Academic literature on the topic 'Institutional environment quality'
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Journal articles on the topic "Institutional environment quality"
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KUNČIČ, ALJAŽ. "Institutional quality dataset." Journal of Institutional Economics 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137413000192.
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AbstractIn this paper, we emphasize the role of institutions as the underlying basis for economic and social activity. We describe and compare different institutional classification systems, which is rarely done in the literature, and show how to empirically operationalize institutional concepts. More than 30 established institutional indicators can be clustered into three homogeneous groups of formal institutions: legal, political and economic, which capture to a large extent the complete formal institutional environment of a country. We compute the latent quality of legal, political and economic institutions for every country in the world and for every year. On this basis, we propose a legal, political and economic World Institutional Quality Ranking, through which we can follow whether a country is improving or worsening its relative institutional environment. The calculated latent institutional quality measures can be especially useful in further panel data applications and add to the usual practice of using simply one or another index of institutional quality to capture the institutional environment. We make the Institutional Quality Dataset, covering up to 197 countries and territories from 1990 to 2010, freely available online.
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A, Hudáková. "Seniors and Their Quality of Life." Nursing & Healthcare International Journal 5, no. 3 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nhij-16000241.
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Aim: We aimed to find out whether the quality of life of seniors is higher in either home or institutional environment. Methods: We ́d realized the on the sample of 128 seniors living in institutional and home environment. We studied their quality of life via structured questionnaire WHOQL - BREF. Results: The achieved results show correlation between satisfaction with the health and perception of quality of life. We found that in the domain of physical health (presence of pain, degree of mobility, fatigue, loss of energy, the ability to do work, self-reliance, the need for frequent medical attention) the final domain score was 16.63 at home and 16.37 in the institutional environment (on a scale of 4-20). The scores found in our research are lowered compared with population norms. Quality of life of elderly living in their homes was 14.8 ± 10 and in the institutional environment it was 12.8 ± 11.09. The respondents from home environment reported better quality of life than respondents in the institutional environment. Conclusion: The support of quality of life should be one of the basic aims of nursing care. Nurses should make early identification of negative factors affecting quality of life and eliminate them by suitable nursing interventions.
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Wu, Feifei, and Xinyu Yan. "Institutional Quality and Sustainable Development of Industries’ Exports: Evidence from China." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 4173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114173.
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The knowledge about the relations between domestic institutional quality and the sustainable development of exports in emerging markets remains limited, since most research into the relations between the institutional environment and the sustainable development of exports has been conducted in developed market economies, especially in those of North America and Europe. With dynamic changes in the institutional environment of emerging countries over the years, this paper provides a novel perspective for investigating the relations above. This is the first paper to investigate the impact of institutional quality on the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries from a comprehensive perspective of multiple institutional environments and multi-dimensional industries’ heterogeneity. On the basis of defining institutional quality and industry heterogeneity, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of institutional quality affecting sustainable development of industries’ exports and conducts empirical analyses by using the data from China’s 20 industries’ exports to 117 countries for the period of 1996–2011. The results show that: (a) Industries with higher degrees of financial dependence or higher product technical complexities have export comparative advantages in better financial environments; (b) Industries with higher research and development (R&D) intensity or a higher concentration of intermediate inputs have export comparative advantages in better legal environments; (c) The differences in the level of financial development or in the efficiency of legal system would influence the effects of interactions between institutional quality and industry heterogeneity on the sustainable development of industries’ exports. The present paper provides new evidence that institutional quality does promote the sustainable development of industries’ exports in emerging countries. These results indicate that exports of heterogeneous industries in emerging economies are an adaptive response to the specific institutional environment, as well as a continuous release of institutional dividends with the improvement of the institutional environment.
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Faruq, Hasan A., and Ashley C. Taylor. "Quality of Education, Economic Performance and Institutional Environment." International Advances in Economic Research 17, no. 2 (April 17, 2011): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-011-9293-4.
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Stryzhak, Olena. "Institutional System of Human Development and Institutional Environment: Relationship Features." SHS Web of Conferences 67 (2019): 06049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196706049.
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The article considers the features of human development in the context of the concept of sustainable development. The need to study the institutional system of human development as regulated multilevel system of interconnected formal and informal institutions is justified. The relationship between the level of human development and the quality of the institutional environment is determined using the methods of correlation analysis. Analyse covers 214 countries and territories for 2017. The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a strong direct interconnection between HDI and WGI. The correlation ranges from significant to very strong one. This gives grounds for conclusion that there is influence of the quality of institutional environment on the level of human development.
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Ariff, Akmalia M. "Governance and voluntary disclosure of intangibles." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 600–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c6art6.
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This paper examines the effect of governance on the quality of firms’ voluntary disclosure of intangibles. While disclosure of intangibles reduces information asymmetry, company-level managerial ownership and country-level institutional environment provide incentives that can affect the quality of disclosure. I use a comprehensive set of information about intangibles for disclosure, the aggregate percentage of ownership by directors for managerial ownership, and an index of legal institutions for institutional environments. Based on data from 430 East Asian firms, lower quality disclosure is evident for firms in stronger institutional environment regime. However, the quality of disclosure is not affected by managerial ownership or its joint-effect with institutional environment. The findings highlight the importance of voluntary disclosure about intangibles regardless of the influencing effect of governance mechanisms.
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Dybach, Inna. "Institutional aspects of educational quality management in higher educational establishments." Economics of Development 18, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ed.18(1).2019.04.
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Higher education in Ukraine, as one of the prerequisites for national security and competitiveness of the country, needs to be reformed, first of all in the context of improving the quality of educational services. Educational quality studies have confirmed that the educational system does not adequately address the needs of customers and those who receive education. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of the institutional provision of the quality management process of higher education. Methods of dialectical cognition, comparative analysis, content analysis and a comprehensive approach to the analysis of transformations in the field of higher education are used in this work. A prerequisite for ensuring the quality of higher education is the definition of the hypostasis of the relevant procedures, among which process, functional and evaluation are identified. It is established in the article that the institutional environment in the field of education is an ordered set of legally established norms and informal rules that determine the conditions for the functioning of institutions of higher education, structure the relationship between the subjects of the educational process and are formed within the educational system. The article deals with a wide network of organizations that form the institutional environment of the national higher education, which, according to the levels of government, are divided into international, national, regional and local. It is noted that state agencies for ensuring the quality of education have the largest share in the formation of the institutional environment of the educational sphere. This often leads to a conflict of interest of stakeholders, which can be solved by the introduction of the Institute of Independent Educational Auditors.
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Escaleras, Monica, and Eric P. Chiang. "Fiscal decentralization and institutional quality on the business environment." Economics Letters 159 (October 2017): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.07.019.
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Kamarudin, Khairul Anuar, Akmalia Mohamad Ariff, and Wan Adibah Wan Ismail. "Intensity of product market competition, institutional environment and accrual quality." Pacific Accounting Review 32, no. 3 (June 10, 2020): 391–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-10-2018-0083.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the joint effect of product market competition (PMC) and institutional environment on accrual quality. Design/methodology/approach The sample covers a large data set of 52,138 firm-year observations from 35 countries over the period of 2011-2015. Using the weighted least square regression, the study estimates PMC and institutional environment on accrual quality. The study measures PMC based on Herfindahl-Hirschman index, anti-director rights index (ADRI) based on the revised and updated La Porta et al.'s (1998) and accrual quality using the modified Dechow and Dichev (2002) model proposed by McNichols (2002). The study also uses a series of specification tests using alternative measures for each variable. Findings The study finds that highly intensified PMC relates to a lower quality of accruals. The results also show that accrual quality is better in countries with stronger institutional environment, specifically countries with higher ADRI, investor protection, judicial independence, protection of minority shareholders’ interests, protection of property rights, strength of the auditing and reporting standards, efficacy of corporate boards and corporate ethics. The findings suggest that institutional factors weaken the negative impact of PMC intensity on accrual quality, hence suggesting that institutional environment has a significant role to enhance accrual quality among firms in highly intensified industries. Practical implications The findings provide additional insights to policymakers and regulators on the importance of strong institutional and industry environment that can provide incentives and extra governance mechanisms besides the conventional firm-level corporate governance. Originality/value This study contributes in understanding the impact of intensity of PMC on accrual quality internationally and subsequently highlights the role of institutional environment as significant country-level governance in determining financial reporting quality, particularly accrual quality.
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Litzman, Marek, and Luděk Kouba. "How the Legal Environment Affects the Structure of Employment." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062005.
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The quality of the institutional environment is considered a crucial determinant of economic growth. Low quality of the formal institutional environment can slow down economic development via various mechanisms described in the literature. The present paper will analyse formal institutional factors leading to the structure of employment that Murphy, Shleifer and Vishny (The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1991) found to be associated with lower rate of economic growth. They assumed that a high proportion of lawyers in the country may be associated with slower economic development. Thus, the aim of the paper is to examine some of the parameters of institutional environment that can lead to such a distribution. Results show that quality of law measured by the World Bank (Doing Business database) and the Corruption Perception Index obtained from Transparency International may have some explanatory abilities regarding the structure of employment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Institutional environment quality"
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Stanner, Martin. "Vliv kvality institucionálního prostředí na ekonomickou výkonnost." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4529.
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The diploma thesis focuses on a broad issue of the institutional quality and its impacts on a real economy. It summarizes important theoretical approaches involving not only institutions and their influence on a behavior of economic subjects (New Institutional Economics, New Comparative Economics), but also a behavior of politicians (Public Choice Theory) as they contribute to the formation of the institutional environment notably. The thesis pays to a historical outline, consequences and the evolution of institutional environment in the countries of Central Europe (The Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary). The analytical part of the thesis focuses on the qualitative analysis of the most significant elements of the institutional environment in the countries mentioned above: the security of the private ownership and its observance, the law enforcement, the corruption rate, the quality of entrepreneurial environment, the effectiveness and the quality of a regulation and not least the governance effectiveness on government and private level.
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Pellfolk, Tony. "Physical restraint use and falls in institutional care of old people effects of a restraint minimization program /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-31952.
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Achioyamen, Chichi Violet, and Johansson Sophia Kazmi. "Institutional Factors and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004-2018 : Control of Corruption, Rule of Law, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, and Voice and Accountability." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45289.
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The purpose of this study is to have an in-depth understanding of the importance of the institutional environment for financial development in 43 Sub-Saharan African countries during the years 2004-2018. Using new institutional economic theory (NIE) we study how the four institutional factors Control of Corruption, Rule of Law, Political Stability and Absence of Violence, and Voice and Accountability affect financial development. We also survey how the effect of institutional factors varies when there are either high, medium or low levels of corruption. Empirical results show a positive linear relationship between all institutional factors and financial development. However, when corruption levels are high the correlation between institutional factors and financial development varies and has a weak linear relationship. Inferential statistics results from a fixed effect regression model with robust standard errors shows; when we control for the financial environment, Political Stability and Absence of Violence is the only indicator for the institutional environment that has a positive significant effect on financial development. We thereby conclude that the institutional environment, mostly political institutions, are important for financial development.Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupgående förståelse av institutionell miljö för finansiell utveckling i 43 Subsahariska afrikanska länder för åren 2004–2018. Med hjälp av den nya institutionella ekonomiska teorin undersöker vi hur de fyra institutionella faktorer Kontroll av Korruption, Rättsstat, Politisk Stabilitet och Frånvaro av Våld och Röst och Ansvarsskyldighet påverkar finansiell utveckling. Vi undersöker också hur effekten av institutionella faktorer varierar när det finns hög, medium eller låg nivå av korruption. Empiriskt resultat visar ett positivt linjärt samband mellan alla institutionella faktorer och finansiell utveckling. Däremot, när korruptions nivåerna är höga är korrelationen mellan institutionella faktorer och finansiell utveckling varierar och har ett svagt linjärt samband. Resultatet från inferentiell statistik med fixed-effektregressionsmodell med robust standardfel visar att; när vi kontrollerar för den finansiella miljön, kvarstår endast Politisk Stabilitet och Frånvaro av Våld som en indikator för institutionell miljö som har en positiv signifikant effekt på finansiell utveckling. Vi konstaterar därmed att institutionell miljö, särskilt politiska institutioner är viktiga för finansiell utveckling.
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Okeke, Arinze. "ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN NIGERIA : DOES INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY STAND SENSIBLY?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184604.
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Based on theory and copious empirical evidence, environmental economists have recognized the dependence of environmental conditions on economic growth. This dependence is well enumerated in the EKC Hypothesis, which asserts that there exists an inverted U-shaped relationship between measured per capita income and measured level environmental quality such that, economic growth initially portends danger to the environment owing to initial economic pressures, which eventually improves beyond certain threshold of growth. During the initial stages of growth, however, environmental conditions arguably could be made impervious to economic pressures when governments take stiffened stance to strengthen institutions and make them more effective. On the strength of the above thoughts, we have attempted in this empirical work to probe into new evidence on the role of institutions in modulating and moderating the gruesome effects of growth on the environment in the context of Nigeria. While pursuing this empirical course, the study, like others drew on theoretical framings of the classic EKC hypothesis and adopted the ARDL methodical procedure to estimate baseline and interaction models. However, unlike previous studies carried out in Nigeria, the current study adopted a broad- based approach by converting and aggregating the three pervasive environmental pollutants (CO2, NO2 and CH4) in Nigeria into single unit of measurement by means of their CO2 equivalent. Given the core of the study, two models- baseline and interaction- have been estimated and examined based on the conventional statistical and econometric criteria. The results from the baseline model led to the conclusion that EKC holds for Nigeria while those from the interaction model revealed that institutions are important in the environmental project as they play significant role in moderating the harmful effect of economic growth on the environment.
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Кравець, Олена Олегівна, Елена Олеговна Кравец, and Olena Olehivna Kravets. "Економічні основи формування інституціонального механізму управління якістю навколишнього середовища." Thesis, СумДУ, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35844.
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Дисертацію присвячено актуальним науковим задачам з розвитку теоретичних положень та практичних рекомендацій щодо формування інституціонального механізму управління якістю навколишнього середовища з урахуванням економічних основ. Сформульовано поняття «інституціональний механізм управління якістю навколишнього середовища». Розроблено концептуальні основи зазначеного механізму та удосконалено підхід до управління якістю навколишнього середовища. На основі адаптувань зарубіжних методів розроблено інтегральний індекс якості навколишнього середовища, який є інформаційною основою для прийняття управлінських рішень в галузі охорони якості навколишнього середовища, модель оцінки впливу екологічних інвестицій на якість навколишнього середовища та є інформацією для підтримки управлінських рішень на етапі планування екологічних інвестицій. Запропоновано модель оптимального вибору проектів на охорону навколишнього середовища.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35844Диссертация посвящена решению актуальной научной задачи и теоретических положений для обоснования практических рекомендаций по формированию институционального механизма управления качеством окружающей среды. Анализ экономико-экологической ситуации, которая сложилась в Украине, свидетельствует об обострении взаимосвязей в сложной системе «общество – окружающая середа». На основе анализа и синтеза категорий («качество», «управление», «институт», «механизм»), понятий («окружающая среда», «институциональный механизм», «управление качеством», «механизм управления») и терминов («качество окружающей среды», «управление качеством окружающей среды», «институциональный механизм управления») сформулировано комплексное понятие «институциональный механизм управления качеством окружающей среды». Формирование экономических основ механизма управления качеством окружающей среды базируется на концептуальной основе институционального механизма управления качеством окружающей среды, которая учитывает государственное регулирование провалов рынка, а также ключевые вопросы и пути их решения в области повышения качества окружающей среды. На основе обобщения отечественных и зарубежных подходов к теории управления предложено использовать комплексность, кластерность и экосистемность, что составляет «холонистический подход». Предложенный подход осуществляется с помощью приказов и распоряжений для достижения поставленных целей в процессе улучшения качества окружающей среды, направлен на процесс организации управления и интеграцию связей природы с социальными и экономическими целями экономических агентов как взаимодополняющая система. Данный подход является основой для реализации принципов управления качеством окружающей среды в разработанных экономических основах формирования институционального механизма. Предложены экономические основы формирования институционального механизма управления качеством окружающей среды, которые включают инструменты и методы повышения качества окружающей среды, на основе количественной оценки качества окружающей среды для Украины и оптимального распределения ограниченных экологических фондов на проекты охраны окружающей среды для улучшения качества окружающей среды. Для разработки интегрального индекса качества окружающей среды в Украине проведен анализ существующих методов оценки качества и предложен адаптированный интегральный индекс. Данный индекс учитывает социальные, экономические и экологические особенности Украины. Предложена модель количественной оценки влияния экологических инвестиций на качество окружающей среды, которая характеризует взаимосвязь между объемом инвестиций в охрану окружающей среды, качеством окружающей среды, рыночным управлением, зеленым валовым внутренним продуктом и заболеваемостью населения. Установлено, что изменение интегрального индекса качества окружающей среды влияет на социально-экономическое состояние страны, которое отображается зеленым валовым внутренним продуктом и количеством заболевших. Приведенная модель является инструментом обоснования управленческих решений на этапе планирования объема инвестиций в области управления качеством окружающей среды. В результате проведения экспериментов установлен необходимый объем инвестиций для улучшения качества окружающей среды, который обеспечит увеличение зеленого валового внутреннего продукта и сокращение заболеваемости населения. Для эффективного распределения инвестированных средств, предложена модель оптимального выбора проектов по охране окружающей среды. Данная модель основывается на функции полезности, которая отображает возможные направления вложения капитальных инвестиций в охрану окружающей среды. Реализация выбранных проектов даст возможность повысить качество окружающей среды за счет наличных денежных средств. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35844
The thesis is devoted to actual scientific tasks for the development of theory and practical recommendations for the creation of institutional mechanism of quality management of environment based on economic fundamentals. The concept "institutional mechanism of quality management of environment" is formulated. The conceptual bases of this mechanism is developed and approach to environmental quality management is improved. On the basis of adaptation of foreign methods the index of quality of environment is developed. The index is the informational basis for management decisions in the field of environmental quality. The model of an assessment of influence of ecological investments on environmental quality is offered. Model is information to support management decisions at the planning stage of environmental investments. The model of an optimum choice of projects on the environment is offered. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35844
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Eakpisankit, Araya. "The quality of corporate environmental reporting (CER) : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558898.
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Due to the fact that corporate environmental reporting (CER) is largely voluntary and unregulated, practice has evolved in the absence of a meaningful conceptual framework. This lack of a normative theory stating what should be the content of CER as well as the methods for measuring reported information being largely volumetric or content based, is advanced as a major limitation in the existing literature. In this study, the wellestablished conceptual frameworks for financial reporting are adapted as the basis for a CER conceptual framework in which four characteristics of CER indicate its quality. Empirical methods for the measurement of such characteristics are also adapted from the financial reporting literature. The main aim of this research is to use the adapted framework to examine the extent of variation in the quality of CER and then to test its applicability to the key motivational theories. The empirical work involves a panel of US and UK firms over a two-year period. This allows cross-sectional comparison to be made between different financial accounting regimes (rules- vs. principles-based) as well as permits examination of the development of CER over time. Further, the empirical work is extended to investigate the interrelationship between the financial and environmental performance of a firm. Evidence in support of the legitimacy and institutional theory explanations for disclosure motivations is comprehensively found through the measures of the qualitative characteristics identified. That is, the use of a novel CER framework based on financial reporting quality here enables a more robust understanding of the reporting behaviours than previous work. Moreover, evidence for CER variation owing to the differences in financial reporting regimes is found and thus, it is reasonable to assert that the culture of financial reporting, to some extent, informs the nature of voluntary non-financial reporting. However, perhaps owing to the short time frame of the investigation, evidence of financial rewards from being environmentally effective or through providing CER is not found. The findings from this research will be of interest to preparers and users of corporate environmental reports as well as to policymakers, particularly in terms of enabling them to assess the quality of reporting and its level of fit with their expectations. Moreover, they also shed light on the link between environmental performance, as manifested in carbon emissions, and what is reported.
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Drabo, Alassane. "Health, environment and economic development." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10376/document.
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Cette thèse étudie théoriquement et empiriquement les interrelations entre la santé de la population, la dégradation de l'environnement et le développement économique, ses conséquences pour les pays en développement, et fournit certaines réponses en termes de politique économique. Elle est subdivisée en deux parties. La première partie s’intéresse à la relation entre l’environnement, la santé, et les inégalités. Elle analyse dans un premier temps l’hypothèse selon laquelle la dégradation de l'environnement pourrait être considérée comme un canal supplémentaire par lequel les inégalités de revenu affectent les taux de mortalité infantile et juvénile (chapitre 2). Nos travaux théoriques et empiriques montrent que les inégalités de revenu affectent négativement la qualité de l'air et de l'eau, et cela à son tour dégrade la santé de la population. Par conséquent, la dégradation de l'environnement peut être considérée comme un canal non négligeable à travers lequel les inégalités de revenu influence l’état de santé. Il est ensuite démontré que les émissions de dioxyde de soufre (SO2) et celles des micro-Particules (PM10) sont en partie responsables des grandes disparités dans la mortalité infantile et juvénile au sein des pays pauvres (chapitre 3) .En outre, nos résultats soutiennent l’idée selon laquelle les institutions démocratiques jouent un rôle de protection sociale en atténuant cet effet pour les classes de revenu les plus pauvres et ainsi réduisent les inégalités de santé provoquées par la pollution. La deuxième partie évalue le lien entre la santé, l'environnement et la croissance économique. Le Chapitre 4 évalue l'effet de la santé (charge globale de la maladie, maladies transmissibles et paludisme) sur la croissance économique. Ce chapitre montre que les indicateurs de santé, lorsqu'ils sont correctement mesurés par l'écart entre l'état de santé actuel et une situation de santé idéal où toute la population vit à un âge avancé, indemne de maladie et d'invalidité, et lorsqu’ils sont convenablement instrumentés, ont un impact négatif significatif sur la performance économique. Les conséquences de ces interactions sur la convergence économique des pays pauvres vers leur état régulier, sont théoriquement et empiriquement analysées dans le dernier chapitre. Il en ressort que la dégradation de l'environnement réduit la capacité des pays pauvres d'atteindre leur état régulier, renforçant ainsi notre argument théorique selon lequel l’amélioration de la qualité de l'environnement joue un rôle considérable dans le processus de convergence économique. En outre, la dégradation de la qualité de l'air et de l'eau affecte négativement la performance économique, et l'état de santé demeure un canal important par lequel la dégradation de l'environnement agit sur la croissance économique même si elle n'est pas le seul. L’hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets (EKC) est également vérifiéeThis dissertation investigates theoretically and empirically the interrelationships among population’s health,environmental degradation and economic development, its consequences for developing countries, and someeffective policy responses. The first part explores the association between health, environment, and inequalities. Itfirstly analyzes whether environmental degradation could be considered as an additional channel through whichincome inequality affects infant and child mortality (chapter 2). Theoretical and empirical investigations show thatincome inequality affects negatively air and water quality, and this in turn worsens population’s health. Therefore,environmental degradation is an important channel through which income inequality affects population health. Then,it is shown that sulphur dioxide emission (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) are in part responsible for the largedisparities in infant and child mortalities between and within developing countries (chapter 3). In addition, we foundthat democratic institutions play the role of social protection by mitigating this effect for the poorest income classesand reducing the health inequality it provokes. The second part is devoted to the link among health, environment,and economic growth. The effect of health (global burden of disease, communicable disease, and malaria) oneconomic growth is assessed in Chapter 4. This chapter shows that health indicators, when correctly measured by thegap between current health status and an ideal health situation where the entire population lives to an advanced age,free of disease and disability, and when accurately instrumented have significant impact on economic performance.The consequences of these interrelationships on the convergence of poor countries towards their steady state aretheoretically and empirically investigated in the last Chapter (chapter 5). It is found that environment degradationreduces the ability of poor countries to reach their own steady state, reinforcing our argument according to whichenvironment quality improvement plays a considerable role in economic convergence process. Moreover, thedegradation of air and water quality affects negatively economic performance, and health status remains an importantchannel through which environment degradation affects economic growth even if it is not alone. The EnvironmentalKuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is also verified
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Wells, Gordon Marshall. "Controlling nonpoint pollution in Virginia's urbanizing areas: an institutional perspective." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101332.
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This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the institutional framework of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the implementation and enforcement of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control measures in the state's urbanizing areas. The institutional framework is developed primarily around the existing governmental framework. The federal, state and local roles are examined in terms of the relevant legislative and executive NPS control activities already taking place. The judicial function is considered in terms of constitutional guarantees of protection of private property and the potential for liability stemming from the implementation of structural and nonstructural best management practices (BMP's).
Three generic categories of BMP's are evaluated in light of this institutional environment: on-site BMP's, off-site BMP's and nonstructural BMP's. Where they are relevant, various subcategories of the institutional environment are examined: mechanisms and responsibility for financing and maintenance, managing future urban growth and mediating interjurisdictional arrangements. The introduction and first four chapters develop this material and the final chapter is an analysis of the existing state programs (the Erosion and Sediment Control Law and the State Water Control Board's voluntary Urban NPS Control and Abatement Program).
The product of this analysis is the conclusion that both state programs analyzed are weak due to a lack of state oversight. In addition, the Erosion and Sediment Control Program could be strengthened by amending the law to add a viable "stop work" order and by defining violations as being civil rather than criminal (misdemeanors) violations.M.S.
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Essilfie, Nomalanga V. "Enhancing employability of graduates from Higher Education Institutions in Botswana : a case study of Environmental Science." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46162.
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The main aim of this study was to explore and describe the circumstances on the ground concerning employability of Environmental Science (ES) graduates in Botswana and to provide evidence that would either confirm or refute claims that graduates in Botswana, in general, are not employable. The second aim of this study was to describe whose role it is to enhance the employability of graduates. Furthermore it was also the aim of this study to investigate whether or not employability audits could be used as a quality assurance mechanism to ensure the employability of graduates in Botswana. These issues were investigated using the contextual framework of employability which explains the quality of higher education in relation to employability of graduates. This research reports on the findings of a case study of the Environmental Science programme offered by the Department of Environmental Science at the University of Botswana which was conducted in June 2012. The study revealed and confirmed gaps among ES graduates in the knowledge, skills and competencies required for the world of work. As a result of these gaps, ES graduates were found not be immediately employable without further on the job training. This created a lot of discontent among employers interviewed. The study concluded that higher education should go beyond providing education for the general development and well-being of individuals and address issues related to employability of graduating students. Conflicts in the possible roles of higher education and industry in enhancing the employability of ES graduates in terms of the changing expectations of the world of work were identified. The study highlighted the possible role of employability audits in enhancing employability not only of ES graduates but all other graduates in Botswana. Furthermore the study recommended that employability audits should be introduced in the tertiary education system of Botswana as a quality assurance mechanism. It further recommended collaboration and partnership with industry as key to the success of any measures put in place for the enhancement of the employability of graduates in Botswana.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
PhD
Unrestricted
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Milea, Simona Aostacioae. "The differences in environmental quality of care for HIV/AIDS-infected children in Romanian institutions and group homes." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
Full textBooks on the topic "Institutional environment quality"
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An institutional basis for environmental stewardship: The structure and quality of property rights. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2003.
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Dynamic international regimes: Institutions for international environmental governance. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1994.
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Strel'nikov, Viktor, and Natal'ya Chernysheva. Environmental impact assessment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1017995.
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The training manual covers various aspects of environmental impact assessment. It is intended to formulate students studying in the field of "Ecology and Nature Management", an idea of the main types of impact on the components of the environment, the standards of environmental quality and criteria for assessing the state of its components. The basic concepts of environmental impact assessment on environmental components, environmental forecasting and modeling are analyzed.
For undergraduate students of higher educational institutions in the field of "Ecology and nature Management". It may be of particular interest to managers and employees of organizations whose activities are related to the focus "Ecology and nature management".
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1947-, Shalizi Zmarak, and World Bank, eds. World development report 2003: Sustainable development in a dynamic world : transforming institutions, growth, and quality of life. Oxford: World Bank, 2003.
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Management, Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental. The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management: Centenary, 1895-1995 : one hundred years of professional excellence. London: The Institution, 1995.
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Montana. Legislature. Office of the Legislative Auditor. Performance audit report: Air quality program, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences. Helena, Mont: The Office, 1994.
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Prokof'ev, Stanislav, Ekaterina Kameneva, Svetlana Solyannikova, Elena Didenko, Gul'nara Ruchkina, Natal'ya Sergeeva, Marina Abramova, et al. Ecosystem of universities: transformation of the Russian education system. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1901313.
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The relevance of the monograph is determined by changes in the surrounding reality, the development of the digital economy, which actively influences the formation and development of ecosystems of business, banking, public services, etc.; the need to determine the main trends in the development of the modern ecosystem of universities for the formation of in-demand graduates able to work in the special conditions of modern development of Russia, which determines the formation of a new educational environment, based on the challenges facing our country. All this will contribute to a deeper and more comprehensive study of the structure of the university ecosystem, understanding its features due to the realities of the digital space.
An overview of the features of the factors affecting the field of education, including the ecosystems already existing today in various spheres of the Russian economy, is presented. Proposals are made for the formation of a competence-based approach in the university environment in modern conditions. The main elements of the university ecosystem as a new model of the educational environment are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of the university ecosystem of personnel partnership and continuing education. The author's approaches to assessing the quality of education are proposed. The legislation is given as of July 1 , 2022 .
It may be of interest to heads of the education system, teachers of higher educational institutions, teachers, employees of organizations of additional professional education, graduate students, undergraduates and students of pedagogical and psychological educational institutions.
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Sidorenko, Oleg. Biological systems in the processing of secondary products and agricultural waste. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1102076.
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The manual describes technologies for processing secondary products and agricultural waste using macro-and micro-organisms. The regulations of modern biotechnologies of microbial synthesis, bioconversion of secondary raw materials are briefly presented, methods of its processing and characteristics of the obtained target products of bioconversion are described.
Practical classes introduce students to modern methods of improving environmental quality and production waste from commercial products (organic fertilizers, bacterial preparations, feed additives, etc.), as well as obtain the cheapest fuel and energy resources (biogas, alcohols, acids, liquid biofuels, etc.).
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions of technological specialties.
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Pogodina, Svetlana. The development of children's visual creativity under the influence of artistic standards within the framework of the concept of transformable aesthetic archetypes. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1857069.
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The monograph, based on many years of experimental research and analysis of scientific sources, analyzes psychological and pedagogical ideas in the field of children's productive activity and substantiates a new methodology for the development of visual creativity in preschool and primary school children in educational institutions of various types. The educational model of the development of children's visual creativity, proposed and substantiated by the author, creates favorable environmental and methodological conditions for the manifestation of creative initiative, stimulates imaginative thinking, eliminates artistic standards and stereotypes of perception of the world and its expressive display in creative activity, releases the primordial deep experience of imaginative perception of the world by a child and directs it to create a high-quality artistic product when with the help of expressive means mastered by the child during training. The grounded and tested scale of assessment of quality of development of children's fine art and pedagogical technology of development of children's fine art under the influence of artistic standards are presented.
For a wide range of readers interested in the upbringing and education of children.
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Gayvoronskiy, Konstantin, M. A. Nikolaeva, and tehnicheskih doktor. Labor protection in public catering and trade. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1817478.
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The textbook discusses the principles of safety, dangerous and harmful factors of the production environment and the labor process, the nature of their impact on the human body and the principles of rationing acceptable levels of exposure. The issues of ensuring the safety of service personnel during various technological processes and the operation of equipment at public catering and trade enterprises are highlighted. Information on labor legislation and the organization of labor protection work at enterprises is provided.
Complies with the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of educational institutions of secondary vocational education studying in the specialties 19.02.10 "Technology of public catering products (qualification of technician-technologist)", 38.02.05 "Commodity science and quality examination of consumer goods (qualification of commodity expert)", 38.02.04 "Commerce (by industry)". It can be used in the development of interdisciplinary courses included in the professional cycle of professions "Cook, pastry chef, baker, salesman, controller-cashier".
Book chapters on the topic "Institutional environment quality"
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Sánchez-Fernández, María Dolores, Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez, and Paula C. Remoaldo. "The Influence of Institutional Environment on Quality Management in Hotels." In Achieving Competitive Advantage through Quality Management, 279–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17251-4_18.
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Guccio, Calogero, Domenico Lisi, and Ilde Rizzo. "Institutional and Social Quality of Local Environment and Efficiency in Public Works Execution." In Global Public Procurement Theories and Practices, 199–212. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49280-3_11.
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Eaton, Judith S. "The Role of Quality Assurance and the Values of Higher Education." In The Promise of Higher Education, 181–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_28.
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AbstractQuality assurance, the internal and external examination of the effectiveness and performance of colleges and universities, has always played a crucial role in sustaining and improving the best of what higher education has done in the past in order to build the future. The “best” includes the core values of academic freedom, institutional autonomy and social responsibility. Quality assurance has a history of buttressing and, at times, leading our commitment to these fundamental values. In these early decades of the 21st century, quality assurance has been playing an especially vital role in sustaining core values as higher education takes on the challenges of change and innovation. Quality assurance plays this key role even as we adopt new teaching and learning practices, develop new types of institutions, engage new types of education providers and continue our commitment to expand access and equity in higher education. Add to this the current environment of both the Covid-19 pandemic and the major and painful focus on social change around issues of race and equality, and it is clear that quality assurance efforts are more important than ever.
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Fuchs, Doris A. "Determinants of environmental quality." In An Institutional Basis for Environmental Stewardship, 15–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0709-1_2.
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Belawati, Tian. "Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_87-1.
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AbstractDistance education (DE) has evolved over numerous generations, from correspondence study to the most recent online education, which is classified as open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). DE advances in line with technological advancements, and DE generations often correspond to the pre- and post-Internet eras. This classification also affects and prescribes the learning environment required to ensure the educational and learning process’ effectiveness.The pre-Internet period of DE was marked by a vast physical infrastructure, including a physical network of regional, local offices, and learning centers, as was widely implemented by distance teaching universities. Soft infrastructure, such as a digital learning environment, characterizes the ODDE in the Internet era. Despite the differences in ODDE infrastructure before and after the Internet, library services and a quality assurance system have always been essential components of the ODDE system. The global open movement has had an impact on ODDE practice, expanding learning resources beyond those generated by ODDE providers. The open education movement has given ODDE more supporting infrastructures, allowing it to become more powerful and cost-effective. Finally, the burgeoning metaverse appears to be destined to become the future ODDE platform, elevating ODDE practice to new heights. This chapter discusses some trends and debates about the nature of institutional infrastructure before and after the Internet era, a cross-generational supporting infrastructure related to quality assurance, as well as learning resources particularly those related to the open educational resources (OER) and open licenses, and some thoughts on the metaverse as an emerging trend in education.
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Belawati, Tian. "Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 677–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_87.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDistance education (DE) has evolved over numerous generations, from correspondence study to the most recent online education, which is classified as open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). DE advances in line with technological advancements, and DE generations often correspond to the pre- and post-Internet eras. This classification also affects and prescribes the learning environment required to ensure the educational and learning process’ effectiveness.The pre-Internet period of DE was marked by a vast physical infrastructure, including a physical network of regional, local offices, and learning centers, as was widely implemented by distance teaching universities. Soft infrastructure, such as a digital learning environment, characterizes the ODDE in the Internet era. Despite the differences in ODDE infrastructure before and after the Internet, library services and a quality assurance system have always been essential components of the ODDE system. The global open movement has had an impact on ODDE practice, expanding learning resources beyond those generated by ODDE providers. The open education movement has given ODDE more supporting infrastructures, allowing it to become more powerful and cost-effective. Finally, the burgeoning metaverse appears to be destined to become the future ODDE platform, elevating ODDE practice to new heights. This chapter discusses some trends and debates about the nature of institutional infrastructure before and after the Internet era, a cross-generational supporting infrastructure related to quality assurance, as well as learning resources particularly those related to the open educational resources (OER) and open licenses, and some thoughts on the metaverse as an emerging trend in education.
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Acheampong, Alex O., and Janet Dzator. "Managing Environmental Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Institutional Quality Matter?" In Handbook of Environmental Materials Management, 1–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58538-3_215-1.
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Balcerzak, Adam P., and Michał Bernard Pietrzak. "Human Development and Quality of Institutions in Highly Developed Countries." In Financial Environment and Business Development, 231–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39919-5_18.
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Zhang, Huiping, Pengji Wang, and Jacob Wood. "Does institutional quality matter for the nexus between environmental quality and economic growth?" In Business, Industry, and Trade in the Tropics, 33–52. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153580-3.
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Söderqvist, Tore. "The Costs of Meeting a Drinking Water Quality Standard: The Case of Atrazine in Italy." In Environmental Toxicology, Economics and Institutions, 151–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0968-0_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Institutional environment quality"
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He, Jinri, and Xinran Liu. "Institutional Environment, Ownership Structure and Accounting Earning Quality." In 2012 National Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/citcs.2012.177.
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Angelova, Dilyana. "THE SCHOOL – A SAFE ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN. STUDY OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS. QUALITY OF INTER-INSTITUTIONAL INTERACTION." In 15th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2022.1786.
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Odiegwu-Enwerem, Chuks O., and Uche Chuks-Enwerem. "Effective External Stakeholder Engagement: an Imperative for Effective Open and Distance Learning Delivery." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.804.
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The use of external stakeholders in an Open and Distance Learning environment is an operational necessity and a strong component of the ODL system, but it could also be the weakest link if not properly managed. The use of external stakeholders by organisations ensures quality assurance through content reviews and readily available resources at a minimum cost. Because most of the external stakeholders are individually unknown to the institutional administrators, this creates a gap in the ODL process within an institution. Institutions must evolve a robust, sustainable engagement process, a more formal means to understand the stakeholders - individual doubts and capabilities, their limitations, motivations as well as their conceptions and views of the learning method that they are engaged with. To bridge this gap and achieve inclusive engagement with the numerous external stakeholders this study will utilise survey method to seek to understand their unique expectations. The outcome of this study will hopefully enable institution’s managers and the internal experts/content creators to constantly manage their relationship with the external experts and hence construct more and effective engagement strategies and plans, and positive work environment for their diverse external stakeholders with attendant benefit for their students.
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Blagireva, Elena. "The Institutional Structure of Society and the Economic Environment as Factors of Quality Assurance of Competitive Products." In 2015 International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-15.2015.12.
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Zakharova, Svetlana, Piotr Walentynowicz, Sergey Tumanov, Tatyana Gladina, and Ruslan Kostrigin. "The impact of the pandemic on the territory development in terms of the quality of life of the youth environment." In Human resource management within the framework of realisation of national development goals and strategic objectives. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.eroz4700.
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The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the national development processes is under study. The article considers methods for assessing changes that affect the territory development prepared by Russian and Polish researchers. A comparative characteristic of methodological approaches is given. The discussion made it possible to establish that the result of the development of any territory, of course, should be considered in terms of changes in the quality of life of the population. In this regard, the methodology developed by Russian authors, which provides for the gradation of influencing factors by groups of influence, was taken as the basis. In total, four special interest groups on changes in the quality of life of the population were identified, such as factors associated with the population itself; business structure development factors; infrastructural factors, which are the responsibility of the municipalities; and institutional factors providing for the activities of public institutions. The study presented in the article is based on the sociological survey data among young population conducted on the basis of several universities in the two countries of Russia and Poland in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, since the youth student environment determines the potential for future development of territories. The main changes (positive and negative) in the assessments of the impact of various factors on the quality of life of the population caused by the Covid-19 pandemic have been established.
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Browning, Jason, Kathryn Guy, Margaret Lampazzi, and Catherine Daly. "An Evaluation of Human Performance with a Large Area Touchscreen in a Simulated Rotary Wing Environment." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17499.
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This paper presents results of a human machine interface (HMI) evaluation that examined representative flight deck tasks with a large area touchscreen installed in a ride quality simulator that replicated rotary wing vibration profiles. Touchscreens have made their way onto the flight deck of many fixed-wing aircraft and recently into rotary-wing cockpits as well. As such, there is a need to better understand how task performance is impacted by the unique vibratory environment encountered in helicopters. A large area touchscreen (LAD) was evaluated by 14 pilots conducting various touch tasks (target selection, data entry, swiping, long press and zoom), under three varying levels of vibration with and without flight gloves. Performance was assessed objectively (time to completion, touch accuracy, error rates) and subjectively (usability, musculoskeletal discomfort, and video footage). Design recommendations are made for display interface design, including target size, data entry and use of gestures. This study was reviewed and approved by an independent Institutional Review Board for the protection of human subjects.
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Maximova, S., D. Omelchenko, and O. Noyanzina. "Generalized Trust and Personal Security as the Factors for Assessing the Quality of the Institutional Environment and Threats to Social Security (Research Experience in the Altai Territory)." In International Scientific and Practical Conference on Education, Health and Human Wellbeing (ICEDER 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceder-19.2020.67.
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Suraeva, Maria. "INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN A HIGHER-EDUCATION SYSTEM." In Nacional`naia bezopasnost` Rossii: aktual`nye aspekty: sbornik izbrannyh statei Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferencii (Sankt-Peterburg, Mart 2020). ГНИИ "Нацразвитие", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb184.2020.70.28.004.
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Актуальность предложенной статьи обусловлена вопросами кардинального улучшения и расширения бизнес-среды, которые могут быть использованы университетами в процессе перехода с традиционной модели образования в инновационную модель. Приведение институционального влияния системы высшего образования в соответствие с требованиями к компетенциям специалистов, предъявляемыми предприятиями и организациями экономики и социальной сферы в условиях социально-экономической модернизации России, будет способствовать совершенствованию системы управления высшими учебными заведениями, повышению качества образовательных услуг и конкурентоспособности вуза на отечественном и мировом рынке высшего образования.The relevance of the proposed article is due to the issues of massive improvement and expansion of the business environment that universities can use in the process of transition from the traditional model of education to the innovative model. Bringing the institutional impact of the higher education system in line with the requirements for the competencies of specialists imposed by enterprises and organizations of the economy and social sphere in the context of socio-economic modernization of Russia will contribute to improving the management system of higher educational institutions, improving the quality of educational services and the competitiveness of universities in the domestic and world higher education market.
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Naik, Neelima S. "Approaches to Urban Noise Management in India." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1355.
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Noise pollution in urban areas is recognized as a major environmental concern in India. The lack of infrastructure and fast paced life in major metropolitan cities of India has made the urban environment extremely crowded, busy as well as noisy and as a result the millions of people living in the major metropolitan areas are suffering from the impacts of noise pollution. Noise levels are escalating at such a rate that it has become a major threat to the quality of human lives. Direct links between noise and health have been established by research conducted over the past few decades. There are several causes for urban degradation such as population migration, environmental considerations not adequately being incorporated into master plans, uncoordinated and haphazard development, weak implementation of plans and laws and inadequate institutional competences and resource crunch. This paper discusses the causal factors, impacts and the different approaches adopted by the Central Government as well as some major State Pollution Control Boards to curb the urban noise problem and the need for looking into non-conventional solutions such as Ecocity programme to bring in visible environmental improvement.
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Ferrer, Nicole, Marie Monique Paivab, and Vilma Villaroucob. "Homes for the Elderly: Environmental Adequacy Versus Costs to Use." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001334.
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Seeking to establish relations between the existing theory and practice of the production of more conducive environments to the elderly, whether they are institutionalized or not, many theories have been proposed. As such, this paper aims to evaluate the interdependence of quality and environmental adaptation system management of financial resources in Long-term Stay Institutions for the Elderly. The question here is if the quality of the physical spaces is actually a direct reflection of financial contributions, thereby ensuring the ambience and spatial quality in such institutions. The research aims to evaluate the physical environment through the Ergonomic Methodology of the Built Environment (VILLAROUCO, 2009) in four institutions – one public, two private and one with a mixed source of funds, all located in Northeastern Brazil. The intent of the analysis of the built environment is to highlight any non-compliance with existing laws for Long-term Stay Institutions for the Elderly, which would jeopardize the safety and well-being of elderly residents. Thus, it allows checking the implications financial and administrative aspects have on the quality and ambience of physical spaces and the observation of the importance of these factors for the quality of the built environment.
Reports on the topic "Institutional environment quality"
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Ahmad, Ehtisham, and Hans van Rijn. The Role of Local Governments in Driving High-Quality Growth in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200400-2.
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Over the past 25 years, the People’s Republic of China has gone through a long period of remarkable growth, lifting millions of people out of poverty. But this focus on growth has come at a cost, particularly in terms of environmental degradation, increasing socioeconomic and spatial inequalities, and the building up of fiscal liabilities at the local government level. Under the High-Quality Growth agenda, the People’s Republic of China seeks to rebalance the economy by addressing those negative side effects, and local governments will have a key role to play in the implementation of that agenda. In this paper, some critical aspects of the fiscal and institutional environment in which local governments operate are analyzed, and proposals are offered for the strengthening of local government finances.
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Braun, Lindsay, Jesus Barajas, Bumsoo Lee, Rebecca Martin, Rafsun Mashraky, Shubhangi Rathor, and Manika Shrivastava. Construction of Pedestrian Infrastructure along Transit Corridors. Illinois Center for Transportation, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-004.
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The availability and quality of pedestrian infrastructure play key roles in enabling access to transit. Many transit operators face challenges in facilitating this access, however, because they lack land use authority and encounter other institutional and programmatic impediments to effecting changes in the pedestrian environment. This report identifies the barriers to pedestrian access to transit in suburban communities located in the Pace Suburban Bus service area in northeastern Illinois and suggests potential solutions to overcome these barriers. The research team led several activities to collect data, including: conducting an academic literature review; reviewing pedestrian plans, policies, and programs in the region; surveying and interviewing key stakeholders; reviewing pedestrian funding sources; surveying and conducting case studies of peer transit agencies; conducting physical audits of pedestrian infrastructure; and interviewing residents of six municipalities about their transit access experiences. Lack of adequate funding, difficulties planning across jurisdictional boundaries, and conflicts in transportation priorities are major impediments to building pedestrian infrastructure. While planners and decision-makers tend to value pedestrian planning, challenges such as funding constraints and the need to retrofit suburban infrastructure are key barriers to implementation. Peer transit agencies face similar barriers to Pace and use strategies such as plan and policy development, diverse funding opportunities, and collaborative partnerships with stakeholder agencies and advocacy groups to overcome these barriers. Transit riders generally reported positive experiences with pedestrian access to transit in their communities. Many locations had robust infrastructure, but common deficiencies included poor sidewalk connectivity, incomplete crossings, lack of lighting and transit shelters, and deficiencies in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) infrastructure. A suite of policy recommendations for Pace and other partners that focus on planning, policy, funding, interagency coordination, education and training, infrastructure prioritization, and transit amenities address the full range of physical and institutional barriers identified in the research.
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Voloshynov, Serhii A., Halyna V. Popova, Alona Y. Yurzhenko, and Ekaterina O. Shmeltser. The use of digital escape room in educational electronic environment of maritime higher education institutions. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3869.
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The paper is tended to investigate the gamification activities use in educational electronic environment of maritime higher education institutions. Gamification methods with examples are described (gamification testing, QR Code quest, storytelling and escape room). Comparative characteristic of traditional learning and learning using gamification in educational electronic environment is given in the article according to different criteria: the place and role of teacher or students in the learning process; type of information communication; methods of training; equipment; level of freedom of the actions; presence of the problems in educational process; level of its control and learning outcomes. The paper also presents examples of gamification activities based on escape room quest to form communicative competency of future maritime professionals. Escape room activity presented in the article contains storytelling element, crossword and electronic testing questions of different types. Question types listed in the paper are Drag and drop to the text, Short answer and Multiple choice. Escape room activity was done by second year cadets of Kherson State Maritime Academy. According to the received results, knowledge quality increased by 10% and success by 20%. Further investigation of gamification activities can also be done for learning system of maritime higher education institutions using simulation technologies of virtual, augmented and mixed realities.
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Ruff, Grigory, and Tatyana Sidorina. THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF ENGINEERING CREATIVITY IN STUDENTS OF MILITARY INSTITUTIONS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/model_of_engineering_creativity.
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The troops of the national guard of the Russian Federation are equipped with modern models of weapons, special equipment, Informatization tools, engineering weapons that have artificial intelligence in their composition are being developed, " etc., which causes an increase in the requirements for the quality of professional training of future officers. The increasing complexity of military professional activities, the avalanche-like increase in information, the need to develop the ability to quickly and accurately make and implement well-known and own engineering solutions in an unpredictable military environment demonstrates that the most important tasks of modern higher education are not only providing graduates with a system of fundamental and special knowledge and skills, but also developing their professional independence, and this led to the concept of engineering and creative potential in the list of professionally important qualities of an officer. To expedite a special mechanism system compact intense clarity through cognitive visualization of the educational material, thickening of educational knowledge through encoding, consolidation and structuring Principle of cognitive visualization stems from the psychological laws in accordance with which the efficiency of absorption is increased if visibility in training does not only illustrative, but also cognitive function, which leads to active inclusion, along with the left and right hemispheres of the student in the process of assimilation of information, based on the use of logical and semantic modeling, which contributes to the development of engineering and creative potential.
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Lytvynova, Svitlana H. Хмаро орієнтоване навчальне середовище загальноосвітнього навчального закладу. [б. в.], August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2451.
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Research goals: to outline the state of secondary education to implement a cloud-oriented learning environment (COLE), establishing research objectives: to determine the readiness of students to the introduction of COLE, to develop a conceptual framework of cooperation in COLE at the level of the institution, identify the actors interact COLE. The object of research supports the learning environment secondary schools; subject – a cloud-oriented learning environment of secondary schools. Research methods used: analysis of statistics and publications. Experimental research and conducted in secondary schools Obolon district of Kyiv. Intermediate results: the architecture of COLE 44 secondary schools of the district, introduced more than 10 thousand accounts established electronic interaction between teachers and students by e-mail Outlook. Currently under development cloud storage (SkyDrive) training materials teachers practiced the skills of teamwork and planning tools calendars. The main conclusions and recommendations. Implementation of COLE at secondary schools provides endless opportunities both teacher and student, in fact created conditions for innovation and learning. Without a doubt we can say that for the future of Honshu, for full use must have a quality Internet, motivated teachers. For subjects of the educational process, the conditions of access to learning materials anywhere, anytime, and it activates the cognitive and creative activity of students that will improve key indicators of learning.
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Liera, Carla, Mónica García, Kim Andersson, and Elisabeth Kvarnström. Combining sewered and non-sewered sanitation in Montero, Bolivia: scaling up sustainably. Stockholm Environment Institute, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.007.
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The city of Montero, through the cooperative utility COSMOL, has successfully implemented on-site sanitation services for part of its population, in parallel to sewer-based services. However, additional solutions, capacity development and strengthening of governance systems are needed to allow for increased sustainability, for both the sewered and non-sewered sanitation services in the city. Technical improvements are still needed in wastewater and excreta management and treatment, to reduce health and environmental impacts. However, optimizing the existing sanitation systems could increase environmental, health and hygiene sustainability. Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) have the potential to reduce environmental impact the most, once optimized and if urine and faeces are collected and treated for reuse. Local farmers have expressed demand for sanitation reuse products, as long as low price and quality can be guaranteed. From a household perspective, demand exists for high levels of service and maintenance by providers, no matter the type of system, to ensure simple maintenance by users. But the sanitation system still needs to be affordable, match cleanliness expectations, and remain free of odours, mosquitos and rodents. Upscaling on-site sanitation systems depends strongly on the support of the public institutions and resources available, including legal, economic and technical resources, as well as having a long-term vision.
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.
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Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.
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The PLHA-friendly achievement checklist: A self-assessment tool for hospitals and other medical institutions caring for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2003.1005.
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The Population Council/Horizons (New Delhi and Washington, DC) and the Society for Service to Urban Poverty (New Delhi) are conducting an operations research study in three New Delhi hospitals. The study, entitled “Improving the hospital environment for HIV-positive clients in India,” is endorsed by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) of India. The main objective is to assess factors that affect the quality and type of care received by the general patient population, with special emphasis on patients with HIV. Another objective is to assess and address factors that affect staff safety with respect to infectious diseases. As part of the study, a practical checklist was developed that can be used by managers and others to identify institutional strengths, pinpoint problems, and set goals for improvement of services for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) and staff safety. The PLHA-friendly Achievement Checklist is intended as a self-assessment tool for managers to use in gauging how well their facility reaches, serves, and treats HIV-positive patients. NACO plans to distribute the checklist to all government medical facilities throughout India.
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Rethinking the global microscope for financial inclusion: 2021 key findings report. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003957.
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The Global Microscope is a benchmarking index that has assessed the enabling environment for financial inclusion across 55 countries since 2007. This year, the Economist Impact team conducted an assessment of the index's existing data (2007-20) to understand the relationship between key financial inclusion enablers (i.e. policies, regulation and infrastructure) and financial inclusion outcomes. This report discusses the policies that have driven change, the priorities to keep in mind for the future, the tools that will help achieve these goals and the unique ways these priorities and tools apply across different parts of the financial system. Below we summarize our key findings: - A higher overall Global Microscope score showed a positive relationship with the number of accounts with formal financial institutions and mobile money providers among the population. - The Infrastructure domain had the strongest relation to account ownership, documenting the positive effects on inclusion from policies facilitating the expansion of payment systems, strong digital identification regimes, widespread connectivity, and robust credit information systems. The other four domains are Government and Policy Support, Stability and Integrity, Products and Outlets, and Consumer Protection. - Consumer Protection was also positively linked to the prevalence of bank accounts, underscoring the importance of measures to ensure that financial consumers are treated fairly across the range of distribution channels and products. - The magnitude and quality of regulatory implementation significantly impacts financial inclusion. Larger regulatory improvements were associated with increasingly larger gains in account ownership. * The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IDB, its Board of Directors or the countries they represent, nor of the MIF Donors Committee or the countries it represents.