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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Institutional credit

Academic literature on the topic 'Institutional credit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Institutional credit"

1

Elidrissi, Anas Moussaid. "Predicting Countries Credit Ratings with Institutional Performance." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.2.21.

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In order to widen the vision and to visualize the impact of the institutions on not only economic growth as traditionally used but also on the Credit Ratings of countries, this experiment studies the correlation between these two attributes. In this paper, I show how we can find the relationship between the credit ratings of countries and the performance of their institutions. In this study, I used a data set of countries and indicators of their performance on institutional indicators, such as property rights, judicial effectiveness ...etc. And I conclude at the end that there is a strong correlation between an effective institution and a higher rating in credits report that is done by the major firms in this area. Also, I mention the limitation of this experiment in the matter of credibility.

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Hossain, Md Anowar, Brazendra Nath Roy, Md Ali Hasan, and Md Shahadat Hossain. "Fostering Entrepreneurial Growth: The Impact of Institutional Credits." International Journal of Science and Business 32, no. 1 (2024): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.58970/ijsb.2295.

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This study is an attempt to find the role played by institutional credit for entrepreneurial growth in Bangladesh. Study is forwarded with 261 actual entrepreneurs selected on purposive convenience simple sampling method. Collected data is analyzed using SPSS 18 and the result is depicted through descriptive tools and Pearson correlations. The study found positive impact of institutional credit support to entrepreneurship development. The study covers actual data from entrepreneurs and analyzed data irrespective of gender and difference of geographical diversity. Amount of credit or portion of credit in total capital have influence on the profitability and the study suggest a ceiling on using credit for entrepreneurial profit. Still fostering of entrepreneurial development may further be triggered by monitoring of credit activities by financial institutions. This study infers some useful insights for potential entrepreneurs, management of credit institutions and policy maker including future researchers. The study is concluded suggesting efficient monitoring of credit activities by financial institutions that can be ensured by concerned authority.

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Chуіpesh, Nataliіa, and Yuriі Belinskyi. "INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CREDIT MARKET." Problems and prospects of economics and management, no. 4(36) (2023): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2023-4(36)-352-364.

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Institutional support for innovative development of the credit market is an important object of research, within the framework of which the search for effective methods, means and tools is carried out to improve the efficiency of its functioning. Analyzing the activities of the credit market, it can be noted that low efficiency of its work is largely determined by the imperfection of institutional support for the process of introducing innovative credit services.The purpose of the article is to study institutional support for innovative development of the credit market and determine their influence on the credit market development in Ukraine, which is necessary for understanding the interaction of credit market institutions, identifying factors that pro-mote or inhibit innovation and developing a strategy for creating a favorable innovation environment.Within the article, subjects of institutional support for innovative development of the credit market are studied. Considerable attention is paid to participants in the credit market in the field of innovative development, as well as to the regulatory legal acts that guide institutions in their methods of influence and regulation in the credit market, and functions of institutions are defined. Government institutions (the Na-tional Bank of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, Ministry of Economy of Ukraine, National Securities and Stock Market Commission, Individual Deposit Guarantee Fund, Anti-monopoly Committee of Ukraine) were selected as subjects of institutional support for innovative develop-ment of the credit market. state institutions providing support for innovative activities (State Innovative Financial and Credit Institution), credit infrastructure institutions (banking and non-banking institutions, credit history bureaus, collection companies, rating agencies, credit brokers), fintech companies, educa-tional institutions (universities, scientific centers), innovative institutions (laboratories, technology parks, industrial parks, business incubators, technological hubs).The study of the influence of the above-mentioned subjects of institutional support for innovative development has become an important tool for understanding the interaction between government regulators of the credit market, credit institutions, educational institutions, innovative institutions, and fintech companies

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Jain, Pankaj K., and Qin Wang. "Credit-Rating Changes and Institutional Trading." Journal of Trading 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jot.2012.8.1.038.

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Butler, Alexander W., and Larry Fauver. "Institutional Environment and Sovereign Credit Ratings." Financial Management 35, no. 3 (September 2006): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053x.2006.tb00147.x.

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Farooqi, Javeria, Surendranath Jory, and Thanh Ngo. "Institutional investors’ activism and credit ratings." Journal of Economics and Finance 41, no. 1 (August 11, 2015): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12197-015-9332-8.

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P, SHIVASWAMY G., RAGHAVENDRA K. J, ANUJA A. R, K. N. SINGH, RAJESH T, and HARISH KUMAR H. V. "Impact of institutional credit on agricultural productivity in India: A time series analysis." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i2.99033.

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The institutional credit has always been perceived as a critical factor for agricultural development in India through complementing working capital, easing liquidity and investment constraints. The present study has examined the trends and regional variations in institutional credit flow to agriculture in India for the period 1991–92 to 2016–17 using compound annual growth rate. Further, impact of institutional credit on agricultural productivity was also assessed using panel data regression. The study is based on the secondary data collected from various published sources. Results indicated that institutional credit to agriculture in real terms has registered a significant positive growth during the past four decades and the highest annual growth was observed during 2001–02 to 2010–11. Scheduled commercial banks have emerged as the dominant source of agricultural credit. However, cooperative banks are still the major sources of production credit. Regional analysis showed that southern states had access to highest production and investment credit per hectare, while eastern and northeastern states had the least credit outreach per hectare. Panel data regression model testified that institutional credit has a significant and positive impact on agricultural productivity. Therefore, the study has suggested for better access to credit of smallholders especially in eastern, western and north eastern states through simplification of procedures.

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Ahsan, Mohammad Kamrul. "An Analysis of Institutional Credit Pattern of Women Entrepreneurs." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i1.344.

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This is an analytical paper. The aim of this paper is to find out which patterns of credit are frequently used by the women entrepreneurs. The result of this pepper will help the policy makers of financial institutions to decorate their schemes, especially for the women entrepreneurs. The researcher has used simple percentage analysis and graph to present the information with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007. The major findings of this paper are most of the women entrepreneurs are pleased to use institutional credit and they prefer private bank to get their credit. Most of them prefer to withdraw three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand taka as credit, interest rare nine percent to eleven percent, credit period two years to five years, installment monthly and the preferable monthly amount is five thousand to ten thousand taka.

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Haque, Z., and T. Jinan. "Land Tenure and Credit - a Study in Selected Areas of Mymensingh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i2.39027.

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The present study aims at investigating into the existing land tenure system and its relationship with credit at Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh district. Keeping in view the objectives, 70 samples were randomly selected. The respondents have taken loan from institutional, semi institutional and non-institutional sources of credit for producing crops. The study reveals that the absentee land owner and part operator in the area have got more access to institutional sources of credit because of their ability to offer land as security. Tenants on the other hand were found to have no loan at all from the BKB because of their inability to offer collateral against loan. The tenant farmers however, were found to have access to semi institutional sources like GB and BRAC. The respondents therefore, need not be so dependent at present on money lenders and non-institutional sources of credit because of institutional and semi-institutional network present close to the study area. A lion’s share of loaned money obtained has been productively utilized by the sampled respondents irrespective of tenure categories implying the borrower’s positive attitudes towards productive utilization.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 143-150 2017

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Castro, Vítor, and Rodrigo Martins. "Political and Institutional Determinants of Credit Booms." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 81, no. 5 (December 31, 2018): 1144–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obes.12290.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Institutional credit"

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Jia, Xiangping. "Credit rationing and institutional constraint evidence from rural China." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990036154/04.

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Buechel, Kathryn Jean. "Institutional Adaptation and Public Policy Practices of Military Transfer Credit." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96791.

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Veterans who served our country, return with a wealth of experience that transfer into military credit for prior service. These transfer credits in institutions of higher education apply towards education degree attainment. With colleges and universities implementing individual policies for acceptance of credits, veterans experience a loss of credits leading to a duplication of required classes to achieve degrees. To understand inconsistent practices, both federal and institutions of higher education polices are examined. Framed by institutionalization theory, this research sheds light on the public policy process and administration of credit at the organization over time. The study provides findings for how the largest public college and higher education institution in the state of California awards academic credit for military education. Evidence suggests that public higher education institutions adapt based on effective leaders who define and defend the organization's institutional values and mission. This study provides findings on institutional adaptations to create policies and practices that public administrators use to apply transfer military credit into postsecondary academic credit. The focus is on postsecondary credit transferred, or articulated, by entering military first-year students using the GI Bill. The study asks how have major institutions of higher education formalized institutional policies and practices on awarding academic credit for military education?
Doctor of Philosophy
This study provides findings on institutional adaptations to create policies and practices that public administrators use to apply transfer military credit into postsecondary academic credit. The focus is on postsecondary credit transferred, or articulated, by entering military first-year students using the GI Bill. The study asks how have major institutions of higher education formalized institutional policies and practices on awarding academic credit for military education?

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Chatterjee, Sumon. "Small borrowers need and the credit market: a study of formal and informal market borrowing in the district of Darjeeling, West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2021. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4362.

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Webster, Christopher J. "Small farmer participation in the institutional credit market : a Thai case study." Thesis, University of Hull, 1985. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8531.

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The central task of this thesis is to understand why the institutional credit disbursed by rural credit programmes (RCPs) in developing countries tends to by-pass the small farmers to whom it is frequently directed. In undertaking this task, a number of secondary research objectives are pursued, notably, the measurement of credit demand and the investigation of credit-rationing procedures. The case for RCPs is discussed and selected aspects of programme performance examined. The problem of large-farmer bias is identified and several possible explanations drawn from the literature, which relate broadly to demand-side (borrower) behaviour and supply-side (lender) behaviour. The importance of these various explanations is examined in the context of a case study of farmers in N.E. Thailand. By constructing a series of linear programming (LP) models of representative farms, short-term credit demand is derived and the scarcity value of credit is found to be high for independent farmers (those not participating in the RCP). Questionnaire responses support a positive interpretation of the LP results (independent farmers face a credit-supply shortage) and provide additional evidence that the tendency of small farmers not to borrow from institutions cannot be explained by lack of demand. Demand schedules are constructed to quantify some of the income disadvantages facing farmers who have no access to institutional credit. The behaviour of the major lending institution in the study area is then explored in greater detail by investigating the possibilities for non-price credit rationing. Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) is employed firstly to identify the precise criteria by which small farmers are excluded from the institution's loan portfolio,· and secondly, to estimate the population total of independent farmers in the survey area excluded by these criteria. The number is high, indicating that lender behaviour is a major barrier to small farmer institutional borrowing. Income schedules from the MDA and LP analyses are brought together to show that some relaxation of the current rationing criteria would allow more small farmers access to rural credit without necessarily jeopardising the lender's commercial viability.

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Hadjixenophontos, Andreas. "The institutional structure and economic rationale of co-operative organisation in Cyprus." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2860/.

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This thesis presents an examination of the role of co-operatives in the economic development of pre-independent Cyprus and also in the economic reconstruction effort following the war events of 1974. The provision of credit is a key element of the contribution made by the co-operative movement during these two different phases of the island's modern economic history; first agricultural credit and then housing credit. Government involvement is treated as a very important variable in the co-operative function and various types of such involvement are examined in the course of the thesis, ranging from zero to maximum government input. This maximum type relates to a situation where the initiation, financing and control of co-operatives are tightly in the hands of state agents. In this respect various aspects of institutional theory are applied in order to explain empirical findings. Another important variable of the co-operative function relates to political party involvement. Existing beliefs about the ill-effects of politicisation are put to the test using highly sensitive empirical evidence from Cyprus, available to the author only due to his special relationship with the co-operative movement. The effects of such politicisation are also studied in relation to member participation.

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Ridley, Michael Antony. "Joint implementation in the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Second Sulphur Protocol : an empirical and institutional analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264188.

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Einig, Sandra Elisabeth. "Financial managers', institutional investors' and other interested parties' perception of credit rating agencies and rating quality." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494772.

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By providing an independent evaluation of the probability of default, Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) play an important role in the functioning of credit markets for a wide range of stakeholder groups. However, the recent turmoil in the international financial markets following the subprime crisis in the US has once again raised questions about the ability of CRAs to meet market needs. This thesis elicits and compares the views of key market participants concerning issues of ratings quality. Specifically, this thesis reports the results of interviewbased research with key market participants, and constructs a measurement instrument to capture ratings quality provided by CRAs. A questionnaire survey is administered to four stakeholder groups in public debt markets: issuers; non-issuing financial managers; institutional investors; and other interested parties. The theoretical model is developed using the extant quality literature which has informed analysis of other gatekeepers such as auditors. The ratings quality model is then extended to a full structural equation model to identify how those ratings quality factors identified in the measurement model affect the issuers' commitment to their CRAs and ultimately their intention to continue the business relationships with their CRAs. This research is the first systematic empirical study of debt market participants' perceptions of CRAs and provides a first step in defining ratings quality and identifying its different characteristics. This study is also the first of its kind to be conducted in a non-US setting and thus provides valuable insights at a time when European regulators are showing an increased interest in the concept of ratings quality.

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Mahdi, Ilara R. E. "Access to credit, indebtedness and debt refinancing amongst microenterprises in Freetown, Sierra Leone : an institutional approach." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23648/.

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Gitonga, Loise. "Financial inclusion: A look at the institutional and credit organisational enablers in the South African market." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28998.

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To serve the underserved markets successfully companies have to re-evaluate their strategies and approach towards the poor; this is also true for financial institutions and governments seeking to address financial exclusion or looking to fully bank the under banked in their economies. This study examines the regulatory enablers put in place by the South African government; the organisational enablers in form of financial institutions; and the products or services these institutions offer the under banked or unbanked in the society. In examining the products and services offered four factors were taken into consideration i.e. availability, acceptability, affordability and target market awareness of the product. The study was carried out using a deductive qualitative approach; the hypothesis was 'some of the macro and micro enablers required when seeking to serve the underserved are missing in South Africa'. From our analysis; there are very specific positive steps being taken to enhance the macro environment. Hopefully as these undertakings are established the micro-environment will improve. Such improvements are expected to include; increase in strong, reliable national players serving the underserved; increase in providers of good and safe services for the underserved and enhanced awareness among consumers on the products available for them.

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Saint-Macary, Camille [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Zeller. "Microeconomic impacts of institutional transformation in Vietnam's Northern uplands : empirical studies on social capital, land and credit institutions / Camille Saint-Macary. Betreuer: Manfred Zeller." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042992177/34.

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Books on the topic "Institutional credit"

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Braverman, Avishay. Institutional aspects of credit cooperatives. [Washington, DC]: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1988.

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Pany, Raj Kishor. Institutional credit for agriculture in India. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, 1985.

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Agricultural indebtedness and institutional finance. New Delhi, India: Ashish, 1985.

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Desai, B. M. Institutional finance for agriculture. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1991.

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P, Singh J. Role of institutional finance in agriculture. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, 1986.

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Singh, Gurdev. Institutional finance in rural India: Efficiency and efficacy. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1988.

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Institute of Economic Growth (India), ed. Institutional credit to Indian agriculture: Defaults and policy options. Delhi: NABARD Chair Unit, Institute of Economic Growth, 2000.

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Mahalingam, S. Institutional finance for development of tribal economy. New Delhi: Vikas Pub. House, 1995.

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Webster, Christopher J. Rural development policy analysis: Institutional credit in Thailand. Cardiff: UWIST. Dept. of Town Planning, 1985.

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Desai, B. M. Institutional finance for agricultural development: An analytical survey of critical issues. Washington, D.C: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Institutional credit"

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Pepper, Gordon. "Institutional Flow of Funds." In Money, Credit and Asset Prices, 29–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230375932_4.

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Muralidharan, T. "Strengthening the institutional mechanism of agricultural credit." In Agricultural Sector in India, 291–310. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003434672-23.

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Abad, Pilar, Antonio Díaz, Ana Escribano, and M. Dolores Robles. "Institutional Versus Retail Investors’ Behavior Around Credit Rating News." In New Methods in Fixed Income Modeling, 241–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95285-7_14.

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Ribeiro, Nuno. "Debt Growth: Factors, Institutional Issues and Implications—The Portuguese Case." In Rapid Credit Growth in Central and Eastern Europe, 296–311. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137001542_18.

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Gualandri, Elisabetta, and Valeria Venturelli. "The Financing of Italian Firms and the Credit Crunch: Findings and Exit Strategies." In Financial Systems, Markets and Institutional Changes, 80–109. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137413598_5.

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Polzin, Christine. "Institutional Change in Informal Credit: Through the Urban–Rural Lens." In Exploring Urban Change in South Asia, 229–50. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2431-0_9.

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Clemens, Gabriele B., and Daniel Reupke. "Challenging the Institutional Revolution of Credit Markets in the Nineteenth Century." In Financing in Europe, 269–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58493-5_11.

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Galli, Emma, Danilo V. Mascia, and Stefania P. S. Rossi. "Legal-Institutional Environment, Social Capital and the Cost of Bank Financing for SMEs: Evidence from the Euro Area." In Access to Bank Credit and SME Financing, 59–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41363-1_3.

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Nyberg, Klas. "The institutional setting of the luxury trades in eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Stockholm." In Luxury, Fashion and the Early Modern Idea of Credit, 79–96. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429318979-9.

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Raju, Deepa, and A. Thillai Rajan. "SME Performance and Access to Export Markets: The Role of Institutional Credit." In Entrepreneurship and Development in South Asia: Longitudinal Narratives, 263–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6298-8_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Institutional credit"

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Xu, Xue-Xia, Yun-Piao Li, and Yao-Yu Hong. "Research of Institutional Environment, Enterprise Market Position and Commercial Credit." In Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Management, Economics and Social Development (ICMESD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmesd-19.2019.30.

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Egorova, Natalia, and Yekaterina Koroleva. "ASSESSMENT OF NEEDS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN CREDIT AND INVESTMENT RESOURCES." In Theory and Practice of Institutional Reforms in Russia [Text]: Collection of Scientific Works. CEMI RAS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33276/978-5-8211-0779-4-46-51.

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Yermolaev, Konstantin Nikolaevich, and Farrukh Fatoevich Salamov. "INVESTMENT LENDING AS THE BASIS FOR THE BREAKTHROUGH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN RUSSIA." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-780/783.

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the article is devoted to the disclosure of the essence and role of investment and credit support for the breakthrough economic development of Russia on the basis of the transition to the 6th technological system, the formation of an integral world economic order, the creation of an institutional system of advanced development and financial incentives

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Radulovic, Ana. "FINANCIAL CRISES AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ECONOMY." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.99.

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Economic structures are a major cause of long-term growth or stagnation. Different economic structures have different ranges of structural learning, innovation, and different effects on income distribution, which are key determinants of economic performance. Through theory about economic structures it is explained why institutions work differently in space and time. This paper shows using a case study in the United States, that the source of recent financial crises rests on the structural characteristics of the economy. Constant deindustrialization is increasing inequality, and a debt-intensive credit boom has emerged to offset the deflationary effects of this structural change. The strong application of the austerity system in Europe and other parts of the world, even after the evidence points to less frugal policies, illustrates the theory of power it has over public policy. The economic structure should be put at the center of analysis, to better understand the economic changes, income disparities and differences in the dynamics of political economy through time and space. This paper provides a critical overview of the rapidly developing comparative studies of institutions and economic performance, with an emphasis on its analytical and political implications. The paper tries to identify some conceptual gaps in the literature on economic growth policy. Emphasis is placed on the contrasting experiences of East Asia and Latin America. This paper argues that the future investments in this field should be based on rigorous conceptual difference between the rules of the game and the game, and between the political and institutional, embedded in the concept of management. It also emphasizes the importance of a serious understanding of the endogenous and distributive nature of institutions and steps beyond the narrow approach of property law relations in management and development. By providing insights from the political channels through which institutions affect economic performance, this paper aims to contribute to the consolidation of theoretically based, empirically based and relevant to policy research on political and institutional foundations of growth and prosperity.

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Gorkovenko, Natalia Aleksandrovna, and Elizaveta Eduardovna Stepanova. "Ensuring the Economic Security of a Credit Institution." In All-Russian Scientific Conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-98079.

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The article considers the regulatory and legal provision of economic security of a credit institution, as well as scientific approaches to determining the essence of economic security, and identifies the features of ensuring the economic security of a credit institution. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop adequate methods and mechanisms to ensure the economic security of credit institutions.

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Kazmer, David, John Duffy, Linda Barrington, and Beverly Perna. "Introduction to Engineering Through Service-Learning." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34491.

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Service-learning (S-L) is the integration of academic subject matter with service to the community in credit-bearing courses. In an engineering context, service-learning provides a project-based experience in which students are presented with real clients and their problems, often of immediate need. This paper reflects on three years of service-learning integrated into a first engineering course with approximately three hundred students per year. The costs and benefits of service-learning to students, faculty, and clients are analyzed through several means including traditional teaching evaluations, blind pre- and post-assessments by students and clients, multi-year institutional data regarding student performance, and others. The results indicate that a majority of students personally believe that the described service-learning project is a valuable experience and should be integrated throughout the engineering curriculum. However, the service-learning experience varied significantly across teams, students, and course offerings.

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Plotnikova, Elena. "Operation of the Irkutsk Branch of the Russian-Chinese Bank in 1898–1910." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.12.

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The article describes the work of the Irkutsk branch of the Russian-Chinese Bank from the moment of its formation to the further reorganization (1898–1910). The financial performance indicators of credit institution in the period from 1901 till 1907, as reflected in the inspection in November, 1908, are given. Examines the reasons for loss of the branch related to the General decline of the business sector of the regional economy. The article notes the moment when the Bank branch management changed. The article describes the prospects for the development of the Department in connection with the course taken for lending to coal-producing enterprises of the Irkutsk province. Some quantitative calculations are given that demonstrate the possibility of growth of financial indicators of the institution. The article records the concern of competing credit institutions about the development of the local branch of the Russian-Chinese Bank. In conclusion, the circumstances that hindered the prospects for the development of the Department, in connection with the event held in 1910, are given. Russian-Chinese and Northern banks merge, resulting in the formation of a new credit institution-the Russian-Asian Bank.

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Polouček, Stanislav. "Credit Behaviour of Banks in the European Union in the Wake of Global Economic Crisis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00221.

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Recent financial crises hit many countries. The impact on Visegrad countries in credit area was not damaging. The main reason was stability and soundness of financial (banking) sectors in these countries and an adequate response of central banks as well as flexible management of commercial banks. Commercial banks, usually daughter companies of western banks, used above all domestic deposits for financing credits. This played a key role in credit area and helped to keep the financial system stable. It is important to underpin that responses to the crisis have been rather heterogeneous in central European countries and there are quite big disparities among Visegrad countries, too. In the paper developments and responses of the commercial banks to the crisis and their stability have been discussed on the basis of deposits, loans of monetary financial institutions to the non-financial sector, households, governments, lending for house purchase and credit for consumption in several EU countries. Net position of banks vis-á-vis foreign banks is taken into account, too.

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Özdemir, Müge Burcu, and Beyhan Hilal Yaslıdağ. "The Role of International Financing Coordination in Enhancing the Competitive Advantages of Nations." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c13.02486.

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In this study international finance and its coordination are discussed by considering the factors determining competitiveness and competitiveness. The effects of international finance coordination are analyzed. Afterward, possible problems and solutions evaluated. In the final part, the effect of combining various forms of international financing and assistance in harmony is coordinating, on the competitiveness of countries using financing are evaluated. The use and effects of the resources obtained by utilizing international financial resources have been examined by considering the conditions of competition. Competitiveness and the factors that determine competitiveness are discussed and international finance and international financing resources are discussed. Then, the institutions that have effects on the coordination of international finance are examined. This is a review article, so it is aimed to emphasize the importance of international financing coordination. To ensure that the financial aids given are sent to the countries that use the aids following their intended use, to increase the amount of international finance and funds, to distribute the burden of credit usage costs among developed countries and institutions according to certain criteria, to ensure that the repayment conditions of the credits are easy and applicable for the country using the credit, and to ensure that the information flow between the countries providing and using the credit is continuous and regular can be considered the important subjects of the international financing coordination.

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Kendirli, Selçuk, and Muhammet Çankaya. "Effects of USD Exchange Rate over the Istanbul Stock Market 30 Index and Investigation of the Relationship between Them." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01278.

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It is known that financial markets have important place in today's economy. Individuals could be evaluated their saving with their own research or they could be evaluated their savings with financial experts recommendations. A large portion of those funds of individual or institutional investors managed are directed to the stock market of the country. When considered in terms of Turkey, Istanbul Stock Exchange is examples for this topic. The changes in economic data, is influenced to many variables especially the stock market. It is perceived in the market as bad data that the rising in unemployment, the reduction of industrial production, the increases in interest rates and cost of credit, the increase in foreign exchange rates. In this study, it was investigated the causality of the dollar exchange rate between Istanbul Stock Exchange National 30 Index (BIST-30) with "Granger Causality Test". Monthly values are used including the period of 2009:1 (January of 2009) between period of 2014:12 (December 2014) as data set. We used the first trading day closing values in the calculation of monthly returns for the period. At the end of the study, we couldn’t find any causal relationship between the dollar exchange rate and the BIST-30 Index.

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Reports on the topic "Institutional credit"

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Flaming, Mark, Martin Holtmann, and Rochus Mommartz. Technical Guide for the Analysis of Microenterprise Financial Institutions. Inter-American Development Bank, November 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008869.

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The purpose of this technical guide is to provide a standard format for the analysis of institutions that provide financial services to the microenterprise sector. The technical guide outlines the appropriate techniques and scope of analysis for evaluating and designing programs of support to specialized financial institutions. The analytical techniques presented in this guide are structured to facilitate the process of institutional analysis and project design represented in the diagram below. The analytical framework applied in this technical guide is comprised of two basic components. The first part of the analysis, described in chapters 1 through 5, is dedicated to deriving a series of quantitative performance indicators that measure the performance of the institution. The investigation begins with an analysis of financial performance in order to derive general indicators regarding the sustainability of the institution. Credit operations are then analyzed in order to identify sources of inefficiency. The investigation concludes with an assessment of the impact of the credit services on the institution's clients.

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2

Coli, Pedro, Caroline Pflueger, Tyler Campbell, and L. Javier Garcia. Blockchain Uses for Microfinance Institutions in the Water and Sanitation Sector: Pilot Study. Edited by Mauro Nalesso and Keisuke Sasaki. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003273.

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Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) are organizations that provide small loans to borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment, or a verifiable credit history and therefore do not have access to traditional commercial banking. Blockchain technology could be used to create a more holistic view of the financial position of a potential borrower, which could result in better lending decisions. This study explores how blockchain technology has the potential to assist Microfinance Institutions in the water and sanitation sector through a pilot project developed in Peru. The improvements seen in the existing microfinance ecosystem during the implementation of the blockchain platform can be sorted into two main groups: improved institutional performance, and data ownership for the individuals.

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Wong Barrantes, Rudy, and Miguel Palomino Bonilla. Housing Finance in Peru: What Is Holding It Back? Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008966.

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Housing for most Peruvians is improving but is still grossly inadequate. Nonetheless, public housing finance policies mainly involve programs that subsidize middle-income families and banks that lend to them. Research summarized in this paper indicates that financing will not be the main obstacle to improving housing conditions in Peru and that public sector efforts would be better aimed at dealing with issues where significant externalities and institutional restrictions limit market development. Thus, public sector efforts and funds could temporarily support the development of: i) cheaper construction techniques and materials, ii) lower-cost credit technologies for low-income housing credits and iii) increasing the availability of adequately enabled land for large-scale low income housing projects.

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Ekka, Rashmi Kiran, Anita Campion, and Mark D. Wenner. Interest Rates and Implications for Microfinance in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012207.

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Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have been successful in providing credit to millions of low-income borrowers in groups previously excluded from formal financial services, but they often charge interest rates that many claim are excessive. We examine microfinance interest rates and their determinants in order to understand how these rates might be lowered. Using high-quality financial data from 29 institutions in seven countries over a period of four years, and drawing on information from field visits with clients, we explore patterns of cost and efficiency in MFIs. We find that improved operational efficiency comes with increased competition and institutional age, or learning by doing. Encouragingly, our regression analysis shows patterns of profit-making MFIs charging lower interest rates. We also find that interest rate caps reduce the outreach of these institutions to the poor, women, and rural clients.

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5

Wright, Jesse. A Primer on Risk Management: Applications to Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008776.

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Bank involvement with derivative activities--both for risk management and as a line of business--is considerable, and supervisory authorities are paying heightened attention to securities markets. This paper discusses the components of risk management in terms of legal, operational, credit and market risks, and identifies best practices in risk management. Finally, it suggests areas in which the Inter-American Development Bank may assist official regulators and the private sector to create the legal and institutional infrastructure for these markets and to instill best practices.

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Kim, Jae-Jin, Hyoeun Kim, Sewon Kim, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. A Roadmap for Digitalization of Tax Systems: Lessons from Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004195.

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This publication reviews the history of digitalization of tax administration in Korea dating back to the 1990s and shares the countrys experience and know-how in building an efficient e-taxation architecture. Its main emphasis is on how the Korean government managed to make the best use of a wide range of taxpayer information efficiently and securely. It highlights information security and presents three case studies of an institutional framework for using third-party data: tax schemes for credit card usage, a cash receipt system, and e-invoicing. It then lays out a range of policy implications for consideration by tax authorities in the Latin American and Caribbean region.

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Corrigan, E. Gerald. Building Effective Banking Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008919.

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This study discusses staple reforms in banking systems in Latin America and the Caribbean to improve their effectiveness. The paper identifies the main problems countries have been experiencing with banking systems, triggered by large credit losses. The direct and indirect costs of banking sector crises have been astonishingly high. The author holds that while the symptoms and costs of banking sector problems are widely recognized, the magnitude of the remedial task is often significantly underestimated. The author then makes a series of observations to keep in mind: First, the acute and costly nature of the problem in most developing countries primarily reflects a host of historical institutional weaknesses that severely complicate the relationships between creditors and debtors; Second, under the best of circumstances, it will take a number of years to remedy these institutional problems, Third, building progressive and profitable banking systems in these countries will entail a mix of short-term and longer-term initiatives on the part of the banks, the authorities and the governments at large, as well as enlightened support and leadership from the international community.

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Ardanaz, Martín, Carolina Ulloa-Suarez, and Oscar Valencia. Why Don't We Follow the Rules? Drivers of Compliance with Fiscal Policy Rules in Emerging Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005165.

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Under what conditions do countries comply with their fiscal policy rules? We tackle this question in the context of emerging countries, with a specific focus on Latin America and the Caribbean, a region where fiscal rules have become increasingly common in recent decades. Based on an original dataset of compliance behavior across 14 countries observed between 2000 and 2020, we first document that complying with fiscal rules makes a difference: countries that comply with their fiscal rules show, on average, lower sovereign bond spreads, higher credit ratings, and lower probability of public debt acceleration episodes than countries that do not comply with their rules. We then show that compliance is affected by the broader macroeconomic and politico-institutional environment. First, we find an asymmetrical response of compliance to macroeco-nomic conditions: while compliance decreases during bad times, it does not improve during good times. Second, optimistic macroeconomic forecasts undermine compliance during the budget preparation phase: the probability of complying ex-post with the fiscal rule is lower when policymakers overestimate GDP growth ex-ante. Finally, a solid institutional environment supporting commitment to fiscal discipline is a strong predictor of fiscal rule compliance across emerging countries. Our findings contribute to the literature on fiscal rule effectiveness by showing the relevant pre-conditions that may foster or inhibit the successful implementation of rules-based fiscal frameworks.

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Arbeláez, María Angélica, Miguel Benítez, Roberto Steiner, and Oscar Valencia. A Fiscal Rule to Achieve Debt Sustainability in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003048.

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In order to enhance fiscal sustainability and regain “investment grade” credit rating, in 2011 Colombia implemented a fiscal rule (FR) on the Central Government's structural balance. Investment grade was rapidly attained, and FR targets were complied with, until 2019. Using the Synthetic Control Method, we provide evidence that the FR promoted fiscal discipline. Nevertheless, public debt has increased continuously and is now expected to exceed 60 percent of GDP, in large part driven by the pandemic. We argue that the FR should be reformed so as to incorporate a debt anchor. Using a regime change model and the IMFs buffer risk methodology, we show that the prudent debt level should not exceed 48 percent of GDP and that in order to achieve this in the medium term, a policy mix increasing revenues to 17.8 percent of GDP (from 15.5 percent during 2016-2019) and reducing primary expenditure to 15 percent (from 16 percent during 2016-2019) is required. FR's performance would also benefit from changes in its institutional design.

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Trivelli, Carolina, Sergio Navajas, Mark D. Wenner, and Alvaro Tarazona. Managing Credit Risk in Rural Financial Institutions in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008848.

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The purpose of this report is to review common credit risk management techniques used in a sample of Latin American financial institutions with agricultural portfolios, identify the factors that contribute to successful credit risk management as measured by several key financial performance indicators in order to assist donors, governments, and owners of financial institutions to promote and adopt the most efficient and robust techniques. This report also examines a sample of 42 financial institutions in Latin America that have agricultural portfolios, and identifies their principal perceived risks, how they asses and manage credit risk, and how effective they are in the process as measured by key financial performance indicators (such as asset quality, portfolio growth, and profit margins).

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