Academic literature on the topic 'Institution not elsewhere classified'
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Journal articles on the topic "Institution not elsewhere classified"
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Hughes, Kenneth V., Michael C. Bard, Jean E. Lewis, Jan L. Kasperbauer, and George W. Facer. "Hemangiopericytoma of the Nasal Cavity: A Review of 15 Cases over a 40-Year Period." American Journal of Rhinology 6, no. 6 (November 1992): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065892781976655.
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Hemangiopericytomas are rare tumors of vascular origin most commonly found in the extremities or retroperitoneal area. When they originate from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, they tend to be less aggressive and generally do not metastasize. The term “hemangiopericytoma-like lesion” has been coined for sinonasal hemangiopericytomas that display more benign histologic and growth characteristics than do those located elsewhere. Fifteen cases of hemangiopericytoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were reviewed over the period 1951 to 1990; included are follow-up data on cases reported earlier from this institution. The clinical course, management, and outcome was evaluated and correlated with the histologic characteristics of the tumors. The recurrence rate in our series was 13.3%; the mean follow-up was 11 years. No patients died of their disease or had evidence of metastatic disease. This clinicopathologic review suggests that sinonasal hemangiopericytomas should not be classified as “hemangiopericytoma-like” lesions; rather, they should be expected to have significant local recurrence rates with low rates of distant metastasis and mortality. Long-term follow-up is essential as there can be local recurrence after many years.
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Huang, Qin, Alona Muzitansky, and Eugene J. Mark. "Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 126, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2002-126-0545-pnc.
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Abstract Context.—Primary pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are traditionally classified into 3 major types: typical carcinoid (TC), atypical carcinoid (AC), and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LC) or small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SC). Confusion arises frequently regarding the malignant nature of TC and the morphologic differentiation between AC and LC or SC. Objective.—To provide clinicopathologic evidence to streamline and clarify the histomorphologic criteria for this group of tumors, emphasizing the prognostic implications. Patients.—To minimize variability in diagnostic criteria and treatment plans, we analyzed a group of patients whose diagnosis and treatment occurred at a single institution. We reviewed 234 cases of primary pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and thoroughly studied 50 cases of resected tumors from 1986 to 1995. Results.—On the basis of morphologic characteristics and biologic behaviors of the tumors, we agree with many previous investigators that these tumors are all malignant and potentially aggressive. Based on our accumulated data, we have modified Gould criteria and reclassified these tumors into 5 types: (1) well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (otherwise called TC) (14 cases, with less than 1 mitosis per 10 high-power fields [HPF] with or without minimal necrosis); (2) moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (otherwise called low-grade AC) (6 cases, with less than 10 mitoses per 10 HPF and necrosis evident at high magnification); (3) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (otherwise called high-grade AC) (10 cases, with more than 10 mitoses per 10 HPF and necrosis evident at low-power magnification); (4) undifferentiated LC (5 cases, with more than 30 mitoses per 10 HPF and marked necrosis); and (5) undifferentiated SC (15 cases, with more than 30 mitoses per 10 HPF and marked necrosis). The 5-year survival rates were 93%, 83%, 70%, 60%, and 40% for well, moderately, and poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated large cell and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, respectively. We found nodal metastasis in 28% of TC in this retrospective review, a figure higher than previously recorded. Conclusion.—Using a grading system and terms comparable to those used for many years and used for neuroendocrine tumors elsewhere in the body, we found that classification of pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas as well, moderately, poorly differentiated, or undifferentiated provides prognostic information and avoids misleading terms and concepts. This facilitates communication between pathologists and clinicians and thereby improves diagnosis and management of the patient.
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Laakso, Maria. "Nuorten lokerointi ja kehittyminen Salla Simukan nuortendystopiaromaaneissa Jäljellä ja Toisaalla." Sananjalka 60, no. 60. (December 17, 2018): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30673/sja.70037.
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Coming of age and classification of adolescents In Salla Simukka’s YA-dystopias Jäljellä and Toisaalla
Finnish YA-author Salla Simukka takes a current societal problem into the center of her novel pair Jäljellä (Left Over, not translated, 2012) and Toisaalla (Elsewhere, not translated, 2012). These novels criticize the current system, where even young children are forced to choose specialized studies and make decisions that affect their whole future. This is a consequence on a modern western information society, where branches of knowledge are differentiated. These theme Simukka’s novels handle with the methods off dystopic fiction.
Both novels depict a dystopic world, where adolescents are classified into groups based on their personality and their talents. Both novels depict a world very much like our own, but the time of the story lies in the near future. As usual to the dystopic fiction the author pics up some existing progressions from the reality and then extends those conditions into a future, and this way the flaws of the current conditions are revealed. In my article I claim, that Simukka’s novels take under critical consideration the whole Western concept of coming of age. Especially crucial is the idea of growth as being something controllable. In western cultures the growing up of an individual is standardized and regulated by institutions and fields of science such us daycare, school, medicine, and psychology. In Simukka’s novels this idea is exaggerated but still recognizable.
The motif of classifications or sorting the adolescents has lately been popular in YA-fantasy and YA-dystopia. Simukka’s novels borrow from two bestsellers: J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter -series (1997–2007), and Veronica Roth’s Divergent-series (2011–2013). These examples seem to prove, that the idea of adolescents of being sorted or being classified is important in contemporary genre fiction targeting young audiences. Sorting or classification as motifs seem to be connected to the contemporary understanding of youth and growing up.
In this article I consider the classification motif in Simukka’s novel. I consentrate especially to the connections between the motif and the wider theme of growing up. I examine the motif beside the Western ideas of growth and coming of age. Besides that I also study the different genre frames Simukka’s novels use to discuss of growing up in contemporary society. These genre traditions include dystopic fiction, YA-literature and fairytale. In this article I propose, that the classification motif allegorizes the demands set to adolescents in contemporary society but also appeals to the young readers as a fantasy of belonging to the group.
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Ferrucci, Pier Francesco, Bruno Achutti Duso, Luigi Nezi, Luca Mazzarella, Fiorenza Lotti, Sara Gandini, Gianmarco Orsolini, et al. "Abstract CT167: Neoadjuvant ipilimumab/nivolumab in locally advanced or oligometastatic melanoma: An open label, single arm, multi-institutional clinical study with molecular and immunological biomarker’s analysis." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): CT167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-ct167.
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Abstract Efficacy, safety, together with molecular and immunological biomarkers were studied in a sequential clinical trial of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced or oligometastatic melanoma patients (pts), within an open label, single arm and two sites study. Treatment schedule consisted in four primary cycles of inverted dose ipilimumab 1 mg/kg and nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks, followed by radical surgery and adjuvant nivolumab 480 mg every 4 weeks for 6 cycles. Primary objective was pathological complete remission (pCR) rate, according to International Neoadjuvant Melanoma Consortium (INMC) criteria, while secondary objectives were: safety, feasibility and efficacy; QoL; identification of biomarkers of response and resistance; degree of immune activation; longitudinal evaluation of the gut microbiome. From March 2019 to April 2021, 43 pts were enrolled in the trial and, with an intent to treat of 35 pts, 34 completed the primary phase, 31 received surgery and 28 completed the adjuvant phase. Four pts were withdrawn during primary phase for progression (2), toxicity (1) and consent withdrawal (1). Study primary endpoint has been met since 20/31 pts undergoing surgery reached a pCR/near pCR (65%), 4/31 (13%) a pathological partial remission (pPR) and 7/31 (22%) pts a pathological no response. With a median follow-up of 17 months, 33/35 pts are alive. Treatment failure occurred in 9 pts: 2 pts progressed during primary phase and did not undergo surgery; 7 pts progressed during adjuvant (3 pts) or follow-up phase (4 pts). Six out of these 7 pts were classified as pNR at surgery, while the other, classified as pCR, did not receive adjuvant therapy. Both pts in stage IV relapsed. Unfortunately, one pt died for ischemic stroke after 5 months from adjuvant therapy while on CR. Treatment related toxicities were mainly G1-2 and only 6 pts (17%) developed G3-4 adverse events (AE): 3 transaminitis, 1 pneumonitis, 1 myocarditis, 1 CPK increase and 1 dermatomyositis. Translational studies on samples collected before, during therapy and at progression have been performed: whole exome sequencing and gut microbiota dynamics on longitudinal samples showed some relationships with responses and developing resistances. These data, never presented elsewhere previously, are in part new and in part confirmatory of immunological or molecular signatures described by other groups. In conclusion, primary immunotherapy with Ipilimumab/Nivolumab in pts affected by locally advanced/oligometastatic melanoma is able to achieve an elevated pCR/near pCR rate which appears to be predictive of long term relapse free survival. Translational data analyzed longitudinally on each patient can allow for a better selection of pts, giving new insight on the mechanisms of melanoma progression and resistance. Citation Format: Pier Francesco Ferrucci, Bruno Achutti Duso, Luigi Nezi, Luca Mazzarella, Fiorenza Lotti, Sara Gandini, Gianmarco Orsolini, Elisabetta Pennacchioli, Patrizia Gnagnarella, Teresa Manzo, Simone Ribero, Maria Teresa Fierro, Rebecca Senetta, Concetta Riviello, Virginia Caliendo, Pietro Quaglino, Massino Barberis, Giuseppina Bonizzi, Emilia Cocorocchio. Neoadjuvant ipilimumab/nivolumab in locally advanced or oligometastatic melanoma: An open label, single arm, multi-institutional clinical study with molecular and immunological biomarker’s analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT167.
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Masarova, Lucia, Prithviraj Bose, Naveen Pemmaraju, Zeev E. Estrov, Lingsha Zhou, Sherry A. Pierce, Jorge E. Cortes, Hagop M. Kantarjian, and Srdan Verstovsek. "Evaluation of Cytogenetic Stratifications in Myelofibrosis." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-120225.
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Abstract Introduction: The revised cytogenetic risk stratification of patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) divided patients into 3 prognostic categories, with additional new category of very high risk patients (VHR). This score should enhance traditional classification incorporated in the Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System-Plus (DIPPS-Plus). Objective: To evaluate the prognostic utility of cytogenetic stratifications (DIPSS-Plus and the revised cytogenetic model) in patients with PMF referred to our institution between 1984 and 2016. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 883 patients with PMF with available cytogenetic analysis at the time of referral to our institution (> 10 metaphases). Cytogenetic was reported according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. Patients were classified into cytogenetic risks based on DIPSS-Plus (Gangat, JCO, 2011), and the revised cytogenetic model (Tefferi, Leukemia, 2017). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and groups were compared by the log rank test. Impact of cytogenetic abnormalities on OS was also evaluated by comparing them against patients with diploid karyotype using stepwise Cox regression. Results: Median age was 66 years (range, 27-88), and 64% of patients were male. The distribution of DIPSS scores was as follows: 8% low, 48% intermediate 1, 44% intermediate 2 and 14% high. OS in each DIPSS category was 53, 46, 26, 15 months (p<0.001). The JAK2, MPL and CALR mutation was present in 55% (n=486), 6% (n=50), and 7% (n=64). Overall, 563 (64%) patients had diploid karyotype. The most frequent abnormal karyotypes were single 20q- (n=68, 8%), single 13q- (n=40, 4.5%), and ≥3 abnormalities (Abn; complex karyotype, CK, n=52, 6%). Among patients with CK, 27 (52%) pts had VHR Abn. After a median follow-up of 22.4 months (range, 0.5-251); 708 (80%) of patients died. Eighty five patients (10%) developed acute leukemia, 39% of these patients had CK. According to DIPSS-plus, patients were stratified into favorable (FAV, n=758, 86%) and unfavorable (UNF, n=126, 14%) category with distinct median OS of 35 months (range, 31-39), and 17 months (range, 11.6-22), p < 0.001 (HR 1.37, [95% CI 1.11-1.7]). Three year OS was 49% and 32%, respectively (Figure 1a). The revised cytogenetic stratification classified patients into favorable (n=687, 78%), unfavorable (n=151, 17%), and VHR (n=47, 5%) with respective OS of 35, 32 and 10 months (overall p<0.001, FAV vs UNF p= 0.8; Figure 1b); similar between patients in favorable and unfavorable groups. Three year OS for each group was 49%, 46% and 12%, respectively. OS of patients with individual cytogenetics (as used in the revised classification) is depicted in Table. Patients with single deletion 13q have significantly inferior OS than the remaining patients in FAV group. Patients with sole abnormality of chromosome 1 and trisomy 9 had the longest OS within the FAV group, but without reaching a statistical significance. Similarly, patients with sole trisomy 8, sole deletion 7q/5q, and other sole Abn not included elsewhere, had inferior OS when compared to the remaining patients in UNF group (Table 1). After re-grouping patients with different OS from FAV and UNF groups, we have noticed an intermediate group of patients containing the above mentioned Abn with distinctly different OS from FAV and UNF group of 24 months (range, 14.5-33; Figure 1c). Conclusions: Results from our cohort of 883 PMF patients did not confirm better discriminatory power of revised cytogenetic stratification model when compared to the DIPSS-Plus, as it failed to differentiate different OS between favorable and unfavorable groups. In our cohort, patients with single deletion 13q, single trisomy 8, and abnormalities of 5q/7q have superior OS to very high risk patients, but inferior to all remaining patients. Because the revised cytogenetic stratification has been already incorporated into newer complex molecular prognostic models of patients with PMF (MIPSSversion2.0, GIPSS), its further validation is warranted. Table Abbr.: Chr, chromosome, del, deletion, DUP, duplication, transl, translocation, excl, excluding; ¥OTHER solo: INV(9) in [3], Abn chr. 11, 12, 16, 17, 18 (mostly deletion of p/q arms, or addition) [7]; VHR = very high risk (-7; inv(3)/3q21; i(17q); 12p-/12p11.2; 11q-/11q23; autosomal trisomies excl. +8/+9). Disclosures Bose: Incyte Corporation: Honoraria, Research Funding; CTI BioPharma: Research Funding; Astellas Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Constellation Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pfizer, Inc.: Research Funding; Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Research Funding; Blueprint Medicines Corporation: Research Funding. Pemmaraju:plexxikon: Research Funding; cellectis: Research Funding; Affymetrix: Research Funding; daiichi sankyo: Research Funding; stemline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; novartis: Research Funding; samus: Research Funding; celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; abbvie: Research Funding; SagerStrong Foundation: Research Funding. Cortes:novartis: Research Funding. Verstovsek:Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Consultancy; Italfarmaco: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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VAN DER PERS, MARIEKE, EVA U. B. KIBELE, and CLARA H. MULDER. "Intergenerational proximity and the residential relocation of older people to care institutions and elsewhere." Ageing and Society 35, no. 7 (April 8, 2014): 1429–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x14000300.
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ABSTRACTWe investigated the extent to which the geographic proximity of adult children affected the relocations of older people in the Netherlands in 2008. A major contribution of this study is the examination of the differentiation between relocation to care institutions and elsewhere. Data from the Dutch population register linked to complementary datasets were analysed for nearly one million inhabitants aged 75 and above, using multinomial logistic regression models to estimate the effects of intergenerational proximity and of other factors on the propensity to relocate to an institution and elsewhere. An interaction of proximity with partnership status as an indicator of the presence of an important care provider was considered. We found that older people were less likely to move elsewhere when their children were living very close by, and were more likely to do so when their children were living farther away. Having children living close was negatively associated with the likelihood of moving to a care institution. Very close proximity had an additional negative effect on the propensity of older people with a partner to relocate elsewhere whereas the negative effect was less for older people without a partner on moving elsewhere. Our findings did, however, show that (recently) widowed people were more likely to move elsewhere when their children were living more than 40 kilometres away.
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Brown, Tiffany A., Pamela K. Keel, and Ruth H. Striegel. "Feeding and Eating Conditions Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC) inDSM-5." Psychiatric Annals 42, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20121105-08.
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Saskin, Aliza, Yulia Lin, Richard A. Wells, Martha Lenis, Alex Mamedov, Jeannie Callum, and Rena Buckstein. "Prophylactic Rh and Kell Antigen Matching Significantly Decreases Rates of Alloimmunization in Transfusion Dependent MDS Patients." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4297.4297.
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Abstract Background: 40-80 % of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) become transfusion dependent during their disease course and are at risk for the development of alloimmunization. Red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies can make finding compatible blood for transfusion more difficult, expensive and time consuming. Allommunization rates of approximately 30-47% have been reported in patients with sickle cell disease and the transfusion of RBCs prophylactically matched for Rh antigens E and C, and K antigens reduced the rate of alloimmunization from 3% to 0.5% per unit (Vichinsky et al, 2001). In 2007, our hospital instituted a policy of transfusing prophylactic Rh and K matched blood to MDS patients. The objectives of this study were to compare the rates of alloimmunization in MDS patients who received prophylactic Rh and K matched blood compared to those that did not and identify potential risk factors for alloimmunization. Methods: 193 Transfusion dependent MDS patients were identified out of 387 patients registered and prospectively followed in a local MDS registry. Transfusion dependence was defined as the receipt of at least 1 unit of PRBC every 8 weeks for a minimum of 16 weeks. Records of transfusions received up to May 1, 2014 were collected from blood bank databases of the hospitals at which patients were transfused. Patients were classified according to whether phenotyping had been performed, the location of transfusions (transfused only at our institution, transfused only at an outside institution or transfused at both sites) and whether prophylactic Rh (E, C antigens) and K matched blood was transfused. Data were descriptively analyzed and we conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression using p< 0.05 as statistically significant to identify risk factors for alloimmunization. Results: 176 MDS patients with complete transfusion records are included, 73 transfused at Sunnybrook, 92 transfused in community hospitals and 11 at both. The median age was 72 yrs (range 22-89), 60% were male, and 8%, 43% and 27% had very low, low and intermediate risk R-IPSS scores respectively. Median follow up was 2.9 years (IQR 1.6-5) 3.49 SD). Blood groups O, A, B, AB and O were 45%, 38%, 15% and 2% respectively, while 85% were RhD+. The median time from diagnosis until first transfusion was 4 months (IQR: 0.2-14), with 51 patients having received at least 1 transfusion prior to diagnosis at a median time of 0.9 months. 4.5% had a pre-existing allo-antibody at time of MDS diagnosis. With a median follow up from diagnosis of 3 years (IQR:1.6-5)), the median number of RBC units transfused was 38 (IQR: 15-98)) and 36 (20%) patients developed new alloantibodies (median 2 (IQR (1-2.5) alloantibodies). The median number of RBC units until first allo antibody was 13.5 units (range 0-121) and 1.25 years from diagnosis (95% CI:0.4-2.1). The majority of the alloantibodies were in the Rh (n=28) and K (n=14) groups (80%) and co-existed 27% of the time. More patients transfused at our hospital received prophylactic Rh K matched blood sometimes or always (60% versus 26%) and rates of allo-immunization were decreased by 65% (absolute rate of alloimmunization 10% versus 29%). By multivariate analysis analysis, number of rbc transfused (p<.0001), receiving prophylactic phenotype matched blood (p=.0008) and location of transfusions (Sunnybrook versus elsewhere (p=.03)) were independent risk factors for alloimmunization. Conclusions: 20-30% of RBC transfusion dependent MDS patients will become allo-immunized to clinically significant blood group antigens, the majority being Rh and K antigens. The practice of phenotyping at baseline and prophylactically transfusing Rh and Kell matched blood decreases rates of alloimmunization up to 65% and should be strongly considered for routine transfusion practice in centres that treat MDS. Table 1. All Patients (n=176) Sunnybrook (n=73) Community(n=92) Ever phenotyped 45% 64% 28% Phenotyped before 1st transfusion 20% 38% 8% Developed allo-antibodies 20% 10% 29% Received prophylactic Rh K matched blood (developed alloantibodies) Never Sometimes Always 58% (16%) 24% (42%) 18% (6%) 40% (3%) 23% (23%) 37% (7%) 74% (22%) 22% (60%) 4% (0%) Figure 1. Allo Antibody free survival according to number of red cell units transfused in patients that developed an allo-antibody Figure 1. Allo Antibody free survival according to number of red cell units transfused in patients that developed an allo-antibody Disclosures Wells: Celgene: Honoraria, Other, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Alexion: Honoraria, Research Funding. Buckstein:Celgene: Research Funding.
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Fatic, Aleksandar. "Key issues in fighting organised crime in the Balkans." Medjunarodni problemi 57, no. 1-2 (2005): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0502071f.
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Traditional definitions of organised crime tend to focus on its links with the market. They depict organised crime as an alternative industry based on the stable supply of a criminal market, characterised by the use of force or threat by it, and motivated by illicit profit or a quest of political power. These definitions arise from the historically most common depictions of specific activities of organised crime, which in most parts of Europe and North America have traditionally been associated with the illegal collection of debts, extortion rackets, contract murders or systemic corruption leading to, and associated with, a transnational trade in drugs. Through the evolution of the definitions, these stereotypes have gradually waned away, and the use of violence, as well as the primary motivation by material profit, has been omitted from the lists of obligatory characteristics that a crime must fulfill in order to be classified as ?organised crime?. More recently, in the European Union definition, the use of violence and motivation by profit alone have been made only conditional criteria, and the quest of institutional power has been recognised as a motivating factor for organised crime equal to that of generating illicit profit. These new definitional approaches have opened the way to revolutionary ways of understanding the development of organised crime, specifically to including white-collar crime and massive fraud in the future definitions of organised crime, as well as further elaborating the aspect of political violence that is present in many organised crime activities across the world. In the Balkans, these new moments in defining organised crime appear to have been tested particularly directly in Serbia, where, first, there has been a long public debate over a systematic ?siphoning away? of public funds to the accounts of private companies through the mass corruption of a former, post-communist government until 2001. Subsequently, organised criminal rings have been accused of having masterminded and executed the assassination of the late Serbian Prime Minister, Dr Zoran Djindjic. The Balkans, and particularly Serbia, have been exposed to some of the most destructive consequences of organised crime. Correspondingly, the region can serve as a polygon or testing grounds for the exploration of the conceptual issues associated with organised crime. Finally, the experiences in crime control gained in this process could be valuable tools to address organised crime elsewhere. This especially concerns the emergence of what has recently become known in criminological discourse as the ?New War-Making Criminal Entity?. This paper explores the key features of organised crime against the background of the Serbian, and, by extension, Balkan circumstances, and draws conclusions as to how these experiences can be useful more globally.
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Cook, Jeffrey, and Tanis Hinchcliffe. "Designing the well-tempered institution of 1873." Architectural Research Quarterly 1, no. 2 (1995): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500002773.
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The Museum of Natural History in London exemplified the state of environmental services when it was built in 1873. Although the admirable qualities of the building's natural lighting have sometimes been noticed, other aspects of its environmental design have drawn little comment. This paper explores the fabric of the building behind the scenes, related to the integral construction for ventilation. Recent on-site investigations under the floor of the basement, within the attics and elsewhere, reveal the former presence of a comprehensive fresh-air ventilation system of surprising versatility before the advent of electrically-driven fans. Archival documents provide details. The design and performance of such fresh-air systems inform us about the evolution of building services and about the practice of architecture and engineering as distinct professions. And the forgotten knowledge revealed may serve to help in the design of natural and low energy systems for large buildings today.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Institution not elsewhere classified"
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Kosmaoglou, Sophia. "The self-conscious artist and the politics of art : from institutional critique to underground cinema." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8000/.
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The current debates about political art or aesthetic politics do not take the politics of art into account. How can artists address social politics when the politics of art remain opaque? Artists situated critically within the museum self-consciously acknowledge the institutional frame and their own complicity with it. Artists’ compromised role within the institution of art obscures their radically opposed values. Institutions are conservative hierarchies that aim to augment and consolidate their authority. How can works of art be liberating when the institutional conditions within which they are exhibited are exclusive, compromised and exploitive? Despite their purported neutrality, art institutions instrumentalise art politically and ideologically. Institutional mediation defines the work of art in the terms of its own ideology, controlling the legitimate discourse on value and meaning in art. In a society where everything is instrumentalised and heteronomously defined, autonomous art performs a social critique. Yet how is it possible to make autonomous works of art when they are instantly recuperated by commercial and ideological interests? At a certain point, my own art practice could no longer sustain these contradictions. This thesis researches the possibilities for a sustainable and uncompromised art practice. If art is the critical alternative to society then it must function critically and alternatively. Artistic ambition is not just a matter of aesthetic objectives or professional anxiety; it is particularly a matter of the values that artists affirm through their practice. Art can define its own terms of production and the burden of responsibility falls on artists. The Exploding Cinema Collective has survived independently for twenty years, testifying to this principle. Autonomy is a valuable tool in the critique of heteronomy, but artists must assert it. The concept of the autonomy of art must be replaced with the concept of the autonomy of the artist.
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Maycock, Eno Amasi. "An investigation into performance based pay in Nigerian financial institutions." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/134355.
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Purpose: To critically investigate the effect/impact the implementation of both team and individual based pay has when responses are measured in terms of teamworking, job satisfaction, culture and commitment in 2 Nigerian financial institutions. Design/methodology/approach: The study presents the first empirical case-study research carried out in Nigeria. The data are based on 2 Nigerian financial institutions surveys from 2002 to 2006. The analysis addresses the impact of the introduction of PRP within these institutions. Questionnaires were sent out to the 226 employees. Interviews and focus groups were also carried out with both managers and employees across both organisations. Findings: The findings indicate the importance of valence for monetary incentives, the instrumentality of performance for the monetary incentives and clear individual and group objectives for improving performance. On the basis of the analysis of the data from employees covered by the scheme, the results suggests that there are clear indications that it has raised motivational levels, though employees prefer working with individual performance related pay than in teams, but would not mind working in teams if it is linked to a reward, but the responses indicate that individual performance related pay has damaged the concept of team working. The results indicated a positive link of PRP having a positive effect with employees on higher grade levels; this result support other results from a number of earlier UK studies. The results also indicate that the introduction of PRP can enhance culture change and enhanced performance but may not ultimately lead to commitment from employees. The findings also indicate a positive link between PRP, improved individual and organisational performance, change in culture and job satisfaction. Though the research indicates positive outcomes from one organisation it also indicates negative outcomes from the other organisation. Why would that occur, as both organisations operate the same form of individual PRP? It leads the researcher to conclude that PRP must be modified to take into account the cultural (national & organisational) implications of the transference western management practices into non-western organisations. The research finishes by listing out implications for management and recommendations. Research limitations: As this study utilises data from Nigerian financial institutions only, its results cannot be generalised to other sectors and countries characterised by different cultures and contexts. However, what is critical though is that the approach used to finding these results can be applied in a wide variety of situations, thus enabling the examination of external validity. ORIGINALITY/VALUE – This study is one of the first to explore the effect/impact of the introduction of performance related pay in Nigerian financial institutions and reflecting on the historic cultural context of gift giving and culture within organisations and the impact this has on the success or failure of PRP schemes. It also provides a new empirical evidence on the use of performance related pay. The results also show a link between the introduction of performance related pay and a change in the psychological contract from a relational contract to a transactional psychological contract, where commitment (bought) and loyalty is based on the monetary aspects of the relationship. The results supports an interpretation of incentive pay as motivated by expectancy theory and provides new evidence on the relationship between the success of performance related and its use by employees as a bargaining tool for salary increases and new job roles. Its implications should be of interest to human resource managers when designing reward strategies for their organisations.
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Taboada, Manuela B. "Oceanografia UFBA : Desenvolvimento de Marca, Imagem e Identidade." Thesis, Universidade Federal da Bahia / Federal University of Bahia, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59487/1/projeto_corrigido.pdf.
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A well-developed brand helps to establish a solid identity and creates support to an image that is coherent to the actual motivations in an institution. Educational institutions have inherent characteristics that are diverse from the other sort of institutions, mainly when the focus is set on its internal and external publics. Consequently, these institutions should deal with the development of their brand and identity system also in a different approach. This research aims to investigate the traditional methodology for brand and identity systems development and proposes some modifications in order to allow a broader inclusion of the stakeholders in the process.
The implementation of the new Oceanography Course in the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) offered a unique opportunity to investigate and test these new strategies. In order to investigate and relate the image, identity, interaction and experience concepts through a participative methodology, this research project applies the new suggested strategies in the development of a brand and an identity system for the Oceanography Course in UFBA.
Open surveys have been carried out between the alumni, lecturers and coordination body, in order to discover and establish a symbol for the course. The statistic analysis of the surveys’ results showed clear aesthetic preferences to some icons and colours to represent the course. The participative methodology celebrated, in this project, a democratization of the generally expert-centred brand development process.
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Sochting, Sven. "The effects of operating conditions on the hydrodynamic lubricant film thickness at the piston-ring/cylinder liner interface of a firing diesel engine." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21027/.
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Conventional investigations into the performance of piston-rings in internal combustion engines are performed at relatively low speeds and consider only steady state operation conditions. Loss of power in internal combustion (IC) engines is becoming an increasing issue when they are operated at high engine speeds. This project is directed at developing technology to establish whether this phenomenon is influenced by a lubricant related effect. In a normal operating environment automotive engines typically operate under transient operating conditions. These rapid changes in operation conditions may influence the thickness of the hydrodynamic film which lubricates the interfaces between the piston-ring and liner. During this project two capacitance methods were employed in a fired compression ignition engine, an amplitude modulated (AM) system originally developed by Grice and a new "high speed" capacitance technique based on a frequency modulated principle. The first part of this thesis is concerned with the development and implementation of a new apparatus suitable for measuring the thickness and extent of the hydrodynamic oil film which lubricates the piston-rings and liner. The nature of the working principle of the high speed capacitance measurement system required the design, manufacture, assembly and commissioning of a novel dynamic calibration apparatus. The new system can also be used for static calibration (AM system) of capacitance based distance measuring systems. It uses a manufacturer calibrated closed loop controlled piezo-actuator to present a target relative to the sensor face. Some previous investigations concluded a stable oil film thickness. However, this work shows that there are cyclic variations of the oil film thickness OFT on a stroke to stroke and cycle to cycle basis. A series of measurements was conducted under various fixed speed load points. The effects of using lubricants of different viscosity on the minimum (OFT) between liner and piston ring have been little studied and this work shows that it was possible to speciate measurements of different lubricants. This thesis also describes a measurement of the oil film thickness during abrupt changes in engine operating conditions.
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(9017825), Sharlane S. Cleare. "THE EXPERIENCES OF UNDERGRADUATE BLACK WOMEN IN AN ACTIVE LEARNING HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN COURSE AT A PREDOMINANTLY WHITE INSTITUTION." Thesis, 2020.
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Black women’s underrepresentation in STEM disciplines remains an urgent problem of major concern in higher education institutions across the United States. The purpose of this investigation was to explore Black women’s experiences in an active learning STEM Human Centered Design course at a Predominantly White Institution. It also examined how these experiences influenced Black women’s intent to persist in STEM educational pathways. Black Feminist Thought Theoretical Framework was used to conceptualize and interpret the experiences of five Black female first year undergraduate students at a Predominantly White Institution in the Midwestern region of the United States. This qualitative case study research utilized semi structured interviews, direct observations, and documents to gather and triangulate data for this study. The findings from this study revealed that: (a) Imposter Syndrome: An Enduring Internalized Question of Competency, (b) Undermining of Academic Abilities: Cross Examination of Intellect, (c) Lack of Diversity: A Colorless Norm, (d) Isolation: Intrinsic Sensitivity of Separation from Others were the salient experiences facing these five undergraduate Black women. This investigation contributes to the dearth of scholarship on Black women in STEM by highlighting their undergraduate experiences in a STEM course, and describing ways to ensure their persistence towards STEM educational pathways.
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(6564809), Elisabeth Krueger. "Dynamics of Coupled Natural-Human-Engineered Systems: An Urban Water Perspective on the Sustainable Management of Security and Resilience." Thesis, 2019.
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The security, resilience and sustainability of water supply in urban areas are of major concern in cities around the world. Their dynamics and long-term trajectories result from external change processes, as well as adaptive and maladaptive management practices aiming to secure urban livelihoods. This dissertation examines the dynamics of urban water systems from a social-ecological-technical systems perspective, in which infrastructure and institutions mediate the human-water-ecosystem relationship.
The three concepts of security, resilience and sustainability are often used interchangeably, making the achievement of goals addressing such challenges somewhat elusive. This becomes evident in the international policy arena, with the UN Sustainable Development Goals being the most prominent example, in which aspirations for achieving the different goals for different sectors lead to conflicting objectives. Similarly, the scientific literature remains inconclusive on characterizations and quantifiable metrics. These and other urban water challenges facing the global urban community are discussed, and research questions and objectives are introduced in Section 1.
In Section 2, I suggest distinct definitions of urban water security, resilience and sustainability: Security refers to the state of system functioning regarding water services; resilience refers to ability to absorb shocks, to adapt and transform, and therefore describes the dynamic, short- to medium-term system behavior in response to shocks and disturbances; sustainability aims to balance the needs in terms of ecology and society (humans and the economic systems they build) of today without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations. Therefore, sustainability refers to current and long-term impacts on nature and society of maintaining system functions, and therefore affects system trajectories. I suggest that sustainability should include not only local effects, but consider impacts across scales and sectors. I propose methods for the quantification of urban water security, resilience and sustainability, an approach for modeling dynamic water system behavior, as well as an integrated framework combining the three dimensions for a holistic assessment of urban water supply systems. The framework integrates natural, human and engineered system components (“Capital Portfolio Approach”) and is applied to a range of case study cities selected from a broad range of hydro-climatic and socio-economic regions on four continents. Data on urban water infrastructure and services were collected from utilities in two cities (Amman, Jordan; Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia), key stakeholder interviews and a household survey conducted in Amman. Publicly available, empirical utility data and globally accessible datasets were used to support these and additional case studies.
The data show that community adaptation significantly contributes to urban water security and resilience, but the ability to adapt is highly heterogeneous across and within cities, leading to large inequality of water security. In cities with high levels of water security and resilience, adaptive capacity remains latent (inactive), while water-insecure cities rely on community adaptation for the self-provision of services. The framework is applied for assessing individual urban water systems, as well as for cross-city comparison for different types of cities. Results show that cities fall along a continuous gradient, ranging from water insecure and non-resilient cities with inadequate service provision prone to failure in response to extant shock regimes, to water secure and resilient systems with high levels of services and immediate recovery after shocks. Although limited by diverse constraints, the analyses show that urban water security and resilience tend to co-evolve, whereas sustainability, which considers local and global sustainable management, shows highly variable results across cities. I propose that the management of urban water systems should maintain a balance of security, resilience and sustainability.
The focus in Section 3 is on intra-city patterns and mechanisms, which contribute to urban water security, resilience and sustainability. In spite of engineering design and planning, and against common expectations, intra-city patterns emerge from self-organizing processes similar to those found in nature. These are related to growth processes following the principle of preferential attachment and functional efficiency considerations, which lead to Pareto power-law probability distributions characteristic of scale-free-like structures. Results presented here show that such structures are also present in urban water distribution and sanitary sewer networks, and how deviation from such specific patterns can result in vulnerability towards cascading failures. In addition, unbounded growth, unmanaged demand and unregulated water markets can lead to large inequality, which increases failure vulnerability.
The introduction of infrastructure and institutions for providing urban water services intercedes and mediates the human-water relationship. Complexity of infrastructural and institutional setups, growth patterns, management strategies and practices result in different levels of disconnects between citizens and the ecosystems providing freshwater resources. “Invisibility” of services to citizens results from maximized water system performance. It can lead to a lack of awareness about the effort and underlying infrastructure and institutions that operate for delivering services. Data for the seven cities illustrate different portfolios of complexity, invisibility and disconnection. Empirical data gathered in a household survey and key stakeholder interviews in Amman reveals that a misalignment of stakeholder perceptions resulting from the lack of information flow between citizens and urban managers can be misguiding and can constrain the decision-making space. Unsustainable practices are fostered by invisibility and disconnection and exacerbate the threats to urban water security and resilience. Such challenges are investigated in the context of urban water system traps: the poverty and the rigidity trap. Results indicate that urban water poverty is associated with local unsustainability, while rigidity traps combined with urban demand growth gravitate towards global unsustainability.
Returning to the city-level in Section 4, I investigate urban water system evolution. The question how the trajectories of urban water security, resilience and sustainability can be managed is examined using insights from hydrological and social-ecological systems research. I propose an “Urban Budyko Landscape”, which compares urban water supply systems to hydrological catchments and highlights the different roles of supply- and demand-management of water and water-related urban services. A global assessment of 38 cities around the world puts the seven case studies in perspective, emphasizing the relevance of the proposed framework and the representative, archetypal character of the selected case studies.
Furthermore, I examine how managing for the different dimensions of the CPA (capital availability, robustness, risk and sustainable management) determines the trajectories of urban water systems. This is done by integrating the CPA with the components of social-ecological system resilience, which explain how control of the different components determines the movement of systems through states of security and resilience in a stability landscape. Finally, potential feedbacks resulting from the global environment are investigated with respect to the role that globally sustainable local and regional water management can play in determining the trajectories of urban water systems. These assessments demonstrate how the impact of supply-oriented strategies reach beyond local, regional and into global boundaries for meeting a growing urban demand, and come at the cost of global sustainability and communities elsewhere.
Despite stark differences between individual cities and large heterogeneities within cities, convergent trends and patterns emerge across systems and are revealed through application of the proposed concepts and frameworks. The implications of these findings are discussed in Section 5, and are summarized here as follows:
1) The management of urban water systems needs to move beyond the security and resilience paradigms, which focus on current system functioning and short-term behavior. Sustaining a growing global, urban population will require addressing the long-term, cross-scale and inter-sector impacts of achieving and maintaining urban water security and resilience.
2) Emergent spatial patterns are driven by optimization for the objective functions. Avoiding traps, cascading failure, extreme inequality and maintaining global urban livability requires a balance of supply- and demand-management, consideration of system complexity, size and reach (i.e., footprint), as well as internal structures and management strategies (connectedness and modularity).
3) Urban water security and resilience are threatened by long-term decline, which necessitates the transformation to urban sustainability. The key to sustainability lies in experimentation, modularization and the incorporation of interdependencies across scales, systems and sectors.
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Chen, Wen-Yuan, and 陳文淵. "Construction of Classified Model for Financial Institution Loan Potfolio by Soft Computing Method." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52906521895935333038.
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碩士亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士在職專班
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Financial institution wants to make money by traditional loaning service is becoming more difficult in such difficult management environment. The huge non-performing loans are not reduce the earning capacity of the financial institution, but also influence the stability to the whole financial system. This study collect the financial institution loans portfolio classifies factors and analyzes its classified indicator. Utilize the soft computing method to build and construct the financial institution loans portfolio classified model and rebuild new one which is more exactly and more reliable classified model. To provide a reference resource of sale by sealed tender or negotiated price when financial institution treat their non-performing loans. Test the indicator susceptibility of the classified model finally, distinguish the key factor of classification. We select one large public bank in the middle in Taiwan, use its loaning assets appraisal table from 2002 to 2007 as our case study source. According to the 「non-performing loans measures」 rules made by Ministry of Finance , financial institutions evaluate the balance sheet and out of the balance sheet, except the performing loans and overdue loans within a month ( including a month) are classified type 1, the other non-performing loans should be classified into type 2—pay attention、 type3—maybe will regain、 type 4—difficult to regain、 type5—regain hopeless, by evaluating the creditor's rights guarantee situation and the exceeding the time limit time length. In this study, we sieve 360 non-performing loans cases and 90 normal loans cases from the really cases as the samples of the loans portfolio classified model. Before constructing and proving the building of the model, it must be divide the samples into training sample and testing sample to facilitate follow-up distinguishing loans portfolio classes correctly. Training samples are used for estimating the loans portfolio classes model of financial institution, testing samples are used for distinguishing the loans portfolio classes of financial institution. The real example result shows that the correct prediction rate of training sample only the networkⅠand networkⅢ are 100% on four kinds of network structure. As its RMSE number value, the network Ⅲ (regards Norm-Cum-Delta-Rule as the rule of studying, TanH as a transfer function) is the best one, RMSE is 0.1476, and the networkⅣ (regards Norm-Cum-Delta-Rule as the rule of studying, Sigmoid is the transfer function) its RMSE number value 0.1955 is the worst one. On the test sample side, the correct prediction rate only the networkⅠand networkⅢ are 94.67% on four kinds of network structure. As its RMSE number value, the network Ⅰ (regards Delta-Rule as the rule of studying, TanH as a transfer function) is the best one, RMSE is 0.2275, and the networkⅣ (regards Norm-Cum-Delta-Rule as the rule of studying, Sigmoid is the transfer function) its RMSE number value is the worst on 0.1955. That is to say, our research regarding Delta-Rule as the rule of studying and TanH as a transfer function get the best value of back-propagation neural network model. So we use the model to analyze the sensitivity, find that noticeable parameter of influence loans portfolio classes is the the exceeding the time limit time length, and the other parameter in sequence is the collateraling value, collaterals, the debtor, the type of collateral, and collaterals located. This result can be a reference to the member of financial institute to deal with practical cases for saving time and reducing exam time. And supply financial institute some references (the case exceeding the time limit period, the collateraling value, collaterals, the debtor, the type of collateral and collaterals located) to deal with non-performing loans (NPL) sale by sealed tender gives to asset management company (AMC), make sure they can combine the optimal asset portfolio composition of NPL and undertaking the collateral, to be the treatment of sale by sealed tender or negotiated price. This can help to attract more biders on the sale process, and enhance creditor's rights returns-ratio. At same time, the classified model also can strengthen the prediction system of loan assets management, to do preventive management work well.
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(5930270), Mehdi Shishehbor. "Numerical Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Neat Cellulose Nanocrystal." Thesis, 2020.
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Nature has evolved efficient strategies to make materials with hierarchical internal structure that often exhibit exceptional mechanical properties. One such example is found in cellulose, which has achieved a high order of functionality and mechanical properties through a hierarchical structure with an exceptional control from the atomic level all the way to the macroscopic level. Cellulose is present in a wide variety of living species (trees, plants, algae, bacteria, tunicates), and provides the base reinforcement structure used by organisms for high mechanical strength, high strength-to-weight ratio, and high toughness. Additionally, being the most abundant organic substance on earth, cellulose has been used by our society as an engineering material for thousands of years, and are prolific within our society, as demonstrated by the enormity of the world-wide industries in cellulose derivatives, paper/packaging, textiles, and forest products.
More recently, a new class of cellulose base particles are being extracted from plants/trees, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are spindle-shaped nano-sized particles (3 ̶ 20 nm in width and 50 ̶ 500 nm in length) that are distinct from the more traditional cellulose materials currently used (e.g. molecular cellulose and wood pulp). They offer a new combination of particle morphology, properties and chemical functionalities that enable CNCs for use in applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials.
CNCs have shown utility in many engineering applications, for example, biomedical, nanocomposites, barrier/separation membranes and cementitious materials. To gain greater insight as to how best use CNCs in various engineering application areas, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanics of CNCs is needed. The characterization of the mechanical properties of nanomaterials via experimental testing has always been challenging due to their small size, resulting in large uncertainties related to testing near sensitivity limits of a given technique, the same is true when characterizing CNCs. For CNCs, to help offset limitations in experimental testing, numerical modeling has been useful in predicting the mechanical properties of CNCs. We present a continuum-based structural model to study the mechanical behavior of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and analyze the effect of bonded and non-bonded interactions on the mechanical properties under various loading conditions. In particular, this model assumes the uncoupling between the bonded and nonbonded interactions and their behavior is obtained from atomistic simulations.
For large deformations and when there is interaction and dynamics of many particles involved, continuum models could become as expensive as MD simulations. In addition, it has been shown that traditional material models in the continuum mechanics context, cannot model all the mechanical properties of CNC, especially for large deformation. To overcome these setbacks and to be able to model real size of CNC, 50-1000 nm, and/or to increase the number of particles involved in the simulation, a so called ‘‘coarse-grained’’ (CG) model for mechanical and interfacial properties of CNC is proposed. The proposed CG model is based on both mechanical properties and crystal-crystal interactions. Parametrization of the model is carried out in comparison with all-atom (AA) molecular dynamics and experimental results of some specific mechanical and interfacial tests.
Subsequently, verification is done with other tests. Finally, we analyze the effect of interface properties on the mechanical performance of CNC-based materials including, bending of a CNC bundle, tensile load and fracture in bioinspired structure of CNCs such as staggered brick-and-mortar and Bouligand structures of interest.
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(5930396), Jack D. Williams. "Magnetically-Coupled Circuits Systems for Wireless Excitation of Passive Stimulators for Stimulation Therapies and Application as a Treatment for Glaucoma." Thesis, 2019.
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The practice of delivering an electrical current waveform to an excitable tissue such as a structure in the brain, nerve fiber, or muscle to relieve the symptoms of disease constitutes an electrical stimulation therapy. Electrical stimulation therapies supported by implantable devices provide effective treatment options for people suffering from treatment-resistant chronic diseases that often fail to respond to medication and other traditional therapies [1, 2]. However, implantable electrical stimulators traditionally approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) use implanted batteries that require surgical replacement over years of operation and limit therapies to applications with minimal constraints on implant mass, volume, and rigidity [3, 4]. Previous works have proposed to eliminate batteries in implantable stimulators by using magnetically-coupled coils to deliver energy through radio-frequency (RF) fields, exciting alternating currents on implantable devices to be converted into stimulus pulses by rectifiers [5, 6]. Implantable stimulators without batteries may be excited by an alternative theory of operation without the use of RF fields that eliminates the need for a rectifier and permits stimulators with minimal complexity.
This work proposes an original use of magnetically-coupled circuits theory for the wireless excitation of electrical stimulation current waveforms on passive stimulators that eliminates the need for an implanted battery. The principle of the technique is to drive stimulation current waveforms on passive stimulators with electromotive forces excited by applied time-varying magnetic fields via the phenomena described by Faraday’s law of induction [7-9]. The proposed systems require a wearable driving component and a passive driven component that may either be worn or implanted. The wearable driving component must include a battery, pulse-generating circuitry, and a primary coil, whereas the driven component is a passive device requiring only a secondary coil with electrodes to contact tissue. The pulse-generating circuitry of the driving component may be implemented readily such that the design of the coils defines the challenge in the implementation of the proposed systems. The design of the coils for the proposed systems presents the potential for a nontrivial optimization problem with conflicting objectives; possible objectives for the design of the coils include maximizing the attainable peak amplitudes of the stimulation currents, obtaining various characteristics of a desired stimulation current waveform, and minimizing the variation of the stimulation currents with varying displacements between the coils. The problem posed by the design of the coils for the proposed systems is addressed by direction obtained from theoretical analyses and experiments performed in this work that supplement direction from the literature [5, 10-12]. The potential utility of the proposed theory of operation is demonstrated by enabling the first chronic electrical stimulation therapy for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The system designed for the glaucoma stimulation therapy and the methods used to quantify its electrical performance are presented along with data from experimental therapeutic trials with human participants.
Books on the topic "Institution not elsewhere classified"
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Britain, Great. Miscellaneous Manufacturing Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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Britain, Great. Manufacture of Electrical Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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Office, Central Statistical. Manufacture of Domestic Appliances Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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Britain, Great. Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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Grant, Jon E., and Marc N. Potenza. Overview of the Impulse Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified and Limitations of Knowledge. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0012.
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Several disorders have been classified together in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed.; DSM-IV) as impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified. These impulse control disorders have been grouped together based on perceived similarities in clinical presentation and hypothesized similarities in pathophysiologies. The question exists whether these disorders belong together or whether they should be categorized elsewhere. Examination of the family of impulse control disorders generates questions regarding the distinct nature of each disorder: whether each is unique or whether they represent variations of each other or other psychiatric disorders. Neurobiology may cut across disorders, and identifying important intermediary phenotypes will be important in understanding impulse control disorders and related entities. The distress of patients with impulse control disorders highlights the importance of examining these disorders. More comprehensive information has significant potential for advancing prevention and treatment strategies for those who suffer from disorders characterized by impaired impulse control.
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Balint, Ruth. Destination Elsewhere. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760211.001.0001.
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This book chronicles encounters between displaced persons in Europe and the Allied agencies who were tasked with caring for them after the Second World War. The struggle to define who was a displaced person and who was not was a subject of intense debate and deliberation among humanitarians, international law experts, immigration planners, and governments. What has not adequately been recognized is that displaced persons also actively participated in this emerging refugee conversation. Displaced persons endured war, displacement, and resettlement, but these experiences were not defined by passivity and speechlessness. Instead, they spoke back, creating a dialogue that in turn helped shape the modern idea of the refugee. As the book shows, what made a good or convincing story at the time tells us much about the circulation of ideas about the war, the Holocaust, and the Jews. Those stories depict the emerging moral and legal distinction between economic migrants and political refugees. They tell us about the experiences of women and children in the face of new psychological and political interventions into the family. Stories from displaced persons also tell us something about the enduring myth of the new world for people who longed to leave the old. The book focuses on those persons whose storytelling skills became a major strategy for survival and escape out of the displaced persons' camps and out of the Europe. Their stories are brought to life in the book, alongside a new history of immigration, statelessness, and the institution of the postwar family.
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Group, Research, and The Agricultural Chemicals Not Elsewhere Classified Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Agricultural Chemicals Not Elsewhere Classified (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Group, Research, and The Space Vehicle Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Space Vehicle Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Canada. Occupational Analysis and Classification Systems Division., ed. Canadian classification and dictionary of occupations, occupations in major groups: 91, transport equipment operating, 93, material handling, 95, other crafts and equipment operating, 99, occupations not elsewhere classified. [Ottawa]: Employment and Immigration Canada, 1986.
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William A, Schabas. Part 1 Establishment of the Court: Institution de la Cour, Art.3 Seat of the Court/Siège de la Cour. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0005.
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This chapter comments on Article 3 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article consists of three paragraphs. Article 3(1) establishes The Hague as the seat of the Court. Paragraph (1) is mandatory, and does not allow for the seat of the Court to be located elsewhere, absent an amendment of the Statute. The Statute also specifies that the Netherlands is the ‘host State’. Article 3(2) requires that there be a Headquarters Agreement between the Court and the host State. Article 3(3) states that The Court may sit elsewhere, whenever it considers it desirable, ‘as provided in the Statute’.
Book chapters on the topic "Institution not elsewhere classified"
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Stray, Christopher. "From Bath to Cambridge: The Early Life and Education of Robert Leslie Ellis." In Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 3–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85258-0_1.
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AbstractRobert Leslie Ellis was born in Bath on 25 August 1817. His father, Francis Ellis (1772–1842), had held a position in the Admiralty, but resigned when he became the principal heir of his uncle Henry Ellis, formerly Governor of Nova Scotia, who on his death in 1806 left him £10,000 and extensive landholdings in Ireland and elsewhere. Francis and his wife Mary, née Kilbee (1777–1847), had six children, of whom Robert, born in 1817, was the youngest. The family lived in a succession of large houses in Bath, where Francis Ellis, a well-known local figure, was one of the founders of the Bath Literary and Scientific Institution, founded in 1823. The Institution had a well-stocked library which took in both British and continental books and periodicals, and the teenaged Ellis frequented it regularly, reading avidly and conversing with the adult members, who included scholars and scientists of some distinction. His father involved himself in Ellis’s education and was himself a well-educated and inquiring man; his uncle had described him as ‘really a very deserving young man of uncommon abilities and possessed of more scientific and other knowledge than [one] could expect at his years.’ In an account of the Bath literati published in 1854, Francis Ellis was included in a list of ‘men with intelligent and well-informed minds’, and a later supplement stated that ‘Francis Ellis had an enlarged mind, was a good classic, a superior mathematician, and a generally well-informed man’. Ellis’s library contained several hundred books in 1841, when an inventory was taken.
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Isakhanli, Hamlet, and Aytaj Pashayeva. "Higher Education Transformation, Institutional Diversity and Typology of Higher Education Institutions in Azerbaijan." In Palgrave Studies in Global Higher Education, 97–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52980-6_4.
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AbstractThe development of higher education system of Azerbaijan reflects the country’s historical transformations. The system started developing with the foundation of the first higher education institution before the establishment of the Soviet Union, expanded during the Soviets and grew into current systems of 52 institutions since independence. Institutions changed in number and nature with the entrance of private universities into the higher education market and increase in number of state universities. Three-cycle higher education was introduced and institutions utilising Western university practices of management and teaching emerged. Despite the changes, the system still reflects much of the Soviet period. The typology of higher education institutions (HEIs) in Azerbaijan was built based on their educational, research, internationalisation activities and financial capacity. Institutions were classified as leading state and private higher education institutions, which excel in research and rank high in country ranking lists. The second group of institutions are known for good quality education but do not give a heavy weight on research. The last type of higher education institutions serve the purpose of preparing teachers and other public sector employees.
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Glennie, Jenny, and Ross Paul. "ODDE Strategic Positioning in the Post-COVID-19 Era." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–19. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_29-1.
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AbstractThis chapter considers some of the challenges of the development of strategy, both for the conventional and ODDE sectors of higher education, with a brief look at the literature since strategic planning was first in vogue in the private sector in the early 1960s. Although the most common approach in higher education, so much so-called strategic planning does little to advance long-term visions and strategies or to differentiate one institution from another. The sudden pivot to online learning and other distance education that the COVID-19 pandemic has forced on conventional (contact) institutions has blurred distinctions between traditional and ODDE universities, thus rendering effective strategy development and implementation more important than ever.This chapter conducts the literature review considering both institutional and system-wide strategy development, underlining their common elements. Then, from the unique vantage point of the South African Institute of Distance Education (Saide), a nongovernmental organization based in Johannesburg but conducting projects throughout South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, it discusses the challenges for ODDE strategy development in the particular context of COVID-19. The chapter concludes with implications from the analysis for both the conventional and ODDE sectors in higher education in South Africa and elsewhere based, in part, on the lessons learned during the pandemic.
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Glennie, Jenny, and Ross Paul. "ODDE Strategic Positioning in the Post-COVID-19 Era." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 527–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_29.
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AbstractThis chapter considers some of the challenges of the development of strategy, both for the conventional and ODDE sectors of higher education, with a brief look at the literature since strategic planning was first in vogue in the private sector in the early 1960s. Although the most common approach in higher education, so much so-called strategic planning does little to advance long-term visions and strategies or to differentiate one institution from another. The sudden pivot to online learning and other distance education that the COVID-19 pandemic has forced on conventional (contact) institutions has blurred distinctions between traditional and ODDE universities, thus rendering effective strategy development and implementation more important than ever.This chapter conducts the literature review considering both institutional and system-wide strategy development, underlining their common elements. Then, from the unique vantage point of the South African Institute of Distance Education (Saide), a nongovernmental organization based in Johannesburg but conducting projects throughout South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, it discusses the challenges for ODDE strategy development in the particular context of COVID-19. The chapter concludes with implications from the analysis for both the conventional and ODDE sectors in higher education in South Africa and elsewhere based, in part, on the lessons learned during the pandemic.
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Reid, William H. "Psychotic Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified." In The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 200–203. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315825908-20.
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Wicoff, James S. "Speech Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified." In The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 41. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315825908-9.
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Reid, William H. "Impulse Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified." In The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 314–20. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315825908-28.
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"Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC." In International trade statistics yearbook 2013, Volume II: trade by commodity, 421–23. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/077e9000-en.
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"Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC." In International trade statistics yearbook 2012, Volume II, 421–24. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/931bb080-en.
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"Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in SITC (SITC Section 9)." In International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2016, Volume II, 421–23. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/427326e2-en.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Institution not elsewhere classified"
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Shibutani, Tadahiro, Tetsu Tsuruga, Qiang Yu, and Masaki Shiratori. "Interface Strength Between Sub-Micron Thin Films in Opening and Sliding Delamination Modes." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39631.
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Delamination between thin films is classified into two types: opening mode and sliding mode. Corresponding to each mode, there is the interface strength between thin films. This paper aims to evaluate interface strength between the sub-micron thin films for opening mode and sliding mode, respectively. We already developed the evaluation method of interface fracture toughness for opening mode on the basis of fracture mechanics concept elsewhere. Moreover, the evaluation method of sliding mode is proposed and the interface strength between thin films for an advanced LSI is evaluated as the fracture toughness by using both methods. In both modes, the stress singularity appears in the vicinity of the edge of interface and governs the delamination. The criterion of crack initiation for each mode is evaluated as the interface toughness. The fracture toughness at the edge of interface in sliding mode is lower than that in opening mode.
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J Kovacic, Zlatko, and John Steve Green. "Are All Distance Learners Created Equal? A Quantitative Analysis of Academic Performance in a Distance Tertiary Institution." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2822.
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This paper reports initial research results on the relationship between student learning styles and academic achievement in a distance education computing course with Internet-based student support. The learning styles of students in a computer concepts class were evaluated and classified according to the Felder-Soloman Learning Style Index. We have identified statistically significant differences in performance between different learner types, i.e. groups of students with different learning preferences. The best course performance in both course components: in-course assessment and final examination was identified in students with reflective, sensing, verbal and global learning preferences. One possible explanation of this result might be that the current teaching styles and distance learning environment (course material and online student support) gives an advantage to this type of learner. To test this hypothesis we are planning changes in the learning environment and methodology to cater for a variety of student learning styles. We can then test if academic achievement has been improved by comparing it with the results presented in this paper.
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Farias, Igor Braga, Bruno de Mattos Lombardi Badia, Gustavo Carvalho Costa, Roberta Ismael Lacerda Machado, Carolina Maria Marin, Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto, Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza, and Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira. "Clinical and genetic profile of Brazilian patients with dysferlinopathies – A retrospective study." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.054.
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Introduction: Dysferlinopathies are a group of conditions that are caused by mutations in the dysferlin gene. Objectives: To characterize the clinical phenotypes and genotypic spectrum of dysferlinopathies patients and to estimate the progression of functional and motor decline. Design and setting: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients followed up at our institution between 1995 and 2020. Methods: Patients were selected based on the following inclusion criteria:(i) Identification of a mutation defined as pathogenic in homozygosis or compound heterozygosis in the Dysf gene;or (ii)compatible clinical manifestations and decreased expression of dysferlin in immunohistochemistry on muscle biopsy. Classification of the phenotype was based on the first symptoms. Functionality was defined by the Gardner–Medwin & Walton(GMW) scale modified for dysferlinopathy. Results: 23 patients were included in the study. 16 were classified as limb-girdle muscular dystrophy autosomal recessive 2 (LGMDR2), 4 as Miyoshi muscular dystrophy, 2 as proximo-distal onset and 1 as asymptomatic hyperCKemia. Thighs adduction was the most affected movement in the first evaluation (mean strength=3). Plantar flexion was the movement with the greatest decline in strength(mean=-0.10 points on MRC/year;pT, Arg2042Cys and c.2643+1G>A, p.?(splicing), found 3 times each. There was no statistical difference in muscle strength in the first evaluation, motor and functional decline between the phenotypes. Conclusion: While LGMDR2 was the most common phenotype at onset, with the exception of asymptomatic hyperCKemia, there were not a clear difference in the pattern of progression between them.
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Oliveira, Mauro Orlando Meurer, Jorge Yoshinori Shida, André Mattar, Felipe Andreotta Cavagna, and Luiz Henrique Gebrim. "INITIAL CLINICAL STAGING AND INCIDENCE OF MOLECULAR SUBTYPE IN BREAST CANCER PATIETS TREATED FROM JAN/2011 TO DEC/2019 AT PÉROLA BYINGTON HOSPITAL." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1035.
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Introduction: Clinical staging (CS) has great importance for therapeutic programming and prognostic evaluation in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Malignant breast tumors can be classified according to their immunohistochemical (IHC) profile. The study of the IHC profile can also assist in public health strategies, since they determine therapeutic planning. Objectives: Compare our database with literature data. Methods: The staging database (TNM, Tumor, Nodes and Metastasis) of the CRSM-SP (Pérola Byington Hospital) of patients with breast cancer treated at this institution from January 2010 to December 2019. Results: It was observed that 5.7% of the patients had in situ tumors. In the invasive form of tumors, 22.7% of the patients were diagnosed in CS I. Stage II was the one with the highest occurrence, corresponding to 36.5%. Advanced cases belonging to stages III and IV respectively represented 28.2% and 3.26%. As for the IHC profile of our 10,665 patients, luminal tumors A represented 24.7%, luminal B 32.7%. Patients with overexpressed HER2 were subdivided into pure HER2 (7.7%) and triple positive (9.8%). Triple negative tumors represented 25.1% of patients. A Brazilian study with SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System) data included 201,079 women: 19.5% were in stage I, 40.4% in stage II, 30.9% in stage III, and 9.3% in stage IV. In comparison with the public health system in England, a population study of 86,852 cases of breast cancer found 37% of diagnoses in stage I, 32% in CS II, 8% in CS III, and 5% in CS IV. The high ratio of patients (17%) in an unknown staging is noteworthy. In the USA, in a population study of 320,124 women, 72.6% were classified as luminal A, 11.2% as luminal B, 4.8% with overexpression of HER2 and 11.3% as triple-negative. Data from a Brazilian publication with 2,461 patients observed luminal A in 28.8% of the cases, luminal B 39.5%, pure HER2 7.9%, triple positive 9.7% and triple-negative were 14%, with the exception of triple-negative, similar to our results. It is possible that the higher ratio of patients with triple negative tumors at CRSM is explained by the higher incidence of non-screened patients, aged under 50, which are about 39%. Conclusions: The finding of 28.4% of in situ tumors in stage I shows the results of an occasional screening. The predominance of patients in stage II (40.4%) shows the predominance of palpable tumors in our population and the importance of making an agile diagnosis, preventing progression to stage III. The predominance of luminal tumors 68.3% and HER 2 (16.7%) were similar to those in the literature. However, the ratio of 25.1% of triple-negative patients contributes to higher mortality in Brazil and requires greater diagnostic and therapeutic agility.
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Stillwell, Ashlynn S., and Michael E. Webber. "Feasibility of Wind Power for Brackish Groundwater Desalination: A Case Study of the Energy-Water Nexus in Texas." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90158.
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With dwindling water supplies and the impacts of climate change, many cities are turning to water sources previously considered unusable. One such source for inland cities is brackish groundwater. With prolonged drought throughout Texas, cities such as El Paso, Lubbock, and San Antonio are desalinating brackish groundwater to supplement existing water sources. Similar projects are under consideration elsewhere in Texas. While brackish groundwater contains fewer total dissolved solids than seawater, desalination of brackish groundwater is still an energy-intensive process. Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis, the most common desalination membrane treatment process, consumes 20 to 40 times more energy than traditional surface water treatment using local water sources. This additional energy consumption leads to increased carbon emissions when using fossil fuel-generated electricity. As a result of concern over greenhouse gas emissions from additional energy consumption, some desalination plants are powered by wind-generated electricity. West Texas is a prime area for desalination of brackish groundwater using wind power, since both wind and brackish groundwater resources are abundant in the area. Most of the Texas Panhandle and Plains region has wind resource potential classified as Class 3 or higher. Additionally, brackish groundwater is found at depths less than 150 m in most of west Texas. This combination of wind and brackish groundwater resources presents opportunities for the production of alternative drinking water supplies without severe carbon emissions. Additionally, since membrane treatment is not required to operate continuously, desalination matches well with variable wind power. Implementing a brackish groundwater desalination project using wind-generated electricity requires economic feasibility, in addition to the geographic availability of the two resources. Using capital and operating cost data for wind turbines and desalination membranes, we conducted a thermoeconomic analysis for three parameters: 1) transmission and transport, 2) geographic proximity, and 3) aquifer volume. Our first parameter analyzes the cost effectiveness of tradeoffs between building infrastructure to transmit wind-generated electricity to the desalination facility versus pipelines to transport brackish groundwater to the wind turbines. Secondly, we estimate the maximum distance between the wind turbines and brackish groundwater at which desalination using wind power remains economically feasible. Finally, we estimate the minimum available brackish aquifer volume necessary to make such a project profitable. Our analysis illustrates a potential drinking water option for Texas (and other parts of the world with similar conditions) using renewable energy to treat previously unusable water. Harnessing these two resources in an economically efficient manner may help reduce future strain on the energy-water nexus.
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Schorn, Patrícia Werlang, Juçara Motta Serafim Eliam, André Moreira Lemes, Caroli ne Alves de Souza Ramos, Juliana Sinezio Santos, Lenisa Cezar Vilas Boas, and Elyse Carvalho Borges dos Santos de Figuerêdo. "EXPERIENCE OF A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT IN CRYOTHERAPY WITH A HYPOTHERMAL CAP FOR PATIENTS USING PACLITAXEL 80 MG/M² WEEKLY FOR 12 WEEKS." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2082.
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Objective: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) has a major impact on oncological patients and is reported as one of the first concerns among women, being often a condition that causes suffering. CIA is an expected adverse event in paclitaxel, an agent widely used in the treatment of breast cancer. Strategies have been used to minimize this undesirable effect, including the scalp cooling. The objective of our study was to report the frequency of the preservation of hair volu me in women who used a monodrug called “paclitaxel” at a dose of 80 mg/m²/week for 12 weeks, using a hypothermic glycerinbased hydrogel cap in a private institution in the federal district. Methods: This descriptive retrospective study included 92 women with no evidence of alopecia at the beginning of monotherapy treatment with paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 /week for 12 weeks. They used a hypothermic glycerin-based hydrogel cap during the infusion of the drug. The quantification of alopecia was performed using the modified Dean scale and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4 (CTCAEv4). The patient characteristics such as age, type of hair, purpose of treatment, site of primary neoplasm were described. Results: From 2014 to 2018, 86 (93.5%) of the 92 patients who were included in the study had breast cancer. At the end of the 12 weeks of treatment, 83% of patients developed grade 1 alopecia by CTCAEv4. According to the modified Dean scale, 71% of patients were classified as alopecia grade 1, 12% as grade 2, 7.5% as grade 3, and 9.5% as grade 4. Conclusion: More than 80% of women, who were treated with paclitaxel weekly and used the hypothermic glycerin-based hydrogel cap, had at least 50% of their initial hair volume preserved by the two scales. These results suggest the effectiveness of the scalp cooling therapy in preventing CIA, being an important strategy to be considered to minimize the impact on the appearance and emotional damage caused by alopecia in these patients.
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Marchenko, Nataliya. "Navigation in the Russian Arctic: Sea Ice Caused Difficulties and Accidents." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10546.
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The 5 Russian Arctic Seas have common features, but differ significantly from each other in the sea ice regime and navigation specifics. Navigation in the Arctic is a big challenge, especially during the winter season. However, it is necessary, due to limited natural resources elsewhere on Earth that may be easier for exploitation. Therefore sea ice is an important issue for future development. We foresee that the Arctic may become ice free in summer as a result of global warming and even light yachts will be able to pass through the Eastern Passage. There have been several such examples in the last years. But sea ice is an inherent feature of Arctic Seas in winter, it is permanently immanent for the Central Arctic Basin. That is why it is important to get appropriate knowledge about sea ice properties and operations in ice conditions. Four seas, the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi have been examined in the book “Russian Arctic Seas. Navigation Condition and Accidents”, Marchenko, 2012 [1]. The book is devoted to the eastern sector of the Arctic, with a description of the seas and accidents caused by heavy ice conditions. The traditional physical-geographical characteristics, information about the navigation conditions and the main sea routes and reports on accidents that occurred in the 20th century have reviewed. An additional investigation has been performed for more recent accidents and for the Barents Sea. Considerable attention has been paid to problems associated with sea ice caused by the present development of the Arctic. Sea ice can significantly affect shipping, drilling, and the construction and operation of platforms and handling terminals. Sea ice is present in the main part of the east Arctic Sea most of the year. The Barents Sea, which is strongly influenced and warmed by the North Atlantic Current, has a natural environment that is dramatically different from those of the other Arctic seas. The main difficulties with the Barents Sea are produced by icing and storms and in the north icebergs. The ice jet is the most dangerous phenomenon in the main straits along the Northern Sea Route and in Chukchi Seas. The accidents in the Arctic Sea have been classified, described and connected with weather and ice conditions. Behaviour of the crew is taken into consideration. The following types of the ice-induced accidents are distinguished: forced drift, forced overwintering, shipwreck, and serious damage to the hull in which the crew, sometimes with the help of other crews, could still save the ship. The main reasons for shipwrecks and damages are hits of ice floes (often in rather calm ice conditions), ice nipping (compression) and drift. Such investigation is important for safety in the Arctic.