. Within this scope, this study formulates and operationalises the research problem in terms of relational sociology and uses grounded-theory to establish the significant interactive relations that define IoA. The unit of analysis is the interactive relations of individuals as artists. The boundaries of the study are primarily limited to national level. The research questions are, in general, framed with qualitative research techniques and specifically substantiated with data sources primarily obtained from a self-employed semi-structured survey method complemented by observations and an extensive review of the relevant literature as documentary-historical data. The analysis of the data and the interpretations of the findings are undertaken within the scope of relational sociology and using the tools of grounded-theory methodology. The empirical data collected from a sample of artists actively involved as producers of works of arts and/or academicians, advisors and art critics from Turkey. Within this conceptual framework, the roles of the state and the private sector are questioned in terms of the economics and politics of arts, including their cultural couplings. The domain of social relations remaining outside the private sector, specifically the art public and the groups, collectives and initiatives of arts are assessed as the civil domain of arts. Knowledge of the arts and its formal (institutional) and informal relations provide an essential source and play a central role in this study. Within this framework, the art market is considered as an emerging hegemonic construct in the economics and politics of arts. Furthermore, artists and artworks are considered as the primary constituting components of the interactive relations of IoA. The findings of this thesis have implications for increasing the knowledge about and practices of IoA and contribute to the development of a framework of research questions that explains the interactive relations of the IoA in Turkey and offers an insight into a growing body of literature on art and includes recommendations for the directions of future research. The proposed relational framework is based on the current controversial problematisation of social theory in terms of modernity and post-modernity understandings. Here, modern art is considered to be based on orthodox (classical) modernity understanding. In contrast, contemporary art (CA) is regarded as either a rejection of modern art from post-modernity perspective or an intensive criticism of it from inside modernity. Both positions direct their criticisms to the basic assumptions, methodological tools, epistemological sources and ontological basis of classical understanding of modernity. Within this scope, this study formulates and operationalises its research problem in terms of relational sociology and uses grounded-theory to establish the significant interactive relations defining IoA. The unit of analysis is the interactive relations of individuals as artists. The boundaries of the study primarily remained at national level. The research questions are framed in general with qualitative research techniques and substantiated specifically with data sources primarily obtained by self-employed semi-structured survey method in addition to observations and extensive review of the relevant literature as documentary-historical data. The analysis of the data and the interpretations of the findings made within the scope of relational sociology and with the tools of grounded-theory methodology. The empirical data collected from a sample of artists actively involved as producers of works of arts and/or academicians, advisors and critics of arts from Turkey. Within this conceptual framework, the role of the state and the private sector is questioned in terms of economics and politics of art, including their cultural couplings. The domain of social relations remaining outside of the private sector, specifically the art public and the groups, collectives and initiatives of arts are inquired as the civil domain of arts. Knowledge of arts and its formal (institutional) and informal relations provide an unavoidable source and play a central role in this study. Within this framework, art market is considered as an emerging hegemonic construct in the economics and politics of arts. Furthermore, artists and artworks were taken as primary constituting components of the interactive relations of IoA. The findings have implications for knowledge and practices of IoA and contribute in the developing a framework of research questions that explains the interactive relations of the IoA in Turkey and adds an insight to a growing body of literature on art including recommendation for future research directions.
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Jackson, Zoe. "The institutionalisation of environmental management at Hewlett-Packard Ltd." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7280.
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This portfolio presents the results of a project that examined the development of environmental management in a large multi-national corporation over a four year period. The aim of the project was to "institutionalise" environmental management, in other words to ensure that environmental management was considered part of normal business practice and not a well intentioned afterthought. This was achieved through an in-depth case study using action research methods to facilitate and record organisational change simultaneously. The research demonstrated that previous accounts of environmental management in industry have failed to provide an adequate analysis of the changes required to institutionalise environmental management. This is shown to be partly attributable to the dominance of the quantitative, outsider-based research methods. The research makes three principal contributions to knowledge: Identifying and describing four different levels of change required for the institutionalisation of environmental management in a comprehensive study Identifying factors affecting the institutionalisation of environmental management in an industrial setting Demonstrating the usefulness and validity of insider-based methodologies for environmental management research. In this Portfolio it is argued that the institutionalisation of environmental management requires change at multiple levels and that the observation and further clarification of these levels can be achieved through insider-based research methods. At a practictioner level, it is recommended that industrial managers reconsider their strategies for achieving the institutionalisation of environmental management. In particular, company-wide employee awareness programmes and/or policy driven management systems only go part way towards achieving an institutionalised approach. An approach,in line with existing organisational roles, culture and objectives is recommended. Further, as environmental management becomes considered as part of normal business practice, it is recommended that researchers identify the boundaries between environmental and other management research to reflect industrial practice.
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Lee, Margaret Joan. "The institutionalisation of charism in a faith-based school." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/103e5773a30c45b7f3263c4ce98bcc9d1251e1d8e0489fe90285253f762aa3a1/7881598/201505_Margaret_Lee_PhD_Thesis_1_May_Final_2015.pdf.
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The research problem underpinning this study concerns the congruence between Dominican charism and how it is experienced by students, teachers and parents at San Sisto College. The purpose of the research is to explore how students, teachers and parents experience Dominican charism. Three specific research questions focus the conduct of this study: What do students, teachers and parents understand Dominican charism to be? How do students, teachers and parents experience Dominican charism at San Sisto College? How is Dominican charism nurtured at San Sisto College?
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Dendler, Leonie. "Sustainability meta labelling : prospects and potential challenges for institutionalisation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sustainability-meta-labelling-prospects-and-potential-challenges-for-institutionalisation(bf88cd3c-dc64-4611-bcd7-673cc4cdbf69).html.
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Product labelling schemes have become one of the most prominently used instruments to facilitate more Sustainable Consumption and Production. But with a plethora of labelling schemes having been implemented, many now accuse them of being confusing rather than facilitating. As a result, governments in France, UK and Germany, as well as businesses, such as Walmart, and non-governmental organisations, like WWF, have begun to consider seriously the implementation of some form of ‘Sustainability Meta Label’ that condenses existing product-labels and other communication measures into a more coherent overarching scheme. Yet so far, in depth studies on the potential institutionalisation of a Sustainability Meta Labelling Scheme are missing.Based on case study research of four existing product labelling schemes (EU eco, EU energy, Fairtrade and MSC label), this study addresses this gap by developing a novel theoretical framework to study the causalities behind product labelling institutionalisation processes. Combining theoretical arguments of constructivist institutionalism and institutional entrepreneurship with concepts of legitimacy from the governance and organisational studies literature, this framework establishes the institutionalisation of product labelling schemes as contingent on an interactive legitimacy construction between actors involved in the initiation and organisational structures of a labelling scheme and other actors within the production and consumption system. This construction tends to cluster around aspects of tradition, regulation, charisma, knowledge, consequences, and procedures.By concretizing this framework in the context of the studied cases, it is shown how legitimacy constructions are highly complex and how in particular procedural and consequential legitimacy can give rise to fundamental conflicts. The potentially large scope, focus and area of application of a Sustainability Meta Label with the need to find agreements in regard to the very contested notion of Sustainable Development, seems to make the task of managing such conflicts even more difficult. While the mobilisation of knowledge, traditional, regulatory and charismatic logics can circumvent some of these conflicts, they have also demonstrated to be anything but a silver bullet. In a sense, this study shows that the very issue that is claimed to drive the establishment of a Sustainability Meta Labelling Scheme-the different interpretations of the Sustainable Development concept through different product labels-might in fact pose one of the main challenges for its institutionalisation and effectiveness in facilitating more Sustainable Consumption and Production.With these findings this study makes important contributions not only to an increasingly prominent policy making discussion but also to the wider product labelling and new institutional literature. After further empirical testing, the developed theoretical framework could guide future research into the institutionalisation of product labelling schemes and potentially also other ordering mechanisms. While the focus of this study is on commonalities across product labelling schemes such further research could especially expand on how micro, meso, and macro level factors can shape institutionalisation processes in diverse ways.
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Phillips, Karuna Marks Gary. "Hegemonic aspects of the institutionalisation of the French language." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2048.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration Trans-Atlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Stevens, Andy. "The institutional care and treatment of people categorized as mentally defective before and after the Second World War : the Royal Eastern Counties Institution." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265261.
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Alshehhi, Omar Rashed Saeed Mohamed Hamadouh. "Enhancing successful organisational change through institutionalisation : the case of the Abu Dhabi Police." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/enhancing-successful-organisational-change-through-institutionalisation-the-case-of-the-abu-dhabi-police(838712b7-161c-41d3-9e71-f9dc3e68f913).html.
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While change seems to have become a feature of contemporary organizations, the success rate of change initiatives is admittedly very poor, not only when initiating the change, but even after the successful implementation of a well-planned change, as employees are likely to return to their old habits; thus most change efforts do not persist. Organizations however need to ensure that their change initiatives, which in most cases come at a heavy cost in terms of investment, last long enough to attain their goals. Given the lack of change management research in the Middle Eastern context, particularly with respect to the institutionalization of change, this study explores how best to institutionalize change interventions in the Middle East. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining semi-structured interviews with 17 senior managers and a questionnaire survey of 312 employees, in order to gather data from the case study of the Abu Dhabi Police. The quantitative data is assessed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, while the independent samples t-test is used to explore variations between groups. The findings reveal the significant role of communication in creating shared meanings, perceptions and interpretations; the language-based approach is thus recommended as an additional conversational instrument to enlighten managers and enrich their interventions. This study identifies four categories of factors that are critical to institutionalization; the characteristics of these critical factors and associated issues are also highlighted as a contribution to the design and implementation of institutionalization strategies. The study concludes by developing a framework incorporating three basic conceptual elements that should be considered as a whole during any attempt to institutionalize change; it comprehensively integrates the institutionalization strategies and the critical factors, in order to convey a change message that shapes the enactment of institutionalization processes.
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Ahmad, Zubair. "Corporate governance reforms in Pakistan : institutionalisation, contradictions, and unintended consequences." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15998/.
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This study examines the process of institutionalisation, contradictions and unintended consequences of Corporate Governance (CG) regulations in Pakistan. Prior studies have mostly focused on outcomes of CG regulations. The ‘process’ centred approach adopted in this study contributes to the CG theory and literature by analysing the development processes of CG regulations and dynamics between different societal levels (i.e. macro and micro) through which CG regulations emerged, developed and were implemented in a specific social context. In doing so, this study has developed a multi-level analytical framework to examine process of institutionalisation, transposition and implementation of CG regulations at three different societal levels i.e. socio-political and economic (SPE) level, organisational field and organisational levels. The analytical framework combines neo-institutional theory, structuration theory and Weber’s axes of tension to provide an understanding of the processes associated with the emergence and development of CG regulations in the context of Pakistan. Empirical data came from forty-one semi-structured interviews conducted at all three levels of analysis, and analysis of documents from published secondary sources between 1995 and 2014. The longitudinal analysis finds that the process of institutionalisation, transposition, and implementation of CG regulations is far from linear and straightforward. Historically well-established political and business families in Pakistan raised strong opposition to the institutionalisation of CG reforms at all three societal levels. This resulted in unintended consequences. CG codes were diluted through compromises made at the SPE level. The regulatory environment at the organisational field level was weakened through political appointments in regulatory institutions. There were symbolic compliance, decoupling, and delisting trend at the organisational level. The analytical framework developed in this study may be used by future studies examining how CG regulations emerged, developed and diffused in other countries.
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Meer, Krok-Paszkowska Anna van der. "Shaping the democratic order : the institutionalisation of Parliament in Poland /." Leuven : Garant, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40987956g.
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Kerr, Karolyn. "The institutionalisation of data quality in the New Zealand health sector." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1899.
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This research began a journey towards improved maturity around data quality management in New Zealand health care, where total data quality management is 'business as usual" institutionalised into the daily practices of all those who work in health care. The increasingly information intensive nature of health care demands a proactive and strategic approach to data quality to ensure the right information is available to the right person at the right time in the right format, all in consideration of the rights of the patient to have his/her health data protected and used in an ethical way. The work extends and tests principles to establish good practice and overcome practical barriers. This thesis explores the issues that define and control data quality in the national health data collections and the mechanisms and frameworks that can be developed to achieve and sustain good data quality. The research is interpretive, studying meaning within a social setting. The research provides the structure for learning and potential change through the utilisation of action research. Grounded theory provides the structure for the analysis of qualitative data through inductive coding and constant comparison in the analysis phase of the action research iterative cycle. Participatory observation provided considerable rich data as the researcher was a member of staff within the organisation. Data were also collected at workshops, focus groups, structured meetings and interviews. The development of a Data Quality Evaluation Framework and a national Data quality Improvement Strategy provides clear direction for a holistic and 'whole of health sector' way of viewing data quality, with the ability for organisations to develop and implement local innovations through locally developed strategies and data quality improvement programmes. The researcher utilised the theory of appreciative enquiry (Fry, 2002) to positively encourage change, and to encourage the utilisation of existing organisational knowledge. Simple rules, such as the TDQM process and the data quality dimensions guided the change, leaving room for innovation. The theory of 'complex systems of adjustment' (Champagne, 2002; Stacey, 1993) can be instilled in the organisation to encourage change through the constant interaction of people throughout the organisation.
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Eiweida, Ahmed. "The institutionalisation of urban upgrading processes and community participation in Egypt." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1568/.
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A conceptual framework, 'accountable bureaucratic capacity' is utilised to investigate the ability of local government to institutionalise collaborative urban upgrading measures in partnership with civil society organisations. The main argument is that the latter cannot contribute to sustainable development, democratisation or to protect citizens' rights in low-income neighbourhood without accountable representation from their side, a reciprocal and active representation from the citizens concerned, and an accountable public sector. The capacity of urban governance and the extent to which participatory initiatives can exploit the potential within existing structures and systems are examined. This examination allows an evaluation of how far a participatory project rated as 'good-practice' can enhance citizens' awareness of opportunities, political participation and local government performance, while building collaborative and institutionalised planning capacity. The research concludes that the sustainability of urban upgrading depends on the form of citizens' participation and the management styles of cities. Successful participation during an upgrading project may have 'transformative' potential to encourage citizens' political participation. If the citizens are not active, even though they reject the government's development agenda, or have to depend on 'informal' networks to provide their needs, they may be characterised as 'free-riders', who withdraw from urban governance and its collaborative decision-making processes. Legal recognition of squatter settlements is the first step required to institutionalise upgrading policies, particularly for indigenous or customary groups trying to survive in a world characterised by increasing interdependence and escalating threats to local ties. However, although this recognition strengthens a group's ability to negotiate and interact with non-group members, it may also have detrimental effects if it is not supported by additional legislation. Local government needs institutional reform and a strategic capacity-building programme to forge partnerships and the joint responsibility of the public and private sectors, as well as of civil society.
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Hodson, Peter. "Implementing an innovation in a higher education institution : evidence of institutionalisation?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288309.
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Diercks, Gijs Alphons. "Transformative innovation policy : assessing discourse institutionalisation of an emerging policy paradigm." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/59036.
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This thesis explores the emergence of transformative innovation policy, which can be understood as a reframing of the political agenda of innovation policy to address societal challenges such as climate change. This thesis conceptualises transformative innovation policy as an emerging policy paradigm, layered upon but not fully replacing earlier paradigms of Science & Technology Policy and Innovation Systems Policy. Grounded in argumentative discourse analysis, this thesis assesses the discourse institutionalisation of this emerging policy paradigm. The four empirical chapters focus on international policy organisations operating in a European context, namely the European Commission, Climate-KIC, the OECD and the European Environment Agency. The chapters are framed around three common questions, namely how transformative innovation policy is expressed in practice, to what extent it is institutionalised, and why events unfolded the way they did. The cases demonstrate that a paradigm shift in innovation policy is underway. There is a widespread recognition that existing ideas about innovation policy and its goals and instruments are failing to address current crises and that alternative solutions should be pursued. However, there is still much ambiguity about how exactly these new goals need to be addressed. This leads to clearly identifiable discursive struggles between broad and narrow articulations of transformative innovation policy. As a result, different directions of policy travel can be identified. This process is messy, and characteristic of the more evolutionary nature of policy change. The thesis also presents a closer assessment of the so-called ‘administrative battle of ideas’ representative of this broader paradigm shift. They display that organisational legacy and path dependency matter but that agency and path creation also play a crucial role. The presence of assumption surfacing and institutional entrepreneurship seem vital in achieving organisational change, which may well underlie any significant change in policy paradigm. This thesis contributes to knowledge by providing a conceptually and empirically informed framework to compare and contrast consecutive paradigms in innovation policy, and to identify and discuss different groups currently occupying this newly created discursive space. Furthermore, it makes some modest methodological and conceptual elaborations to the study of policy paradigms and policy paradigm change. In addition, this thesis shows that participant observation has potential to form a valuable contribution to STI policy studies.
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Pereyra, Lic Diego. "International networks and the institutionalisation of sociology in Argentina (1940-1963)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536481.
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My dissertation studies the role of international networks in the institutionalisation of sociology in Argentina from 1940 to 1963. This study aims to offer, through an archival investigation and the reconstruction of life stories, a new explanation of the historical patterns of the institutionalisation of sociology in that country, opposed to the mythical and parochial narration that is usual in the current literature. The institutionalisation of the field in Argentina was very problematic and institutionally disrupted. The central concern of my research is the study of the impact and contribution of that technical cooperation on the local sociological field from a moment when local universities started training in social investigation techniques to a time in which two leading local sociologists reached the top positions at the international institutional level. I shall demonstrate the role of certain international bodies and US funding organisations in the promotion of sociological teaching and research in Argentina, showing the interrelation between local and international factors. Both academic and non-academic factors influenced the professional careers of home sociologists. That process happened in a time marked by the institutional and personal competition between two main local sociologists: Gino Germani and Alfredo Povifia, who argued with each other and competed locally and internationally for funds, networking and prestige. Their actions were defined by the chance of accessing to a set of institutional and individual relationships in which it was possible to exchange experiences, knowledge, methods, strategies and technologies. I will argue that the emergence of the international networks in that dispute contributed even more to the fragmentation of the field. I will also explain that the final victory of Germani can not only be explained by cognitive factors, but also by timing and the use of certain managerial and entrepreneurial skills.
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Mungai, Paul. "Causal mechanisms that enable institutionalisation of open government data in Kenya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27409.
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Open Government Data (OGD) has become a topic of prominence during the last decade. However, most governments have not realized the desired outcomes from OGD, which implies that the envisaged value streams have not been realized. This study defines three objectives that will help address this shortcoming. First, it seeks to identify the causal mechanisms that lead to effective institutionalization and sustainability of OGD initiatives in a developing country context. Second, it seeks to identify the social, economic, cultural, political structures and components that describe the OGD context. Third, it seeks to identify the underlying contextmechanism- outcome (CMO) configurations in the Kenya Open Data Initiative (KODI). The guiding philosophy for this qualitative study is critical realism, which is implemented using Pawson & Tilley's realist evaluation model. Data is obtained through observation of open data events, semi-structured interviews and documentary materials from websites and policy documents. Fereday & Muir-Cochrane's five-stage thematic analysis model is applied in conducting data analysis. Three main contributions arise from this study. The first contribution is the open data institutionalization analysis guide. This study collates several institutionalization concepts from literature with the aim of developing a lens for analyzing OGD initiatives. The second contribution is the identification of supporting mechanisms, including a description of the current CMO configurations. The resulting case study provides an in-depth account of KODI between 2011 and 2016. This will assist policy makers in understanding the current setup, identifying gaps, and establishing or supporting existing support structures and mechanisms. The third contribution is related to scarcity of empirical work based on critical realism in the field of information systems. This research will act as a reference point for future IS research, in determining how critical realism can be applied to conduct similar studies.
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Xia, Liang. "News translation in Cankao Xiaoxi in China: Manipulation, institutionalisation, and power." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15683.
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BRAGAGLIA, FRANCESCA CATERINA. "Ruling the unruled? The institutionalisation of social innovation in urban governance." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2971108.
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Waiton, Stuart. "Amoral panic : the construction of 'antisocial behaviour' and the institutionalisation of vulnerability." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1528/.
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Through a re-examination of the issue of moral panics, with particular reference to sociological work around ideas of ‘risk’ and a ‘culture of fear’, this thesis attempts to examine the emergence of the social problem of ‘antisocial behaviour’. Situated in part within the changing political terrain of the 1990s, the emergence of the politics of behaviour is related to the diminution of the human subject and the development of a therapeutic culture - both trends helping to lay the basis for an engagement by the political elite with the ‘vulnerable public’. These developments are traced through the 1980s and 1990s to illustrate the construction of the problem of ‘antisocial behaviour’, with particular reference made to the shift in left-wing thought from radical to ‘real’. Using the example of the Hamilton curfew in the west of Scotland, empirical research with adults and young people, and media coverage of this safety initiative, are examined to explore the idea of a ‘culture of fear’. The legitimation of the curfew justified by various claimsmakers is examined to indicate the emergence of the new ‘amoral’ absolute of safety. The experience of the curfew for the local people is also analysed and the contradictions between local concerns and those of the authority are contrasted. Finally, through exploring the changing meaning of the term ‘antisocial behaviour’ and its growing politicisation, the emergence of this social problem is related to the deterministic and managerial form of politics that emerged at the end of the 20th century.
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Hassan, Mazen. "Determinants of party system institutionalisation in new democracies : a cross-national study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539960.
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Bergin, Patrick. "Conservation and development : the institutionalisation of community conservation in Tanzania National Parks." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296310.
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Farahin, Ali N. "The institutionalisation of accrual accounting : exploratory evidence from the Malaysian public sector." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95675/.
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Motivated by unresolved debates on the appropriateness of accrual accounting in the public sector context and limited empirical support justifying its suitability within developing countries, this research seeks to fill such important knowledge gap. It expands the ongoing interest in the development of public sector accounting by focusing on an in-depth exploration of contextual interactions between institutions and processes of accounting change in one of the developing countries, Malaysia. As Malaysia is currently undertaking a radical accounting reform at the federal level, the research explored how it becomes institutionally embedded within political and administrative structures. By applying Critical Realism and Institutional Theory as theoretical lenses, this research employed qualitative strategies for primary and secondary data collected at lead agencies and three selected ministries. These include a thorough review of government documents, interviews with key actors and observations of their responses towards reform activities. The analyses revealed how the ultimate institutionalisation of accrual accounting approach, was constrained by the key actors’ limited capacity for action along with unaccommodating power dependencies. Moreover, the tension that arose between multiple expectations and the inherent attributes and culture of the public organisations that were strongly embedded in social welfare logics heavily influenced their interests and commitments in applying the efficiency logics prescription which underpin accrual accounting. The data also revealed the difficulties in complying with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards requirements, especially by organisations with distinctive assets where the relevant government policies still appear ambiguous. Consequently, there is heterogeneity in organisational responses and the quality of accounting information produced proved to be below expectations. The new financial information indicating the government’s financial position has imposed some political risks that have caused political support for the project to fluctuate. Therefore, rather than functioning as a management tool, accrual accounting has become a political tool. If these issues remain unresolved, the research implies that the Malaysian government will not be able to realise the value promised by accrual accounting, of which, may result in significant consequences in its effort to become a developed nation.
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Guran, Elizabeth. "The dynamics and institutionalisation of the Japan-US naval relationship (1976-2001)." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2008. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-dynamics-and-institutionalisation-of-the-japan--us-naval-relationship-19762001(5564535e-2e5a-4ac6-806b-303d9714a5ef).html.
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At the start of the twenty-first century, cooperation amongst international navies has once again emerged as an important element of international affairs, given new global security challenges, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. As such, the Japan-US naval relationship has been a relatively under-studied topic. The thesis pursues two interrelated objectives. First, it identifies and discusses the dynamics that have driven and in some cases constrained the development and institutionalisation of the Japan-US naval relationship over a 25-year period, between 1976 and 2001. Second, it examines the relationship between naval cooperation and institutionalisation in this particular naval relationship.A variety of factors contributed to the development and institutionalisation of the Japan-US naval relationship during this time period. The research indicates that the internal dynamics within the naval relationship, combined with external influences such as threat perceptions, national leadership influence and domestic politics drove and/or constrained the relationship at various times. The proposition advanced by this thesis is that when the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and US Navy operate together against a mutually acknowledged security threat or challenge, sharing risks and the defence burden, a dynamic is created in which cooperation encourages institutionalisation, which in turn facilitates improved cooperation.
Institutionalisation is characterised in the thesis by the nature and extent of internal coordination, operational interaction, external linkages and by the depth of the relationship. The analytical framework uses these four components as indicators of progress in the development and institutionalisation of the naval relationship. A mapping technique is employed in the thesis as a tool of analysis to help order issues and provide a structure for comparing empirical data at three points over the course of twenty-five years.
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Bommel, Koen van. "Sustainability reporting in the Netherlands : a case of institutionalisation, commensuration and justification." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/61764/.
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In this dissertation I offer explanations for how sustainability reporting has developed from a peripheral practice into a more widely accepted and adopted one. I qualitatively analyse the history of sustainability reporting over the last 25 years by focusing on the Dutch sustainability reporting field. I draw on a combination of 94 semi-structured interviews and a collection of secondary data sources. Overall I question the organisation-centric, static, ahistorical and instrumental accounts that explain sustainability reporting based on a business case, managing legitimacy or stakeholder expectations. Instead, I draw on, and contribute to, various literatures (most notably institutional entrepreneurship, the garbage can model, commensuration and sociology of worth) to explain the more dynamic and historical aspects of sustainability reporting as a complex practice developing in a pluralistic institutional environment. First, I find that sustainability reporting’s institutionalisation was a muddled process in which serendipity played an important role in enabling collective action of distributed actors. I contribute to the institutional entrepreneurship literature by questioning the role of the heroic individual institutional entrepreneur endowed with a great deal of strategic agency. Instead, I draw on insights from the garbage can model and nuance these assumptions by stipulating the enabling role of historical contingencies and the collective processes involved in enacting these. Second, my study adds to our understanding of the dynamics of commensuration. I find that commensuration transformed sustainability reporting from a values-based to a value-based practice while it also changed from environmental to triple bottom line to integrated reporting. I chart various dimensions of commensuration and explain the process driving the development of these dimensions. In particular, shifts in the dominant dimensions of commensuration over time can be explained by emerging pathologies that drive the development of the succeeding phase. These pathologies emerge because of instances of means-ends disconnection, professional insulation and cultural contestation. Third, I analyse integrated reporting and focus on the possibility of, and impediments to, reconciling its multiple logics of valuation, or orders of worth, in order to forge a legitimate compromise. I find that a successful compromise based on finding a common interest, avoiding clarification and maintaining ambiguity is problematic to attain as integrated reporting risks being captured by investors and accountants privileging a market/industrial worth at the expense of a civic/green worth. This leads to a local private arrangement rather than a durable legitimate compromise. This contributes to unpacking the process through which a complex new accounting practice in a pluralistic environment gains legitimacy. In addition to these respective contributions, more generally I show how sustainability reporting is neither just a corporate smokescreen nor a panacea for corporate sustainability. It is a practice that is a consequence of its modern rational environment, yet at the same time constitutive of this very institutional environment as it helps to further elaborate and institutionalise sustainability (reporting) as an economy entity. Fully realising and acting upon the implications of this pivotal role of an accounting practice such as sustainability reporting may help policy makers and practitioners move towards a more sustainable world.
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Coates, A. G. "Constructing security governance : comparing regional narratives of institutionalisation and modalities of cooperation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502165.
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Perry, Sara Elizabeth. "The archaeological eye : visualisation and the institutionalisation of academic archaeology in London." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344699/.
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Archaeologists have long scrutinised the relationship of images to disciplinary knowledge creation. However, to date, very little attention has been given to archaeological visual media and visual methods as generative tools. Visualisations work to make things possible—income, infrastructure, status, security, ideas and expertise—and their shrewd application has significant consequences for professional development and conceptual/methodological growth. The following thesis embarks on a micro-scale study of the mid-20th century establishment of the Institute of Archaeology (IoA) at the University of London to demonstrate the extent to which visualisation is embedded in, and accountable for, the foundation of academic archaeological studies in Britain. Drawing on results from extensive archival enquiry and interviews, this research stands as an account of institutional development told not through the standard lens of biography or intellectual evolution, but through analysis of the strategic management of visual material culture and graphic performance (i.e., photographs, illustrations, models, display collections, TV, exhibitions, illustrated lectures and conferences). It traces the early history of the IoA through a series of formative events from the mid-1920s to the end of World War II wherein visual media are mobilised to dramatic effect in the coming-into-being of scholarly archaeology in London, and in the post-war regeneration of British culture. Particular attention is paid to the entanglement of visualisation in the IoA’s pioneering work on the first archaeological television programmes; the standardisation of archaeological photography; the acquisition and display of the Petrie Palestinian collection; the launching of one-of-a-kind graphic industrial/laboratory units; and the training of the earliest generations of accredited field practitioners. This project is prompted by a desire to overturn two fundamentally unsustainable standpoints. Firstly, visual culture tends to be fallaciously constituted in archaeology—and beyond—as a recent phenomenon whose origins stretch back no more than a few decades (conveniently coinciding with the rise of digital graphic production). However as I argue here, calculated and skilful manipulation of optical media has a deep legacy, implicated in even the most basal levels of the discipline’s intellectual and organisational consolidation. Secondly, visual representation as a sub-field of enquiry is often relegated to the sidelines of ‘legitimate’ practice—dismissed as ephemeral and unrobust, or irrelevant to the fundamentals of archaeology. I counter such perspectives by outlining the rich and prescient history of critical graphic studies in the discipline. I then demonstrate that savvy visualisation can, in fact, breed concrete professional outcomes for archaeologists, providing the infrastructure to develop and refine our methods, the cognitive tools to reconceptualise aspects of the archaeological record, and the commercial capital to sustain and propagate the field. At once a chronicle of the IoA’s heritage and a testament to the power of visual media, this thesis situates imagery as a forcible actor in the struggle for disciplinary sovereignty and scholarly authority. Ultimately, it speaks not just of the importance of visualisation to archaeology’s past, but so too of its potential for negotiating our future.
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Delcarme, Brian. "The development and institutionalisation of an integrated health care waste information system." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10359.
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Includes bibliographical references.Waste management generally in South Africa is poorly defined and practised, and the inadequate management of health care waste (HCW) has been recognised by the South African government as a significant environmental and public health risk. The literature revealed that an integrated health care waste information system (IHCWIS) serves as an important intervention to address the issue of poor health care waste management (HCWM). The overall key research question which this research asked was: "How does an IHCWIS develop and become institutionalised among health care waste generators?" The aim of the research was to gather empirical data to understand how the development and institutionalisation of an IHCWIS contributes to effective HCWM.
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Olivares, Concha Eduardo Alberto. "Party system institutionalisation in new democracies of Latin America, Europe and Asia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/party-system-institutionalisation-in-new-democracies-of-latin-america-europe-and-asia(ac03c40e-841f-4379-9113-c4a92dced8a5).html.
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This thesis examines why party systems of some developing countries become deeper and more quickly stabilised than others. Drawing on the scholarship of party system institutionalisation in third wave democracies, the thesis argues that the field can be strengthened by looking to three factors that the current literature has taken for granted: the role of cleavages, the function of personalistic politics, and the requirement of legitimacy to assess party systems. This thesis addresses these issues and in so doing provides a novel view of how, when and why party systems in newer democracies from Latin America, Europe and Asia consolidate over time. The research considers three case studies from three regions of the world, following the most similar approach method of comparison. One country per world region has been chosen for study in detail: Chile (Latin America), Estonia (Central and Eastern Europe) and South Korea (East and Southeast Asia). They all have party systems which have become more stable over time, but they exhibit different trajectories and speeds of consolidation. The thesis uses a variety of methods. In order to infer the causes of different processes of institutionalisation from party systems’ own participants, more than 120 elite interviews were conducted in the three countries over 13 months. To evaluate the overall legitimacy of the stabilisation process, this works presents the results of almost 500 face-to-face interviews with randomly selected individuals from the population. Quantitative analyses based on secondary public opinion surveys are used to test implications and observations, and offer potential generalisations. The findings suggests: 1) Where the ideological cleavage (left-right) is a strong determinant of party support the party system is more stable, and the stronger the ideological cleavage becomes over time, the more consolidated the party system is. Here, an ideological trauma can be at the core of the limitations of the left-right scope development. 2) Party systems with personalistic leaders can consolidate, contrary to the received wisdom, if charismatic figures build their parties around programmatic lines. And 3) legitimacy should not be regarded as a dimension for the Theory of Party System Institutionalisation, because it does not contribute in any way, positive or negative, to the stability of party systems. The thesis concludes that theories of party system institutionalisation should be reconsidered with respect to cleavages, personalism and legitimacy. In so doing, the growing literature on party system institutionalisation can benefit from a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities of party systems in new democracies from different regions of the world.
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Gadd, Robin Neal. "Theorising style." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310571.
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Lupele, Justin Kalaba. "Networking : enabling professional development and institutionalisation of environmental education courses in Southern Africa /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/737/.
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Zepeda-Rast, Beatriz. "Education and the institutionalisation of contending ideas of the nation in Reforma Mexico." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2651/.
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This work investigates the role that institutions play in the dissemination of the idea of the nation. Its main theoretical claim is that elite-formulated "official" ideas of the nation are always transformed by the mediating action of the institutions through which they are disseminated. Thus, it is argued here, an examination of the operation, reach and limits of these institutions can shed light on the discontinuities in the reproduction of the official versions of the nation, as well as on the extent to which alternative formulations are diffused through institutions that escape the control of the state. This premise provides the framework of the study of the institutionalisation of contending conservative and liberal ideas of the nation in Reforma Mexico (1855-1876). As in other states, in Mexico the system of public education was the principal channel for the diffusion of such ideas. Through an analysis of primary and secondary sources, the dissertation examines the reach and limits of the Mexican public education system in spreading the idea of the Mexican nation that the liberal state elite upheld. The thesis concludes that despite the unprecedented efforts that the Mexican liberal state made to disseminate the official idea of the nation through education, the results of its educational policy were very moderate. On the one hand, structural conditions accounted for an uneven diffusion of this idea within the system of public education itself On the other hand, the action of private schools, which were always allowed to operate by the liberal state, contributed to the spread of ideas of the nation that differed in varying degrees from the formulation that the Reforma wanted to promote.
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Thinane, Tsekelo Shadrack. "The institutionalisation of effective rehabilitation programmes at Groenpunt Maximum Security Prison / T.S. Thinane." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4834.
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One of the biggest challenges facing the South African prison system today is the phenomenon of recidivism (repeat offences). In ninety four percent of all cases offenders re-engage in criminal activities after they have been released from prison. This means that the majority of prisons in South Africa are ineffective in terms of rehabilitating offenders during their time in prison. The contribution of this research revolves around an analysis of the rehabilitation arrangements that are prescribed by the DCS to all Government correctional institutions (prisons). The Groenpunt maximum security prison is used as a case study to establish why rehabilitation is ineffective and to identify ways and means to reduce recidivism. In this regard the rehabilitation arrangements at Groenpunt maximum security prison is measured against the
prescribed governmental rehabilitation arrangements. The following main findings (problem areas) emerged out of this research:
• At Groenpunt maximum security prison the prescribed governmental prescriptions for rehabilitation are not being adhered to; and
• Participation in rehabilitation programmes is not compulsory for offenders at Groenpunt maximum security prison.
The above trends render rehabilitation ineffective and stimulate recidivism upon release. In order to rectify the above situation the research highlights specific shortcomings in the rehabilitation arrangements of Groenpunt maximum security prison that needs to be rectified in order to reduce recidivism. This boils down to the development of an individual needs based approach to rehabilitation and making participation in rehabilitation programmes compulsory for all offenders. It is further envisaged that the recommendations relating to Groenpunt maximum security prison can also be applied to other prisons in order to reduce the rate of recidivism in all South African prisons.Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.
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Kock, Elizabeth. "De-institutionalisation of people with mental illness and intellectual disability : the family perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2231.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has transformed its mental health service provision from in-hospital care to community-based rehabilitation. Although the idea is sound, the process places the caregiving families under an immense pressure. The aim of this study was to explore the impact that the de-institutionalisation process has had on the families as they care for their child with intellectual disability. The study was conducted by means of qualitative, unstructured interviews with families that have had a child de-institutionalised from Alexandra Hospital in the Western Cape. All of the patients were diagnosed with a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and mental illness. Even though the patients were in group-homes or attended a day care centre, final responsibility for the patients lay with the parents. Three main themes emerged from the interviews that describe the impact of deinstitutionalisation, viz. the characteristics of the family member with intellectual disability (aggressive, abusive and self-destructive behaviour of the patient), the effect that these characteristics had on the family (marital stress and health risks to the care giver), and community and resource factors. The study placed the family central to its environment and discussed the impact deinstitutionalisation had on its environment as a whole. It was concluded that the burden that de-institutionalisation places on the families far exceeded their ability to cope with these circumstances. This status quo could be improved if adequate resources and skills are given to families prior to de-institutional
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika is geestesgesondheidsorg van hospitaliserende na gemeenskapsgebaseerde rehabilitasie, omskep. Terwyl hierdie stap wel as lewensvatbaar mag voorkom, plaas die proses ‘n hewige las op die sorggewende gesin. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die omvang van die impak hiervan op ‘n gesin met ’n lid met intellektuele gestremdheid en psiegiatriese siekte, te bepaal – nadat so ‘n pasient uit die inrigting ontslaan is. Die ondersoek is uitgevoer by wyse van kwalitatiewe, ongestruktureerde onderhoude met gesinne wie se lede met die diagnose uitgeplaas is deur die Alexandra Hospitaal in die Wes-Kaap. Elkeen van die pasïente is gediagnoseer met ernstige intellektuele gestremdheid, asook bykomende gedragsafwykings. Ten spyte van die feit dat die betrokke pasïente deur groepshuise of dagsorg eenhede versorg word, bly hulle hul ouers se verantwoordelikheid. Drie temas het ontstaan wat die impak van ontslag uit die inrigting omskryf, te wete die karaktertrekke van die gestremde gesinslid (aggressie, misbruikende en vernielsugtige gedrag van die pasïent), die effek van hierdie karaktertrekke op die gesin (stres op die huwelik en potensiële gesondheidsrisiko wat dit vir die versorger inhou), en die gemeenskap en ondersteunende faktore. Tydens die ondersoek is die gesin sentraal geplaas ten opsigte van die omgewing. Die impak van ontslag van die gediagnoseerde pasïent uit die inrigting op die omgewing as geheel, word bespreek. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat die vermoë van die gesin wat die las moet dra as gevolg van die ontslag, ver oorspan word. Hierdie toedrag van sake sou egter verlig kon word indien toereikende hulpbronne en vaardighede aan sulke gesinne beskikbaar gestel word alvorens so ‘n pasïent ontslaan is.
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Smith, Simon J. "The European Union and NATO : beyond Berlin Plus : the institutionalisation of informal cooperation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14341.
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For a decade, the EU and NATO have both claimed to have a relationship purported to be a Strategic Partnership. However, this relationship is widely understood by both academics and practitioners to be problematic. Although not denying that the relationship is problematic, it is claimed here that the argument, whereby the EU and NATO simply do not cooperate, is very limited in its value. In fact, it is argued that the two organisations cooperate far more, albeit less efficiently, outside of the formal Agreed Framework for cooperation. According to the formal rules of Berlin Plus/Agreed Framework (BP/AF), the EU and NATO should not cooperate at all outside of the Bosnia Herzegovina (ALTHEA) context. This is clearly not the case. The fundamental aim of this thesis is to investigate how this cooperation - beyond the BP/AF has emerged. Above all, it asks, within a context where formal EU-NATO cooperation is ruled out, what type of cooperation is emerging? This thesis attempts to explain the creation and performance of the informal EU-NATO institutional relationship beyond Berlin Plus. This thesis, drawing on insights from historical institutionalist theory and by investigating EU-NATO cooperation in counter-piracy, Kosovo and Afghanistan, puts forward three general arguments. First, in order for informal EU-NATO cooperation to take place outside of the BP/AF, cooperation is driven spatially away from the central political tools of Brussels, towards the common operational areas and hierarchically downwards to the international staffs and, in particular, towards the operational personnel. Second, although the key assumptions of historical institutionalism (path dependency, punctuated equilibrium and critical junctures) help to explain the stasis of the EU-NATO relationship at the broad political and strategic level, a more complete understanding of the relationship is warranted. Including theoretical assumptions of incremental change helps to explain the informal cooperation that is now driving EU-NATO relations beyond Berlin Plus. Finally, this thesis makes the fundamental claim that the processes of incremental change through informal cooperation reinforce the current static formal political and strategic relationship. Events and operational necessity are driving incremental change far more than any theoretical debates about where the EU ends and NATO begins. Until events force a situation whereby both organisations must revisit the formal structures of cooperation, the static relationship will continue to exist, reinforced by sporadically releasing the political pressure valve expedited through the processes of informal cooperation. If the EU and NATO are to truly achieve a Strategic Partnership , it will stem from an existential security critical juncture and not from internal evolutionary processes.
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Velarde, Andres Octavio. "Institutional transmission : a case study on the institutionalisation of disability equality at university." Thesis, University of London, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549594.
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Elmaghrabi, Mohamed E. L. "The institutionalisation of integrated reporting : an exploration of adoption, sustainability embeddedness and decoupling." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21402.
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The thesis conveys three discrete, yet interconnected, studies embracing issues revolving around the exploration of integrated reporting adoption and embeddedness using an institutional theory lens. Integrated reporting can be described as ‘a holistic and integrated representation of the company’s performance in terms of both its finance and its sustainability’ (King III, 2009, p. 54). The first study explores the mimetic, normative and regulative institutional factors, at both an organisational field (meso) and country (macro) levels, affecting the adoption of integrated reporting. Moreover, it provides a portrayal for the adoption of the new practice among corporations. The study uses a relatively large sample driven from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) report list and tests it empirically using panel data from 2002- 2010. The second study develops a measure to capture sustainability embeddedness in corporate reports and uses the measure to explore and describe sustainability embeddedness in the integrated reports. Additionally, indicators on sustainability embeddedness in the de facto GRI guidelines are highlighted in comparison to the measure developed. Finally, the third study explores the determinants of sustainability embeddedness in integrated reports using a decoupling lens. More specifically, the study examines the effects of integrated reporting age (as a proxy for early and late adoption), the level of reporting of GRI sustainability guidelines (GRI application level), report assurance and corporate governance on sustainability embeddedness in integrated reports. The study finds that the application of integrated reporting emerged in 2001 amongst only a few corporations in Europe and South America, and was spread among all continents by 2010. While mimetic and normative factors at a meso level were significantly related to integrated reporting adoption, regulative and normative factors at a macro level were found to be of limited association with integrated reporting adoption. Interestingly, corporate size, a firm characteristic control variable, was found to be negatively associated with IR adoption. Exploring sustainability embeddedness in integrated reports in the second study reveals that on average integrated reporters covered 54.4% of the indicators on sustainability embeddedness on the constructed index. Integrated reporters were found to show that sustainability is embedded in some aspects as stakeholder dialogue, executive members’ commitment to sustainability and developing measures to report on various environmental impacts. Conversely, integrated reporters conducting business as usual and prioritised financial aspects in others aspects as remuneration, promotion and appraisal, employee sustainability engagement and investor dialogue regarding sustainability. The results also show that there are great discrepancies in the levels of sustainability embeddedness coverage between integrated reporters. Sustainability embeddedness scores were found to decline, especially in the most recent years of adoption. Regression results in the third study did not find evidence that early adopters of integrated reporting had significantly higher sustainability embeddedness than later adopters. Additionally, corporate governance mechanisms were also unable to explain sustainability embeddedness scores, with the exception of the positive association between corporate two-tier boards and sustainability embeddedness. Embedding sustainability was found to be mainly associated with GRI application level. There was limited evidence to suggest that integrated reporters providing assurance for their reports had higher sustainability embeddedness scores. The studies, taken together, contribute to the body of literature on CSR adoption in general and the adoption of integrated reporting and its practices in particular. The studies also provide contribution and implications by testing institutional theory in a new context.
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Parlalis, Stavros K. "De-institutionalisation of people with learning disabilities, organisational changes and the impact on professional roles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3447.
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This study explores the development of a discharge programme in one learning disability hospital in Scotland. The aim of the study is to explore professionals’ perceptions of how the discharge programme developed with a focus on capturing professionals’ experience and knowledge so as to reach an understanding of how best to facilitate a discharge programme and help professionals make the transition from the institution to the community. Different groups of professionals were interviewed and different views and perspectives regarding the progress of de-institutionalisation were collected. Based on the professionals’ perceptions and with a particular emphasis on those of social workers, the following issues were identified as the key points which have to be taken into account for facilitating stable progress in a discharge programme: the creation of a consortium with centralized authority which includes the establishment of a formal process and joint working between health and social work, the setting up of a socalled “stakeholder” management model, the implementation of specific practices and policies with regard to the actual discharges and arrangements for enhancing professionals’ adaptability.
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Salvatori, Betty. "Towards a culturally relevant model for assisted accommodation services for homeless young Aboriginal women: A case for actualising one's potential or the continuing process of subjugation of peoples colonised?" Thesis, Indigenous Heath Studies, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5688.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the needs of homeless young Aboriginal women and develop a culturally appropriate, therapeutic, service delivery model. This model could assist in the natural development of these girls as they journey through the rites of passage into womanhood if implemented in a nurturing, culturally sensitive and relevant environment. A qualitative content analysis methodological approach was used to examine major issues, identify key concepts and analyse these concepts in order to develop deductively, propositions from which organising constructs could be derived and a model developed. This model could then be tested inductively and in a quantitative way that allows best practices to be determined, in future research. The research indicated that although the majority of Supported Assisted Accommodation Program (SAAP) clients represent Aboriginal people, many Aboriginal people do not access the services for a host of reasons. These reasons include mistrust of welfare workers; a fear of abusive 'ardent lesbianism' in the running of the services; fear of racism; and cultural inappropriateness. In conclusion the research shows that a therapeutic model can be developed, which gives lowana the opportunity to learn to know, love and accept themselves; to be proud of their Aboriginality; to express their sensuality and sexuality in a confident, positive manner; and enhance integrity along with identity. The structure and process outlined in the model would be implemented in a culturally sensitive environment whereby the women would learn both Western and Aboriginal cultural applications where appropriate.
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Hill, Cameron J. "Ideas, institutionalisation and identity : the 'colonial question' in United States foreign policy, 1865-1960 /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17578.pdf.
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Collins, H. "The emergence and institutionalisation of the intercultural : navigating uneven discourses in a British university." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14773/.
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This thesis provides an ethnographic account of the institutionalisation of intercultural communication, intercultural studies and the umbrella label of ‘intercultural’ within a large British university. The study finds that the spread of the term ‘intercultural’ has been prolific, but the concept of ‘intercultural’ is polysemic and kept strategically vague within the university. The theoretical positions taken by social actors (university staff and students) who encounter and use ‘the intercultural’ is varied and uneven. The hegemonic position frames the ‘intercultural’ as compatible with the values and dominant discourses of the neoliberal university which ‘the intercultural’ must be seen to serve to become part of the institution. This position is evident, for example, in cases where ‘the intercultural’ is mobilised as a marketing tool to suggest it is a key to providing increased student employability and capacity for competing in a globalised world. In this version, ‘the intercultural’ is largely understood as essentialist and it is complicit with a wider methodological nationalism used to naturalise categories such as ‘international’ and ‘home’ students. While this may allow ‘the intercultural’ to gain institutional space, it paradoxically threatens to render the concept devoid of theoretical value. A counter position taken by some social actors stresses the need for greater criticality which avoids the essentialist traps posed by a structural-functionalist approach to the intercultural. This study is relevant to current arguments which emphasise the need for a paradigm shift in the application of ‘the intercultural’ and it suggests that the daily exigencies of the University and its discourses serve as an impediment to a conclusive shift. This raises the question of whether a nuanced approach to the intercultural is possible within a neoliberal university and suggests there is not only a need for a paradigm shift for ‘the intercultural’, but for universities as well.
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Lazarus, Joel. "Promoting democracy? : political party and party system institutionalisation and Western democracy promotion in Georgia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547773.
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Hambly, Helen Victoria. "The implementation and institutionalisation of agroforestry in western Kenya, a gender and agency analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/NQ56701.pdf.
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Mulvey, Gareth. "New Labour's immigration policy : the audience, the 'other' and the institutionalisation of policy feedback." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11853.
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This thesis combines public policy approaches to the study of policy development with theories of migration and applies them to analysis of New Labour immigration policy between 1997 and 2007. In particular the thesis engages with the insights of Lowi and Pierson in examining the degree to which immigration policy can be seen to have made immigration politics, and then to relate such insights to the feedback effects of that politics impacting on future policy. Through the analysis of four Acts of Parliament and the debate around those Acts, it is argued that a dual policy was created, with the quiet encouragement of wanted migrants accompanied by a hostile discourse related to the unwanted, particularly asylum seekers. This is shown to have created an immigration politics in which hostility has been institutionalised and has expanded beyond those initially identified as unwanted to include other categories of migrants. This, it is argued, has implications for the Government's future aims with regard to the wanted migrants, but also for the lives of those migrants who live in Britain.
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Kauk, Iuliia. "THE ALPINE REGION: UNDERSTANDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REGION THROUGH THE PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALISATION." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10491.
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In the context of regionalism and regionalisation, the notion of a region holds sway. Discussions around the topic of how spatial entities defined as ‘regions’ form, evolve, develop, become institutionalised and sometimes stabilized have been active and profound over the last forty years. Moreover, rich and diverse literature provides different conceptualizations and problematisation of regions that have been changing over time. ‘Heterogeneous relations’ that stretch over boundaries and are not territorially fixed have been accorded an increased attention in the regional studies. This research investigates the region building process in the Alpine region and analyses different agenda-settings pursued by various stakeholders in the Alpine region. The study employs qualitative methods to analyse processes of region building by applying Paasi’s institutionalisation theory. The findings show the regional dynamics in the case under investigation and claims that the Alpine region has being transformed from a closed, bounded, territorially fixed entity to a relational one, based on not territorially fixed heterogeneous relations. This transformation leads from a relatively ‘fixed’ Alpine region (as defined by Alpine Convention) to a more fluid, unbounded and ‘fuzzy’ space – the Alpine macro-region, which is being developing.