Academic literature on the topic 'Institutional investments – Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Institutional investments – Australia"
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Khan, S., T. Rana, and Munir A. Hanjra. "A whole-of-the-catchment water accounting framework to facilitate public–private investments: an example from Australia." Water Policy 12, no. 3 (November 9, 2009): 336–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.027.
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Often, information on spatial water use efficiencies in a whole-of-the-catchment context does not exist or does not feed into the water policy process to guide investments. Significant gains in water use efficiency are achievable but the water savings are often assumed rather than identified systematically. This paper used a whole-of-the-catchment water accounting framework to identify the main pathways to enhance water use efficiency, taking the Murrumbidgee catchment in the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia as an example. The results show that large amounts of water remain unaccounted for in the river system account; the true water losses occur in the nearfarm and onfarm zones, most of which can be saved cost effectively. The catchment water accounting procedure thus offers a useful framework for bringing unaccounted/lost water flows into human and environmental uses, for enhancing water use efficiency, for targeting investments to the water system components with the largest potential gains in efficiency, and for garnering private sector investments to realize true water savings. The pro-investment technical and institutional, as well as governance and policy, interventions to revamp private sector participation in water infrastructure are articulated.
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Reddy, Wejendra, David Higgins, and Ron Wakefield. "An investigation of property-related decision practice of Australian fund managers." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 282–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-02-2014-0014.
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Purpose – In Australia, the A$2.2 trillion managed funds industry including the large pension funds (known locally as superannuation funds) are the dominant institutional property investors. While statistical information on the level of Australian managed fund investments in property assets is widely available, comprehensive practical evidence on property asset allocation decision-making process is underdeveloped. The purpose of this research is to identify Australian fund manager's property asset allocation strategies and decision-making frameworks at strategic level. Design/methodology/approach – The research was undertaken in May-August 2011 using an in-depth semi-structured questionnaire administered by mail. The survey was targeted at 130 leading managed funds and asset consultants within Australia. Findings – The evaluation of the 79 survey respondents indicated that Australian fund manager's property allocation decision-making process is an interactive, sequential and continuous process involving multiple decision-makers (internal and external) complete with feedback loops. It involves a combination of quantitative analysis (mainly mean-variance analysis) and qualitative overlay (mainly judgement, or “gut-feeling”, and experience). In addition, the research provided evidence that the property allocation decision-making process varies depending on the size and type of managed fund. Practical implications – This research makes important contributions to both practical and academic fields. Information on strategic property allocation models and variables is not widely available, and there is little guiding theory related to the subject. Therefore, the conceptual frameworks developed from the research will help enhance academic theory and understanding in the area of property allocation decision making. Furthermore, the research provides small fund managers and industry practitioners with a platform from which to improve their own property allocation processes. Originality/value – In contrast to previous property decision-making research in Australia which has mainly focused on strategies at the property fund investment level, this research investigates the institutional property allocation decision-making process from a strategic position involving all major groups in the Australian managed funds industry.
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Baer, Hans A., and Arnaud Gallois. "How Committed Are Australian Universities to Environmental Sustainability? A Perspective on and from the University of Melbourne." Critical Sociology 44, no. 2 (November 27, 2016): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920516680857.
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Drawing upon our experiences at the University of Melbourne, we examine the issue of how environmentally sustainable that university and other Australian universities are in an era increasingly impacted by anthropogenic climate change. We argue that while indeed the University of Melbourne has embarked upon a variety of activities and programs that exhibit some commitment to the notion of environmental sustainability, it continues to engage in practices that are not sustainable, the most glaring of which is ongoing investments in fossil fuels. We argue that, like other universities in Australia and around the world, it needs to not only financially divest from environmentally damaging practices but review some of the fundamental institutional logics that universities have adopted since industrialization, and more intensively since the burgeoning of the combined forces of globalization and neoliberalism under which governments have reduced financial support for universities.
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Laurence, Jennifer, and David McCallum. "On Innocence Lost: How Children Are Made Dangerous." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 7, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v7i4.930.
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This article explores continuities of despotism within liberal governance. It introduces recent government investments in the need to protect children from institutional and organisational abuse in the context of which loss of innocence is conceptualised as a moment in a biography, following exposure to violence. The article contrasts those investments with contemporaneous claims by the state that as other-than-innocent, certain children in its care are legitimately exempted from moral-ethical norms embedded elsewhere in the logic of governing childhood proper. The article turns to historical understandings of the welfare of children in the state of Victoria, Australia, to explore the conditions and the means by which children in state care came to be figured as other-than-innocent exceptions, rightly exposed to forms of authoritarian violence. Loss of innocence is explored as an enduring achievement of government in the context of aspirations to do with population, territory and national security.
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Makarenko, І. О., A. S. Vorontsova, Yu V. Yelnikovа, and A. S. Lasukova. "Bibliometric analysis of research on responsible investment." Problems of Theory and Methodology of Accounting, Control and Analysis, no. 1(48) (May 11, 2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/pbo-2021-1(48)-70-76.
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The formation of the concept of responsible investment involves a change in the basic understanding of the investment process, which requires consideration of the possible consequences of such actions for the planet, society and economy. In this regard, it is important to provide a thorough methodological basis that will be the groundwork for the dissemination of this concept and its scientific foundation. The purpose of this work is to conduct a quantitative bibliometric analysis of research on responsible investing. The scientometric international databases Web of Science from Clarivate Analytics and Scopus from Elsevier and their built-in tools were used for this purpose. The time period of the study was 1990 – March 2021, the main search query – «responsible investment». Quantitative analysis of scientific publications in selected databases was conducted by time, geographical and subject search, analysis of organizations that fund research on this topic and the most cited works. The results show a growing trend of research on responsible investment in the world, with an increase in recent years, and a predominance of research by scientists from English-speaking countries (UK, United States, Australia, Canada) and European countries (Spain, France, Germany, etc.). Research is mainly funded by the European Commission and other Japanese and European organizations. The analysis of subject areas in the study of responsible investing revealed the presence of both managerial and economic, as well as social and environmental issues. The analysis of the most cited works in the scientometric databases Scopus and WoS revealed the popularity of socially responsible investments in the context of institutional, behavioral and functional aspects, as well as their connection with corporate social responsibility.
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Li, Wei, and Hans Hendrischke. "Chinese Outbound Investment in Australia: From State Control to Entrepreneurship." China Quarterly 243 (October 22, 2019): 701–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019001243.
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AbstractThis article contributes to our understanding of Chinese corporate expansion into developed economies by using Australia as a case study of how, in the 2010s, Chinese firms began transiting from government-driven resource investment to entrepreneurial expansion in new industries and markets. We contextualize this process by demonstrating how changing market demand and institutional evolutions at home and in the host country created new motivations for Chinese investors. In particular, the decline of active government control in China over the overseas operations of Chinese firms and the more business-oriented regulatory regime in Australia empowered local subsidiaries of Chinese firms to become more entrepreneurial and explorative in their attempts to compensate for their lack of competitiveness and weak organizational capabilities. Consequently, Chinese firms brought their domestic experience and modus operandi to the Australian host market and collectively adapted and deployed dynamic capabilities such as the use of network linkages, experiential learning and corporate reconfiguration. We find that this transfer of capabilities was facilitated by the co-evolution of the Chinese and Australian institutional and market environments and has maintained Australia's position as one of the major recipient countries of Chinese outbound investment, opening the Australian economy to ongoing expansion and disruption.
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Broom, Alex, Rhiannon Bree Parker, Emma Kirby, Renata Kokanović, Lisa Woodland, Zarnie Lwin, and Eng-Siew Koh. "A qualitative study of cancer care professionals’ experiences of working with migrant patients from diverse cultural backgrounds." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e025956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025956.
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ObjectivesTo improve the experiences of people from diverse cultural backgrounds, there has been an increased emphasis on strengthening cultural awareness and competence in healthcare contexts. The aim of this focus-group based study was to explore how professionals in cancer care experience their encounters with migrant cancer patients with a focus on how they work with cultural diversity in their everyday practice, and the personal, interpersonal and institutional dimensions therein.DesignThis paper draws on qualitative data from eight focus groups held in three local health districts in major metropolitan areas of Australia. Participants were health professionals (n=57) working with migrants in cancer care, including multicultural community workers, allied health workers, doctors and nurses. Focus group discussions were audio recorded and transcribed in full. Data were analysed using the framework approach and supported by NVivo V.11 qualitative data analysis software.ResultsFour findings were derived from the analysis: (1) culture as merely one aspect of complex personhood; (2) managing culture at the intersection of institutional, professional and personal values; (3) balancing professional values with patient values and beliefs, and building trust and respect; and (4) the importance of time and everyday relations for generating understanding and intimacy, and for achieving culturally competent care.ConclusionsThe findings reveal: how culture is often misconstrued as manageable in isolation; the importance of a renewed emphasis on culture as interpersonalandinstitutional in character; and the importance of prioritising the development of quality relationships requiring additional time and resource investments in migrant patients for enacting effective intercultural care.
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Castellas, Erin I.-Ping, Jarrod Ormiston, and Suzanne Findlay. "Financing social entrepreneurship." Social Enterprise Journal 14, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 130–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-02-2017-0006.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the emergence and nature of impact investment in Australia and how it is shaping the development of the social enterprise sector. Design/methodology/approach Impact investment is an emerging approach to financing social enterprises that aims to achieve blended value by delivering both impact and financial returns. In seeking to deliver blended value, impact investment combines potentially conflicted logics from investment, philanthropy and government spending. This paper utilizes institutional theory as a lens to understand the nature of these competing logics in impact investment. The paper adopts a sequential exploratory mixed methods approach to study the emergence of impact investment in Australia. The mixed methods include 18 qualitative interviews with impact investors in the Australian market and a subsequent online questionnaire on characteristics of impact investment products, activity and performance. Findings The findings provide empirical evidence of the rapid growth in impact investment in Australia. The analysis reveals the nature of institutional complexity in impact investment and highlights the risk that the impact logic may become overshadowed by the investment logic if the difference in rigor around financial performance measurement and impact performance measurement is maintained. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for the development of the Australian social enterprise sector. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence on the emergence of impact investment in Australia and contributes to a growing global body of evidence about the nature, size and characteristics of impact investment.
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Rytkönen, Eelis, Christopher Heywood, and Suvi Nenonen. "Campus management process dynamics – Finnish and Australian practices." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 19, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-02-2016-0007.
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Purpose This paper aims to outline campus management process dynamics that are affected by glocalization, changing funding structures and digitalization, and answer: How do glocalization, changing funding structures and digitalization challenge university campus management? and What implications do the challenges have on campus management processes? Design/methodology/approach Literature overview discusses how glocalization, changing funding structures and digitalization affect campus management. Empirical part explores how these forces affect management processes through 36 interviews on multiple embedded cases in the main campuses of Aalto University in Finland and the University of Melbourne in Australia. Findings Major challenges include future foresight, institutional sharing, economical paucity and functional flexibility. Heterogeneous user behaviors challenge absolute spatial measures as bases for designing learning and working environments. Finding a balance between long-haul portfolio maintenance for the university and future users and short-haul flexible pilots for the current user communities is crucial. Research limitations/implications The results derive from interviews of 36 campus management professionals from two campus management organizations limiting the validity and the reliability of the study. Further studies should be conducted by replicating the study in another context, by interviewing end users and clients and by investigating case investments and impacts over time. Practical implications Campus managers can answer the challenges through practical applications such as big data collection and sharing in physical environments, integrated service provision to thematic communities, cross-pollination of user communities and open access to information and infrastructure services. Originality/value This paper provides insights and tools to strategic alignment by comparing campus management of two fundamentally different systems in the context of higher education and on-going digitalization.
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Given, Jock. "A 50/50 Proposition: Public-Private Partnerships in Australian Communications." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900111.
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The Australian government's proposed public–private broadband partnership is the latest dramatisation of the constantly shifting roles of the private and public sectors in communications. Over the last century and a half, the sector has been a steady source of new institutional models around the world. This article examines the experience of Australia's main wireless company, AWA, as a private–public partnership for nearly 30 years. Reconstructed as a joint enterprise in 1922 to establish direct wireless telegraph services between Australia and Britain and North America, AWA remained co-owned by the Commonwealth and private shareholders until 1951. Several features of this experience seem relevant to the proposed national broadband partnership: the level of political support for the structure; the implications of changes in the use of wireless technology over the life of the investment; the management of market power; financial performance; and the duration of the arrangement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Institutional investments – Australia"
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Nadarajah, Prashanthi Banking & Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "Top management turnover: an empirical examination of changes in portfolio holdings and investment performance." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Banking and Finance, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19356.
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This thesis presents two research projects examining the relationship between top management turnover (i.e. investment directors of funds management firms) and the performance of actively managed Australian institutional funds. Khorana (1996, 2001) studies this relationship from purely a performance perspective using U.S. managed funds. This thesis extends the work of Khorana (1996, 2001) by providing investors and other stakeholders with empirical evidence on performance, sources of performance and the dynamics of portfolios in the pre-and-post replacement periods. This issue is significant given the importance of executive management in the implementation of the institution's investment strategy, the sizeable assets under their control, as well as the overall success and profitability of the funds management operation. In addition, investors, asset consultants, managed fund ratings agencies and the financial media devote significant resources in scrutinizing the performance, organizational activities, leadership and human capital of investment management firms. Accordingly, the first research project examines the impact of performance and fund flow activity on top management turnover in both the pre-and-post replacement periods. The research documents that turnover of underperforming investment managers results in significantly higher performance in the post-replacement period, while turnover coinciding with outperforming managers delivers investors significantly lower returns (risk-adjusted). The evidence also identifies significant changes in portfolio risk associated with managerial turnover. Finally, the study finds that underperforming investment managers exhibit significantly lower fund flows prior to replacement. The second research project represents the first rigorous analysis of top management turnover with respect to monthly portfolio holdings for a sample of actively managed Australian equity funds. An examination of the dynamics of portfolios surrounding both the departure and the arrival dates of investment managers provides a finer decomposition in understanding investment performance, the sources of value added and the extent to which momentum strategies are executed both pre-and-post the turnover event. Accordingly, the study examines a manager's success or failure depending on 'winner' and 'loser' stock holdings, portfolio turnover, reliance on momentum strategies, variation in portfolio risk, stock preferences and fund flows for underperforming versus outperforming investment directors in the pre-and-post replacement periods. The research also documents that new investment managers of previously underperforming portfolios exhibit superior stock-selections skills in the post-replacement period, therefore reversing the portfolio's previously poor performance. The study finds that new investment managers liquidate 'loser' stocks (i.e. cleaning out the portfolio) as well as decreasing the portfolio's concentration (i.e. increases the portfolio's diversification and lowering tracking error). The results also indicate that underperforming investment managers in the pre-replacement period exhibit a preference for larger stocks (i.e. more liquid stocks with greater relative benchmark weights in the index), growth-oriented securities and a preference towards riding past period winners (i.e. following momentum strategies), however they are unable to successfully select and exploit momentum stocks. On the other hand, incoming managers of underperforming portfolios in the pre-replacement period do not show any particular stock size preference. The study also shows these managers prefer growth stocks, do not rely on momentum strategies, and yet still display superior returns in the post-replacement period. The study also documents that new investment managers of previously outperforming portfolios are unable to replicate the performance of the previous head of equities. In terms of stock preferences related to superior performing portfolios, the results show that departing investment managers prefer larger stocks and select stocks based on momentum strategies. On the other hand, incoming investment managers have a greater preference for smaller stocks, are less reliant on momentum strategies and prefer more volatile securities, however, these strategies do not provide superior returns relative to the pre-replacement period.
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Schuck, Edward John. "The investment risk of institutional-grade commercial real estate in Australia." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3151210.
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Knowledge of the investment risk of investment-grade commercial real estate (‘ICRE’) is important because it determines the approaches which should be taken to portfolio management. However, relatively little is known about this risk. This research expands the body of knowledge of ICRE investment risk by producing conclusions about the information content of prices and the distribution of returns in the ICRE context. It is broken into three main parts. First, the ICRE returns-generating process is characterised to form a basis for deducing theoretical conclusions about the information content of prices and the stochastic attributes of returns. The rationale for this approach lies in capital markets literature, which demonstrates that the characteristics of the information structure of markets, the decision-making processes of investors and the market trading mechanism determine the main attributes of the process of price evolution (which is assumed to be the main driver of returns). The analysis concludes that ICRE prices are partially informed, and changes in prices are described by a ‘jump’ process. Second, analysis of a database of ‘large’ price changes supplied by the Property Council of Australia is undertaken to empirically test the jump process hypothesis. This analysis provides evidence that natural events associated with changes in the leasing structure of properties are a primary driver of relatively large, infrequent dislocations in valuation-based prices. With parts one and two as a backdrop, the third part of this research empirically tests a discrete mixture of normals (‘DMON’) model of investment risk. Capital markets research shows that a DMON model flows naturally from jump price processes. DMON models fitted to cross-sectional returns on individual properties supplied by the PCA are found to be superior to the normal and stable Paretian models previously proposed by other researchers. In aggregate these conclusions have serious implications for the management of ICRE portfolios, and suggest a need for additional research. Some implications include: (1) Mean-lower partial variance is superior to mean-variance optimisation. (2) Forecasting the distribution of ICRE returns forms a new tool for active management. (3) Passive portfolio management is inappropriate. (4) Comparables-based valuations may be unreliable for investment decisions.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
Books on the topic "Institutional investments – Australia"
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Argy, Fred. Short-termism in Australia: Is it a problem? : background issues paper for CEDA conference "Planning Australia's future : looking beyond the short term", Melbourne, 11 December 1995. [Australia]: Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 1995.
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Institutional shareholders and corporate governance. Oxford, U.K: Clarendon Press, 1996.
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Ziccardi Capaldo, Giuliana, ed. The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2018. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072506.001.0001.
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The 2018 edition of The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence both updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute settlement procedures. The contents of this part have been enriched with the inclusion of a new section devoted to the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the oldest global institution for the settlement of international disputes. This edition contains original research articles on the development and analysis of the concept of global law and the views of the global law theorists such as: whether the Paris Declaration of 2017 and the Oslo Recommendation of 2018 deals with enhancing their institutions’ legitimacy; how to reconcile human rights, trade law, intellectual property, investment and health law with the WTO dispute settlement panel upholding Australia’s tobacco plain packaging measure; Israel’s acceptance of Palestinian statehood contingent upon prior Palestinian “demilitarization” is potentially contrary to pertinent international law; and a proposal to strengthen cooperation between the ECJ and National Courts in light of the failure of the dialogue between the ECJ and the Italian Constitutional Court on the interpretation of Article 325 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European union. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals.
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Williams, S. C. Gender. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0020.
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Ministerial training throughout the nineteenth century was dogged by persistent uncertainties about what Dissenters wanted ministers to do: were they to be preachers or scholars, settled pastors or roving missionaries? Sects and denominations such as the Baptists and Congregationalists invested heavily in the professionalization of ministry, founding, building, and expanding ministerial training colleges whose pompous architecture often expressed their cultural ambitions. That was especially true for the Methodists who had often been wary of a learned ministry, while Presbyterians who had always nursed such a status built an impressive international network of colleges, centred on Princeton Seminary. Among both Methodists and Presbyterians, such institution building could be both bedevilled and eventually stimulated by secessions. Colleges were heavily implicated not just in the supply of domestic ministers but also in foreign mission. Even exceptions to this pattern such as the Quakers who claimed not to have dedicated ministers were tacitly professionalizing training by the end of the century. However, the investment in institutions did not prevent protracted disputes over how academic their training should be. Many very successful Dissenting entrepreneurs, such as Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Thomas Champness, William Booth, and Adoniram Judson Gordon, offered unpretentious vocational training, while in colonies such as Australia there were complaints from Congregationalists and others that the colleges were too high-flying for their requirements. The need to offer a liberal education, which came to include science, as well as systematic theological instruction put strain on the resources of the colleges, a strain that many resolved by farming out the former to secular universities. Many of the controversies generated by theological change among Dissenters centred on colleges because they were disputes about the teaching of biblical criticism and how to resolve the tension between free inquiry and the responsibilities of tutors and students to the wider denomination. Colleges were ill-equipped to accommodate theological change because their heads insisted that theology was a static discipline, central to which was the simple exegesis of Scripture. That generated tensions with their students and caused numerous teachers to be edged out of colleges for heresy, most notoriously Samuel Davidson from Lancashire Independent College and William Robertson Smith from the Aberdeen Free Church College. Nevertheless, even conservatives such as Moses Stuart at Andover had emphasized the importance of keeping one’s exegetical tools up to date, and it became progressively easier in most denominations for college teachers to enjoy intellectual liberty, much as Unitarians had always done. Yet the victory of free inquiry was never complete and pyrrhic in any event as from the end of the century the colleges could not arrest a slow decline in the morale and prospects of Dissenting ministers.
Book chapters on the topic "Institutional investments – Australia"
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Lee, Chyi Lin, Graeme Newell, and Valarie Kupke. "Australian Institutional Investors and Residential Investment Vehicles." In Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, 709–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0855-9_62.
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Luckman, Susan, and Jane Andrew. "Educating for Enterprise." In Creative Working Lives, 65–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44979-7_3.
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AbstractThis chapter will provide a necessarily brief historical overview of the models of training available to support skills development for the applied arts in Australia, from colonial cottage industries to the educational experiences of the contemporary craftspeople and designer makers who participated in this study. In doing so, it will highlight significant contemporary Australian federal and state government political and economic policy agendas that have directly and indirectly influenced changes to the nature, form and institutional investment in education supporting the development of contemporary Australian makers. The second half of this chapter reports on the research participants’ educational experiences and sense of how well prepared they were upon graduating to establish and sustain a viable creative enterprise.
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Karamujic, Muharem H. "Major Reasons for an Increase in the Number of Institutions Offering Home Loan Products and in the Number of Home Loan Products Offered in the Australian Home Loan Market." In Housing Affordability and Housing Investment Opportunity in Australia, 46–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137517937_3.
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Young, Suzanne. "Responsible investment, ESG, and institutional investors in Australia." In Institutional Investors’ Power to Change Corporate Behavior: International Perspectives, 61–80. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s2043-9059(2013)0000005011.
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Brand, David G. "Attracting Institutional Investment into the Australian Forestry Sector." In Green Trading Markets, 151–58. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044695-0/50016-1.
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McLean, Ian W. "The Shifting Bases of Prosperity." In Why Australia Prospered. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154671.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses how there are two recurring central themes when reflecting on why Australia was, and remains, so rich. First, the interactions between the principal determinants of growth have been more important to the outcomes than the role of any one factor—such as investment, institutions, or resources. Second, it is precisely due to the shifting basis of its prosperity that Australia has managed to sustain its status as a rich economy over so long a period and despite numerous negative shocks. Within the resources sector, the shifts have been between farming and mining; as well as among a range of foodstuffs, fibers, minerals, and energy sources. And for part of the twentieth century, when commodity-based prosperity proved elusive, manufacturing played a supporting role.
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Baird, Melissa F. "Landscapes of Extraction." In Critical Theory and the Anthropology of Heritage Landscapes. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056562.003.0006.
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This chapter presents ongoing research on the resource frontiers of Western Australia. Resource frontiers conceptually mark the space of enactment around people and resources, and engender revitalization and renewal as much as inequality, exploitation, and displacement. As spaces of connection, frontiers engage action: investment, extraction, negotiation, development, and divestment. They have engendered new paths and access to resources, and repositioned stakeholders as key negotiators in courts, public forums, and cultural heritage initiatives. This chapter asks: how have notions of landscapes come to be redefined in this process? Drawing from research along the Pilbara Coast of Western Australia, the chapter examines how this region represents a true resource frontier, with infrastructure (physical, political, and social) being built to support Australia’s expanding extractive operations. It shows how industry is mobilizing the language of heritage, Indigenous rights, and sustainability in their conceptions of heritage and through their corporate and social responsibility campaigns. The chapter argues that it is urgent to clarify the competing claims and trace the varied agendas of global institutions, corporations, the nation-state, and stakeholders. It examines how corporate conceptions of heritage intersect with ideas and issues surrounding land and access, indigeneity, sustainable development, and the rights of Indigenous peoples.
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Kitchin, Rob. "Management Through Metrics." In Data Lives, 143–52. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215144.003.0018.
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This chapter studies how public and private sector organizations are increasingly using key performance indicators (KPIs) and technocratic procedures to manage work and workers and its consequences. Since the 1980s and the introduction of new public management (NPM) — an approach to running public sector institutions in a more business-like way — various kinds of assessment have been introduced to measure and track performance. Usually, these measures are institutionalized through formalized assessment schemes designed to improve efficiency, productivity, and quality. An entire bureaucracy has developed to oversee this datafication, and the management of institutions has transformed to become more instrumental and technocratic, guided by metrics. Decisions concerning individual promotion, departmental staffing and budgets, and strategic investments are informed by KPIs and rankings. In places like the UK and Australia, management through metrics has become deeply ingrained into the working lives of academics and the management of institutions. While Ireland has managed to avoid the worst excesses of management through metrics, it has not been totally immune. KPIs are now a part of the management regime and are used to guide decision-making, but they are used alongside other forms of information rather than narrowly determining outcomes.