Journal articles on the topic 'Institutional complicity'
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Marmion, Patrick J. "Challenging intra-institutional moral complicity." Acta Paediatrica 107, no. 2 (October 24, 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.14105.
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Mansaray, Ayo. "Complicity and contestation in the gentrifying urban primary school." Urban Studies 55, no. 14 (November 21, 2017): 3076–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017740099.
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The transformation of primary schools in gentrifying localities has sometimes been referred to as a form of ‘class colonisation’. This article draws on ethnographic research with teachers, teaching assistants and parents in two inner-London primary schools to explore the largely unexamined role of school leaders (headteachers) in mediating gentrification processes within urban schools. It argues that institutional history, contexts of headship and leadership style all play an important role in negotiating and recontextualising middle-class mobilisation and power to re-shape primary schools. Headteachers’ relationship to gentrification is therefore not simply one of complicity, but often of contestation and conflict. This article therefore challenges understandings of gentrification as a hegemonic process, and contributes to a more nuanced picture of the educational consequences of gentrification, particularly the institutional realities and experiences of urban social change.
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Wu, Xiaolin, Jieren Hu, and Yongmei Li. "Multiscalar Institutional Complicity: An Entrepreneurial City in China's National New Area." China: An International Journal 18, no. 2 (May 2020): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chn.2020.0019.
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Peck, Eliana, and Ellen K. Feder. "Institutional Evils, Culpable Complicity, and Duties to Engage in Moral Repair." Metaphilosophy 48, no. 3 (April 2017): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/meta.12238.
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Posecznick, Alex. "On theorising and humanising academic complicity in the neoliberal university." Learning and Teaching 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2014.070101.
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Most academics that I know take it for granted that higher education in capitalist countries has become deeply corporatised over the last thirty years. But as an undergraduate student in the 1990s, dreaming of joining the ranks of the professoriate, the institutional and structural changes that were transforming the university were largely hidden from my view. Looking back, I had no idea how such trends might be impacting the men and women who excited my intellect and set me on an academic path. I did not even think to ask.
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McDonnell, Hugh. "Complicity and memory in soldiers’ testimonies of the Algerian war of decolonisation in Esprit and Les Temps modernes." Memory Studies 13, no. 6 (July 16, 2018): 952–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698018784130.
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In the closing phase of the Algerian War in March 1962, Jean-Marie Domenach, director of the journal Esprit, upbraided his counterpart at Les Temps modernes, Jean-Paul Sartre, for failing to understand the greyness of most human actions and the pervasiveness of knots of complicity. Concern for the complexity of complicity was also apparent in Les Temps modernes circles, however, and it was precisely complicity, both in the form of violence of French troops and of the habituation or indifference of the broader French public, that editor Simone de Beauvoir termed a ‘tetanus of the imagination’. Strikingly, she suggested that a means of countering this affliction of getting used to the unconscionable were testimonies of soldiers returning from Algeria in both Les Temps modernes and Esprit. This article examines this mutual concern for the complexities of complicity and investigates its relationship to memory through the curious importance de Beauvoir placed on such testimonies in these two journals. The discussion looks at the mobilisation of the memory of the Second World War in these testimonies, including analogies with fascism and Nazism, and argues that, rather than merely fashionable hyperbole, they powerfully depicted a multifaceted crisis: in Algeria, of French youth, and of France itself. The second part of the article investigates the testimonies’ representation of military institutionalisation – including its detrimental effects on imagination and the facilitation of violence. These representations of systemic or institutional complicity are contextualised alongside scholarly claims that the Algerian war involved a renegotiation of the memory of Vichy France. I argue that the example of these testimonies calls for a qualification of such claims; though they prefigured later conceptions of a complicity memory trope, or ‘the grey zone’ of Vichy France, they did not override the dominant Second World War memory characterised by heroes and victims.
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Duntley-Matos, Roxanna, Marrit Shiery, Robert M. Ortega, Maria M. Matos Serrano, Cindy Newberry, and Mitchell M. Chapman. "Promoting LatinX Generativity: Cultural Humility and Transformative Complicity Through Geriatric Teams." SAGE Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 215824401667056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016670560.
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This article highlights social work, critical thinking, and an ethic of care in geriatric teamwork to promote generativity and the well-being of LatinX elderly. We offer the tripartite paradigm of cultural humility, transformative complicity, and empowerment to reduce power imbalances between service providers, elderly persons, and their communities. A force field analysis considers the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPAC) and Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) to understand the restraining and driving forces affecting the institutionalization of inter/transdisciplinary teams. Effective evidence-based models that humanize geriatric services are offered to counter the current biomedical emphasis of Medicare/Medicaid policies and less-than-responsive geriatric institutional and educational systems. We highlight Bloom and Farragher’s Sanctuary Model of compassionate and democratic practices to address the negative effects of moral entrepreneurship and ageism. The case of Florence, an LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and questioning) grandparent with multiple health issues, is analyzed from biomedical, person in the environment, and a strength-based perspective.
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Bohoslavsky, Juan Pablo. "Tracking Down the Missing Financial Link in Transitional Justice." International Human Rights Law Review 1, no. 1 (2012): 54–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00101005.
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This article argues that lenders providing financial assistance to authoritarian regimes should be held responsible for complicity if they knew or should have known that they would facilitate human rights abuses. Discussing the lenders’ role in a transitional justice context leads to a broadening of legal and institutional tools to channel this responsibility. This article starts by critically assessing the micro criteria traditionally used to understand the causal link between finance and human rights abuses, suggesting that a macro (i.e. holistic, interdisciplinary and casuistic) approach considering structures, processes and dynamics of sovereign financing should be applied when interpreting this link. It also explains how that traditional view is being challenged. A rational choice approach is taken to explain the most salient financial features of large-scale campaigns of gross human rights violations in order to understand the real relevance of funds in contexts of criminal regimes. The legal bases of responsibility for complicity are then discussed, separately presenting the arguments applied to private, multilateral and bilateral lenders. It also outlines how the missing financial link could be integrated into the domain of transitional justice, presenting, elaborating and assessing enforceability of concrete mechanisms to channel financial complicity in order to attain transitional goals. Finally, concluding remarks and challenges on the relationship between financial complicity and transitional justice are presented; and policy and economic considerations are made to better understand the real implications that incorporating the financial dimension into the transitional justice universe could have for a country.
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Rouse, Rebecca, and James Malazita. "Critical Disciplinary Thinking and Curricular Design in Games." Design Issues 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00708.
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Abstract This article details a large-scale curricular design project in creating and implementing an MS/PhD in “Critical Game Design.” Curricular design and critical scholarship in the analysis and design of games are co-constitutive. Institutional structures build individual and institutional capacity, they legitimize scholarship, define boundaries of expertise, and contribute to imaginations of disciplinary purview. We reflect on what is at stake beyond the discipline itself in wider digital culture, particularly the spread of disinformation, related growth of anti-academic sentiment, and testing of the foundations of democracy. We examine our own complicity and articulate the space of the games classroom as a site of potential transformation.
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Shore, Cris, and Miri Davidson. "Beyond collusion and resistance: Academic–management relations within the neoliberal university." Learning and Teaching 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2014.070102.
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As an early pioneer of market-led institutional reforms and New Public Management policies, New Zealand arguably has one of the most 'neoliberalised' tertiary education sectors in the world. This article reports on a recent academic dispute concerning the attempt by management to introduce a new category of casualised academic employee within one of the country's largest research universities. It is based on a fieldwork study, including document analysis, interviews and the participation of both authors in union and activist activities arising from the dispute. Whilst some academics may collude in the new regimes of governance that these reforms have created, we suggest that 'collusion' and 'resistance' are inadequate terms for explaining how academic behaviour and subjectivities are being reshaped in the modern neoliberal university. We argue for a more theoretically nuanced and situational account that acknowledges the wider legal and systemic constraints that these reforms have created. To do this, we problematise the concept of collusion and reframe it according to three different categories: 'conscious complicity', 'unwitting complicity' and 'coercive complicity'. We ask, what happens when one must 'collude' in order to resist, or when certain forms of opposition are rendered impossible by the terms of one's employment contract? We conclude by reflecting on ways in which academics understand and engage with the policies of university managers in contexts where changes to the framework governing employment relations have rendered conventional forms of resistance increasingly problematic, if not illegal.
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Wallmach, Kim. "Recognising the ‘little perpetrator’ in each of us: Complicity, responsibility and translation/interpreting in institutional contexts in multilingual South Africa." Perspectives 22, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 566–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2014.948893.
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Armstrong, Denise E. "Rites of Passage: Coercion, Compliance, and Complicity in the Socialization of New Vice-Principals." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 112, no. 3 (March 2010): 685–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811011200308.
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Background/Context Over four decades ago, Arnold van Gennep used the term rites of passage to describe the ceremonial and ritualistic behaviors that marked the passage between social roles. Although the transition from teaching to administration is not as clearly delineated as passages in traditional societies, it is also characterized by socialization rites, rituals, and ceremonies that communicate information about approved administrative behaviors and reinforce organizational roles and structures. Focus of Study This research examined the socialization structures and processes that impacted the transition from teaching to administration. Eight newly appointed vice-principals from an urban Canadian school district were interviewed throughout the school year to determine the people, structures, and events that facilitated or hindered their transition and the challenges they encountered in leading and managing diverse urban schools. Research Design Qualitative methodology was used to explore new vice-principals’ experiences. Purposive sampling was used to represent the diversity of voices based on gender, ethnocultural background, type of school, and number of years of experience as a vice-principal. The vice-principals participated in two semistructured interviews during the school year. Individual responses were coded according to the research questions and further analyzed to determine recurring themes and patterns. Findings/Results The findings revealed that the novice vice-principals experienced separation, initiation, and incorporation rites that tested them physically, mentally, and emotionally. The pervasive pressure of these socialization tactics forced them to comply with normative expectations of the vice-principalship as a custodial disciplinary role and violated their professional rights. Conclusion/Recommendations Coercive socialization practices impact new administrators and their communities negatively and are antithetical to institutional goals of creating equitable schools. School districts, along with regulatory, training, and professional bodies, need to address core issues related to the vice-principalship and the ways in which new school leaders are socialized into administrative roles. Coordinated partnerships and interventions are also needed so that new administrators can develop leadership skills in emotionally and physically safe environments.
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Mandelbaum, Belinda, Aline Rubin, and Stephen Frosh. "‘He Didn't Even Know There Was a Dictatorship’: The Complicity of a Psychoanalyst with the Brazilian Military Regime." Psychoanalysis and History 20, no. 1 (April 2018): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2018.0245.
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The history of psychoanalysis in Brazil during the civilian–military dictatorship (1964–85) has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years as an instance of institutional complicity with authoritarian rule. The case of Amílcar Lobo in Rio de Janeiro is now well known. However, there is less documentation of events in São Paulo, leading to a misrepresentation of the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo as having passed relatively unscathed through the dictatorial period. This paper confronts this misrepresentation by documenting the case of a psychoanalyst from São Paulo who was involved with the torture regime. A detailed account is presented of claims made to the authors about the actions of this psychoanalyst in relation to a political prisoner of the period, and some parallels are made with material in two published works by him. It is suggested that this particular psychoanalyst's behaviour reflects attitudes prevalent in the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo at the time, including its support for the view that political resistance was a sign of psychological ‘immaturity’ or pathology.
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Gamallo, Leandro. "Collective Violence and Politics in Argentina." New Global Studies 14, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2020-0013.
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AbstractThe transition and consolidation of the democratic regime in Argentina banished violence as a means of gaining access to state power. However, the frequent appearance of violent protests (“outbursts,” riots, looting or “puebladas,” among others) interrogates the persistence of violent collective actions and their relations with the dynamics of institutional policy in the current democratic framework. To what extent do these facts form part of the new repertoires of action, as several authors maintain? Are they actions that are an instrument of politics, or are they the expression of a radical opposition to the system? On the other hand, the emergence of a multiple and a fragmented form of violence go hand in hand with the emergence of illegalities of various kinds: the expansion of informal and illegal economies (the trade in drugs, weapons and people, among the main ones). The proven complicity of the state institutions in these processes also questions the relationship between politics and violence, although in a different register. Is it an institutional “flaw” or a new form of government? To what extent does such violence represent strategies of political accumulation?
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Brickell, Katherine. "Clouding the Judgment of Domestic Violence Law: Victim Blaming by Institutional Stakeholders in Cambodia." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 9 (June 15, 2015): 1358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515588919.
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This article examines victims’ purported complicity in the judicial failures of domestic violence law to protect them in Cambodia. It is based on 3 years (2012-2014) of research in Siem Reap and Pursat Provinces on the everyday politics of the 2005 “Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of the Victims” (DV Law). The project questioned why investments in DV Law are faltering and took a multi-stakeholder approach to do so. In addition to 40 interviews with female domestic violence victims, the research included 50 interviews with legal and health professionals, NGO workers, low- and high-ranking police officers, religious figures, and local government authority leaders who each have an occupational investment in the implementation and enforcement of DV Law. Forming the backbone of the article, the findings from this latter sample reveal how women are construed not only as barriers “clouding the judgment of law” but also as actors denying the agency of institutional stakeholders (and law itself) to bring perpetrators to account. The findings suggest that DV Law has the potential to entrench, rather than diminish, an environment of victim blaming. In turn, the article signals the importance of research on, and better professional support of, intermediaries who (discursively) administrate the relationship between DV Law and the victims/citizens it seeks to protect.
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Liang, Bryan A., and Tim MacKey. "Confronting Conflict: Addressing Institutional Conflicts of Interest in Academic Medical Centers." American Journal of Law & Medicine 36, no. 1 (March 2010): 136–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881003600103.
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Individual conflicts of interest are rife in healthcare, and substantial attention has been given to address them. Yet a more substantive concern-institutional conflicts of interest (“ICOIs”) in academic medical centers (“AMCs”) engaged in research and clinical care—have yet to garner sufficient attention, despite their higher stakes for patient safety and welfare. ICOIs are standard in AMCs, are virtually unregulated, and have led to patient deaths. Upon review of ICOIs, we find a clear absence of substantive efforts to confront these conflicts. We also assess the Jesse Gelsinger case, which resulted in the death of a study participant exemplifying a deep-seated culture of institutional indifference and complicity in unmanaged conflicts. Federal policy, particularly the Bayh-Dole Act, also creates and promotes ICOIs. Efforts to address ICOIs are narrow or abstract, and do not provide for a systemic infrastructure with effective enforcement mechanisms. Hence, in this paper, we provide a comprehensive proposal to address ICOIs utilizing a “Centralized System” model that would proactively review, manage, approve, and conduct assessments of conflicts, and would have independent power to evaluate and enforce any violations via sanctions. It would also manage any industry funds and pharmaceutical samples and be a condition of participation in public healthcare reimbursement and federal grant funding.The ICOI policy itself would provide for disclosure requirements, separate management of commercial enterprise units from academic units, voluntary remediation of conflicts, and education on ICOIs. Finally, we propose a new model of medical education—academic detailing—in place of current marketing-focused “education.” Using such a system, AMCs can wean themselves from industry reliance and promote a culture of accountability and independence from industry influence. By doing so, clinical research and treatment can return to a focus on patient care, not profits.
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Van Cleave, Jessica. "Engaging Uselessness: Philosophical Reading and Dwelling in the Excess." Qualitative Inquiry 24, no. 9 (September 22, 2017): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800417732092.
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In this article, I explore how to make space in the neoliberal academy for inquiry that welcomes what is yet to be thought, imagined, anticipated while also remaining responsible to institutional demands that privilege a certain type of academic subject. I draw upon Manning and Massumi’s notion of uselessness to position philosophy as a generative tool. Specifically, I explain how useless reading of philosophy positions becoming an academic subject as a continuous process of experimentation and learning instead of a reproduction of available descriptions enabled by neoliberalism. Philosophical reading exceeds the boundaries of what is already recognizable, and I dwell in that excess, shifting the focus away from complicity or resistance as the only possible responses to neoliberal mandates (either/or) and move instead toward rethinking ways of being, knowing, living, and responding to others in the world (both/and).
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Gaby, Sarah, David Cunningham, Hedwig Lee, Geoff Ward, and Ashley N. Jackson. "Exculpating Injustice: Coroner Constructions of White Innocence in the Postbellum South." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312098364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120983647.
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Research notes the broad complicity of white public officials in historical racial violence and repression. These discussions emphasize the role of criminal justice actors in perpetrating and enabling this repression. Extending this assessment, the authors examine coroners’ facilitation of white racial dominance through administrative performances constructing white innocence. Using cases from post-Emancipation South Carolina, the authors document race-related patterns of exculpatory effort, through the omission and curation of evidence amid the post-Reconstruction rise of white supremacist redemption. The authors theorize that these exculpatory efforts helped sustain an ideology of white innocence and institutional legitimacy by constructing a white “law-abiding” public. The authors argue that such coroner misconduct not only degrades the rule of law but has broader implications, including its corruption of the corpus of mortality and crime data. Finally, the authors suggest that these administrative performances persist in present-day coroner reporting, including in the exculpation of racist police violence.
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dos Santos Soares, Maria Andrea. "On the Colonial Past of Anthropology: Teaching Race and Coloniality in the Global South." Humanities 8, no. 2 (May 8, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8020088.
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This article addresses some of the discussions taking place at the Social Sciences program of the Afro-Brazilian International University for Lusophone Integration (UNILAB), such as the coloniality of knowledge, racial hierarchies, and anthropology’s complicity in colonialism. The article reviews current literature and draws on ethnographic fieldwork for two main purposes: First, to analyze how Afro–Brazilians, and Afro–Brazilian culture have been depicted and used in the process of national formation. Second, to examine the role that social and anthropological analysis played by dismissing “race” and “racism” as a structuring feature of Brazilian society. I propose that the ethics of an anthropological praxis aiming to create the necessary conditions for a different kind of knowledge to emerge, would be critically reflective about its own process of knowledge production, and aware as well, of voices and locations where this knowledge is being produced. The process of decolonization relies on epistemological choices made in the field, at the institutional level within the departments and programs, and in classrooms.
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Roberts, Marion. "Planning, urban design and the night-time city." Criminology & Criminal Justice 9, no. 4 (October 19, 2009): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895809343415.
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The planning system was constrained by a neo-liberalist insistence on land-use planning in the 1980s and early 1990s, thereby providing the institutional framework for deregulation of the numbers, capacities and types of licensed premises in town and city centres. This had a direct impact on levels of crime, violence and anti-social behaviour. Criminologists have criticized planners for their complicity in this process. The article argues that entertainment uses have been marginal to the social and ecological preoccupations of the planning profession. It suggests that the reintroduction of spatial planning by the New Labour government has allowed planners to reassert social and environmental objectives into their development plans and potentially to introduce a greater degree of regulatory control. The article examines the changes to the planning system and its complex relation to licensing. Finally, it questions whether this new opportunity for planners to intervene will be realized in the current economic downturn.
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Wonham, Henry B. "Postcritical Howells: American Realism and Liberal Guilt." American Literature 92, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 229–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-8267720.
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Abstract This essay explores the concept of liberal guilt in William Dean Howells’s fiction, focusing especially on his 1888 novel Annie Kilburn. Genealogies of liberal guilt rarely mention Howells, and yet no American writer has more painstakingly elaborated the embarrassing predicament of middle-class complicity in social arrangements that entail the widespread suffering of others. I provide a summary of theoretical positions on liberal guilt as a structure of feeling that entails what Richard Rorty calls “doubt about [one’s] own sensitivity to the pain and humiliation of others, doubt that present institutional arrangements are adequate to deal with this pain and humiliation.” Howells felt these doubts profoundly, and yet he understood liberal guilt as a productive emotional and intellectual predicament. Put simply, Howells viewed liberal guilt, like realism itself, as an attitude of resigned acceptance of persistent social injustices but an attitude capable of animating, rather than dissipating, liberal commitments and public agendas.
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Stewart-Ambo, Theresa, and K. Wayne Yang. "Beyond Land Acknowledgment in Settler Institutions." Social Text 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01642472-8750076.
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AbstractWhat does land acknowledgment do? Where does it come from? Where is it pointing? Existing literature, especially critiques by Indigenous scholars, unequivocally assert that settler land acknowledgments are problematic in their favoring of rhetoric over action. However, formal written statements may challenge institutions to recognize their complicity in settler colonialism and their institutional responsibilities to tribal sovereignty. Building on these critiques, particularly the writings of Métis cultural producer Chelsea Vowel, this article offers beyond as a framework for how institutional land acknowledgments can or cannot support Indigenous relationality, land pedagogy, and accountability to place and peoples. The authors describe the critical differences between Indigenous protocols of mutual recognition and settler practices of land acknowledgment. These Indigenous/settler differences illuminate an Indigenous perspective on what acknowledgments ought to accomplish. For example, Acjachemen/Tongva scholar Charles Sepulveda forwards the Tongva concept of Kuuyam, or guest, as “a reimagining of human relationships to place outside of the structures of settler colonialism.” What would it mean for a settler speaker of a land acknowledgment to say, “I am a visitor, and I hope to become a proper guest”? Two empirical examples are presented: the University of California, Los Angeles, where an acknowledgment was crafted in 2018; and the University of California, San Diego, where an acknowledgment is under way in 2020. The article concludes with beyond as a potential decolonial framework for land acknowledgment that recognizes Indigenous futures.
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Fülbier, Rolf Uwe. "Digging deeper: German academics and universities under Nazi tyranny – A comment." Accounting History 26, no. 3 (August 2021): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10323732211027621.
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In their interesting case study about Handelshochschule Leipzig under the Nazi regime, published 2020 in Accounting History, Detzen and Hoffmann focus on inaugural speeches and other material that emphasize the more formal and political perspective of the business school’s management. They identify an increasing political pressure and influence of Nazi ideology with impact on several accountability dimensions. This case study also provides useful starting points for further and deeper research efforts. There is more to say about German academics and universities during that time in general, and about Handelshochschule Leipzig in particular. In this comment, I raise more thoughts and open questions especially with regard to the individual situation of professors, the impact on teaching and research, the role of other university groups such as students, as well as further accountability issues with the question of complicity at an individual as well as institutional level. I provide a set of complementary missing pieces that qualify as suggestions for future research in this important and still relevant topic area.
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Fallows, Tom. "Independent dreams, American nightmares: Industrial transgression and critical organization in the work of George A. Romero." Horror Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00028_1.
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Film critic Robin Wood categorized George A. Romero as a transgressive genre filmmaker, a director who with films such as Dawn of the Dead offered a consistent, and consistently bloody, attack on the normative social constructs that dominate US culture. Within such advocacy, Wood helped define Romero as a specific cultural type – as a horror film auteur. This article considers Wood’s framing within a wider critical, commercial and industrial context, asking how this ideological analysis became, paradoxically, part of a more conservative organization of Romero. By drawing upon business theory and a media industries methodology, I shed new light on Romero’s efforts to cultivate a boundaryless independent cinema unbeholden to institutional norms, demonstrating challenges to leadership roles, market orientation, financing and genre. While Romero’s typecasting as a horror auteur was ultimately delimiting, I also consider the filmmaker’s complicity in this codification, scrutinizing his knowing attempts to parlay brand-name recognition into a lasting platform for non-Hollywood production. This article offers a unique insight into the industrial and business contexts of horror cinema, revealing a rare intersection between critical reception and industrial navigation while complicating our understanding of both Wood’s seminal writings and one of the genre’s totemic ‘masters’.
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Dines, Nick. "Bad news from an aberrant city: a critical analysis of the British press's portrayal of organised crime and the refuse crisis in Naples." Modern Italy 18, no. 4 (November 2013): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2013.801677.
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This article examines the coverage of Naples since 2000 in the Guardian and the Independent, paying particular attention to their portrayal of the Camorra and the refuse crisis. It argues that this coverage was not simply riddled with stereotypes but was also characterised by significant inaccuracies and omissions. Analysts in Italy have detailed how the trash emergency in 2008 was the outcome of corporate malpractice and institutional complicity and that organised crime, although intent on exploiting the situation, was not a determining factor. The British press, instead, tended to conflate the breakdown of the urban waste cycle with the dumping of toxic waste and, by inverting cause and effect, to point the blame at the Camorra. These accounts, it is argued, are partially explained by the very nature of foreign news that seeks out dramatic and clearcut stories for an otherwise disinterested audience. They also reflect the heightened interest in the Camorra following the Secondigliano War and the English translation of Roberto Saviano's Gomorrah. However, the article suggests that it is the press's assumption that Naples is already an ‘out of the ordinary’ urban setting that ultimately precludes the possibility of an informed coverage of the city and its predicaments.
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Jones, David R., Max Visser, Peter Stokes, Anders Örtenblad, Rosemary Deem, Peter Rodgers, and Shlomo Y. Tarba. "The Performative University: ‘Targets’, ‘Terror’ and ‘Taking Back Freedom’ in Academia." Management Learning 51, no. 4 (June 22, 2020): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350507620927554.
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This special issue assembles eight papers which provide insights into the working lives of early career to more senior academics, from several different countries. The first common theme which emerges is around the predominance of ‘targets’, enacting aspects of quantification and the ideal of perfect control and fabrication. The second theme is about the ensuing precarious evocation of ‘terror’ impacting on mental well-being, albeit enacted in diverse ways. Furthermore, several papers highlight a particular type of response, beyond complicity to ‘take freedom back’ (the third theme). This freedom is used to assert an emerging parallel form of resistance over time, from overt, planned, institutional collective representation towards more informal, post-recognition forms of collaborative, covert, counter spaces (both virtually and physically). Such resistance is underpinned by a collective care, generosity and embrace of vulnerability, whereby a reflexive collegiality is enacted. We feel that these emergent practices should encourage senior management, including vice-chancellors, to rethink performative practices. Situating the papers in the context of the current coronavirus crisis, they point towards new forms of seeing and organising which open up, rather than close down, academic freedom to unleash collaborative emancipatory power so as to contribute to the public and ecological good.
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Miranda Redondo, Rafael. "ESTADO DEL PROYECTO DE AUTONOMÍA Y ESENCIALIZACIÓN DE LO IDENTITARIO." Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 8, no. 16 (December 1, 2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2013.16.72.
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En este artículo se valora la cultura política de la izquierda, particularmente de la región latinoamericana, a la luz de la esencialización de la identidad. Damos cuenta de lo que consideramos una imposibilidad de sustentar de manera creíble la reivindicación de la autonomía a partir de dicha esencialización; lo hacemos argumentando desde la noción de alteridad en la obra escrita e institucional por la autonomía de Cornelius Castoriadis. Ese trayecto pasa por la polisemia de la noción de autonomía, por la mezcla no aleatoria de marxismo y teología del contexto institucional en la región, por la precipitación de estas fuentes en un discurso reciclado gracias al posmodernismo y la french theory, que se cristaliza gracias a la complicidad de las poblaciones cautivas, en un dispositivo liderado por expertos en ejercicio y a contracorriente de la sociedad autónoma en proyecto.
STATE OF THE AUTONOMY AND ESSENTIALIZATION OF IDENTITY PROJECT.NOTES ON LATIN AMERICA BASED ON CASTORIADIS
ABSTRACTThis article assesses the left-wing political culture, particularly in Latin America, in light of the essentialization of identity. The author reports what he considers the impossibility of sustaining, with credibility, the claim to autonomy based on the essentialization of identity. He bases this argument on Castoriadis’ notion of alterity which appears in his written and institutional work in favor of autonomy. This trajectory passes through the multiple meanings of the notion of autonomy, the nonrandom blend of Marxism and theology in the region’s institutional context, the embodiment of these sources into a discourse that has been recycled, thanks to post-modernism and the French Theory, and, with the complicity of captive populations, culminates in a mechanism led by experts who both exercise and go counter to the projected autonomous society.
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Ewane, Ewane Basil, Ewane Bertrand Olome, and Heon-Ho Lee. "Challenges to Sustainable Forest Management and Community Livelihoods Sustenance in Cameroon: Evidence from the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve in Southwest Cameroon." Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 9 (November 29, 2015): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v8n9p226.
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Sustainable forest management in Cameroon is being plagued with many challenges directly related to key issues in the areas of forest law enforcement and governance. This study used questionnaires to examine the major community livelihood activities undertaken in the SBFR causing deforestation and forest degradation and to explore the localized trigger forces, and their implications for sustainable forest management in Cameroon. The authors found that the rated localized forces triggering indiscriminate human activities in the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve (SBFR) are scarcity of farmland outside the forest reserve land, population growth, poverty and the more fertile nature of the forest reserve land than the limited, overused, and degraded community farming land. In addition, the authors found that forest monitoring activities in the field by forestry officials were plagued with complicity by some corrupt forestry officials, forces of law and order, administration, local management committee leaders, and disgruntled local population in the apprehension of illegal forest exploiters, besides inadequate resources. The strategies to address the above issues have not been prioritized. Based on the results, this paper argues that the governance failure to prioritize more and better investment in modern agriculture, non-wood domestic cooking energy and reliable rural transport systems, amongst others, including building institutional capacity and physical infrastructure compromises sustainable forest management in Cameroon at both the national and local community levels. In this light, a set of holistic and comprehensive strategic programmes are recommended as the way forward to guaranteeing sustainable development in forest management in Cameroon.
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Asgary, Ramin, and Katharine Lawrence. "Evaluating underpinning, complexity and implications of ethical situations in humanitarian operations: qualitative study through the lens of career humanitarian workers." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e039463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039463.
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IntroductionData regarding underpinning and implications of ethical challenges faced by humanitarian workers and their organisations in humanitarian operations are limited.MethodsWe conducted comprehensive, semistructured interviews with 44 experienced humanitarian aid workers, from the field to headquarters, to evaluate and describe ethical conditions in humanitarian situations.Results61% were female; average age was 41.8 years; 500 collective years of humanitarian experience (11.8 average) working with diverse major international non-governmental organisations. Important themes included; allocation schemes and integrity of the humanitarian industry, including resource allocation and fair access to and use of services; staff or organisational competencies and aid quality; humanitarian process and unintended consequences; corruption, diversion, complicity and competing interests, and intentions versus outcomes; professionalism and interpersonal and institutional responses; and exposure to extreme inequities and emotional and moral distress. Related concepts included broader industry context and allocations; decision-making, values, roles and sustainability; resource misuse at programme, government and international agency levels; aid effectiveness and utility versus futility, and negative consequences. Multiple contributing, confounding and contradictory factors were identified, including context complexity and multiple decision-making levels; limited input from beneficiaries of aid; different or competing social constructs, values or sociocultural differences; and shortcomings, impracticality, or competing philosophical theories or ethical frameworks.ConclusionsEthical situations are overarching and often present themselves outside the exclusive scope of moral reasoning, philosophical views, professional codes, ethical or legal frameworks, humanitarian principles or social constructivism. This study helped identify a common instinct to uphold fairness and justice as an underlying drive to maintain humanity through proximity, solidarity, transparency and accountability.
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Cornel, Tabea. "An even-handed debate? The sexed/gendered controversy over laterality genes in British psychology, 1970s–1990s." History of the Human Sciences 33, no. 5 (September 15, 2020): 138–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695120944031.
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This article provides insight into the entwinement of the allegedly neutral category of handedness with questions of sex/gender, reproduction, dis/ability, and scientific authority. In the 1860s, Paul Broca suggested that the speech centre sat in the left brain hemisphere in most humans, and that right-handedness stemmed from this asymmetry. One century later, British psychologists Marian Annett and Chris McManus proposed biologically unconfirmed theories of how handedness and brain asymmetry were passed on in families. Their idea to integrate chance into genetic models of handedness was novel, and so was their use of computerized statistics to parse out the incidence of handedness genotypes and phenotypes. Notwithstanding significant conceptual and methodological overlaps, McManus and Annett did not collaborate and proposed competing theories. I analyse the sexed/gendered dimensions of their controversy by drawing on published literature, unpublished documents, and oral history interviews. I first attend to the epistemological importance of sex/gender. Both psychologists published several iterations of their models, which increasingly relied on questions of sex/gender and reproduction. Annett additionally linked handedness with stereotypically gendered cognitive abilities. Second, I argue that using masculine-coded computer technologies contributed to Annett’s professional marginalization whereas similar methods endowed McManus with surplus authority. Finally, I show that Annett’s complicity in stabilizing sociocultural hierarchies within her theory mirrored her personal experience of marginalization based on sex/gender, age, education, and lack of institutional affiliation. This analysis exemplifies the entanglement of cognitive and social factors in scientific controversies and adds to the literature on 20th-century British women psychologists.
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Rogers, Wendy, Matthew P. Robertson, Angela Ballantyne, Brette Blakely, Ruby Catsanos, Robyn Clay-Williams, and Maria Fiatarone Singh. "Compliance with ethical standards in the reporting of donor sources and ethics review in peer-reviewed publications involving organ transplantation in China: a scoping review." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024473.
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ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to investigate whether papers reporting research on Chinese transplant recipients comply with international professional standards aimed at excluding publication of research that: (1) involves any biological material from executed prisoners; (2) lacks Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval and (3) lacks consent of donors.DesignScoping review based on Arksey and O’Mallee’s methodological framework.Data sourcesMedline, Scopus and Embase were searched from January 2000 to April 2017.Eligibility criteriaWe included research papers published in peer-reviewed English-language journals reporting on outcomes of research involving recipients of transplanted hearts, livers or lungs in mainland China.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted by individual authors working independently following training and benchmarking. Descriptive statistics were compiled using Excel.Results445 included studies reported on outcomes of 85 477 transplants. 412 (92.5%) failed to report whether or not organs were sourced from executed prisoners; and 439 (99%) failed to report that organ sources gave consent for transplantation. In contrast, 324 (73%) reported approval from an IRB. Of the papers claiming that no prisoners’ organs were involved in the transplants, 19 of them involved 2688 transplants that took place prior to 2010, when there was no volunteer donor programme in China.DiscussionThe transplant research community has failed to implement ethical standards banning publication of research using material from executed prisoners. As a result, a large body of unethical research now exists, raising issues of complicity and moral hazard to the extent that the transplant community uses and benefits from the results of this research. We call for retraction of this literature pending investigation of individual papers.
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Sholl, Sarah, Grit Scheffler, Lynn V. Monrouxe, and Charlotte Rees. "Understanding the healthcare workplace learning culture through safety and dignity narratives: a UK qualitative study of multiple stakeholders’ perspectives." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e025615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025615.
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ObjectivesWhile studies at the undergraduate level have begun to explore healthcare students’ safety and dignity dilemmas, none have explored such dilemmas with multiple stakeholders at the postgraduate level. The current study therefore explores the patient and staff safety and dignity narratives of multiple stakeholders to better understand the healthcare workplace learning culture.DesignA qualitative interview study using narrative interviewing.SettingTwo sites in the UK ranked near the top and bottom for raising concerns according to the 2013 General Medical Council National Training Survey.ParticipantsUsing maximum variation sampling, 39 participants were recruited representing four different groups (10 public representatives, 10 medical trainees, 8 medical trainers and 11 nurses and allied health professionals) across the two sites.MethodsWe conducted 1 group and 35 individual semistructured interviews. Data collection was completed in 2015. Framework analysis was conducted to identify themes. Theme similarities and differences across the two sites and four groups were established.ResultsWe identified five themes in relation to our three research questions (RQs): (1) understandings of safety and dignity (RQ1); (2) experiences of safety and dignity dilemmas (RQ2); (3) resistance and/or complicity regarding dilemmas encountered (RQ2); (4) factors facilitating safety and/or dignity (RQ3); and (5) factors inhibiting safety and/or dignity (RQ3). The themes were remarkably similar across the two sites and four stakeholder groups.ConclusionsWhile some of our findings are similar to previous research with undergraduate healthcare students, our findings also differ, for example, illustrating higher levels of reported resistance in the postgraduate context. We provide educational implications to uphold safety and dignity at the level of the individual (eg, stakeholder education), interaction (eg, stakeholder communication and teamwork) and organisation (eg, institutional policy).
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Thangeo, Lunneihoi. "Deviation from the Orthodox." Međunarodne studije 22, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46672/ms.22.1.4.
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Some events that occurred after the Christian movement became the state religion of the Roman Empire can be regarded as one sort of historical revisionism. Theodosius had sanctioned the state persecution of all those who did not uphold the Nicene version of Christianity. This resulted in the loss of many works by those who were deemed unorthodox Christians. For many, the Christian movement bifurcated, then permutated only after the Protestant Reformation. Had it not been for the discovery of some of these so-called unorthodox texts in the twentieth century, we would not have known that alternate views existed even in the distant past. This paper does not argue about Christian doctrines but rather focuses on the deliberate attempt to obliviate some early believers because they had a different interpretation of Christ and his teachings. Perhaps this is comparable to how powerful leaders today use mainstream media to promote their version of the truth and create a diversion from ground reality. Another issue is whether such censorship is justifiable. Had it not been for the unifying endeavours of the early church leaders, there might not have been a Christian community as we know of now. In the same way, if a leader of state does not present a grander-than-life narrative, perhaps there would be more chaos than order. When we weigh in such factors, do they make the effacement of some parts of reality necessary? After all, we are not talking about personal or even social morality, but institutional morality, if there is such a thing. Perhaps promoting a version of truth over another is not condemnable in the larger scheme of things but we need to admit our complicity when this happens.
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Dhanda, Meena. "IV—Philosophical Foundations of Anti-Casteism." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 120, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arisoc/aoaa006.
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Abstract The paper begins from a working definition of caste as a contentious form of social belonging and a consideration of casteism as a form of inferiorization. It takes anti-casteism as an ideological critique aimed at unmasking the unethical operations of caste, drawing upon B. R. Ambedkar’s notion of caste as ‘graded inequality’. The politico-legal context of the unfinished trajectory of instituting protection against caste discrimination in Britain provides the backdrop for thinking through the philosophical foundations of anti-casteism. The peculiar religio-discursive aspect of ‘emergent vulnerability’ is noted, which explains the recent introduction of the trope of ‘institutional casteism’ used as a shield by deniers of caste against accusations of casteism. The language of protest historically introduced by anti-racists is thus usurped and inverted in a simulated language of anti-colonialism. It is suggested that the stymieing of the UK legislation on caste is an effect of collective hypocrisies, the refusal to acknowledge caste privilege, and the continuity of an agonistic intellectual inheritance, exemplified in the deep differences between Ambedkar and Gandhi in the Indian nationalist discourse on caste. The paper argues that for a modern anti-casteism to develop, at stake is the possibility of an ethical social solidarity. Following Ambedkar, this expansive solidarity can only be found through our willingness to subject received opinions and traditions to critical scrutiny. Since opposed groups ‘make sense’ of their worlds in ways that might generate collective hypocrisies of denial of caste effects, anti-casteism must be geared to expose the lie that caste as the system of graded inequality is benign and seamlessly self-perpetuating, when it is everywhere enforced through penalties for transgression of local caste norms with the complicity of the privileged castes. The ideal for modern anti-casteism is Maitri (friendship) formed through praxis, eschewing birth-ascribed caste status and loyalties.
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IRTYSHCHEVA, Inna, and Natalia PROKOPENKO. "FORMATION OF THE MECHANISM OF TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY ON THE BASIS OF DESIGN MANAGEMENT." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2020-1-23.
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Introduction. The main participants in the transformation processes of the national economy are representatives of government, community and business. Producers and providers of economic products and services act on the business side, and consumers of economic goods and services act on the community side. The government expresses its complicity in the formation of mechanisms of transformational processes of the national economy in the form of normative-legislative and social-regulatory influence on the formation of economic phenomena and processes. The purpose of the article is to form a mechanism of transformation processes of the national economy on the basis of design management. Results. It is proved that Ukraine has a value and is aimed at improving investment and tourism attractiveness, competitiveness and strengthening the sense of pride and political consciousness, respectively, analyzed the impact of the value of Ukraine's brand on some macroeconomic indicators: GDP, foreign direct investment, capital investment, export and import goods. Conclusions. It is proposed that in the context of program-targeted approach and design management under the economic mechanism of transformation processes of the national economy to understand the concerted actions of government, community and business aimed at achieving sustainable development goals through institutional, regulatory and budgetary reforms and implementation of state development programs, modern program-targeted methods and tools (social contract, digital government, digitalization of education, medicine and economics, subsidies, subventions, transfers, loans and other fiscal instruments, national brand), with the involvement of public and business representatives in public administration processes. The proposed mechanism of transformational processes of the national economy requires the improvement of social guidelines and social responsibility at the level of formation of public consciousness. Keywords: mechanism, national economy, design management, transformation processes.
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Monge, Rosemarie. "Institutionally Driven Moral Conflicts and Managerial Action: Dirty Hands or Permissible Complicity?" Journal of Business Ethics 129, no. 1 (March 29, 2014): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2141-8.
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Munir, Kamal A. "Challenging Institutional Theory’s Critical Credentials." Organization Theory 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 263178771988797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631787719887975.
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Institutional theory’s claim to be critical rings hollow. Not only does the theory lack an emancipatory agenda but most institutional studies privilege agentic power over hegemonic. Even when engaging with ‘grand challenges’ institutional theorists are inclined to overlook larger structures of domination in favour of focusing on smaller, more manageable issues. As a result, institutional theorists run the risk of becoming complicit in the reification and legitimation of structures of domination. A process of self-critique must be initiated in order to recognize the role institutional theory is playing in this process.
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DiMaggio, Paul. "Layers of endogeneity—How porous boundaries between state and society complicate institutional change." Rationality and Society 29, no. 1 (February 2017): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463116685662.
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Clark, Cynthia E., and Sue Newell. "Institutional Work and Complicit Decoupling across the U.S. Capital Markets: The Work of Rating Agencies." Business Ethics Quarterly 23, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20132311.
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ABSTRACT:We focus on the core institution of the capital market and the institutional work of professional service firms that provide ratings on corporate issuers, initially in a bid to maintain this institution, which suffered when those involved relied solely on information from the issuers themselves. Through our analysis we identify a new type of decoupling—complicit decoupling. Complicit decoupling evolves over time, beginning with the creation of a new practice, here corporate ratings as a form of policing work, which emerges to help to maintain a core institution. This practice is then adopted, implemented and later becomes decoupled. Exposure does not undermine the legitimacy of the practice because external actors collude in the ‘window dressing’ and, because it has become normalized, only partial repairs are enacted. It is by nature field-level institutional work, benefiting the majority of the field and inherently involves a violation of promise keeping. We conclude with implications for managers and behavioral ethics researchers.
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Haupt, Martin. "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Physical Nonaggressive Agitation." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104161020000689x.
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Agitated behaviors occur frequently in patients with dementia. These behaviors affect the quality of life of the dementia sufferers and their caregivers. For example, these behaviors can greatly complicate everyday management in familiar surroundings and in institutional care, and they predict premature nursing home admission.
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Frieson, Brittany L. "“It's like they don't see us at all”: A Critical Race Theory critique of dual language bilingual education for Black children." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 42 (March 2022): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190522000022.
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AbstractThis article highlights the institutional harm that many dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs can impose upon Black American children. By uncovering the ways that bilingual education is often complicit in educational injustice for Black children, this article argues for a closer interrogation of unquestioned DLBE policies and practices through an analysis that gives centrality to race and intersectionality. In this piece, a composite counterstory is crafted using African American Language to powerfully facilitate a Critical Race Theory-informed critique of DLBE's institutional structures and practices that detail the experiences of many Black children in DLBE programs. A recommendation for intersectional approaches to DLBE that center, support, and advocate for intersectional consciousness across all Black identities is offered.
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Kochan, Donald J. "Strategic Institutional Positioning." Texas A&M Law Review 6, no. 2 (January 2019): 323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v6.i2.1.
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The administrative state has emerged as a pervasive machine that has become the dominate generator of legal rules—despite the fact that the U.S. Constitution commits the legislative power to Congress alone. When examining legislation authorizing administrative agencies to promulgate rules, we are often left asking whether Congress “dele- gates” away its lawmaking authority by giving agencies too much power and discretion to decide what rules should be promulgated and to determine how rich to make their content. If the agencies get broad authority, it is not too hard to understand why they would fulsomely embrace the grant to its fullest. Once agencies are let loose by broad grants of rulemaking authority and they are off to the races, we are also often left scratching our heads wondering why Congress fails to intervene ex post to alter the law, to check administrative agency overreach, or to clarify its intent and preferences. This Essay seeks to explain why none of the institutional dynamics we observe in adminis- trative law should be surprising, with particular emphasis on environ- mental laws and rules. It will explain why both Congress and agencies have strategic interests at stake that cause them to position their activ- ities in manners that make each complicit in expansion of the regula- tory state and the collapse of the containment walls designed to keep lawmaking inside Congress. This Essay specifically critiques Congress for its abdication of re- sponsibility in the natural resources and environmental space—a place where the problem of congressional acquiescence in the demise of its own power is particularly acute. This Essay will begin by discuss- ing the necessity of legislative clarity and intervention in these fields, but it will also contemplate why we often see neither. It will then pro- ceed to some specific examples that illustrate these points. Part II introduces fundamental ideas of separation of powers and the Framers’ design for adherence to that separation. Part III identi- fies motivations for Congress to legislate broadly and to disengage from a supervisory role over agencies, despite contrary intentions in the Framers design. Part IV discusses agencies as self-interested actors that will accept legislative-like authority if it is offered to them. Part V uses case studies on National Monuments and the Waters of the United States (“WOTUS”) Rule as demonstrative of the strategic positioning phenomenon. And, Part VI explains why environmental law is an area in which we can predict a high frequency of these problems of congressional abdication that enables administrative overreach. By revealing these realities of strategic positioning by both Con- gress and the Executive, it can be better understood why an environ- mental law generated without optimal (or even fully constitutional) engagement by Congress is increasingly developing. The goal is to ex- pose the threat these institutional interests pose to preserving the sep- aration of powers and to begin identifying the areas to target, if the current allocation of authority for generating the core requirements of environmental law is to be realigned with greater fidelity to original constitutional design.
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Dryzek, John S. "Institutions for the Anthropocene: Governance in a Changing Earth System." British Journal of Political Science 46, no. 4 (November 28, 2014): 937–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123414000453.
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The unusually stable Earth system of the Holocene epoch of the past 10,000 years, in which human civilization arose, is yielding to a more dynamic and unstable Anthropocene epoch driven by human practices. The consequences for key institutions, such as states, markets and global governance, are profound. Path dependency in institutions complicit in destabilizing the Earth system constrains response to this emerging epoch. Institutional analysis highlights reflexivity as the antidote to problematic path dependency. A more ecological discourse stresses resilience, foresight and state shifts in the Earth system. Ecosystemic reflexivity can be located as the first virtue of political institutions in the Anthropocene. Undermining all normative institutional models, this analysis enables re-thinking of political institutions in dynamic social-ecological terms.
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Chilaka, Cynthia Adaku, Jude Ejikeme Obidiegwu, Augusta Chinenye Chilaka, Olusegun Oladimeji Atanda, and Angela Mally. "Mycotoxin Regulatory Status in Africa: A Decade of Weak Institutional Efforts." Toxins 14, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070442.
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Food safety problems are a major hindrance to achieving food security, trade, and healthy living in Africa. Fungi and their secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins, represent an important concern in this regard. Attempts such as agricultural, storage, and processing practices, and creation of awareness to tackle the menace of fungi and mycotoxins have yielded measurable outcomes especially in developed countries, where there are comprehensive mycotoxin legislations and enforcement schemes. Conversely, most African countries do not have mycotoxin regulatory limits and even when available, are only applied for international trade. Factors such as food insecurity, public ignorance, climate change, poor infrastructure, poor research funding, incorrect prioritization of resources, and nonchalant attitudes that exist among governmental organisations and other stakeholders further complicate the situation. In the present review, we discuss the status of mycotoxin regulation in Africa, with emphasis on the impact of weak mycotoxin legislations and enforcement on African trade, agriculture, and health. Furthermore, we discuss the factors limiting the establishment and control of mycotoxins in the region.
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Yaya, Coulibaly, Kra Kouadio Eugène, and Coulibaly Amadou. "Occupation Anarchique Du Domaine Public Dans La Commune De Yopougon A Abidjan : Une Complicite Des Autorites Locales ?" European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 32 (November 30, 2017): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n32p248.
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Long perceived as an institutional response to the problem of local development, the decentralization adopted and introduced in the 1980s favored the creation of numerous communes in Côte d'Ivoire. These local and regional authorities, which in principle have legal personality and financial autonomy, are struggling to satisfy the expectations of politicians and populations. Consequently, the consequences are felt in space and we are witnessing an anarchic and illegal occupation of public servitudes as is the case in the commune of Yopougon in Abidjan. The present study is thus a contribution to the lasting resolution of the problem of the anarchic occupation of the public domain for the preservation of the urban landscape of municipalities. The main objective is to show the impact on the urban landscape of the use of the improvement of municipalities' own revenue. The methodology used to achieve this objective was based on the observation, inventory of the spaces documentary research, observation and maintenance with local and governmental authorities to obtain data on the mode of acquisition and enhancement of spaces. The results reveal that these areas are occupied with more or less the agreement of the various local and governmental authorities and their management remains problematic.
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Dollinger, Mollie, and Jason Brown. "An institutional framework to guide the comparison of work-integrated learning." Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability 10, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2019vol10no1art780.
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Work-based placements, site visits, field trips and embedded industry-informed curriculum are employability strategies frequently applied by universities, and clustered under the umbrella term – work-integrated learning (WIL). Referring to each of these strategies as WIL can complicate comparisons (e.g. long-term placements vs. field trips) and can lead WIL related research to diverge in multiple directions. To support comparison and help guide institutional decision-making relating to WIL, the positioning of this article aligns with a recent stream of literature that attempts to outline, contrast and differentiate between various activities aimed at enhancing graduate employability. Four distinct WIL case studies from three Australian universities are described in this article: (a) students working in teams with industry partners (n=23), (b) students co-creating learning resources (n=7), (c) a student-staff partnership (n=2), and (d) students acting as peer-learning advisors (n=5). The cases were considered across five key factors: 1) ease of implementation, 2) barriers, 3) scalability, 4) authenticity, and 5) proximity. Using empirical data, the findings within the article contribute an institutional framework that highlights the benefits and drawbacks associated with differences across WIL types, intended to support good WIL practice among administrators, teachers and staff.
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Folger, Robert. "The Absent Cause of World Literature." European Review 21, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798712000403.
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The resurgence of World Literature must be seen in relation to the economization of all spheres of life. Traditional, ‘specialized’ literary criticism replicates literature's power to interpellate subjects characterized by attention. Both literature and state funded literary criticism in research and teaching are currently under siege because they are counter-hegemonic in relation to a lifeworld shaped by a global attention deficit syndrome, which is the bedrock of a hypertrophic consumerism. Recent proposals for writing histories and systematic descriptions of World Literature are complicit with this move because they champion, to the detriment of deep attention, the relevance, mobility, exchange value, and translatability of texts, successfully competing with traditional ‘painstaking’ practices of literary criticism for ever dwindling institutional resources.
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Sumner, Jennifer, and Lori Sexton. "Same Difference: The “Dilemma of Difference” and the Incarceration of Transgender Prisoners." Law & Social Inquiry 41, no. 03 (2016): 616–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12193.
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This article examines the “dilemma of difference” transgender prisoners pose and face within a sex-segregated prison system organized around the pursuit of safety and security. Our analysis uses data from a study of the culture and experiences of transgender prisoners in four men's prisons. Using qualitative data from interviews with transgender prisoners, focus groups with prisoners, and focus groups with staff, our findings reveal a common contention that transgender prisoners are (according to staff) and should be (according to prisoners) treated like everyone else, despite their unique situations. This further demonstrates the stakes that this dilemma carries for the prison regime and transgender prisoners' roles in challenging it without engaging in overt resistance—which carries high stakes for them. Accordingly, we elucidate how the rigidity of an institutional structure built on inherent contradictions can have the potential to complicate the achievement of institutional goals.
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Jha, Rishi. "Civilizing the political society? Redevelopment regime and Urban Poor’s Rights in Mumbai." Community Development Journal 55, no. 2 (October 23, 2018): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsy016.
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Abstract This article is concerned with informality-state relations, subaltern politics and citizenship in the context of the urban redevelopment regime. Based on an empirical study of an NGO (SPARC)-mediated resettlement of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) in Mumbai, it explicates the incomplete ‘civilizing of the political society’ which engenders asymmetrical material and leadership enablement and differential subjectivities at the community levels. The state co-opts SPARC’s institutional framework to mediate resettlement, engender limited traversal from ‘population’ to ‘citizen’, restrict democratic liberation and subject the PAPs to bifold governance against the antagonistic articulations of state-subaltern relations, viz. ‘political society’ and ‘deep democracy’. SPARC’s institutional claims of inclusion and community-centric resettlement, non-confrontational negotiations and politics of patience are materialized through institutional coercion, domesticated confrontations and inadequate compensation, and are augmented by the PAPs’ calculative rationalities, fear of homelessness and anticipation of urban citizenship. Against this backdrop and amid further post-resettlement marginalities that complicate housing-based ‘substantive citizenship’ and ‘political society’-based mediation, this article calls for a re-politicization of the redevelopment discourse to seek alternate possibilities of urban citizenship for the urban subaltern.
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Feller, Gavin. "Uncanny and Doubly Liminal: Social Media, Cross-Cultural Reentry, and lds/Mormon Missionary Religious Identity." Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture 7, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25888099-00701002.
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This study offers a theoretical perspective on the role of social media in the transition home for returning missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (lds/Mormon). Despite a long tradition of strict lds institutional norms aimed at sheltering full-time church missionaries from outside media influences, missionaries are today increasingly encouraged to use social media sites in their proselytizing efforts. Through qualitative, in-depth interviews with recently returned lds missionaries, this study explores the role Facebook plays in facilitating the maintenance of mission relationships after missionaries have returned home, something interviewees said helps them retain the sense of religious commitment and identity developed through missionary service. Interview findings also complicate the potential benefits of social media use, providing evidence for the argument that returning lds missionaries are often caught between media technology, personal media preferences, institutional authority, and popular culture. These individuals seem to occupy a doubly liminal position between full-time proselytizing and life at home, between a historical religious tradition of missionary media isolation and an emerging institutional embrace of social media—all of which results in what might best be described as an uncanny experience.