Journal articles on the topic 'Institutional safe space'
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Zetterstrom-Sharp, Johanna, and Chris Wingfield. "A "Safe Space" to Debate Colonial Legacy." Museum Worlds 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2019.070102.
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In February 2016, students at Jesus College, Cambridge voted unanimously to repatriate to Nigeria a bronze cockerel looted during the violent British expedition into Benin City in 1897. The college, however, decided to temporarily relocate Okukor to the University’s Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. This article outlines the discussions that occurred during this process, exploring how the Museum was positioned as a safe space in which uncomfortable colonial legacies, including institutionalized racism and cultural patrimony rights, could be debated. We explore how a stated commitment to postcolonial dialogue ultimately worked to circumvent a call for postcolonial action. Drawing on Ann Stoler’s and Elizabeth Edwards’s discussions of colonial aphasia, this article argues that anthropology museums risk enabling such circumvention despite confronting their own institutional colonial legacies.
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McGrath, Laura, Steven D. Brown, Ava Kanyeredzi, Paula Reavey, and Ian Tucker. "Peripheral recovery: ‘Keeping safe’ and ‘keep progressing’ as contradictory modes of ordering in a forensic psychiatric unit." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 39, no. 4 (May 26, 2021): 704–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02637758211013032.
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Sitting between the psychiatric and criminal justice systems, and yet fully located in neither, forensic psychiatric units are complex spaces. Both a therapeutic landscape and a carceral space, forensic services must try to balance the demands of therapy and security, or recovery and risk, within the confines of a strictly controlled institutional space. This article draws on qualitative material collected in a large forensic psychiatric unit in the UK, comprising 20 staff interviews and 20 photo production interviews with patients. We use John Law’s ‘modes of ordering’ to explore how the materials, relations and spaces are mobilised in everyday processes of living and working on the unit. We identify two ‘modes of ordering’: ‘keeping safe’, which we argue tends towards empty, stultified and static spaces; and ‘keep progressing’ which instead requires filling, enriching and ingraining spaces. We discuss ways in which tensions between these modes of ordering are resolved in the unit, noting a spatial hierarchy which prioritises ‘keeping safe’, thus limiting the institutional capacity for engendering progress and change. The empirical material is discussed in relation to the institutional and carceral geography literatures with a particular focus on mobilities.
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Dania, Maya, Wanwalee Inpin, Reni Juwitasari, Yuki Miyake, Yukiko Takeuchi, and Takayoshi Maki. "The Production of Safety School Space from Climate Disasters in Doi Mae Salong Forest, Upland Northern Thailand." Forest and Society 6, no. 2 (November 14, 2022): 763–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i2.20739.
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This research is conducted in Santikhiri, a hilltop village on the highest peak in the Doi Mae Salong forest, where climate change increases the intensity and frequency of natural disasters that immensely affect the local children in the mountainous area in Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand. There is only one secondary-level school in this forest landscape educating around 900 schoolchildren from various minority hill-tribe ethnic groups. This paper examines everyday life experiences recentering the village school's role as the producer of safe space for the forest children from climate disasters. School safety is a global framework for recognizing the importance of child-centered efforts in building disaster resilience for the education sector. Parameters and variables used to measure the disaster resilience of schools are adapted from the Climate Resilience Model and School Safety Model by Tong et al. (2012), covering three dimensions: 1) institutional issues, 2) physical conditions, and 3) external relationships. Lefebvre's Spatial Triad Framework is applied to dialectically interconnect dimensions to produce a safe space at the village school to protect the students from climate disaster threats. A mix-method method is applied with several techniques to collect data, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis. Furthermore, a scale Likert survey examined statements on school safety from educational practitioners in the rural forest area. The research argues that the production of safe space at the school is intertwined with budget allocation for disaster preparedness and response (institutional issue as l'espace concu), environmental protection campaign to create a hygienic school environment (physical conditions as l'espace percu), and support from the local community (external relations as l'espace vecu). However, the school is also two contradicting spaces of conceived and lived. Through the critical examination of the production of safe space, the school is a planned space of hierarchical power relations in institutional issues focusing on impacts from rapid-onset disasters. Concurrently, the forest children are still marginalized from external relationships and natural conditions' slow-onset climate change impacts.
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Callan, Eamonn. "Education in Safe and Unsafe Spaces." Philosophical Inquiry in Education 24, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1070555ar.
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Recent student demands within the academy for "safe space" have aroused concern about the constraints they might impose on free speech and academic freedom. There are as many kinds of safety as there are threats to the things that human beings might care about. That is why we need to be very clear about the specific threats of which the intended beneficiaries of safe space are supposed to be relieved. Much of the controversy can be dissolved by distinguishing between "dignity safety," to which everyone has a right, and "intellectual safety" of a kind that is repugnant to the education worth having. Psychological literature on stereotype threat and the interventions that alleviate its adverse effects shed light on how students’ equal dignity can be made safe in institutions without compromising liberty. But "intellectual safety" in education can only be conferred at the cost of indulging close-mindedness and allied vices. Tension between securing dignity safety and creating a fittingly unsafe intellectual environment can be eased when teaching and institutional ethos promote the virtue of civility. Race is used throughout the article as the example of a social category that can spur legitimate demands for "dignity safe space."
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Kulish, Inna. "Problems of institutional support of environmentally safe management of soils in Ukraine." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 4(144) (2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-4-6.
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A number of problems of ecologically safe management of soils in Ukraine are revealed. A significant decrease in capital investment and current expenditures on environmental protection and the lack of information on soil protection expenditures has been detected in recent years. The paper shows that in 2015, the forms of state statistical reporting of Ukraine were eliminated, while they contained such important land use indicators as reclamation, drainage, restoration, etc. The implementation of state plans for the development and adoption of regulatory legal acts in the land management in Ukraine was traced and the adoption of the developed bills was determined to have been proceeding very slowly. The powers of central and regional government bodies and local government bodies in the area of soil fertility preservation were analyzed. The control of the State Service of Ukraine on Geodesy, Cartography and Cadaster over changes in indicators of the qualitative state of soils is determined to be problematic due to the lack of specialized laboratories in the regional departments. The paper shows that agrochemical certification of agricultural lands is carried out at a low rate, and this, in connection with the beginning of the functioning of the land market in Ukraine, is unacceptable. The paper reveals that cartograms of the qualitative state of soils were developed for almost half of the agricultural land and are already outdated. The statistical information about the environment of Ukraine in terms of soil protection is reduced to the amount of fertilizers applied and the use of pesticides, and is relevant only for a part of enterprises that use a certain area of agricultural land. The low level of cooperation between the European Commission and the State Space Agency of Ukraine in the use of the capabilities of the Copernicus program is revealed.
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Embrick, David G., Simón Weffer, and Silvia Dómínguez. "White sanctuaries: race and place in art museums." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 11/12 (October 14, 2019): 995–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-11-2018-0186.
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Purpose This paper examines the Art Institute of Chicago – a nationally recognized museum – as a white sanctuary, i.e., a white institutional space within a racialized social system that serves to reassure whites of their dominant position in society. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how museums create and maintain white spaces within the greater context of being an institution for the general public. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis of this study is based on collaborative ethnographic data collected over a three-year period of time conducted by the first two authors, and consists of hundreds of photos and hundreds of hours of participant observations and field notes. The data are analyzed using descriptive methods and content analyses. Findings The findings highlight three specific racial mechanisms that speak to how white spaces are created, recreated and maintained within nationally and internationally elite museums: spatiality, the policing of space, and the management of access. Research limitations/implications Sociological research on how white spaces are maintained in racialized organizations is limited. This paper extends to museums’ institutional role in maintaining white supremacy, as white sanctuaries. Originality/value This paper adds to the existing literature on race, place and space by highlighting three specific racial mechanisms in museum institutions that help to maintain white supremacy, white normality(ies), and serve to facilitate a reassurance to whites’ anxieties, fears and fragilities about their group position in society – that which helps to preserve their psychological wages of whiteness in safe white spaces.
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Taylor-Leech, Kerry, and Eseta Tualaulelei. "Knowing Who You Are: Heritage Language, Identity and Safe Space in a Bilingual Kindergarten." TESOL in Context 30, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/tesol2021vol30no1art1581.
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Evidence shows that when young children’s diverse language heritages are valued and supported, there are benefits for their linguistic and conceptual development, their sense of identity and their learning. However, there are few early learning settings in Australia which nurture young children’s bilingual repertoires. And, while it is well established that early childhood is a critical period for first and second language acquisition, there is a lack of empirical research available on children’s bilingual development in institutional early childhood education and care. Against this backdrop, our article reports on a study of a bilingual Samoan community kindergarten (a’oga amata) in southeast Queensland. In this paper, we focus on how the a’oga amata supported the maintenance of the children’s heritage language and culture. We explore language use in the a’oga amata, the cultural values underpinning the educators’ practices, and the positive responses of the children and parents in the study. We also examine the constraints on the community leaders and educators’ efforts to create an authentic bilingual experience in this English-dominant environment. Finally, we revisit the notion of safe spaces for young bilingual learners (Conteh & Brock, 2011) and rearticulate the need for clear language policies that support heritage language education.
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Taylor-Leech, Kerry, and Eseta Tualaulelei. "Knowing Who You Are: Heritage Language, Identity and Safe Space in a Bilingual Kindergarten." TESOL in Context 30, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/tesol2021vol30no1art1581.
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Evidence shows that when young children’s diverse language heritages are valued and supported, there are benefits for their linguistic and conceptual development, their sense of identity and their learning. However, there are few early learning settings in Australia which nurture young children’s bilingual repertoires. And, while it is well established that early childhood is a critical period for first and second language acquisition, there is a lack of empirical research available on children’s bilingual development in institutional early childhood education and care. Against this backdrop, our article reports on a study of a bilingual Samoan community kindergarten (a’oga amata) in southeast Queensland. In this paper, we focus on how the a’oga amata supported the maintenance of the children’s heritage language and culture. We explore language use in the a’oga amata, the cultural values underpinning the educators’ practices, and the positive responses of the children and parents in the study. We also examine the constraints on the community leaders and educators’ efforts to create an authentic bilingual experience in this English-dominant environment. Finally, we revisit the notion of safe spaces for young bilingual learners (Conteh & Brock, 2011) and rearticulate the need for clear language policies that support heritage language education.
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Neale, Joanne, and Caral Stevenson. "A Qualitative Exploration of the Spatial Needs of Homeless Drug Users Living in Hostels and Night Shelters." Social Policy and Society 12, no. 4 (May 23, 2013): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746413000195.
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Qualitative data were deployed to explore the spatial needs of homeless drug users staying in hostels and night shelters. Findings indicated that Fitzpatrick and LaGory's four categories of spatial need (‘privacy’, ‘personal space’, ‘social interaction’, ‘safe and defensible spaces’) all had good analytical purchase. However, three further need categories (‘institutional support’, ‘amenities and standards’, ‘spatiotemporal structures and boundaries’) were identified. While hostels and night shelters met the spatial needs of some homeless drug users, there was considerable scope for improvement; indeed, failure to meet spatial needs could result in increased drug use, risky injecting practices, worsening health and a return to the streets. Our seven-fold categorisation of spatial needs requires further empirical study but could potentially inform other place-based approaches to health.
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Taylor, Sam, Helen Leigh-Phippard, and Alec Grant. "Writing for recovery: a practice development project for mental health service users, carers and survivors." International Practice Development Journal 4, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19043/ipdj.41.005.
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Background: This paper discusses a writing for recovery narrative practice development project based on Deleuzian theoretical principles. Creative writing was based on a formulation of ‘recovery’ as transcending the social invalidation, discrimination and abusive effects of institutional psychiatry. Aims and objectives: To provide a safe space for participants to explore the creative writing process To reduce participants’ anxieties about creative writing To enable a supportive environment to explore and discover individual writing voices To help participants work towards recovery and personal and social meaning through creativewriting Methods: By drawing on principles from the humanities and the use of creative writing techniques we were able to harness the individual and collective creative writing process. The aim was to facilitate the development of individual and group re-storying recovery identities, removed from perceived or actual institutional mental health expectations. Results: The principal output from the group was the publication of an anthology of participants’ work. New friendships were made in a community of recovery writers in the process of re-storying identities, and there was evidence of growth in participants’ self- and social confidence, supported by testimony from their significant others. Conclusions: Recovery community resilience and individual self-confidence can be developed through the medium of creative writing. It enables participants to explore and develop new, more viable identities in a safe space, sharing and working through experiences of social injustice, anger, fear and betrayal. Implications for practice: A rejection of values-based or evidence-based practice allows for a revised understanding ofrecovery, paving the way for narrative-based approaches As a model of such a revised understanding, Writing for Recovery enables participants to explorenew, more viable identities and come to terms with traumatic past events A challenge for mental health staff embracing Writing for Recovery is to acknowledge that onestrand of participants’ traumatic past is institutional psychiatric treatment
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MEL'NIKOVA, V. M., and N. A. MASTALERZh. "PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENT URBANISM AS THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF FOREIGN TOWN PLANNING." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.01.6.
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Article shows 10 principles of Intelligent Urbanism, that form the basis of contemporary town planning theory. Principles give the opportunity to work out strategies for urban development, that cover questions of historical heritage, social integration, safe streets, sustainability of engineering systems and context-appropriate architecture, effective redevelopment of brownfields and ecological balance. The institutional integrity (principle 10) is one of the most important criterions of achievement. Much attention is given to the problem of urban community creation (principle 4) and public space formation facilitating communication and interaction between citizens on different levels.
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Perez-Aronsson, Fanny. "”Åh vad kul, nu börjar det invandrare på skolan!”." Educare - vetenskapliga skrifter, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/educare.2019.4.4.
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This article criticizes the idea of schools as institutions of anti-racist knowledge and values, as well as schools as institutions of equal opportunity for all students, by examining how youths retell experiences of racism within the Swedish education system in online discussion fora. The study focuses on youths’ experiences of racism in meetings with teachers, in particular, as teachers are positioned as representatives of schools and often regarded as carriers of anti-racist knowledge and values to be taught to their pupils. Using a phenomenological approach, the study focuses how pupils attempt to reproduce institutional life lines promoting school success and upwards social mobility and how such attempts are interrupted by teachers, all the while forcing the pupils to embody a “happy diversity”. The article uses netnographic data from two online forums for racialized youth to highlight their experiences as shared online in a “safe space”, created specifically for them, and how such spaces constitute an alternative educational space beyond the limitations and regulations of their everyday school environments.
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Bacon, Alfred Emmanuel, Jurkovitz Claudine, Terry Horton, Richard Caplan, Mitchell Fawcett, Ryan Dal Nogare, Jessica Saunders, and Patty McGraw. "167. Deep Space Infections in Injection Drug Users (IDU)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.242.
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Abstract Background The opioid epidemic in the US has increased attention to infectious complications of injection drug use (IDU). The goal of our study was to ascertain the impact of these infections on the health of our community and institutional burden considering that our institution does not discharge patients with IDU for outpatient IV antibiotic treatments due to lack of safe environment and compliance concerns. Methods This retrospective study reviewed IDU-associated deep space infections in an 1100 -bed medical center from 2010 through 2014. Pathogens, site of infection, mortality rates and, length of stay (LOS), 3- month readmission (inpatient + observation), leaving against medical advice (AMA) rates for those alive at discharge, were evaluated. ICD-9/10 coding identified admissions related to opioid use and deep infections (endocarditis, diskitis/osteomyelitis, sepsis/bacteremia, empyema). Only the most severe infection was counted for each patient. Charts were reviewed to determine whether IDU was associated with the entree infections. Results A total of 505 patients met criteria for deep space infections associated with IDU over 5 years. Of those, 305 (60%) were male, 146 (29%) black, 335 (66%) white, 271 (54%) were on Medicaid, 246 (49%) had sepsis/bacteremia, 67 (13%) had endocarditis,143 (28%) discitis/osteomyelitis, 22 (4%) empyema and 27 (5%) other. Mean age was 46 ± 12 years. LOS varied by disease state. The overall median was 10 days, from 8 days for bacteremia/sepsis up to 27 for endocarditis. There were 43 (9%) hospital deaths; 30 (6%) patients left AMA and 209 (45%) patients were readmitted within 3 months. Conclusion Deep space infections in IDU patients result in long LOS, high mortality and high rates of readmissions and departures AMA. Improved algorithms for management that include psychosocial models and incorporate cost-effective and safe antibiotic administration need to be developed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Souza-Smith, Flavia M., Lucas Albrechet-Souza, Elizabeth M. Avegno, Chloe D. Ball, Tekeda F. Ferguson, Lisa M. Harrison-Bernard, and Patricia E. Molina. "Perspectives Against Racism: educational and socialization efforts at the departmental level." Advances in Physiology Education 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00246.2020.
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The current heightened social awareness and anxiety triggered by escalating violence against Black Americans in the United States demands a safe space for reflection, education, and civil discourse within the academic setting. Too often there is an unmet need paired with a collective urgent desire to better understand the chronic existing structural, social, educational, and health inequities affecting disadvantaged populations, particularly Black Americans. In this perspective, the authors provide insight into a shared learning approach that provided a forum to discuss Perspectives Against Racism (PAR). Unlike existing top-down approaches, faculty, trainees, and staff were engaged in leading a series of focused discussions to examine unconscious bias, promote awareness of implicit biases, and reflect on individual and collective roles and responsibilities in working toward becoming antiracist. An existing 1-h graduate elective seminar course was dedicated to creating a space for learning, discussion, and exchange of ideas related to the experience and existence of racism (personal and institutional/systemic). A goal of each session was to go beyond didactics and identify mechanisms to implement change, at the level of the individual, department, and institution. This perspective of the shared experience may provide an adaptable framework that can be implemented in an academic setting at the departmental, center, or institutional level.
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Kislyakov, Pavel A., and Elena A. Shmeleva. "Analysis of Russians’ Views on Personal Qualities as a Basis for Prosocial Safe Behavior Factors’ Identification." Open Psychology Journal 13, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350102013010040.
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Background: Currently, the research on social psychology, security psychology, professional psychology and environmental psychology indicates that prosocial behavior is a predictor or factor for ensuring security (for individuals, groups, societies, and the environment). This indicates the need to justify the category of safe prosocial behavior of individuals. Aim: This research focused on the identification of any psychological factor of safe prosocial behavior of an individual based on Russians’ views on personal qualities in advancing national interests and socio-cultural transformations. Methods: The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the theory of social norms of pro-social behavior. To examine the Russians’ ideas of the safe prosocial behavior, we conducted empirical research, which involved 583 people. In the first stage, we formed a list of possible qualities and motives (descriptors) of the safe prosocial human behavior with the use of focus groups. In the second stage, we used a special questionnaire in order to construct a subjective semantic space of the personal safe prosocial behavior based on the semantic differential method. Results: Results of the factor analysis to identify factors affecting safe prosocial behavior in modern society allowed determining seven factors. Conclusion: The obtained data provide an understanding that the safe prosocial human behavior appears to be mainly motivated by institutional and moral norms and is characterized by resources that ensure the psychological stability and well-being of an individual. Norms of collective behavior, religious norms and norms of following national traditions seemed to be dominant in affecting the behavior of individuals.
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Oladunjoye, Azeem O., Rudolph J. Schrot, Marike Zwienenberg-Lee, J. Paul Muizelaar, and Kiarash Shahlaie. "Decompressive craniectomy using gelatin film and future bone flap replacement." Journal of Neurosurgery 118, no. 4 (April 2013): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.1.jns121475.
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Object Decompressive craniectomy plays an important role in the management of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke. Risks of decompressive craniectomy include those associated with cranioplasty, and may be related to adhesions that develop between the brain surface and overlying scalp and temporalis muscle. The authors report their institutional experience using a multilayered technique (collagen and gelatin film barriers) to facilitate safe and rapid cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of 62 consecutive adult and pediatric patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy and subsequent cranioplasty between December 2007 and January 2011. Diagnoses included TBI, ischemic stroke, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. A detailed review of clinical charts was performed, including anesthesia records and radiographic study results. Results The majority of patients underwent unilateral hemicraniectomy (n = 56), with indications for surgery including midline shift (n = 37) or elevated intracranial pressure (n = 25). Multilayered decompressive craniectomy was safe and easy to perform, and was associated with a low complication rate, minimal operative time, and limited blood loss. Conclusions Decompressive craniectomy repair using an absorbable gelatin film barrier facilitates subsequent cranioplasty by preventing adhesions between intracranial contents and the overlying galea aponeurotica and temporalis muscle fascia. This technique makes cranioplasty dissection faster and potentially safer, which may improve clinical outcomes. The indications for gelatin film should be expanded to include placement in the epidural space after craniectomy.
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Hughes, Bryce E. "“Put the Jesuit Out Front”: How a Catholic, Jesuit University Addresses LGBQ Issues." American Educational Research Journal 57, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 1592–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831219878681.
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The campus climate for LGBQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer) communities in higher education has improved, but not necessarily at religiously affiliated institutions. This case study explores how faculty, staff, and students at a Jesuit, Catholic university address LGBQ issues through interviews, participant observation, and document review. Findings revealed that participants employed a variety of tactics adapted for the Catholic higher education context like Safe Space programming, opportunities for intellectual discourse, and leveraging the curriculum. To navigate institutional power dynamics, participants utilized framing issues as congruent with the university’s mission and engaged influential allies like Jesuit priests. This study holds implications for navigating organizational power dynamics in higher education and addressing the tension posed by addressing LGBQ issues on religiously affiliated campuses.
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Berger, Jonathan, Joe Small, Rafael Garza, Rafael Andrade, and Eitan Podgaetz. "Therapeutic Pneumoperitoneum: Relevant or Obsolete in 2015?" Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon 65, no. 05 (January 12, 2016): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1571140.
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Background Therapeutic pneumoperitoneum (TP) is one alternative to manage pleural space problems. We describe our technique and experience. Materials and Methods Medical records of all patients who underwent TP from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2015, were reviewed after Institutional Review Board approval. We report indication, preprocedure pulmonary function tests, volume of insufflated air, time to chest tube removal, and complications. We place a red rubber catheter into the peritoneal space through the diaphragm or a small abdominal incision, insufflate with room air, record volume (liters), intraperitoneal pressure (goal 9–10 mm Hg), and monitor vital signs, airway pressures, and urine output. Results We performed TP in 32 patients. Follow-up was available for 31 patients. Indications were prevention of pleural space problems in bilobectomy patients (n = 11), following decortication for empyema (n = 11), prevention of prolonged air leak (n = 3), prevention of postresection space (n = 4), and spontaneous chylothorax (n = 2). TP was done postoperatively in three patients. Median air volume used was 3.5 L (3–6 L). Time to chest tube removal overall was 7.8 days (3–20 days) and to discharge 10.2 days (4–32 days). No patient developed respiratory failure, renal failure, or required evacuation of TP. Conclusion TP is a simple, safe, and effective technique to manage pleural space problems. Proper patient selection and meticulous technique are imperative for the successful clinical application of TP. We believe that TP is an underutilized tool for the management of pleural space problems and merits wider application in thoracic surgical practice.
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DeFrain, Erica, and Miyoung Hong. "Interiors, Affect, and Use: How Does an Academic Library’s Learning Commons Support Students’ Needs?" Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 42–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29677.
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Abstract
Objective – This study sought to identify the learning needs, satisfaction levels, and preferences of students using an academic library’s learning commons. A particular focus was understanding whether the socio-collaborative environment facilitated by the learning commons was aligned with the institutional objectives of supporting intensive study and scholarly work.
Methods – A mixed methods sequential explanatory study design was used, in which quantitative findings were supplemented by qualitative findings. Data for the study were drawn from 59 hours of observations documenting behaviors of 9,249 individuals, as well as survey responses from 302 students. Three semi-structured focus groups with 10 students were held to discuss and clarify findings.
Results – Behavior mapping and survey data showed that students were largely satisfied with the learning commons and that it was considered a supportive environment for them to complete their stated tasks. Incongruity was observed between the learning commons’ intended and actual use; although 75% of spaces were designated for collaboration, 50% of survey respondents identified independent work as their primary task and 76% of individuals were observed working independently. In focus group discussions, students praised the space for its vibrant ambiance and facilitation of social connections, but acknowledged that more serious study required retreat into quieter spaces found elsewhere in the library.
Conclusion – The learning commons is an important and desirable space for students, providing a safe and community-oriented environment that is located in the center of campus. While students deemed the atmosphere successful for fostering social relationships and creating an overall sense of belonging, care needs to be taken to maintain a proper balance between quiet and collaborative spaces. The methods used in this study underscore the importance of gathering data from multiple sources, offering guidance to other libraries seeking to create, re-envision, and assess their learning spaces.
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FRANCHINI, MATÍAS, EDUARDO VIOLA, and ANA FLÁVIA BARROS-PLATIAU. "THE CHALLENGES OF THE ANTHROPOCENE: FROM INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS TO GLOBAL GOVERNANCE." Ambiente & Sociedade 20, no. 3 (September 2017): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc214v2022017.
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Abstract : This article proposes a reflection on the challenges of global environmental policy in the Anthropocene. Firstly, the inconsistency between the institutions of international environmental policy and the progressive degradation of the planetary boundaries is highlighted. Secondly, it is stated that, since the transition to Anthropocene requires the conscious construction of a new space of safe operation for humanity, it is necessary to radically modify the institutional structure of cooperation, based on international regimes: the transition from environmental politics to global governance. The fundamental milestone of this path is the overcoming of the international system of conservative hegemony, that is, the abandonment of the sovereignist tendencies - egotistical and short-term - on the part of its actors, particularly the great powers. Finally, a series of premises for the governance of the Anthropocene is proposed from the point of view of International Relations, with the post-sovereign transition as the main pillar.
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Benjamin, Anthea, and Sarah Tucker. "We’ve all got skin in the game: National Diversity Working Group: Power, Privilege and Position." Group Analysis 54, no. 3 (April 14, 2021): 437–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05333164211008412.
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This article describes the thinking and processes involved in initiating the National Diversity Working Group: Power, Privilege and Position (PPP) at the Institute of Group Analysis (IGA) in the UK. It argues that while group analysis is in theory distinguished by a commitment to engaging in power differences and wider socio-political issues, this theory has not hitherto been deeply reflected in practice in the institutional culture of the IGA, reflecting a disconnect between theory and practice. This article suggests that in practice there has been lived experience of a culture of various institutional prejudices. In this context there was an increasingly urgent need to take action to address the intransigent culture around power and difference at the IGA. The PPP was needed as a response to the entrenched anti-group processes at work in maintaining institutional prejudices. Positive responses to addressing institutional racism have created opportunities for organizational change. The article explores how the PPP working group’s responses to addressing institutional racism worked to support organizational change and how this work has been instituted throughout the wider community. The article emphasizes how in response to the Black Lives Matter movement (BLM), issues concerning race have recently become focal in the PPP’s life and therefore form the focus of the article. Drawing on Brown’s notion of the ‘Monitor of Justice’ it argues that in setting up the PPP there was a harnessing of hitherto marginalized but pro-social group norms in the IGA culture in the face of anti-social institutional prejudice. In this context the article contains a detailed reflection of the lived experience of a black group analyst taking on a key leadership role in the organization by becoming the Chair of the PPP. It describes how under this leadership, working collaboratively with colleagues, PPP has become a highly innovative and creative centrifugal force in the IGA within two years. It tracks the process of culture change and how creating a safe space for experiences of marginalization within organizations can lead to wider system changes that increase inclusivity. When institutions can remain open and not become defensive about these experiences, this can lead to the wider culture being able to integrate these important experiences and adapt.
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Bock, Annekatrin, and Felicitas Macgilchrist. "Mobile media practices of young people in «safely digital», «enthusiastically digital», and «postdigital» schools." MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung 35, Media literacy (October 23, 2019): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/35/2019.10.23.x.
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How do schools today engage with mobile media? Drawing on ethnographically oriented research at German Schools Abroad, this paper teases out three sets of practices regarding young people’s mobile media use: «safe», «enthusiastic», and «postdigital». Presenting vignettes from three schools to illustrate each set of practices, the paper demonstrates how students are differently controlled, guided, and given space to shape their worlds through the practices. The paper highlights that these practices exist simultaneously. They enact different (not better or worse) institutional priorities and different (not better or worse) understandings of young people’s mobile use. The paper also highlights the tensions when schools aim to control young people’s mobile use, arguing that each set of practices undermines itself. It ends by reflecting on the implications for future research and practice if we see increased mobile media use in schools not, as often assumed, as a mark of «progress», «improvement» or «modernity», but instead as emerging from different understandings of school and young people.
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Slyshkin, G., L. Malygina, E. Pavlova, and Syuy Yaczyao. "Linguistic Security. Anti-Vaccination as a Communicative Threat: Linguistic Mechanisms of Consciousness Manipulation." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 11, no. 5 (September 26, 2022): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2022-11-5-81-84.
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Review of the round table "Linguistic security. Anti-vaccination as a communicative threat: linguistic mechanisms of consciousness manipulation", organized by the staff of the research laboratory "Linguistic security and psychology of information impact" of the Institute of Law and National Security of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation. Non-institutional information flows of medical topics (news in the media, blogs, Internet forums, public in social networks), which have become a significant factor in the functioning of the public health system, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the discussion of the increasing potential for a destructive impact on the consciousness of patients through the presentation of unreliable (erroneous or deliberately false) information in the communicative space. The importance of a linguistically safe environment for national security is noted. Such concepts as “covid dissident” and “vaccine dissident” and their impact on society are considered, foreign experience in countering “anti-vaccination” is analyzed. Based on the results of the discussion, tactics were proposed for consolidating society in times of crisis, for the formation of a linguistically safe media environment in terms of the values of medicine and healthcare, and directions for further work to counter destructive information flows using the arsenal of linguistic expertise were outlined. A roadmap for a system for monitoring linguistic security and countering linguo-communicative threats is proposed.
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Vančová, Alica, Terézia Harčaríková, Ildan G. Idiyatullin, and Mongush N. Chochagay. "Open Resources in the Process Management of an Educational Organization in the Context of Integration and Inclusion." Development of education 4, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-100311.
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The formation of a digital education space is an important moment for the development of the education system in the modern world. The article analyzes the problems of ensuring the security of information technologies in the management of the educational process of organizations, the risks and threats of open Internet resources in the context of integration and inclusion. It is proposed to identify the process of forming digital mentors in a pandemic Covid time as a safe expert space that can reduce risks and threats. Materials and Methods. Using the method of descriptive analysis of datasets voluntarily made publicly available on the Internet by educational organisations allowed the authors to investigate examples of large-scale projects of virtual schools in the formats of exchange models for information subscribers and system integrators. The issues of ensuring the safety of underage users, legal shortcomings of access and protection of Internet consumers of open educational resources were discussed. Results. The study has shown that the evidence from innovative processes of developing and producing open educational resources is complex, context-specific and difficult to generalise. Such initiatives require significant organisational change, including external partners of educational organisations and stakeholders with different cultures and educational practices. The authors highlight the use of benchmarking technology as a tool for the quality of intellectual integrations and the effectiveness of educational activities as a whole as an important condition for the success of the processes taking place. In the context of the research, the authors raise the issue of computer addiction among pupils and students and their safe interaction with multifaceted information online, drawing attention to the need for legal and educational measures for online safety, which should be planned and implemented in the educational organisation on a regular basis. Open educational resource OER initiatives are related to institutional change and require appropriate pedagogical and psychological approaches and legal support to help all actors in the educational space adapt to changes in the IT culture. The materials of this article will be useful to specialists and educational managers, including inclusive education, in developing prospective strategies for digital education and models for the development, production and maintenance of open educational resources.
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Little, Ross, and Jason Warr. "Abstraction, belonging and comfort in the prison classroom." Incarceration 3, no. 3 (November 2022): 263266632211427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26326663221142759.
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Prison education, at the institutional and policy level, is too often about the use value of qualifications, rather than the exchange value inherent in the experience of learning. This article explores how abstract discussion can be used to resolve this problem by facilitating the production and exchange of pedagogical capital in a prison classroom. The development of pedagogical capital, a form of symbolic capital related to learning, enhanced the sense of belonging and comfort experienced by students. The classroom comprised learners from university and prison, participating in informal discussion emanating from abstract questions. Based on interviews with, and feedback and reflections from, students participating in an eight-week course located in a higher security Category B training prison in the midlands of England (‘HMP Lifer’), we discuss how pedagogical capital was produced and maintained. Firstly, it supported teachers to create a trustworthy learning space to discuss abstracted concepts and challenge each other – at an appropriate construal distance – without the discussion becoming too emotionally charged or exposing potential vulnerabilities. Secondly, it enabled students to use their own historical knowledge and experiences (narratives), creating a more equitable contributory space and reducing the risk of judgement. Thirdly, these elements combined to facilitate an iterative process of dialogical investment and exchange. The findings strongly suggest that the pedagogical approach was crucially important in creating a safe, trustworthy, equitable learning space in which students felt sufficiently at ease to exchange their thoughts and ideas as part of group discussion. We conclude that this pedagogical approach has wider implications for enhancing student resources, and fostering a sense of belonging in other, non-penal contexts, including higher education institutions.
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Nguyen, Elaine, Xiaomeng Xu, and Renee Robinson. "Lessons Learned from an Academic, Interdisciplinary, Multi-Campus, Research Collaboration." INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 11, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i2.3202.
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Background: The formation of productive academic research groups can be difficult, especially in environments without a robust and existing research infrastructure. Idaho and Alaska, are Institutional Development Award (IDeA)-eligible states, historically receiving low levels of funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Purpose/Methods: We present a case study highlighting an academic research collaboration established across two-disciplines, three-career stages, and three-campuses utilizing distance technology.
Results: One lesson learned from our experiences is that regardless of position (junior or senior faculty) or time at the institution/department (new or established), it is important to reach out to others. Collaborations require conscientious effort to establish and maintain. Second, a psychologically safe space must be created, establishing trust. Lastly, in order to eliminate distractions, optimize team performance, and improve deliverables, the team must have a shared mission. Team members must recognize, appreciate, and fully utilize each other and available resources.
Conclusion: Our experiences and lessons learned can be utilized by others to strengthen opportunities to form and grow interdisciplinary research collaborations and develop a stronger research infrastructure.
Article Type: Note
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OSIPOVA, Larisa, and Victoriia BILYK. "STRATEGIC-CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF MODERNIZATION OF THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE’S DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 302, no. 1 (January 2022): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-302-1-11.
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The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical provisions and develop practical recommendations for the formation of strategic and conceptual foundations for the modernization of the social security system of Ukraine in the context of European integration. It is shown that modern research and recommendations of domestic scientists are more partial than systemic, as they reveal and comprehend only certain aspects of the whole global complex of state social policy. The article emphasizes the urgency and critical timeliness of the formation and implementation of state policy to modernize the social security system, which is critical in the context of European integration aspirations to achieve the strategic goal of the social sphere of Ukraine with a high level of convergence with the European Union. A prospectus on external institutional priorities and priorities for realizing the internal potential of social growth has been implemented. The ascending preconditions for the formation of the policy of modernization of the social security system of Ukraine, in particular, systemic and characteristic, are determined. The applied significance of the research results is that the elements of strategizing the state policy of modernization of the social system of Ukraine in the conditions of globalization are determined. The institutional priorities of the national program of modernization of Ukraine’s social security system have been identified, namely – formation of digital infrastructure and development of smart cities, development of green economy, security of consumption, establishment of resistant health care system, improvement of social responsibility of entrepreneurship and society. new forms of employment, achieving a clean and safe living space. The scientific novelty of the research results is the identification of strategic priorities of the state policy of modernization of the social security system for the development of the national economy in the context of globalization and European integration.
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Smith, Michael E., José Lobo, Matthew A. Peeples, Abigail M. York, Benjamin W. Stanley, Katherine A. Crawford, Nicolas Gauthier, and Angela C. Huster. "The persistence of ancient settlements and urban sustainability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 20 (May 10, 2021): e2018155118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018155118.
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We propose a dedicated research effort on the determinants of settlement persistence in the ancient world, with the potential to significantly advance the scientific understanding of urban sustainability today. Settlements (cities, towns, villages) are locations with two key attributes: They frame human interactions and activities in space, and they are where people dwell or live. Sustainability, in this case, focuses on the capacity of structures and functions of a settlement system (geography, demography, institutions) to provide for continuity of safe habitation. The 7,000-y-old experience of urbanism, as revealed by archaeology and history, includes many instances of settlements and settlement systems enduring, adapting to, or generating environmental, institutional, and technological changes. The field of urban sustainability lacks a firm scientific foundation for understanding the long durée, relying instead on narratives of collapse informed by limited case studies. We argue for the development of a new interdisciplinary research effort to establish scientific understanding of settlement and settlement system persistence. Such an effort would build upon the many fields that study human settlements to develop new theories and databases from the extensive documentation of ancient and premodern urban systems. A scientific foundation will generate novel insights to advance the field of urban sustainability.
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Radhakrishnan, S., and Dr K. G. Selvan. "APPLICABILITY OF MASLOW’S THEORY ON CONSTRUCTION WORKERS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i5.2019.844.
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India is literally galloping in Industrial Development. The traditional identity of agrarian economy is superseded by rapid industrialization. The country accords top priority for industrial growth. We have a commendable presence in World Trade Organization as well. India is considered as the mouthpiece of developing nations.
Multinational Companies evince keen interest in having joint venture with Indian Corporates. They consider India as the safe platform for their industrial investment here.
This, appreciably promotes employment opportunities in the country. People from rural areas move to urban areas seeking employment. The industrial pay structure is also reasonable enough enabling people have a good disposable income.
The accumulation of people in the city necessitates more of living space in the city. The rental cost in the city is getting dearer.
This results in construction of more number of apartments in multi storied buildings in the city and the outskirts of same.
Another important thing that deserves mention is the easily available long term institutional finance for youngsters. They prefer to buy an apartment rather than going in for rental accommodation as, in comparison, the EMI is much better than paying rent which does not give them any benefit at all.
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Kilpatrick, Sue, Sherridan Emery, Jane Farmer, and Peter Kamstra. "Wellness Impacts of Social Capital Built in Online Peer Support Forums." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315427.
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The study reported in this paper sought to explore whether and how social capital resources were generated on online peer support mental health forums, and how they were used by rural users to influence mental health outcomes. Interviews with rural users of three Australian online peer support mental health forums were analysed to identify interactions that accessed social capital resources and mental wellness outcomes that flowed from these. Analysis drew on a model of simultaneous building and using of social capital to uncover the nature of the social capital resources present on the forum and how they were built. Findings show that forums were sites for building ‘knowledge resources’ including archives of users’ experiences of navigating mental illness and the mental health service system; and ‘identity resources’ including a willingness to contribute in line with forum values. The knowledge and identity resources built and available to rural users on the forums are facilitated by forum characteristics, which can be viewed as affordances of technology and institutional affordances. Operation by trusted organisations, moderation, a large network of users and anonymity created a safe space that encouraged reciprocity and where users exchanged information and social support that helped them maintain better mental wellness.
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Martin, Philippe, Corinne Alberti, Serge Gottot, Aurelie Bourmaud, and Elise de La Rochebrochard. "Expert Opinions on Web-Based Peer Education Interventions for Youth Sexual Health Promotion: Qualitative Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): e18650. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18650.
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Background Participatory education, in the form of peer education, may be an effective way to promote youth sexual health. With the advent of the internet, web-based interventions have potential as an attractive new tool for sexual health promotion by peers. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate professional experts’ opinions on the perspectives for web-based participatory interventions to promote sexual health by peers and among young people. Methods Semistructured interviews were carried out with 20 experts (stakeholders in direct contact with young people, researchers, and institutional actors) specializing in sexual health, health promotion, peer education, youth, internet, and social media. After coding with N’Vivo, data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. Results The majority of experts (18/20, 90%) found this kind of intervention to be attractive, but highlighted the necessary conditions, risks, and limitations attached to developing an acceptable peer intervention on the internet for sexual health promotion among young people. Five main themes were identified: (1) an internet intervention; (2) sexual health; (3) internet skills, and uses and the need for moderation; (4) multifaceted peers; and (5) minority peers. In the absence of youth interest for institutional messages, the experts highlighted the attractive participatory features of web-based interventions and the need for geolocalized resources. However, they also warned of the limitations associated with the possibility of integrating peers into education: peers should not be mere messengers, and should remain peers so as not to be outsiders to the target group. Experts highlighted concrete proposals to design an online participatory peer intervention, including the process of peer implication, online features in the intervention, and key points for conception and evaluation. Conclusions The experts agreed that web-based participatory interventions for youth sexual health promotion must be tailored to needs, uses, and preferences. This type of action requires youth involvement framed in an inclusive and holistic sexual health approach. Peer education can be implemented via the internet, but the design of the intervention also requires not being overly institutional in nature. Involving young people in their own education in an interactive, safe online space has the potential to develop their empowerment and to foster long-term positive behaviors, especially in the area of sexual health.
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Yang, Ronghui, Bart Penders, and Klasien Horstman. "Vaccine Hesitancy in China: A Qualitative Study of Stakeholders’ Perspectives." Vaccines 8, no. 4 (November 3, 2020): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040650.
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A series of vaccine incidents have stimulated vaccine hesitance in China over the last decade. Many scholars have studied the institutional management of these incidents, but a qualitative study of stakeholders’ perspectives on vaccine hesitancy in China is missing. To address this lacuna, we conducted in-depth interviews and collected online data to explore diverse stakeholders’ narratives on vaccine hesitance. Our analysis shows the different perspectives of medical experts, journalists, parents, and self-defined vaccination victims on vaccination and vaccination hesitance. Medical experts generally consider vaccines, despite some flaws, as safe, and they consider most vaccine safety incidents to be related to coupling symptoms, not to vaccinations. Some parents agree with medical experts, but most do not trust vaccine safety and do not want to put their children at risk. Media professionals, online medical experts, and doctors who do not need to align with the political goal of maintaining a high vaccination rate are less positive about vaccination and consider vaccine hesitance a failure of expert–lay communication in China. Our analysis exhibits the tensions of medical expert and lay perspectives on vaccine hesitance, and suggests that vaccination experts ‘see like a state’, which is a finding consistent with other studies that have identified the over-politicization of expert–lay communication in Chinese public discourse. Chinese parents need space to express their concerns so that vaccination programs can attune to them.
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Nash, Amanda, Maria Jarvis, Samira Aghlara-Fotovat, Sudip Mukherjee, Andrea Hernandez, Andrew Hecht, Peter Rios, et al. "212 Tumor adjacent cytokine factories for eradication of ovarian cancer tumor burden in mice through cytotoxic T-cell activation with safe and predictable dosing in non-human primates." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (November 2021): A225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.212.
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BackgroundPro-inflammatory cytokines have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal carcinoma.1 2 However, effective cytokine therapy is limited by its short half-life in circulation and the severe adverse effects associated with high systemic exposure. 3 To overcome these limitations, we developed a clinically translatable localized cytokine delivery platform composed of polymer encapsulated epithelial cells that produce localized natural cytokines (IL2, IL7, IL10, or IL12) with temporal regulation.MethodsCytokine PK StudiesSupernatant from individual capsules were assayed at 1-, 2-, 4-, or 24-hours using ELISA (n=6). Mouse Studies: For IP tumor models of ID8-Fluc; 10x106 cells suspended in HBSS were injected in the IP space of female albino C57BL/6 or NU/NU Nude mice (n=4–6). Cytokine factories were implanted 7 days post tumor injection. Primate Studies: Increasing doses of cytokine factories were administered to cynomolgus macaques (n=3). Complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis were performed 28 days after administration. IVIS Imaging: Mice were injected in the IP space with D-luciferin (300 µg/mL, PerkinElmer). Photographs and luminescent images were acquired 10 minutes after injection. Flow Cytometry: All antibodies were commercially obtained and prepared the day of staining. Intracellular staining was performed using the FOXp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (Cat. 00-5523-00, eBioscience) and the BD Cytofix/cytoperm fixation/permeabilization solution kit (Cat. 554714, BD Bioscience).ResultsTumor-adjacent local administration of these cytokine factories demonstrated predictable dose modulation with spatial and temporal control and provided ovarian cancer immunotherapy without systemic toxicities. Interestingly, the murine IL2 local concentration (IP space) was greater than 100x higher than the systemic concentration (blood) demonstrating the ability of the platform to deliver native cytokines in vivo and create a high local concentration of cytokines with limited peripheral exposure. A similar concentration differential was seen with IL7, IL10 and IL12. Treatment of peritoneal tumors using IL2 producing cytokine factories provided sustained eradication of peritoneal tumors in an ovarian cancer mouse model. Our data confirmed local increases in the activation (CD25+CD8+) and proliferation (Ki67+CD8+) of cytotoxic T cells within the IP space of cytokine factory treated mice. Significantly, this platform produced local and systemic T cell biomarker profiles that predict efficacy without toxicity in non-human primates.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the safety and efficacy of IL2 cytokine factories in preclinical animal models and provide rationale for future clinical testing for the treatment of metastatic peritoneal cancers in humans.ReferencesChoudhry H, Helmi N, Abdulaal WH, Zeyadi M, Zamzami MA, Wu W, Mahmoud MM, Warsi MK, Rasool M, Jamal MS. Prospects of IL-2 in cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Res Int 2018;(2018): 9056173.McDermott DF, Atkins MB. Interleukin-2 therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma--predictors of response. Semin Oncol 33(2006):583–587.Muhlradt PF, Opitz HG. Clearance of interleukin 2 from the blood of normal and T cell-depleted mice. Eur J Immunol 12(1982):983–985.Ethics ApprovalAll mouse experiments were approved by Rice University’s Institution Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). All cynomolgus macaque procedures and post-operative care were performed in accordance with the Guidelines for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the University of Illinois-Chicago (UIC) and approved by the Institutional Use and Animal Care Committee (IACUC) of UIC.
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Long, Matthew Sydney. "The familiar stranger of mental health." Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 15, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmhtep-08-2019-0036.
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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the debate about the closure of institutional mental health-care facilities, from an experiential perspective of a former mental health inpatient, ongoing service user and campaigner for retention of such facilities. It argues that auto-ethnographic accounts of mental illness by those with multiple social identities can have a greater role in terms of future training of mental health-care professionals. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers an experiential account of the impact of mental health facility bed closures as a patient admitted to institutional mental health facilities; as a mental health campaigner, fighting for the provision of both places of safety and “safe space” within his own local community; and as an ongoing service user. The research is in the interpretivist tradition of social science in taking an auto-ethnographical methodological stance. Findings This paper is underpinned by two key theoretical notions. Firstly, Stuart Hall’s concept of the Familiar Stranger (2017) is used to explore the tensions of self-identity as the author SHIFTS uncomfortably between his three-fold statuses. Secondly, the notion of “ontological insecurity” offered by Giddens (1991) is used with the paper exploring the paradox that admission to a mental health facility so-called “place of safety” is in fact itself a disorientating experience for both patient and carer(s). Research limitations/implications No positivistic claims to reliability, representativeness or generalisability can be made. It is the authenticity of the account which the reader feels should be afforded primacy in terms of its original contribution to knowledge. Practical implications This paper should have practical use for those tasked with developing educational and training curriculums for professionals across the mental health-care sector. Social implications This paper implicitly assesses the political wisdom of the policy of mental health bed closures within the wider context of the deinstitutionalisation movement. Originality/value This paper is underpinned by original experiential accounts from the author as patient, campaigner for places of safety and onging service-user of mental health care provision.
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Vassar, Mary J., and James W. Holcroft. "Use of Hypertonic-Hyperoncotic Fluids for Resuscitation of Trauma Patients." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 7, no. 4 (July 1992): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669200700406.
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Hypertonic sodium chloride solutions in concentrations ranging from 1.5% to 24% have been studied for use in the resuscitation of burn and hemorrhagic shock victims for many years. In animal studies, in the setting of small volume resuscitation, hypertonic sodium chloride is superior to standard isotonic crystalloid resuscitation for restoration of hemodynamic stability. The combination of hypertonic sodium chloride with a hyperoncotic colloid solution sustains hemodynamic improvements for an additional hour. Hypertonic-hyperoncotic solutions restore vascular volume primarily by drawing water out of the cell and then selectively partitioning some of the newly recruited fluid within the plasma space. The hyperosmolar state also augments microcirculatory flow, reduces cerebral edema formation, and perhaps increases myocardial contractility. The ability to increase cardiac output with small volume hypertonic-hyperoncotic resuscitation may solve some of the problems related to fluid resuscitation in the prehospital setting when transport times are prolonged or mass casualties need to be treated. Decreasing the volume of fluid required during resuscitation may also prove beneficial in the setting of craniocerebral trauma where the administration of large volumes of crystalloid can increase intracranial pressure. The largest clinical experiences have been reported with the administration of 4 mL/kg of 7.5% sodium chloride combined with 6% dextran 70. These studies have shown that this solution is safe to administer and effective for reversal of hypotension. Whether or not the ability to reverse hypotension will translate into improved survival remains undetermined at present and will require larger multi-institutional trials.
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Bukhvald, E. M. "Security Strategies and the Development of Federal Relations in Russia." Federalism 27, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-96-112.
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The adoption in 2021 of the updated version of the National security strategy of the Russian Federation gives grounds to assess how the problems of Russian federalism have been reflected in a series of documents of this kind over the past quarter of a century, primarily in the context of the development of its legal and economic foundations. The article argues that the constant improvement of these foundations is of great importance for the formation of prerequisites for the sustainable and safe development of the country’s economy and the Russian statehood as a whole. Both economic and non-economic factors closely interact in this component of national security. Here, the adequacy of the legal and institutional framework of the state policy in the field of security is fully manifested. Moreover, as it’s shown in the article, the economic and legal mechanism of federal relations is not only an object of security provision policy, but also acts as an instrument of this policy by ensuring the coordinated participation in it of all levels of public power – state federal and regional administration, as well as the system of local self-government. The main purpose of the article is to show that the updated version of the National security strategy has not yet found enough space for the systematic reflection of the relationship between the sustainable, secure development of the country with constant work, aimed to improve federal relations, where risks for the effective functioning of the state and municipal management system are really possible.
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Evdokimov, Vyacheslav, and Alexey Ushakov. "The Transformation of the Constitutional Control Institute in the Political and Legal Space of Russia." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2019): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.3.14.
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Introduction. The article presents the author’s interpretation of the process of constitutional control institutionalization in Russia. The paper highlights the dominant factors and main vectors of the constitutional control transformation in the context of modernizing the political and legal systems of the Russian Federation. The authors pay a particular attention to the specifics of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation functioning in the current system of separation of powers and upholding the sovereignty of the Russian state in the context of contradictory modern processes of political globalization. Methodology and methods. The theoretical and methodological base of the work includes theses of Russian and foreign scientistsconstitutionalists A. Medushevskiy, V.E. Chirkin, L. Fridman, F. Luscher. The theories of political modernization and globalization (A.Yu. Melvil, S. Lantsov, S. Eisenstadt, S. Huntington, I. Wallerstein, Z. Bauman) were used to analyze the functional specificity of constitutional control institute activities in the conditions of forming a global and regional “risk society”, and a new Russian state after the Soviet Union collapse. The empirical base of the study was the following: the Constitution of the Russian Federation; Constitutional and Federal laws of the Russian Federation, other legal documents regulating the activities of state authorities and administration; periodical materials; research results of the leading sociological centers – Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM), Levada-Center. Analysis. The stages of forming the constitutional control institution and its transformation should be considered in the context of modernizing the Russian state, its political and legal systems. At the same time, the inconsistency of the statist model of political modernization in Russia has a significant impact on modern institutional reinforcement and the practice of implementing the principle of separation of powers, including the political and legal status of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The escalation of internal and external risks and threats to the Russian society and state objectively defines a number of restrictions to the comprehensive disclosure of the constitutional justice political potential. Discussion. The main discussion dominants in analysing factors and directions of the constitutional control institute transformation in modern Russia are the following: the degree of rootedness of constitutionalism principles and constitutional values in the public consciousness of Russian citizens, and first of all among the ruling elite; the effectiveness of implementing constitutional control in comparison with other types of control – public, civil, parliamentary, etc.; the indicators of performance of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to strengthen Russia as a legal, democratic state while ensuring stable and safe development of the national society. Results. The article highlights the main stages of the constitutional control institutionalization in the national history. The interrelation of modernization transformations of Russian society and the state with formation and functioning of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is traced. The paper presents the dominant vectors of the constitutional control institute transformation in the Russian political and legal space, taking into account real and potential risks and threats in the personality-society-state system.
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Atuhairwe, Susan, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Lynn Atuyambe, Josaphat Byamugisha, Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye, and Claudia Hanson. "Exploring health care providers’ experiences of and perceptions towards the use of misoprostol for management of second trimester incomplete abortion in Central Uganda." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): e0268812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268812.
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Introduction Women living in low- and middle-income countries still have limited access to quality second trimester post abortion care. We aim to explore health care providers’ experiences of and perceptions towards the use of misoprostol for management of second trimester incomplete abortion. Methods This qualitative study used the phenomenology approach. We conducted 48 in-depth interviews for doctors and midwives at 14 public health facilities in central Uganda using a flexible interview guide. We used inductive content analysis and made code frequencies based on health care provider cadre, and health facility level and then abstracted themes from categories. Results Well trained midwives were perceived as competent to manage second trimester post abortion care stable patients, however doctor’s supervision in case of complications was considered important. Sometimes, midwives were seen as offering better care than doctors given their stronger presence in the facilities. Misoprostol received unanimous support and viewed as: safe, effective, cheap, convenient, readily available, maintained patient privacy, and saved resources. Challenges faced included: side effects, prolonged hospital stay, treatment failure, inclination to surgical evacuation, heavy work load, inadequate space, lack of medical commodities, frequent staff rotations which affects the quality of patient care. To address these challenges, respondents coped by: giving patients psychological support, analgesics, close patient monitoring, staff mentorship, commitment to work, team work and patient involvement in care. Conclusion Misoprostol is perceived as an ideal uterine evacuation method for second trimester post abortion care of uncomplicated patients and trained midwives are considered competent managing these patients in a health facility setting with a back-up of a doctor. Health care providers require institutional and policy environment support for improved service delivery.
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Rourke, Arianne Jennifer, and Kim Snepvangers. "Ecologies of practice in tertiary art and design: a review of two cases." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 6, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-04-2015-0014.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to re-orientate assessment tasks in tertiary art and design, arguing the important role ecologies of practice and work-place learning play in professional identity formation. Linking coursework design with dilemmas and self-regulatory tasks which move beyond compliance and static content in isolated courses. Design/methodology/approach – Two purposive case studies were selected from one academic year across two programs. Student feedback data demonstrated how the first blog journal case provided a metacognitive structure for postgraduates’ while working in the arts industry. The second eportfolio case illustrates ecologies supporting undergraduate “practice architectures” during pre-service practicum. Findings – Ecologies of practice reveal complexity and inform professional judgment by allowing unsettling issues and concerns to be addressed. Changing commitment through future orientation counteracts institutional requirements for self-portrayal by fostering greater participation by learners. Research limitations/implications – Survey data limitations are addressed through peer-review, emergent trends and longevity of the learning design. Guidelines on how to provide critical and constructive feedback within collaborative cohorts, prioritizes intrinsic motivation, indeterminacy and authentic principles in career related pathways. Practical implications – Assessment, course and program re-design engaged with ecologies of practice produced student qualitative commentary giving “voice” and evidence of teleo (purpose) and affective (commitment) in ways not typically known in academic programs. Social implications – Students self-regulate learning and utilize technology within a “safe” learning space. Social connectedness through articulated encounters powerfully impacts personal awareness, confidence and resilience. Originality/value – This research has provided critical guidelines for how to scaffold feedback in professional learning. The case studies show how reflective environments engaged with unresolved critical incidents build professional knowledge and identity across time.
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Bali, Maha, Paulo Goes, Eva Haug, and Anita Patankar. "COVID-19 impacts on virtual exchange around the world." Journal of Virtual Exchange 4 SI:IVEC2020 (December 20, 2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/jve.4.38198.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has simultaneously created both opportunities and challenges for the emerging field of virtual exchange: On one hand, institutional administrators and funding organisations saw virtual exchange as the solution to global learning needs while physical travel was restricted and traditional mobility programmes were suspended. On the other hand, instructors felt overwhelmed by transitioning all of their teaching online, and without physical access to their educational institutions, many students and instructors lacked reliable internet connections or safe places to engage in learning, not to mention the financial burdens of the pandemic. This moderated panel discussion which took place during the IVEC 2020 conference invited diverse perspectives to explore the impacts of the pandemic on virtual exchange in various contexts around the world. Central to the discussion were issues of equity, inclusion and justice: Is virtual exchange truly a more accessible and equitable form of global learning, as it is often promoted to be? In this video contribution, Eva Haug moderates the conversation between Maha Bali, Paulo Goes, and Anita Patankar around the following questions. * How is virtual exchange a solution to global learning during COVID-19? * What have been the two to three most relevant impacts of the pandemic on virtual exchange activity at your institution, in your country, or region of the world? * How can we as a field of practitioners maintain and sustain the current momentum and interest in VE in a post-COVID-19 world? * Can intercultural exchange be apolitical? * If an institution is in a position of power or privilege, how can they create space in virtual exchange for institutions that are less represented? The video recording is accessible on: https://vimeo.com/459415071 (CC BY-NC-NC)
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Khadraoui, Wafa, Christina Tierney, Sophie Chung, Masoud Azodi, Elena Ratner, and Gulden Menderes. "The incidence of microscopic adnexal metastatic disease in women with presumed early stage endometrial cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e17128-e17128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e17128.
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e17128 Background: The standard surgical staging for endometrial cancer has been established as a total laparoscopic hysterectomy,bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and lymphadenectomies. However, ovarian removal can have significant consequences in pre- and peri-menopausal women, which comprise 25% newly diagnosed endometrial cancer. The potential ramifications of premature surgical menopause are clinically important. The goal of this study is to determine the incidence of microscopic adnexal metastatic disease in younger patients with presumed early stage endometrial cancer. Methods: From January 2005 through December 2010, 57 women who were 52 years old or younger with presumed early stage endometrial cancer were identified from our institutional database. Inclusion criteria included (1) FIGO grade 1 endometrioid endometrial cancer on endometrial biopsy, or (2) FIGO grade 1 endometrioid endometrial cancer on frozen section specimen with < 50% myometrial invasion, no evidence of metastatic disease on pre-operative imaging, and no grossly visible metastatic disease in the peritoneal cavity during the staging surgery. Results: Of these 57 patients, four (7%) had lymphovascular space invasion, 20 (35%) had lower uterine segment involvement, 26 (45%) had superficial myometrial invasion or no residual carcinoma, while three (5%) unexpectedly had 50% or greater myometrial invasion on final pathology. Half of our patient population (50%) received vaginal brachytherapy. Of the 57 patients, one (1.8%) had microscopic adnexal involvement in a fallopian tube which upstaged her to stage IIIA disease. Pathological risk factors for advanced stage included LVI, lower uterine segment disease, and 50% myometrial invasion. Conclusions: After a thorough pre-operative evaluation and intra-operative exploration, preservation of the ovaries appears to be a safe and viable option for younger women who are diagnosed with presumed early stage disease. We suggest that ovarian preservation should be discussed on an individual basis in pre- peri-menopausal patients who meet the above-mentioned strict eligibility criteria.
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McCourt, Christine, Juliet Rayment, Susanna Rance, and Jane Sandall. "Place of Birth and Concepts of Wellbeing." Anthropology in Action 23, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/aia.2016.230303.
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AbstractThis article is based on analysis of a series of ethnographic case studies of midwifery units in England. Midwifery units1 are spaces that were developed to provide more home-like and less medically oriented care for birth that would support physiological processes of labour, women’s comfort and a positive experience of birth for women and their families. They are run by midwives, either on a hospital site alongside an obstetric unit (Alongside Midwifery Unit – AMU) or a freestanding unit away from an obstetric unit (Freestanding Midwifery Unit – FMU). Midwifery units have been designed and intended specifically as locations of wellbeing and although the meaning of the term is used very loosely in public discourse, this claim is supported by a large epidemiological study, which found that they provide safe care for babies while reducing use of medical interventions and with better health outcomes for the women. Our research indicated that midwifery units function as a protected space, one which uses domestic features as metaphors of home in order to promote a sense of wellbeing and to re-normalise concepts of birth, which had become inhabited by medical models and a preoccupation with risk. However, we argue that this protected space has a function for midwives as well as for birthing women. Midwifery units are intended to support midwives’ wellbeing following decades of professional struggles to maintain autonomy, midwife-led care2 and a professional identity founded on supporting normal, healthy birth. This development, which is focused on place of birth rather than other aspects of maternity care such as continuity, shows potential for restoring wellbeing on individual, professional and community levels, through improving rates of normal physiological birth and improving experiences of providing and receiving care. Nevertheless, this very focus also poses challenges for health service providers attempting to provide a ‘social model of care’ within an institutional context.1The term midwifery unit was adopted by the Birthplace research programme in place of the more popular term ‘birth centre’ to avoid ambiguity. In a midwifery unit care is not only provided by mid-wives but is also managed by midwives and does not normally include use of obstetric instruments or interventions. If a woman planning birth in a mid-wifery unit develops obstetric complications, or decides she wishes to have a medical intervention such as epidural pain relief, she is transferred for care to an obstetric unit. Some units called birth centres are not managed by midwives in this way.2Midwife-led care refers to care where the midwife, rather than an obstetrician or other professional is the lead professional, who takes responsibility for a woman’s maternity care through from pregnancy to postnatal. Following the Changing Childbirth report in 1993, this was re-established as the usual model for women classified as at low risk of pregnancy and birth complications.
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Bogush, Alla, and Olena Kovtun. "Discourse “Radiotelephony of Civil Aviation”: psycholinguistic aspect." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 25, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2019-25-1-11-32.
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The article focuses on psycholinguistic aspects of the discourse “Radiotelephony of civil aviation” (RTF). The relevance of the research is related to the key role that this discourse plays in ensuring flight safety. Psycholinguistic analysis of radiotelephony allowed us to prove its discursive nature based on procedural, interactive, and real-time attributes. The RTF discourse is defined as a closed, narrow-professional, institutional and dynamic type. This discourse is intentional and focused on safe operation of flight; conventional, limited by a set of stereotyped phrases enshrined in regulatory documents and obligatory for radiotelephony participants’ use, by strict regulation of radiotelephony procedures at all stages of flight. We determined that RTF discourse users as representatives of a certain professional space could realize themselves in a limited set of communicative roles. Communicative process “pilot – air traffic controller” is based on the “circular model”, since one-way communication in this type of discourse is not provided for. The “status-role” relations of RTF participants are primarily realized by means of the binary opposition “the initiator of the message” – “the executor / non-executor of the requested action”. Main speech functions realized in RTF discourse are informative and regulatory.
RTF discourse is a “language code”, since information transmitted in it is understandable only to the actors of aviation community. Non-compliance with norms of this language code use, as well as a number of psycho-linguistic, psycho-physiological, and extra-linguistic factors lead to disruption of information coding / decoding processes, cause communicative failures, become concomitant factors of aviation accidents.
Analysis of psycholinguistic features of RTF discourse, nature and causes of RTF communication failures, and psycho-physiological features of pilot in-flight activity (information overloading, high tempo of work due to time limits, work in stressful conditions) allowed us to determine types of exercises facilitating the process of future pilots training to cope with real difficulties of professional communication in RTF discourse.
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Rahman, Mohammad Habibur, Abirvab Naha, Riashat Azim Majumder, Md Khalid Mahmud, Arif Mahmud Jewel, Kamrul Hassan Tarafder, A. Allam Chowdhury, and Sheikh Hasanur Rahman. "Role of Foam Sclerotherapy with Injection Ethanolamine Oleate for the Treatment of Venous Malformation in Head-Neck Region." Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 26, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v26i2.50606.
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Background: Venous malformations (VMs) are a variety of low flow vascular malformations, which are developmental error of morphogenesis of veins where veins are dysplastic lined by quiescent or normal endothelium. Although surgical extirpation is the standard method for the treatment of vascular malformations, this procedure often leads to significant loss of motor function, nerve damage, or massive bleeding in patients which may endanger the life. Therefore, sclerotherapy has now been accepted as a less invasive alternative and good results have been obtained.
Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes after Foam sclerotherapy with injection Ethanolamine Oleate (EO) for the treatment of VMs in head-neck region.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Forty-three patients with venous malformation in head neck region that had the inclusion criteria were enrolled as a study sample. The patients were diagnosed mostly clinically & confirmed by demonstrating non-pulsatile blood flow and venous space using Duplex ultrasound. The sclerosing solution 5% Ethanolamine Oleate (EO) was used in this study. Sclerofoam was produced using the Tessari method in 4:1 air to liquid ratio, the foam had been used within 60- 90 seconds. Results of the study were categorized as excellent, good, fair and poor. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of BSMMU.
Results: Among 43 patients 34(79.1%) patients underwent single session and 9(20.9%) were two sessions. All the lesions were responded to EO. Response to sclerotherapy categorized as excellent were in two third 29 (67.4%) patients and 14 (32.6%) had good response. No sessions resulted in poor responses. No complications occurred following any procedures. All of the sessions were performed as a day case basis without anesthesia.
Conclusions: Foam sclerotherapy with injection EO appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of VMs in the head and neck region and should be considered when treating these complex lesions.
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 79-85
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Klymentova, Olena, and Olga Piatetska. "USING THE CASE STUDY APPROACH IN THE COURSE "INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE MEDIA: LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE"." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Literary Studies. Linguistics. Folklore Studies, no. 30 (2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2659.2021.30.8.
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The article is devoted to the problem of using the CASE STUDY approach in the course "Information Security in the Media: Linguistic Competence", which is offered to students of master's specialties "Media Linguistics". The authors substantiate its methodological expediency by adapting to integrated disciplines, where the objects of analysis are real-life facts and their representation in the media, and where there are several effective solutions to the problem.The course "Information Security in the Media: Linguistic Competence" is interdisciplinary, that is why it corresponds well with the analytical capabilities of the approach. The authors also represent the methodical complex, which was created on the basis of the course for teaching master students at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The choice of analytical material is motivated by the fact that modern wars are fought primarily in the information space, where safe and dangerous are deliberately fused in media flows, so there is an urgent need to learn to distinguish between them.The topics of the lectures correlate with the problems of information pathogenicity. In security contexts, it appears as a result of violation of the legal basis of information activities and communication norms, when there are various psychoecological deviations that destroy trust in official institutional information, destroy traditional value paradigms, beliefs, turn socialized reflection on information influences into panic, mass aggression or indifference, etc. Within the course, students study the evolutionary dynamics of the standards of secure information representation, in particular in terms of its modern standards in the media, security specifics of traditional and current fact-checking is studied, and different scales of strategically important information and types of verbal manipulation are analyzed. The course is aimed at improving the media culture of secure communication, involves the formation of skills to recognize strategic content implemented in modern government strategies of hard, soft and intelligent power, special attention is paid to the processes of information socialization with the help of communication technologies.The specificity of the course objectifies the need to update methodological approaches and analytical tools for the study of media texts. This problem is partially solved by involving the methodological resource CASE STUDY.
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Revak, Iryna, and Roman Gren. "PECULIARITIES OF THE FORMATION OF SECURE CYBERSPACE IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 3-4 (2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2021.3-4.23.
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Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of secure cyberspace in the digital economy, to substantiate the activities of law enforcement agencies to prevent cybercrime. Methodology of research. The theoretical basis of the study were the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, scientific works of scientists, regulations and legislation of Ukraine on cyber security and the development of the digital economy. To achieve this goal, the following general and special methods were used: abstract and logical (to substantiate the key characteristics of the information space in the context of growing digital economy), system (to consider the relationship between different departments and businesses to develop measures to combat transnational crime), inductive logic (in the study of law enforcement activities to prevent real and potential cybercrime), deductive (to determine effective means of security control in the management of cyber threats), system and structural analysis (to identify and analyse patterns, trends and features of the digital economy). Findings. The peculiarities of a secure virtual environment in the conditions of digital economy development are studied, taking into account the specifics of information society formation and digitalization of economic relations, development of economic processes, in particular their entry into the international digital market. Problematic issues of information and cyber security are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the development and implementation of technologies to protect and counter cyber-attacks, cyber risk management and evaluation of the effectiveness of safe cyberspace control. Effective means of counteracting the commission of crimes in the digital economy are analysed, perspective directions of ensuring law and order in cyberspace are substantiated. Originality. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of theoretical and methodological provisions and applied recommendations for the formation of secure cyberspace in the digital economy, the formation of the institutional basis for the integration of government and business structures based on information technology. Practical value. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the development of scientific and applied recommendations for combating cybercrime in the work of law enforcement agencies. Key words: digital economy, digital technologies, digitalization, cyber security, cybercrime, cyber threats, cyberspace, information and communication technologies.
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Woodward, Mary. "RESIDENTS’ AND RECENT GRADUATES’ PERSPECTIVES ON SIMULATION TRAINING IN NEONATAL RESUSCITATION COMPETENCY ACQUISITION." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e50-e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.128.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Simulation training has been incorporated into Canadian residency programs in order to teach both the technical and behavioral skills of resuscitation. Current literature speaks to ‘improvement’ in skills following a simulation encounter. Residents’ perspectives on competency acquisition through simulation training have not been previously reported. OBJECTIVES To explore the perspectives of residents and recent graduates on simulation as an educational modality for competency acquisition in neonatal resuscitation DESIGN/METHODS This project employed an interpretive design qualitative methodology, using an a priori educational theory incorporating the principles of social cognitive theory, deliberate practice, distributive practice, and ‘choke phenomenon’. Semi structured focus groups of residents and paediatricians were used for data collection. Interpretive analysis in the style of Crabtree and Miller was employed. Data validity was optimized through member checking and triangulation of themes across investigators. Validity criteria as described by Lincoln and Guba were applied. Institutional ethics board approval was obtained. RESULTS Participants recognized the important role of simulation which allowed for a safe space to practice in order to become familiar with the algorithm and the equipment of resuscitation. Strengths associated with simulation training included: teaching geared toward the junior learner on the team, the opportunity to build and consolidate learning, and ideal preparation for examinations. In particular, given the current limited neonatal clinical exposure (constraints of reduced workload and hours), simulation was often seen as the trainee’s only opportunity for leading resuscitation. However, both groups of participants highlighted that for neonatal resuscitation the technology was less important than the scenario itself, i.e. ‘high fidelity is not the doll, it’s the stress of the situation’. They identified a lack of the ‘fear’ element in simulated scenarios, with a controlled comfortable environment, artificial ‘time component’, and ‘hypothetical resolution’ of every scenario. Finally, participants identified another potential pitfall of simulation which led to overconfidence and a false sense of expertise that cannot be translated to the ‘real baby’. CONCLUSION Participants perceived simulation to be a useful training modality for aspects of competency acquisition in neonatal resuscitation but highlighted a number of challenges and gaps toward preparedness for practice. In the development of future curricula in competency based training models, educators should consider in the design, graduated levels of simulation aimed toward transition to practice.
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Zipfel, Jonathan. "Ultrasound-Guided Intermediate Site Greater Occipital Nerve Infiltration: A Technical Feasibility Study." Pain Physician 7;19, no. 7;9 (September 14, 2016): E1027—E1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2016.19.e1027.
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Background: Two studies recently reported that computed tomography (CT) guided infiltration of the greater occipital nerve at its intermediate site allows a high efficacy rate with long-lasting pain relief following procedure in occipital neuralgia and in various craniofacial pain syndromes. Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided intermediate site greater occipital nerve infiltration. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: This study was conducted at the imaging department of a 1,409 bed university hospital. Methods: Local institutional review board approval was obtained and written consent was waived. In this retrospective study, 12 patients suffering from refractory occipital neuralgia or craniofacial pain syndromes were included between April and October 2014. They underwent a total of 21 ultrasound-guided infiltrations. Infiltration of the greater occipital nerve was performed at the intermediate site of the greater occipital nerve, at its first bend between obliqus capitis inferior and semispinalis capitis muscles with local anestetics and cortivazol. Technical success was defined as satisfactory diffusion of added iodinated contrast media in the fatty space between these muscles depicted on control CT scan. We also reported first data of immediate block test efficacy and initial clinical efficacy at 7 days, one month, and 3 months, defined by a decrease of at least 50% of visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Results: Technical success rate was 95.24%. Patients suffered from right unilateral occipital neuralgia in 3 cases, left unilateral occipital neuralgia in 2 cases, bilateral occipital neuralgia in 2 cases, migraine in one case, cervicogenic headache in one case, tension-type headache in 2 cases, and cluster headache in one case. Block test efficacy was found in 93.3% (14/15) cases. Clinical efficacy was found in 80% of cases at 7 days, in 66.7% of cases at one month and in 60% of cases at 3 months. No major complications were noted. Limitations: Some of the limitations of our study include that it represents a single institution. The low number of infiltrations included in this study, for this guidance procedure, is another bias. Conclusions: This ultrasound-guided infiltration technique appears to be feasible, safe, nonionizing, and fast when targeting the greater occipital nerve in its intermediate portion. This imaging guidance modality should be used in routine clinical practice. Key words: Greater occipital nerve, infiltration, ultrasound guidance, corticosteroids, occipital neuralgia, craniofacial pain syndrome
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Quon, Jennifer L., Lily H. Kim, Peter H. Hwang, Zara M. Patel, Gerald A. Grant, Samuel H. Cheshier, and Michael S. B. Edwards. "Transnasal endoscopic approach for pediatric skull base lesions: a case series." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 24, no. 3 (September 2019): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.4.peds18693.
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OBJECTIVETransnasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches constitute an essential technique for the resection of skull base tumors in adults. However, in the pediatric population, sellar and suprasellar lesions have historically been treated by craniotomy. Transnasal endoscopic approaches are less invasive and thus may be preferable to craniotomy, especially in children. In this case series, the authors present their institutional experience with transnasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches for pediatric skull base tumors.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years) who had undergone transnasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches for either biopsy or resection of sellar or suprasellar lesions between 2007 and 2016. All operations were performed jointly by a team of pediatric neurosurgeons and skull base otolaryngologists, except for 8 cases performed by one neurosurgeon.RESULTSThe series included 42 patients between 4 and 18 years old (average 12.5 years) who underwent 51 operations. Headache (45%), visual symptoms (69%), and symptoms related to hormonal abnormalities (71%) were the predominant presenting symptoms. Improvement in preoperative symptoms was seen in 92% of cases. Most patients had craniopharyngiomas (n = 16), followed by pituitary adenomas (n = 12), Rathke cleft cysts (n = 4), germinomas (n = 4), chordomas (n = 2), and other lesion subtypes (n = 4). Lesions ranged from 0.3 to 6.2 cm (median 2.5 cm) in their greatest dimension. Gross-total resection was primarily performed (63% of cases), with 5 subsequent recurrences. Nasoseptal flaps were used in 47% of cases, fat grafts in 37%, and lumbar drains in 47%. CSF space was entered intraoperatively in 15 cases, and postoperative CSF was observed only in lesions with suprasellar extension. There were 8 cases of new hormonal deficits and 3 cases of new cranial nerve deficits. Length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 61 days (median 5 days). Patients were clinically followed up for a median of 46 months (range 1–120 months), accompanied by a median radiological follow-up period of 45 months (range 3.8–120 months). Most patients (76%) were offered adjuvant therapy.CONCLUSIONSIn this single-institution report of the transnasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, the authors demonstrated that this technique is generally safe and effective for different types of pediatric skull base lesions. Favorable effects of surgery were sustained during a follow-up period of 4 years. Further refinement in technology will allow for more widespread use in the pediatric population.
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Thiers, Barbara, Roslyn Rivas, and Elizabeth Kiernan. "Using Data From Index Herbariorum to Assess Threats to the World’s Herbaria." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26440.
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During the past few years, natural disasters, political or social unrest and institutional actions have imperiled herbaria. The question has been raised multiple times whether or not the data gathered about herbaria in Index Herbariorum could be used to predict which herbaria are at the greatest risk. Armed with such knowledge curators and the greater collections community might be in a better position to safeguard those herbaria. To explore the feasibility of using Index Herbariorum data in this way, we have identified a set of specific threats and then scored herbaria according to their susceptibility to those threats. These threats fall into two categories: Physical and Administrative. Physical threats are those that could lead to loss of collections through outright destruction due to catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake, flood) or loss of the protective controls (e.g., air conditioning, building security) that ensure a safe collections environment. Determination of these threats is based on location. Administrative threats involve decisions made by the governing body to remove staff support, appropriate space or climate control measures for the collection. Physical threats were determined using GIS to plot the location of all herbaria, and then overlaying these with map layers indicating current earthquakes, floods, cyclones and landslides and potential future threats (sea level rise and civil unrest). We deduced Administrative threats from Index Herbariorum data elements. These include the status of the herbarium (active or inactive), whether or not the Index Herbariorum entry for an institution has been updated in the past 10 years, whether or not the herbarium has a designated curator, the ratio of staff to specimens, and whether or not the collection has been digitized. Each threat was assessed as absent or present, and assigned a value of 0 or 1 accordingly. Using this method, less than 4% face no identified threats; 65% face one to three threats and 35% face five or more threats. The criteria used in this study cannot alone predict the future security of a collection, or the lack thereof. The reasons for the loss of a collection are usually more complicated than Index Herbariorum data can convey. However, the large proportion of herbaria that face multiple threats suggests that all herbaria should be aware of the risk factors for their collection, perhaps conducting a self-evaluation using the criteria presented here or others, and where possible should incorporate responses to those threats into their strategic and disaster preparedness plans.