Journal articles on the topic 'Institutional environment quality'
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KUNČIČ, ALJAŽ. "Institutional quality dataset." Journal of Institutional Economics 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137413000192.
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AbstractIn this paper, we emphasize the role of institutions as the underlying basis for economic and social activity. We describe and compare different institutional classification systems, which is rarely done in the literature, and show how to empirically operationalize institutional concepts. More than 30 established institutional indicators can be clustered into three homogeneous groups of formal institutions: legal, political and economic, which capture to a large extent the complete formal institutional environment of a country. We compute the latent quality of legal, political and economic institutions for every country in the world and for every year. On this basis, we propose a legal, political and economic World Institutional Quality Ranking, through which we can follow whether a country is improving or worsening its relative institutional environment. The calculated latent institutional quality measures can be especially useful in further panel data applications and add to the usual practice of using simply one or another index of institutional quality to capture the institutional environment. We make the Institutional Quality Dataset, covering up to 197 countries and territories from 1990 to 2010, freely available online.
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A, Hudáková. "Seniors and Their Quality of Life." Nursing & Healthcare International Journal 5, no. 3 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nhij-16000241.
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Aim: We aimed to find out whether the quality of life of seniors is higher in either home or institutional environment. Methods: We ́d realized the on the sample of 128 seniors living in institutional and home environment. We studied their quality of life via structured questionnaire WHOQL - BREF. Results: The achieved results show correlation between satisfaction with the health and perception of quality of life. We found that in the domain of physical health (presence of pain, degree of mobility, fatigue, loss of energy, the ability to do work, self-reliance, the need for frequent medical attention) the final domain score was 16.63 at home and 16.37 in the institutional environment (on a scale of 4-20). The scores found in our research are lowered compared with population norms. Quality of life of elderly living in their homes was 14.8 ± 10 and in the institutional environment it was 12.8 ± 11.09. The respondents from home environment reported better quality of life than respondents in the institutional environment. Conclusion: The support of quality of life should be one of the basic aims of nursing care. Nurses should make early identification of negative factors affecting quality of life and eliminate them by suitable nursing interventions.
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Wu, Feifei, and Xinyu Yan. "Institutional Quality and Sustainable Development of Industries’ Exports: Evidence from China." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 4173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114173.
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The knowledge about the relations between domestic institutional quality and the sustainable development of exports in emerging markets remains limited, since most research into the relations between the institutional environment and the sustainable development of exports has been conducted in developed market economies, especially in those of North America and Europe. With dynamic changes in the institutional environment of emerging countries over the years, this paper provides a novel perspective for investigating the relations above. This is the first paper to investigate the impact of institutional quality on the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries from a comprehensive perspective of multiple institutional environments and multi-dimensional industries’ heterogeneity. On the basis of defining institutional quality and industry heterogeneity, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of institutional quality affecting sustainable development of industries’ exports and conducts empirical analyses by using the data from China’s 20 industries’ exports to 117 countries for the period of 1996–2011. The results show that: (a) Industries with higher degrees of financial dependence or higher product technical complexities have export comparative advantages in better financial environments; (b) Industries with higher research and development (R&D) intensity or a higher concentration of intermediate inputs have export comparative advantages in better legal environments; (c) The differences in the level of financial development or in the efficiency of legal system would influence the effects of interactions between institutional quality and industry heterogeneity on the sustainable development of industries’ exports. The present paper provides new evidence that institutional quality does promote the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries. These results indicate that exports of heterogeneous industries in emerging economies are an adaptive response to the specific institutional environment, as well as a continuous release of institutional dividends with the improvement of the institutional environment.
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Faruq, Hasan A., and Ashley C. Taylor. "Quality of Education, Economic Performance and Institutional Environment." International Advances in Economic Research 17, no. 2 (April 17, 2011): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-011-9293-4.
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Stryzhak, Olena. "Institutional System of Human Development and Institutional Environment: Relationship Features." SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019): 06049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196706049.
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The article considers the features of human development in the context of the concept of sustainable development. The need to study the institutional system of human development as regulated multilevel system of interconnected formal and informal institutions is justified. The relationship between the level of human development and the quality of the institutional environment is determined using the methods of correlation analysis. Analyse covers 214 countries and territories for 2017. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a strong direct interconnection between HDI and WGI. The correlation ranges from significant to very strong one. This gives grounds for conclusion that there is influence of the quality of institutional environment on the level of human development.
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Ariff, Akmalia M. "Governance and voluntary disclosure of intangibles." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 600–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c6art6.
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This paper examines the effect of governance on the quality of firms’ voluntary disclosure of intangibles. While disclosure of intangibles reduces information asymmetry, company-level managerial ownership and country-level institutional environment provide incentives that can affect the quality of disclosure. I use a comprehensive set of information about intangibles for disclosure, the aggregate percentage of ownership by directors for managerial ownership, and an index of legal institutions for institutional environments. Based on data from 430 East Asian firms, lower quality disclosure is evident for firms in stronger institutional environment regime. However, the quality of disclosure is not affected by managerial ownership or its joint-effect with institutional environment. The findings highlight the importance of voluntary disclosure about intangibles regardless of the influencing effect of governance mechanisms.
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Dybach, Inna. "Institutional aspects of educational quality management in higher educational establishments." Economics of Development 18, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ed.18(1).2019.04.
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Higher education in Ukraine, as one of the prerequisites for national security and competitiveness of the country, needs to be reformed, first of all in the context of improving the quality of educational services. Educational quality studies have confirmed that the educational system does not adequately address the needs of customers and those who receive education. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of the institutional provision of the quality management process of higher education. Methods of dialectical cognition, comparative analysis, content analysis and a comprehensive approach to the analysis of transformations in the field of higher education are used in this work. A prerequisite for ensuring the quality of higher education is the definition of the hypostasis of the relevant procedures, among which process, functional and evaluation are identified. It is established in the article that the institutional environment in the field of education is an ordered set of legally established norms and informal rules that determine the conditions for the functioning of institutions of higher education, structure the relationship between the subjects of the educational process and are formed within the educational system. The article deals with a wide network of organizations that form the institutional environment of the national higher education, which, according to the levels of government, are divided into international, national, regional and local. It is noted that state agencies for ensuring the quality of education have the largest share in the formation of the institutional environment of the educational sphere. This often leads to a conflict of interest of stakeholders, which can be solved by the introduction of the Institute of Independent Educational Auditors.
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Escaleras, Monica, and Eric P. Chiang. "Fiscal decentralization and institutional quality on the business environment." Economics Letters 159 (October 2017): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.07.019.
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Kamarudin, Khairul Anuar, Akmalia Mohamad Ariff, and Wan Adibah Wan Ismail. "Intensity of product market competition, institutional environment and accrual quality." Pacific Accounting Review 32, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 391–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-10-2018-0083.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of product market competition (PMC) and institutional environment on accrual quality. Design/methodology/approach The sample covers a large data set of 52,138 firm-year observations from 35 countries over the period of 2011-2015. Using the weighted least square regression, the study estimates PMC and institutional environment on accrual quality. The study measures PMC based on Herfindahl-Hirschman index, anti-director rights index (ADRI) based on the revised and updated La Porta et al.'s (1998) and accrual quality using the modified Dechow and Dichev (2002) model proposed by McNichols (2002). The study also uses a series of specification tests using alternative measures for each variable. Findings The study finds that highly intensified PMC relates to a lower quality of accruals. The results also show that accrual quality is better in countries with stronger institutional environment, specifically countries with higher ADRI, investor protection, judicial independence, protection of minority shareholders’ interests, protection of property rights, strength of the auditing and reporting standards, efficacy of corporate boards and corporate ethics. The findings suggest that institutional factors weaken the negative impact of PMC intensity on accrual quality, hence suggesting that institutional environment has a significant role to enhance accrual quality among firms in highly intensified industries. Practical implications The findings provide additional insights to policymakers and regulators on the importance of strong institutional and industry environment that can provide incentives and extra governance mechanisms besides the conventional firm-level corporate governance. Originality/value This study contributes in understanding the impact of intensity of PMC on accrual quality internationally and subsequently highlights the role of institutional environment as significant country-level governance in determining financial reporting quality, particularly accrual quality.
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Litzman, Marek, and Luděk Kouba. "How the Legal Environment Affects the Structure of Employment." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062005.
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The quality of the institutional environment is considered a crucial determinant of economic growth. Low quality of the formal institutional environment can slow down economic development via various mechanisms described in the literature. The present paper will analyse formal institutional factors leading to the structure of employment that Murphy, Shleifer and Vishny (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991) found to be associated with lower rate of economic growth. They assumed that a high proportion of lawyers in the country may be associated with slower economic development. Thus, the aim of the paper is to examine some of the parameters of institutional environment that can lead to such a distribution. Results show that quality of law measured by the World Bank (Doing Business database) and the Corruption Perception Index obtained from Transparency International may have some explanatory abilities regarding the structure of employment.
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Oplotnik, Tjaša. "Institutional Environment and Housing Conditions in the European Union." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, no. 3 (September 2, 2009): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/56.
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There is no housing policy at the level of the European Union. Therefore, it is the domain of national options. There are also big differences between individual Member States. Despite that, the basic feature of the housing policies has been privatisation in most European countries over the last twenty years. It means transferring the responsibility for housing provision from the state to the market and formation of financial networks within which an individual can provide his or her housing. In nearly all EU Member States, including Slovenia, a major volume of selective allocation of housing construction for the market and a higher level of housing quality are noticeable. The purpose of this paper is to present the housing policies and the housing market conditions in Slovenia, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden and Spain. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the selected countries, we tried to present characteristics, differences or similarities in the housing standard. They are reflected in the quality, availability and accessibility of the housing stock.
KEY WORDS: • housing market • housing policy • quality • availability • accessibility • housing stock • Slovenia • Great Britain • Germany • Sweden • Spain
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Nguyen, Canh Phuc, and Thanh Dinh Su. "Tourism, institutional quality, and environmental sustainability." Sustainable Production and Consumption 28 (October 2021): 786–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.07.005.
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Jang, Yongseok, Woo Jin Lee, and Brandy Hadley. "Interactive Effects of Business Environment Assessment and Institutional Programs on Opportunity Entrepreneurship." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135280.
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The study of the institutional characteristics that create favorable environments for opportunity entrepreneurship is critical. We seek to determine how government programs intended to support entrepreneurship impact how potential entrepreneurs view the business environment. We evaluate the effectiveness of institutional programs and the interactions between them and market optimism. We conduct a binomial regression to evaluate the probability of opportunity entrepreneurship, given the perceived quality of the business and regulatory environments. The results indicate that both have a significant influence, while the regulatory dimensions interact with the effects of the perceived quality of the business environment. We find that individuals who have optimism regarding entrepreneurship still seek assurance of a positive regulatory environment before they act. We find that those who consider it to contain promising entrepreneurship opportunities still seek a positive regulatory climate and supportive government programs before acting. Programs that create favorable financial access can encourage entrepreneurs attracted by financial returns. Similarly, favorable government programs that ensure expansion and growth may reinforce this financial optimism. Our study also adds to the literature on institutional economics, providing evidence that effective institutional factors require productive behaviors from individuals.
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Lisi, Domenico, Francesco Moscone, Elisa Tosetti, and Veronica Vinciotti. "Hospital quality interdependence in a competitive institutional environment: Evidence from Italy." Regional Science and Urban Economics 89 (July 2021): 103696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2021.103696.
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Durnev, Artem, Tiemei Li, and Michel Magnan. "Beyond Tax Avoidance: Offshore Firms’ Institutional Environment and Financial Reporting Quality*." Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 44, no. 5-6 (May 2017): 646–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12240.
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Issever Grochová, Ladislava. "Regulatory Quality and Sustainable Economic Development." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 6 (2014): 1301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462061301.
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Recently, an importance of often contradictory relationship between the environmental quality and economic performance has been discussed both at economic and political level. Whereas the quality of environment is an essential condition to simply survive and can be considered as one of consumers’ goals, economic performance seems to be a primary goal of the majority of firms and consequently of the whole economies. The cohesion of both aspects then seems to be inevitable. However, necessary protection of environment can be reinforced only in presence of correct, enforceable institutions and sufficient wealth that shift preferences towards clean environment. The study is dedicated to the assessment of the relationship among institutional context, environmental quality and degree of economic development using panel vector autoregressive techniques for the sample of 166 countries. It is aimed to show, how the environment can be conserved taking satisfactory living conditions into account. The study demonstrates that more efficient institutional setting leads to a situation, in which environmental quality improves together with economic development.
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Farooq, Fatima, Muhammad Faheem, and Muhammad Zahid Usman. "Does Globalization Asymmetrically Affect CO2 Emissions in Pakistan? A New Evidence through NARDL Approach." Review of Education, Administration & LAW 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v3i3.96.
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The study examines the impact of globalization and institutional quality on environmental degradation in Pakistan. The study employs symmetric and asymmetric Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) at a time to check the linear and nonlinear effect of globalization on the environment over 1985 to 2017. The long-run findings of linear ARDL shows globalization affect positively to the environment and all other control variables FDI, GDP are significant with a positive sign while institutional quality and the interaction term of globalization and institutional quality is significant with a negative sign. The study also finds the marginal effect of interaction term and found that globalization has a different effect on the environment with different level of institutional quality. The linear ARDL model is not suitable to check the asymmetric behaviour of globalization on the environment. For this, the study applied a nonlinear ARDL estimation method. The findings of the nonlinear ARDL model showed the asymmetric behaviour of globalization on the environment. This study provides a new direction by proving the asymmetric relationship of globalization on environment quality that is more beneficial for policymakers and government officials.
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Karajeh, Ahmad Ibrahim Said. "Voluntary disclosure and earnings quality: evidence from ownership concentration environment." Management Research Review 43, no. 1 (July 29, 2019): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-11-2018-0447.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between earnings quality and corporate voluntary disclosure among Malaysian listed companies. Moreover, it examines the moderating effect of the ownership structure on the relationship between earnings quality and corporate voluntary disclosure. Design/methodology/approach This study covers 300 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia. It has used strategic, financial and non-financial information to measure voluntary disclosure; earnings management, persistence and smoothness to measure earnings quality; and institutional and managerial shareholders to measure ownership structure. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate if ownership structure moderates the relationship between earnings quality and corporate voluntary disclosure. Findings The results in this work imply that companies with high earnings quality are more likely to disclose voluntary information to help stakeholders. Furthermore, this study provides original evidence that institutional ownership and managerial ownership play a main role as moderating variables that influence management motives toward practices of voluntary disclosure and earnings quality. Originality/value Because of the limited number of empirical studies on the relationship between voluntary disclosure and earnings quality, this study fills a gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between them. In addition, a lack of research exists on the effects of ownership structure on the relationship between voluntary disclosure and the earnings quality. Therefore, this study makes an original contribution to the literature by using institutional and managerial ownership as moderating variables to investigate the effects of the ownership structure on the relationship between voluntary disclosure and earnings quality in Malaysian companies.
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Ferreira, Manuel Portugal, and Justino Gomes Ferreira. "O impacto de dimensões selecionadas do ambiente institucional dos países da África Subsaariana na sua capacidade de atrair investimento estrangeiro." Internext 11, no. 1 (May 17, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18568/1980-4865.11121-36.
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International business research points to the institutional environment as a core determinant of the countries’ ability to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the extant research has been more focused on understanding the specific institutional of the transition and emerging economies and has left largely untapped African countries. In this paper we examine the impact of a selected number of six institutional dimensions on sub-Saharan countries’ ability to attract FDI inflows. Results show that the quality of the institutional environment is positively related to the FDI into these countries, confirming prior work on different geographies but showing some remarkable differences. We extend extant research on the institutional environments and distances into contexts of extreme under-institutionalization that characterize much of the sub-Saharan African region.
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Mehmood, Usman. "Renewable-nonrenewable energy: institutional quality and environment nexus in South Asian countries." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 21 (January 23, 2021): 26529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12554-0.
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Fuad, Fuad, Zulaikha Zulaikha, and Agung Juliarto. "Linking Institutional Environment to the IFRS and Accounting Quality: A Proposed Framework." Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance 9, no. 3 (June 2021): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujaf.2021.090308.
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Zakaria, Muhammad, and Samina Bibi. "Financial development and environment in South Asia: the role of institutional quality." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 8 (January 25, 2019): 7926–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04284-1.
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Nxumalo, Immaculate Simiso, and Patricia Lindelwa Makoni. "Analysis of International Capital Inflows and Institutional Quality in Emerging Markets." Economies 9, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9040179.
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This study investigates the cointegrating and causality relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI) and institutional quality in a sample of 12 emerging market economies for the period from 2007 to 2017. A composite index for institutional quality composed of the Worldwide Governance Indicators was constructed using the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method. The panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and the error correction model (ECM) were applied to assess the cointegrating and causal relationships between the key variables. In addition to finding significant cointegrating relationships between institutional quality and the foreign capital inflows (FDI and FPI), the results confirmed unidirectional causality from FDI and FPI to institutional quality in the long run. The results further suggested that the long-run relationship between the two foreign capital inflows was more of a trade-off nature, dependent upon the dynamics of the institutional environment in the host economy. The recommendations suggested include that emerging markets should continue to open their economies in pursuit of capital inflows, which will reciprocally strengthen their domestic institutional environment. Strengthening institutions could curtail the persistence of institutional weaknesses and insulate emerging economies from the adverse effects of volatile capital flows and, over the long run, enhance capital inflows.
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Márquez-Ramos, Laura. "The Role of Institutional Environment in International Trade. The Case of Spanish Regions." REGION 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v3i2.147.
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We move beyond the nation-state as the unit of analysis and use subnational spatial variation to study the effect of the institutional environment on international trade. Additionally, we address the heterogeneous effect of trade agreements on different regions within a country. Employing a gravity model approach, we use a region-to-country dataset to estimate the determinants of Spanish regional exports and we apply quantile regressions for panel data. We find that better institutional quality of trade agreements leads to an increase in both the intensive and the extensive margins of trade. The institutional quality of trade agreements exerts a differential effect on regional exports at different locations within a country, although differences across Spanish regions seem to be larger for the intensive margin than for the extensive margin. We do, however, find a common trend: for the relatively more important exporting regions, the institutional quality of TAs is less relevant for trade margins. Therefore, our results posit that subnational spatial variation should be added to the analysis of the determinants of international trade flows.
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Iyoboyi, Martins, Olarinde Muftau O., and Abdulsalam S. Ademola. "The Institutional and Policy Environment and the Quest for Industrialization in Nigeria." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 2(J) (May 11, 2016): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i2(j).1251.
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The paper empirically investigates the impact of the institutional and policy environment on Nigeria’s industrialization, using annual data for the period 1981 to 2013. The institutional environment was proxied by quality of service delivery while government expenditure as a percentage of GDP and real exchange rate were used to reflect the policy environment. Foreign direct investment as percentage of GDP was employed to reflect technological transfer and diffusion. Using the technique of cointegration, a long run relationship was found between industrialization and associated variables. Government expenditure was found to be positively related to industrialization and statistically significant in the long and short run. In the short run, real exchange rate is positively related to industrialization and statistically significant, while a negative and statistically significant relationship was found in the long run. In the long and short run, technological transfer indicates a negative relationship with industrialization. Quality of service delivery was found to influence industrialization positively and significantly in the long and short run. A bilateral causality was found between industrialization and the associated variables. Based on the empirical findings, it is concluded that the institutional and policy environments are critical to industrialization in Nigeria and that pragmatic efforts should be made to initiate and implement policies that promote industrial growth, while enhancing the quality of institutions.
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Mitra, Santanu, and William M. Cready. "Institutional Stock Ownership, Accrual Management, and Information Environment." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 20, no. 3 (July 2005): 257–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x0502000304.
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This study examines the empirical relationship between institutional percentage shareholding and accounting discretion exercised by firms to manage accruals over a period of time. It also evaluates the effects of firm size and information environment on such relationship. By employing a firm-specific abnormal accrual estimation design to measure accounting flexibility/discretion used to adjust abnormal accruals in financial reporting, the study documents that institutional stock ownership is inversely related to such accounting discretion exercised to manage abnormal current accruals. This inverse relationship is, however, found to be dependent on firm size and richness of information environment. Specifically, the inverse relationship strongly holds for smaller firms that are deemed to have an impoverished information environment compared with larger firms having information-rich environment. Furthermore, by using a two-stage least-squares approach, the study addresses the endogeneity-driven ambiguity which is inherent in the simple identification of a negative relation between institutional stock ownership and accrual management. The analysis demonstrates that the overall negative relationship is partly attributed to institutional shareholder monitoring that constrains management's ability to opportunistically manage abnormal accruals. The evidence is consistent with the view that active monitoring of institutional shareholders mitigates opportunistic reporting behavior of corporate managers and improves the quality of governance in the financial reporting process.
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Shin, Whan, and Byungchul Choi. "Digital Competency, Innovative Medical Research, and Institutional Environment: A Global Context." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 16887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416887.
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The use of digital technology accelerates the progress of medical research through improving the quality of clinical trials and medical education. However, empirical evidence on how digital competency contributes to the innovativeness of medical research and influence of institutional environment has received scant attention. Based on the data of 63 nations, this study explores the question of how national-level digital competency impacts the innovativeness of medical research reflected in research publications and examines the moderating effect of government and the economic environment. We find that national digital competency positively impacts the innovativeness of medical research in the focal nation. However, this relationship is positively or negatively modulated by diverse institutional environments. Our study contributes to innovation and institutional perspective literature in the context of digital technologies for medical research.
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Shash, N., and T. Fam. "The Influence of the Quality of the Institutional Environment on the Development of Real and Financial Sectors of the Chinese Economy." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 10, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2021-10-2-75-83.
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The article examines the impact of the quality of the institutional environment on the development of the real and financial sectors of the economy. To assess the formation of the institutional environment, a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators was used. As indicators for assessing the development of the financial sector, it is proposed to use indicators of financial depth. Based on the use of correlation analysis tools, correlations between indicators of financial depth and indicators for assessing the formation of the institutional environment were identified. Based on the identified most significant correlations, taking into account institutional factors, diagnostic models were constructed, the use of which allowed us to build three forecast scenarios for changes in the financial depth of the Chinese financial system for the period up to 2030: optimistic, optimistic and basic. Arguments are presented that prove the weakness of the institutional environment of the Chinese economy, not only in comparison with the most developed economies, but also in emerging markets due to the preservation of certain characteristics of the transition economy, which hinders the development of the financial sector and market mechanisms. It is revealed that in the short term, further expansion of state participation in the Chinese financial market in a weak institutional environment may have a positive effect, but in the long term, an increase in state presence may become an obstacle to institutional development. Testing of the proposed tools of correlation analysis on the materials of the United States showed that indicators of the financial depth of the financial systems of developed countries with a high level of development of institutions have much weaker correlations with indicators of the formation of the institutional environment than in countries with emerging markets characterized by low quality of institutions.
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Rustamov, E. "Financial Globalization and the Quality of Institutions." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2010): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-2-39-52.
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The paper examines effects of financial liberalization, observed over the last decades. Contrary to the widespread view, it results in capital flows from developing economies and emerging markets to advanced countries. Positive effects of liberalization are related primarily to the improvement of institutional environment. They are revealed rather in higher total factor productivity than in increased investment. The important conclusion is that financial liberalization should be implemented when the country is prepared for it, as positive consequences overweigh risks only if institutional quality exceeds a certain threshold.
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Stryzhak, Olena, Magdalena Magdalena, and Jaroslaw Rodzik. "Relationship between the level of human development and institutional quality." Economics & Sociology 15, no. 2 (2022): 274–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/17.
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Implementation of the sustainable socio-economic development goals is an important task for any country, which is why researchers pay attention to the analysis of factors that influence development. Human development is one of the components of development in a wide context. The level of human development largely depends on the quality of the institutional environment in a society. The article examines the relationship between the human development level and the institutional environment quality. Human Development Index (HDI) and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) are used. The analysis includes data for 188 countries for the period from 2017 to 2019. Three clusters are obtained as a result of cluster analysis. The Spearman Rank Order and Kendall Tau Correlations are calculated for each cluster. The link between HDI and WDI is found to be directly positive. Moreover, the strength of the relationship depends on the quality of indicators in groups of countries - the higher the quality of indicators, the stronger the link between them. The results are obtained using the Statistica application package.
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SEDOV, Sergey, Vladimir VASILEV, and Tatyana BOCHKAREVA. "Philosophical Aspect of Forming the Foundations of New Quality of Education by Transforming the Institutional Environment." WISDOM 2, no. 1 (May 26, 2022): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v2i1.779.
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The research highlights the foundations of a new quality of education formed by transforming the institutional environment. The study's methodology is a complex of approaches, revealing in interrelation the philosophical aspect of the formation of the foundations of the new quality of education - including systemic and personal-activity approaches; logical and historical approaches; qualitative and quantitative approaches; phenomenological and ontological approaches. The foundations of a new quality of education formed by transforming the institutional environment based on the philosophical aspect are proposed to be divided into two groups: objective and subjective foundations. Objective foundations have an impact on the education quality while not being conditioned by the institutional environment. Subjective foundations, on the contrary, are in a direct causal relationship with it. We consider it necessary to single out Informatization and Integration of Society among objective foundations. As subjective foundations, we single out Quality Assurance and the Dynamics of Interests of all participants in the educational, research, entrepreneurial and innovative processes. Subjective foundations are proposed to be considered in the European term Quality Culture structure.
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Bandeira Pinheiro, Alan, José Carlos Lázaro da Silva Filho, and Márcia Zabdiele Moreira. "Institutional drivers for corporate social responsibility in the utilities sector." Revista de Gestão 28, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rege-08-2019-0088.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influence of characteristics of the institutional environment on the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative and descriptive research. The dependent variables used were environmental dimension (ED) and social dimension (SD) that together compose the corporate social performance (CSP). The independent variables that will be used are the characteristics of the institutional environments of Brazil and the UK. Thus, for this end, variables of the national business system of both countries will be used: corruption transparency, access to credit by countries, quality of the education system and labor relations. After their collection, the data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistics and hierarchical regression.FindingsData show that UK companies make more disclosure in CSR than Brazilian companies. Through linear regression, it can be seen that the institutional environment affects disclosure in CSR. In the UK, a country with better educational, labor, political and financial indicators than Brazil, it presented better CSR practices. The findings reveal that the better an institutional environment, the more firms act in CSR. The findings of the research confirm the premise of institutional theory: different institutional fields can modify business performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study analyzed only the disclosure practices of companies in the public sector. Thus, the results should be carefully analyzed, without generalizations for all industry sectors. Therefore, it is suggested that future research looks at other industry sectors as well as other institutional contexts, i.e. other countries.Practical implicationsMultinational companies may have different CSR practices according to the institutional environment in which they operate. For example, companies in developed countries, such as the UK, have greater stakeholder pressure. Given this, managers must adapt their environmental strategies according to the institutional environment in which they operate.Originality/valueThis research contributes to CSR studies in various institutional contexts. There is a consensus in the literature that institutional environments affect firms' CSR practices. However, few empirical studies show results between the national business system and CSR. Thus, the present study intends to fill this research gap.
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Zhang, Pan. "Research on the Impact of Institutional Quality on Enterprise Innovation Quality from the Perspective of Heterogeneity of Innovation Motivation." Advances in Economics and Management Research 1, no. 1 (May 18, 2022): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.1.1.201.
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From the perspective of heterogeneity of firms’ innovation motivation, we analyze the internal mechanism between marketization institution environment and firms’ innovation motivations, using the data of China’s manufacturing industry listed firms from 2005 to 2019. We find that, the marketization institutional reform can strengthen the vertical innovation motivation and weaken the horizontal innovation motivation, which means that there are “institutional dividend effects” in the firms’ innovation behaviors. After dividing the firms into different groups by ownership, region and high-tech intensity, we find that the “institutional dividend effects” mainly focus in the non-state-owned group, middle area and west area group, and both in the high-tech and non-high-tech group. Our findings can provide some evidences for the policy design and firms’ strategy formulation.
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Fox, Mary T., Souraya Sidani, Jeffrey I. Butler, and Deborah Tregunno. "Nurses’ Perspectives on the Geriatric Nursing Practice Environment and the Quality of Older People’s Care in Ontario Acute Care Hospitals." Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 49, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562117707140.
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Background Cultivating hospital environments that support older people’s care is a national priority. Evidence on geriatric nursing practice environments, obtained from studies of registered nurses (RNs) in American teaching hospitals, may have limited applicability to Canada, where RNs and registered practical nurses (RPNs) care for older people in predominantly nonteaching hospitals. Purpose This study describes nurses’ perceptions of the overall quality of care for older people and the geriatric nursing practice environment (geriatric resources, interprofessional collaboration, and organizational value of older people’s care) and examines if these perceptions differ by professional designation and hospital teaching status. Methods A cross-sectional survey, using Dillman’s tailored design, that included Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile subscales, was completed by 2005 Ontario RNs and registered practical nurses to assess their perceptions of the quality of care and geriatric nursing practice environment. Results Scores on the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile subscales averaged slightly above the midpoint except for geriatric resources which was slightly below. Registered practical nurses rated the quality of care and geriatric nursing practice environment higher than RNs; no significant differences were found by hospital teaching status. Conclusions Nurses’ perceptions of older people’s care and the geriatric nursing practice environment differ by professional designation but not hospital teaching status. Teaching and nonteaching hospitals should both be targeted for geriatric nursing practice environment improvement initiatives.
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Stepanov, N. S. "DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS AS A FACTOR OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT." Вестник Института экономики Российской академии наук, no. 4 (2021): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2021_4_95_108.
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WU, Lijun, and Hua Bu. "Institutional environment, internal control and corporate social responsibility disclosure quality: evidence from China." International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences 13, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijads.2020.10021854.
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Wu, Lijun, and Hua Bu. "Institutional environment, internal control and corporate social responsibility disclosure quality: evidence from China." International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences 13, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijads.2020.104291.
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Ramírez, Gerardo Blanco. "The Global Dimension of Quality Assurance in Higher Education." International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtem.2013010102.
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Quality assurance in higher education has become an endeavor of global proportions. Leaders within institutions of higher education are required to make choices about what quality assurance and self-regulation mechanisms to implement and how to respond to external pressures in an environment of increased accountability and competition. University leaders also need to make choices about what standards of quality their institutions will follow. This paper outlines the changing environment of international quality assurance and its implications for management practice and further research. Critical engagements with quality assurance are necessary in order to make decisions that are not only effective but also consistent with the institutional mission and the purposes of higher education. While quality in higher education becomes global, university leaders encounter new opportunities to exercise institutional agency.
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Jankauskas, Vidmantas, and Janina Šeputienė. "THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Ekonomika 87 (January 1, 2009): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2009.0.1040.
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Economic literature recognizes three “deep determinants” of economic development: institutions, geography and openness to trade. Discussion in the literature focuses on what part of the income per capita variation can be explained by institutions, geography and openness to trade. The empirical results can’t offer a clear answer, but there is a broader agreement in the literature that institutions play a more important role than geography and openness to trade. What is unclear whether the institutions also can explain variation in per capita income across countries, in which institutional environment is to some degree similar..This article aims to explore and quantify the relationship of the income level with institutional environment, geography and openness to trade across countries, grouped according their institutional environment quality.The results reveal that extent to which the variation in GDP per capita can be associated with the quality of institutional environment differs a lot between good and bad institutional environment samples. The results in good institutional environment sample come in line with series of studies in which the strong and positive link between various measures of institutions and economic development was established and support primacy of institutions over openness to trade and geography. I In bad institutional environment sample, on the contrary,no evidence was found that institutions mean a lot in respect of differences in GDP per capita. These results should not be interpreted so as to mean that institutional environment is not important, rather the degree of “badness” makes no difference.
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Ke, Bin, Clive S. Lennox, and Qingquan Xin. "The Effect of China's Weak Institutional Environment on the Quality of Big 4 Audits." Accounting Review 90, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1591–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50943.
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ABSTRACT This study examines whether China's weak institutional environment results in lower-quality audits by the Big 4 firms. We find that the Big 4 assign their less experienced partners to companies that are listed only in China compared with clients cross-listed in Hong Kong. The Big 4 are less likely to issue modified audit reports, and they charge lower audit fees for clients that are listed only in China. Finally, companies listed only in China have larger signed abnormal accruals than do companies cross-listed in Hong Kong. Overall, we conclude that the weak institutional environment in China results in the Big 4 firms providing lower-quality audits to companies that are listed only in China.
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Iatagan, Mariana. "Quality Of Education – A Guarantee Of Institutional Competitiveness." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0101.
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Abstract Starting from the three challenges in the field of the higher education: relevant character, quality and international cooperation (…), this work represents an analysis of the impact of quality culture on the increasing of Romanian universities competitiveness on the European market of education. Analyzing the literature in the branch, we find out that the main changes recorded at the level of the tertiary education are the diversification and the consistent development of education at a higher level, on the ground of the intensified difficulties as far as it regards insuring resources and an increased demand of responsibility. We are also witnesses, in present, of the development of a “consumption” view over the universities and passing from a higher education for elites, to a mass one, where the performance seems often to be uncertain. As far as it concerns as suring the quality in the higher education environment, it can be noticed that its implementation is made almost in a mechanical way, on the ground of a quality management that is not enough developed and a weak involvement of direct beneficiaries in the project of the quality system. In this regard, we recommend developping of a system of total quality management at university level, beginning from the student’s needs, identifying some new performance items in education and development of some effective instruments of ensuring higher education quality.
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Bobrikov, Valeriy, Nikita Ravochkin, Elena Sedelnikova, Rinat Gilyazov, and Ammar Jamous. "Modernity imperatives impact on the Russian coal industry enterprises institutional environment." E3S Web of Conferences 315 (2021): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131504018.
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the influence of the imperatives of the modern world on the institutional environment of the national economy, which not only creates qualitatively new combinations of challenges, but also contributes to the emergence of multiple institutional gaps. The Russian coal industry is a representative example of an asymmetric institutional environment based on different technological paradigms. In the article, the authors analyze the inconsistencies of the institutional environment of the Russian coal industry with the requirements of the modern world and propose ways to overcome the revealed institutional gaps. The phenomenon of institutions is considered and their significance for the economic sphere is determined. The main institutions of the market economy are presented. The influence of the imperatives of our time on the institutional breaks of the coal industry is indicated. The importance of improving the quality of the institutional environment has been substantiated. The state of the institutional environment of the Russian coal industry is critically analyzed. The directions of corrections of the identified problem areas are proposed for the purpose of innovative development of the domestic coal industry. The mutual influence of formal and informal institutions was clarified. The importance of the innovative development of the Russian coal industry in conjunction with investments in human capital is determined. Finally, the main results of the study are summarized.
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Krasovska, Olena Yu. "Quality Assurance as the Driver of Institutional Transformation of Higher Education in Ukraine." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 66 (February 2016): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.66.61.
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In the context of change of higher education in Ukraine, the issue of transformation of institutional relations and subjects of educational space has been put forward. The new paradigm of higher education is based on European values and focused on the integration of Ukraine into the European Higher Educational Area. The transformation of higher education is influenced by many institutional factors. The processes of quality assurance as one of the drivers of institutional transformation of Ukrainian higher education system is researched. The preconditions of the institutional transformation of Ukrainian higher education is analyzed; new approaches and principles of quality assurance in the emerging new institutional environment of higher education and integration into the European educational space are defined in the article.
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Sharma, Anand, Vipin Sharma, and Shekhar Tokas. "Institutional quality and health outcomes: evidence from the EU countries." Economics and Business Letters 11, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.11.2.2022.70-78.
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This paper examines the effect of the quality of economic institutions on health outcomes for the E.U. countries from 2000 to 2018. Using data from the World Bank and the Fraser Institute, the paper uses fixed effects and random effects models to investigate the relationship between institutional quality and health. The results suggest that an improvement in the quality of economic institutions has a favourable effect on health. Specifically, the results highlight that an efficient legal system, a stable macroeconomic environment, and fewer regulations improve health outcomes in the E.U. countries. The paper also finds that higher per capita income, increase in education, and faster urbanization enhance health outcomes.
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Осипов, В., and V. Osipov. "The Capitalist Way of the Russian Economy: Institutional Approach." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 6, no. 3 (October 4, 2017): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c10d60037923.16282757.
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Based on the methodology of the South Korean scientist Un The Pack, it is shown that it is possible to assess the quality of the institutional environment in Russia for doing business, and also describes the quality of public administration at the present stage. Specific examples show how decisions of public authorities can have a negative impact on business activity.
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Pană and Fanea-Ivanovici. "Institutional Arrangements and Overeducation: Challenges for Sustainable Growth. Evidence from the Romanian Labour Market." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 6459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226459.
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One of the approaches describing the strategic vision initiated by the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart sustainable and inclusive growth considers that increasing public expenses with education can help in achieving its goals. Concomitantly, higher levels of educational attainment are supposed to at least partially offset the negative effects of economic crises. Nevertheless, one of the consequences of this strategic approach—overeducation—tends to be underrated. This article aims to analyse the influence of the institutional arrangements of the business environment and labour market on overeducation in Romania. For this purpose, we designed two indicators for the institutional quality of business environment and labour market. Their evolutions were compared with the change in the unemployment rate among tertiary graduates. The research reveals that in Romania, the quality of institutional arrangements can still be improved, and that one of its negative consequences is unemployment and an exacerbated number of tertiary graduates in the higher education system. An inverse relationship has been identified between the quality of institutional arrangements of business environment and labour market, on one hand, and the rate of tertiary graduates who never worked in the total unemployed tertiary graduates, on the other hand.
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Routledge, James. "Stewardship regulation and earnings quality: evidence from Japan." Accounting Research Journal 33, no. 3 (June 4, 2020): 543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-11-2019-0205.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine if compliance with the Japanese Stewardship Code by institutional investors is related to the earnings quality of their investee companies. It extends the study by Lu et al. who considered this question for large UK companies with high-quality board governance and a rich information environment. This study provides new insights by exploiting the contrasting Japanese setting. Design/methodology/approach The association between Code-compliant institutional investor shareholding and discretionary accruals is examined for Japanese companies in the Nikkei 225 Index. The study period is from the introduction of the Code in 2015 to 2017. Findings A negative association is found between the level of institutional investor Code-compliant shareholding and discretionary accruals, which is robust to tests that address endogeneity. The findings suggest Code-compliant institutional investor shareholding mitigates opportunistic income-increasing earnings management and promotes conservative accounting. Consistent results are found for benchmark beating and accruals quality as alternative earnings quality measures. Originality/value This study offers new insights regarding the efficacy of the Stewardship Code’s policy approach. The findings suggest the stewardship regulatory model is effective when internal governance is weak and external monitoring by institutional investors is a viable substitute or complement.
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Kurpayanidi, K. "On the Issues of Methodological Approaches to the Study of the Institutional Environment of Small Business." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 442–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82/50.
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The article attempts to study the methodological aspects of the study of the institutional environment. Methodological approaches to the study of the institutional environment of small business are considered. Systematic, evolutionary and synergetic approaches to the analysis of the institutional environment of the entrepreneurial sector of the national economy are systematized and described. The analysis of the theoretical foundations of institutional theory and its impact on entrepreneurial activity is carried out. The result of the study is that the analysis of the available scientific literature revealed that the accumulated scientific material has not been systematized to date and unified methodological principles and approaches to the study of the institutional environment as an independent category have not been formed. In the conclusion of the study, the author concluded that further applied developments concerning the assessment of the quality of the institutional environment, including in relation to small industrial enterprises of the national economy of the country, should be carried out on the basis of an assessment of the essential characteristics of this category.
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Klimek, Artur. "Institutions and Outward Foreign Direct Investment." International Journal of Management and Economics 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0023.
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AbstractThis paper explores the influence of the quality of a host country’s institutional environment on outflows from that country of foreign direct investment. The main finding of this paper is that such quality does play an important role, particularly with respect to governance quality and political stability. This implies that better institutional conditions may reduce undesirable outflows of capital, and the quality of those institutions may impact FDI effectiveness in host countries.
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Gottfried, Michael A. "Understanding the Institutional-Level Factors of Urban School Quality." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 114, no. 12 (December 2012): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811211401206.
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Background/Context This article addresses which school-level factors contribute to school quality. Previous research has focused on assessing the effects of school-level variables on student-level quality (e.g., achievement). However, the field has been limited in not evaluating the effects of school-level factors directly on measured school-level quality. This present study takes this next step. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of the Study The purpose of this study is to determine which school-level factors across three categories—schoolwide programs, school-level personnel, and institutional environment—are significant predictors of school quality. Population/Participants/Subjects Two data sets from the School District of Philadelphia are employed. The first data set is longitudinal and comprises elementary school student data linked to teachers, classrooms, and neighborhoods. The second data set, linked to the first by way of school and year data, is longitudinal and comprises school-level variables for all elementary schools within the district over 3 years. Research Design This investigation first derives four quantifiable measures of school quality based on the student- and classroom-level data set. These measures are based on student reading achievement scores, math achievement scores, yearly attendance, and behavior grades. In the main analyses, this study separately tests each measure of quality in an empirical model that relates school-level inputs to school-level outputs. Each model does so while holding constant student, teacher, classroom, and neighborhood covariates as well as principal and school budget data. Findings Looking across all four measures of school quality, the study finds school quality to be higher in schools with music and language programs, more disciplinary resources per student with a behavior problem and more special education resources per special education student, having a school nurse, being a smaller sized campus, and being K–5 (versus K–8). Although there is some consistency in the predictors of school quality, this research also indicates that differentiating between all four measures of quality is critical: School-level factors provide distinct outcomes depending on the measure of school quality itself. Conclusions By identifying those school-level factors that directly relate school quality to its programs, personnel, and environment, this study has differentiated between the particular institutional resources of urban elementary schools that can potentially influence schooling experiences, above and beyond student or classroom factors. As such, this study can be used to more effectively identify those significant institutional challenges faced by urban schools, how these challenges are actualized, and, moreover, the types and levels of resources necessary to enhance school quality.