Academic literature on the topic 'Institute of Geography'

Geographical issues on the Czech territory have been traditionally researched at universities and since 1950s also at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and Czech Academy of Sciences. In 1962 four geography departments fused and the Institute of Geography (Czechoslovak Academy of Science) became the focus of Czechoslovak academic geography. Apart from organizational activities the Institute has extensively researched problems of regionalism and environmental issues. As a result of academic transformation in early 1990s the Institute of Geography ceased to exist. Since then its research activities passed partly at universities in Praha and Brno and at the Centre for Environment, Institute of Geonics, Czech Academy of Sciences in Brno. Thus, fifty years of geographical research on academic grounds has brought a number of research reports, publications, maps and atlases - a significant portion of Czech geography in the 20th century.

The article presents the chronological development of the discipline of science physical geography at Prague University from its modest beginnings at the end of the 14th century to present days. It follows the beginnings of physical geography as auxiliary discipline within the Faculty of Philosophy (Arts), the beginnings of the Institute of Geography, later constitution and building of the unified Institute of Geography in Prague - Albertov within the newly constituted Faculty of Science of Charles University and its further development after abolition of this institute and foundation ofthe Department of Geography at first, then of the Department of Cartography and Physical Geography and finally of the Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology of the Faculty of Science, Charles University.

Abstract. This article aims at expanding the predominant narrative of a Quantitative Revolution in German-speaking geography, to develop a more complex and multifaceted perspective on this chapter of the discipline's history. For this purpose, I take a closer look at the institute of geography in Erlangen. Eugen Wirth, the long-term chair holder in Erlangen, argued that here, in contrast to the majority of other institutes, the implementation of quantitative methods started in 1932, when Walter Christaller submitted his thesis: Central Places in Southern Germany. According to Wirth a dissertation supervised by him in 1969 was a further step towards the use of quantitative methods. I argue that Wirth made a significant contribution to the debate on quantitative theoretical geography in Germany with his textbook Theoretical Geography published in 1979, although the book was subsequently criticised and strongly rejected by Bartels and others as a conservative embrace. By examining this local negotiation process, I develop one of many narratives, that stand opposed to a unified account with which the general assembly of geographers in 1969 and Bartels' Geographie des Menschen uniquely motivated the abandonment of the concept of Länderkunde.

"The setting up of the Geography Department and its Institute within the Faculty of Sciences at the Upper Dacia University of Cluj. On 16 August 1919, the University Board, the organ created for the organization and employment of teaching staff for the Upper Dacia University of Cluj after its transition to Romanian administration (12 May 1919), presented and proposed the organisational chart by departments, seminars, laboratories and institutes of the future Faculty of Sciences, by means of the Board rapporteurs, scientists Gheorghe Țițeica, Ludovic Mrazec and Alexandru Borza. At the express request of professor George Vâlsan, the tertiary geographical education was also included in this Faculty, as an independent department, the Department of Geography, consisting of two sections and an Institute of Geography. This was a new situation, different from the study of Geography at the universities in Iași and Bucharest. The organisational chart of Cluj University, made according to the ”German model”, was kept until the Stalinist reform of the Romanian education on 3 August 1948. By means of suggestive examples, the main Romanian university institutions newly-created at Cluj University are illustrated and described, some of them under the auspices of the Royal Foundations, such as the Astronomic Observatory and the Institute of Chemistry and Physics, as well as others, like the Sports Park, the new Botanical Garden with the Botanic Museum, the Palace of University Clinics, the Academic College and the Ethnographic Park and Museum. The materialization of George Vâlsan’s concept regarding the study of Geography and its relations to the other departments of Cluj University, as well as the their scientific and logical foundation within the double specialization, are extensively presented, as a proof of the scientist’s determination to lay solid grounds to the Romanian tertiary geographical education at Cluj University. Keywords: Upper Dacia University of Cluj, Geography Department, Faculty of Sciences. "

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The National Geographic Institute (<i>Instituto Geográfico Nacional</i>, IGN) of Spain is the state mapping agency in charge of the Cartography, Photogrammetry, Astronomy and Geophysics of the country.</p><p>The IGN commitment to the education of children and young adults in Earth sciences comes from decades ago. Many educational resources made in the last ten years, related to geography, cartography and Earth science are available in both digital and physical formats.</p><p><i>Educa IGN</i> [1] is the section of IGN main website [2] that hosts the digital educational resources. In 2019, this site has been updated, not only in its contents but also in its appearance and usability. It is possible to filter resources by type, subject and education level.</p>

This project is focused on the goal of improving access to the Water Resources Institute (WRI) archives using a web-based GIS architecture. This project uses the newest version of ArcGIS Server as a method to support an internet-based map search environment, improved information management and data sharing.

The main scope of this project is to rebuild and deploy web applications that will help share historical artifacts related to the Santa Ana watershed. This project is designed to give a consistent user interface and add extra tools to enhance the functionality of existing applications at the Water Resources Institute (WRI) at California State University San Bernardino (CSUSB). The purpose of this project is to migrate all applications to a single server and update the applications using ArcGIS Server 9.2. Also to give a consistent look to the applications and to make them user friendly.

ABSTRACT Karst regions of the world that receive relatively similar amounts of precipitation display a wide variety of landscapes. It has been suggested (Groves and Meiman, 2005) that climates exhibiting larger discrete storm events have more dissolving power and consequently higher rates of conduit growth than climates with more uniform precipitation distributions. To study this concept, a computer program “Cave Growth” was developed that modeled the growth of a cross-section of a cave passage under dynamic flow and chemical conditions. A series of 46 simulation datasets were created to represent different climatic conditions. These simulations had the same total annual discharge, but demonstrated a range of flow distributions quantified by use of a gamma distribution index, along with two special theoretical cases. After simulating a year of conduit growth for each of the various flow distributions in a series of model runs, and repeating these sets of simulations for three different passage cross-section geometries, it was evident that the annual temporal distribution of flow did indeed impact the amount of cave growth. However, an increase in the “storminess” of the climate did not simply equate to more dissolution and thus conduit growth. Rather, the quantity and duration of surface contact between water and the conduit walls combined with dissolution rates to affect the total growth. The amount of wetted perimeter (contact between fluid and passage floor/walls) generated by specific conduit to capacity were shown to be very effective at growing the cave. Above this level, the dissolving power of additional water was essentially wasted. This investigation suggests that the maximum amount of passage flow levels depended upon the shape of the passage. Flow conditions that filled the growth occurs under flow conditions that result in the most wetted perimeter for the longest period of time at the highest dissolution rate.

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The present thesis has as its object to promote the historical reconstitution of the development of statistics in Brazil, and the creation and the first years of performance of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE). The period under study begins with to the creation of the Institute, in the context of the transformations provoked by the 1930 Revolution, and analyzes its participation in the moderniizing political-cultural projects in the period of the Estado Novo. The works is based, among other sources, on the documentation produced by the Institute during this time.
A presente dissertação tem como objeto a reconstituição histórica do desenvolvimento da estatística no Brasil e a criação e os primeiros anos de atuação do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O período tratado se estende desde o Segundo Império até 1945. O trabalho prioriza a abordagem dos acontecimentos que culminaram com a constituição do IBGE, no contexto das transformações produzidas pela Revolução de 1930, e analisa sua participação nos projetos modernizadores político culturais durante o Estado Novo, com base, entre outras fontes na documentação produzida pelo próprio Instituto.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os sentidos e as expectativas que os jovens da primeira turma (2015) do IFPR – Campus Avançado Barracão/PR atribuem ao Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IF) e ao Ensino Médio Técnico Integrado (EMTI). Além disso, o presente trabalhou buscou caracterizar o grupo de estudantes por meio do perfil socioeconômico e simbólico, bem como referenciar o papel da Geografia escolar presente no Projeto Pedagógico Curricular (PPC). Por meio do olhar dos jovens, busca-se analisar o papel do EMTI para eles, bem como os significados que conferem ao IF e às aulas de Geografia. Ao considerar que, a partir da expansão e interiorização da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica (RFEPCT), se cria uma nova realidade escolar nos mais remotos espaços, torna-se necessário compreender o papel do IF e das aulas de Geografia. Ou seja, parte-se do pressuposto de que o IF possibilita uma nova prática escolar; para tanto, deve-se repensar o papel das aulas de Geografia. A fim de possibilitar esse intento, a pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa baseada nas premissas do paradigma da complexidade. O caminho metodológico percorrido inicia com ums revisão bibliográfica, análise de documentos e pesquisa de campo. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, foi possível entender como se deu a expansão da RFEPCT. Após esse passo, empregou-se o grupo focal e a produção escrita. Para inferir a produção escrita, utilizou-se a técnica da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Participaram da pesquisa doze jovens da primeira turma de EMTI do IF. A proposta do trabalho visou dar voz aos jovens que habitam e estudam na fronteira. Dessa forma, a pesquisa revelou que o IF é construtor de topofilias e que a possibilidade de cursar o EMTI superou as expectativas dos jovens. Por meio do campus, os jovens passaram e conceber a educação como uma possibilidade de ascensão social. Igualmente importante revela-se que existe um sentimento de pertencimento dos jovens à fronteira e aos seus elementos. Há uma relação muito forte das aulas de Geografia com o cotidiano deles. Portanto, revela-se que o IF possibilita uma nova realidade escolar e, por isso, torna-se importante repensar concepções sobre a RFEPCT e o ensino de Geografia.
This research aims the analysis of the senses and expectations that the young people, from the first group of IFPR - Barracão Advanced Campus, attribute to the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IF) and to the Integrated Technical High School (EMTI). Through the eyes of young people, we seek to analyze the role of EMTI for them, as well as the meanings they attribute to the IF and the Geography classes. Considering that, as a result of the expansion and internalization of the Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education (RFEPCT), a new school reality is created in the most remote spaces, it becomes necessary to understand the role of the IF and the Geography classes. In other words, this research is based on the assumption that the IF makes a new school practice possible and, for that, the role of Geography classes should be rethought. To enable the study, this research presents a qualitative approach based on the premises of the complexity paradigm. The methodological path covered includes a bibliographical review, document analysis and field research. Through the bibliographical and documentary research, it was possible to understand how the RFEPCT expansion occurred. Then, focal group analysis was applied and the writing process was done. On the writting process, we used the technique of discursive textual analysis. Twelve young people from the first group of the EMTI of the IF participated in the study. The proposal of the work aimed to give voice to the young people who live and study in the border, as well as to understand their senses and expectations regarding IF, EMTI and Geography classes. The research revealed that the IF is a top-philist builder and that attending the EMTI has exceeded the expectations of young people. Across the campus young people pass on and conceive of education as a possibility of social ascension. It is equally important to show that there is a sense of belonging with the border area and its elements. There is a very strong relationship of Geography classes with their daily lives. Therefore, it is revealed that the FI makes a new school reality possible and, therefore, it becomes important to rethink our conceptions about RFEPCT and the teaching of Geography.

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This thesis aims to analyze the contributions of the Journal of the Institute of History and Geography of São Paulo (RIHGSP) for history of Brazilian education through an analysis of articles published in this journal between 1895 and 2004. The motivation for the study came from the fact that despite the importance of Geographical and Historical Institutes for national historiography, which can be proven by numerous academic studies conducted, there is a gap in the historiography of Brazilian education regarding the use of these journals institutes as primary sources for the history of education. Therefore, this thesis aims to answer the following research question: what are the contributions of RIHGSP for the History of Education in Brazil? The justification for this research is grounded in the understanding that the study of scientific production in the pages of this magazine is relevant to the reconstruction of their own national historiography and to demonstrate the role that information sources play in dissemination of information and the development of the research scientific education. Thus , the main objective of the research was to highlight the contributions of RIHGSP to the historiography of Brazilian education , and the specific objectives were : a) outline a historical overview of Geographical and Historical Institutes in national and world stage standing in this context the History Institute and Geography of São Paulo , b ) describe the main features of the Journal of the Historical and Geographical Institute of São Paulo ( RIHGSP) c ) analyze this scientific production according to bibliometric parameters of authorship, thematic and temporal distribution; d) conduct a content analysis of a selected sample of 20 articles RIHGSP related to the theme of the history of education. From the methodological point of view the research was characterized as an exploratory and descriptive study. The analytical approaches were supported in the bibliometric analysis and content analysis and involved the following steps: literature review, collection, organization and systematization of data and analysis and interpretation of results. Thus, it was possible to obtain scientific evidence to demonstrate that the texts published in RIHGSP, are key to the history and historiography of Brazilian education, because they allow understanding how the literate elite - represented by intellectuals who publish articles in this journal - thought education Brazilian.
Esta tese analisa as contribuições da Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de São Paulo (Revista IHGSP) para História da Educação brasileira por meio da análise de artigos publicados neste periódico entre 1895 e 2004. A motivação para o estudo veio da constatação de que a despeito da importância dos Institutos Históricos e Geográficos para a historiografia nacional, o que pode ser comprovado pelos inúmeros estudos acadêmicos realizados, há uma lacuna na historiografia educacional brasileira no que tange a utilização dos periódicos desses Institutos como fontes primárias para a História da Educação. Diante disso, essa tese buscou responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: quais são as contribuições da RIHGSP para a História da Educação no Brasil? A justificativa para essa pesquisa está assentada no entendimento de que o estudo da produção científica nas páginas dessa Revista é relevante para a reconstrução da própria historiografia nacional e para demonstrar o papel que as fontes de informação assumem na disseminação das informações e no desenvolvimento da própria pesquisa científica em Educação. Assim, o objetivo principal da pesquisa foi o de destacar as contribuições da RIHGSP para a historiografia da educação brasileira, e os objetivos específicos foram: a) delinear um panorama histórico dos Institutos Históricos e Geográficos no cenário mundial e nacional situando nesse contexto o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de São Paulo; b) descrever as principais características da Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de São Paulo (RIHGSP); c) analisar essa produção científica de acordo com os seguintes parâmetros bibliométricos: autoria, temática e distribuição temporal; d) realizar a análise de conteúdo de uma amostra selecionada de 20 artigos da RIHGSP relacionados à temática da história da educação. Do ponto de vista metodológico a pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo exploratório e caráter descritivo e analítico apoiado nas abordagens da análise bibliométrica e de conteúdo e envolveu o desenvolvimento das seguintes etapas: revisão de literatura; coleta, organização e sistematização dos dados e análise e interpretação dos resultados. Dessa forma, conseguiu-se obter evidências científicas para demonstrar que os textos, publicados na RIHGSP, são fundamentais para a história e historiografia da educação brasileira, pois permitem compreender como a elite letrada representada pelos intelectuais que publicam artigos neste periódico pensava a educação brasileira.

Im Februar und März 2007 wurde vom Geographischen Institut der Universität eine Exkursion nach Neuseeland durchgeführt. Der hier vorliegende Bericht bezieht sich auf diese Exkursion. Im ersten Teil wird durch 17 Protokolle der Exkursionsverlauf wiedergegeben. Im zweiten Teil befassen sich sechs Texte näher mit je einem thematischen Aspekt der Exkursion. Autoren der Protokolle und der thematischen Texte sind die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer der Exkursion. Zum ersten Teil des Berichts – der Exkursionsverlauf Im ersten Teil dieses Berichtes wird der Verlauf der Exkursion Neuseeland 2007 des Geographischen Instituts der Universität Potsdam durch Tagesprotokolle dargestellt. Die Exkursion begann am 14. Februar 2007 in Auckland und endete am 4. März 2007 in Christchurch. Während dieser 19 Tage wurden verschiedene Orte auf der neuseeländischen Nord- und Südinsel aufgesucht, wobei die Exkursionsgruppe verschiedene Aspekte der neuseeländischen Gesellschaft aus einer humangeographischen Perspektive studierte. Im Mittelpunkt standen die Themen historische und jüngere Migration nach Neuseeland, Maori, Milchwirtschaft, Holzwirtschaft und Tourismus in Neuseeland. Die Tagesprotokolle machen deutlich, dass die Exkursion weniger in einer thematisch-systematischen Art und Weise durchgeführt wurde. Statt dessen erfolgte das Aufsuchen exemplarischer Orte, an denen Beobachtungen und darüber hinausgehende Erkundungen stattfanden. Die entsprechenden Aussagen sind in den Protokollen wiedergegeben, schwerpunktmäßig wird dabei folgendes angesprochen: Der erste Exkursionstag, das war der 14. Februar 2007, wurde für den Besuch des Geographischen Institutes der Auckland University genutzt. Dort wurde zum Beispiel eine Diskussionsrunde mit den beiden Humangeographen Richard Le Heron und Gordon Winder veranstaltet. Auch die folgenden zwei Tage verbrachten die Exkursionsgruppe in Auckland, wobei sie sich im »Auckland Museum« über die neuseeländische Geschichte und insbesondere über die Kultur der Maori informierte. Mit einem Maori-Guide unternahmen die Teilnehmer eine Stadtführung durch Auckland, wobei ebenfalls das Leben der Maori im Fokus stand. Außerdem besuchten sie eine private Einwanderungsagentur und führten in Kleingruppen Expertengespräche zum Thema »Migration und Integration in Neuseeland« durch. Am 17. Februar erkundeten die Exkursionsteilnehmer drei Orte in der näheren Umgebung Aucklands. Zunächst begaben sie sich zum Otara Market, einem Wochenmarkt der Pacific Islanders, der immer samstags in Otara abgehalten wird. Anschließend ging es weiter an die westliche Küste, wo sie unter Führung einer Rangerin durch den Muriwai-Regionalpark wanderten. Auf der Rückfahrt nach Auckland machten sie Halt in Soljan’s Winzerei, wo der Betrieb vorgestellt wurde und Wein verkosten werden konnte. Am 18. Februar verließ die Exkursionsgruppe Auckland in Richtung Norden, um zum Ort Puhoi zu gelangen. Dort beschäftigten sich die Teilnehmer mit den sogenannten Bohemians, die einst aus Böhmen nach Neuseeland auswanderten und deren Traditionen dort auch heute noch (zumindest teilweise) gepflegt werden. Am nächsten Tag fuhren sie weiter nach Pahia, dem nördlichsten Aufenthaltsort während der Exkursion. Auf dem Weg dorthin machten sie einen Umweg über Matakohe, wo das Kauri-Museum und der Tane Mahuta, der größte Kauribaum Neuseelands, besichtigt wurden. Am 20. Februar stand vormittags die Beschäftigung mit der Geschichte Neuseelands auf dem Tagesplan. Hierfür besuchte die Exkursionsgruppe die Waitangi Treaty Grounds. Dort informierten sich die Teilnehmer über den Vertrag von Waitangi und darüber, welche Folgen dieser für das Leben der Maori hatte. Am Nachmittag stand das Thema Tourismus im Mittelpunkt. Die Exkursionsteilnehmer machten sich mit einem Teil des touristischen Angebots vertraut, indem sie eine Bootstour durch die Bay of Islands unternahmen. Am 21. Februar fuhr die Gruppe in die Hamilton-Region, wo sie sich auch die folgenden zwei Tage aufhielt. Auf dem Weg dorthin wurde ein Zwischenstopp in Kawakawa und an den Whangarei Falls eingelegt. In Hamilton war die Exkursionsgruppe Gast im Geographischen Institut der Waikato University und im Waikato Migrant Resource Centre. Außerdem stand das Thema Milchwirtschaft auf dem Programm. Hierfür besichtigten die Teilnehmer das Unternehmen AmBreed, welches die Grundlage für die Aufzucht von Hochleistungsmilchkühen bereitstellt – nämlich das Bullensperma. Außerdem konnten sie sich über die Organisation und Probleme einer Milchfarm informieren. Darüber hinaus gestalteten in der Waikato-Region wohnende Nachfahren der böhmischen Einwanderer ein Abendprogramm für die Exkursionsgruppe. Den 24. Februar verbrachten die Teilnehmer im Gebiet von Rotorua. Dort durchkreuzten sie das Thermal Wonderland, in dem heiße Quellen und Geysire sowie die dadurch geschaffenen Oberflächengegebenheiten studiert werden können. Die heißen Quellen werden hier auch zur Energiegewinnung herangezogen, wovon sich die Exkursionsteilnehmer bei einer Besichtigung der Geothermal Power Station of Warakei überzeugen konnten. Auf der Fahrt zum Tongariro Nationalpark bewunderten sie die Huka Falls und machten Halt am Lake Taupo, dem größten See Neuseelands. Im Nationalpark unternahmen sie am 26. Februar eine Wanderung. Tags darauf fuhren sie weiter über Marton nach Wellington, der Hauptstadt Neuseelands. Dort war nachmittags sowie am 28. Februar Gelegenheit, die Stadt zu erkunden, unter anderem auf einer Stadtführung mit Prof. Bredlich. Daneben erfuhr man bei einem Besuch des neuseeländischen Nationalmuseums Te Papa viel Wissenswertes über Gesellschaft und Geschichte Neuseelands. Am 1. März überquerten sie mit der Fähre die Cookstraße, um zur Südinsel zu gelangen. Den Nachmittag dieses Tages verbrachte die Exkursionsgruppe in Upper Moutere, wo sie sich mit der Einwanderung Deutscher in der Region Nelson befasste Am Tag darauf fuhren die Teilnehmer zur Westküste und beschäftigten sich mit den Landschaftsformen der Südalpen und der Küste sowie mit der Frage, welche wirtschaftliche Rolle diese Region einst spielte und welche sie heute einnimmt. Am 3. März überquerten sie die Südalpen über den Athur’s Pass und kamen am Nachmittag in Christchurch an. Am nächsten Tag erlebten sie eine Besichtigungstour durch die größte Stadt der Südinsel unter Leitung von Prof. Parson vom Institut für Geographie der Universität von Canterbury. Dabei standen insbesondere Fragen des städtischen Wandels im Mittelpunkt, welcher mit den ökonomischen Reformen seit Ende der 80er Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts einherging. Damit endete am 4. März die Exkursion in Christchurch. Zum zweiten Teil des Berichts – die thematischen Texte Neben dem Gewinn eines ersten Eindrucks vor Ort bietet eine Exkursion als Form der Erkundung eines Landes durchaus auch die Gelegenheit, kritisch über gesellschaftliche Vorgänge zu reflektieren. Über solche Reflexionen geben die Darstellungen im zweiten Teil dieses Exkursionsberichtes Aufschluss. Das Spektrum der in den Texten aufgegriffenen Themen reicht dabei von physisch-geographischen Gegebenheiten, über Land- und Forstwirtschaft, die Maori bis zu bevölkerungsgeographischen Fragestellungen zur Migration und Integration in Neuseeland. Dem zu Grunde liegt ein – in der Geographie lange verwurzeltes – holistisches Verständnis der Disziplin. In den Berichten findet die zentrale Debatte in der Geographie um die Bedeutung und das Zusammenspiel von globalen, regionsunabhängigen und lokalen, regionsspezifischen Faktoren (»Glokalisierung«) an vielen Stellen ihren Ausdruck. Da während der Exkursion Einblick in verschiedenste Bereiche des Lebens in Neuseeland gewonnen werden konnten, ist es im thematischen zweiten Teil des Berichts vorrangiges Ziel, einen guten Überblick über Neuseeland und seine Bevölkerung zu geben. Dabei überwiegt ein beschreibender Charakter der Texte, gleichzeitig sollen aber auch zentrale Veränderungen und Herausforderungen für die neuseeländische Gesellschaft angesprochen, Erklärungsansätze gegeben und Lösungsstrategien aufgewiesen werden. Im Einzelnen ist der thematische Teil folgendermaßen aufgebaut: Zu Beginn widmet sich Anja Lehmann den Maori und beleuchtet Geschichte, Kultur und heutige Situation der indigenen Bevölkerung Neuseelands. Anschließend gehen Katharina Popig und Manuel Hundt in ihrem Text auf die frühe europäische Einwanderung nach Neuseeland, insbesondere auf die Rolle der deutschen bzw. böhmischen Einwanderer, ein. Im darauf folgenden Text zeigt Manuel Hundt die sich verändernden Muster in der jüngeren Migration auf und beleuchtet Fragen der Integration in Neuseeland, wobei insbesondere auf die Rolle der Pacific Islanders eingegangen wird. Dann folgt der Text von Lilli Maier. Sie beschäftigt sich mit Fragen des Tourismus und schildert die Gestalt des Fremdenverkehrs und seine Bedeutung für die neuseeländische Wirtschaft. Natalia Kiselgof gibt einen Überblick sowohl über physisch-geographische Aspekte und den Naturraum Neuseelands als auch über die Struktur der neuseeländischen Landwirtschaft, bevor Sören Sturm die Forstwirtschaft Neuseelands einer kritischen Analyse unterzieht.
In February and March 2007 the Institute of Geography at Potsdam University carried out a field trip to New Zealand. The report refers to this field trip and is divided into two parts. The first part gives an account of the field trip’s course in 17 daily reports. The second part attends to different thematic aspects of the field trip, each dealt with in one of the six texts. Authors of the daily reports and the thematic texts are the participants of the field trip. Part One – The course of the field trip In the first part of this report we will depict the course of the field trip of the Institute of Geography at Potsdam University to New Zealand 2007 by means of reports for each of the field trip’s days. The field trip began on February 14, 2007 in Auckland and ended on March 4, 2007 in Christchurch. During these 19 days, the group visited different places on New Zealand’s North and South Island, in which different aspects of New Zealand’s society were studied from a human geographical perspective. In the centre of interest were topics such as historical and recent migration to New Zealand, Maori, agriculture, forestry and tourism in New Zealand. The daily reports make clear, that the field trip was not strictly conducted systematically in a thematic way. Instead, exemplary places were visited, where observation and exceeding investigations took place. The according explanations are to be found in the daily reports, some of the topics in the focus of interest were the following: The first day of the field trip, February 14, 2007, was used for a visit at the Institute of Geography at Auckland University. They organized presentations and discussions about a wide range of New Zealand and Auckland related topics, amongst others with the human geographers Richard Le Heron and Gordon Winder. For the following two days the group stayed in Auckland and visited the “Auckland Museum”, which gave a good insight into New Zealand history and especially into Maori culture. Historical and contemporary Maori life in Auckland was also in the focus of a guided tour through the city with a Maori guide. Furthermore, the group visited a private immigration agency and conducted interviews in smaller groups with experts about “migration and integration in New Zealand”. On February 17, the participants of the field trip explored three places in the surroundings of Auckland. At first they went to Otara Market, a weekly market of the Pacific Islanders community which is held every Saturday in Otara. Then they continued to Muriwai Regional Park on the Western Coast, where a guided walk with a Park Ranger took place. On the way back to Auckland, they made a last stop at Soljan’s Winery, where the owner explained the history of the family owned business and the process of winemaking. On February 18, the field trip group left Auckland northbound to reach Puhoi by midday. There the main emphasis was put on history and contemporary situation of the “Bohemians”, who once moved from Bohemia to New Zealand and whose traditions have been living on until today. On the following day, the group headed on to Pahia, the northernmost point of the field trip. On the way there, they passed Northland’s ‘Kauri Coast’, visited the Kauri Museum in Matakohe and saw New Zealand’s largest Kauri tree, the ‘Tane Mahuta’. The history of New Zealand was on the agenda for the morning of February 20: The group visited the Waitangi Treaty Grounds, where there were possibilities to find out about the contents of the Treaty of Waitangi and about its consequences for the life of the Maori in past and present times. In the afternoon tourism was in the centre of interest: The participants of the field trip got to know one of the tourist attractions of the region and went on a boat trip through the Bay of Islands. On February 21, the group continued on its course to the region of Hamilton, where it also stayed for the following two days. On the way there, they made a stop at Kawakawa and at Whangarei Falls. In Hamilton they visited the Institute of Geography at Waikato University, where they heard a talk by Jacques Poot, professor and director of the university’s Population Studies Centre. The afternoon saw a visit of the Waikato Migrant Resource Centre. Another thematic emphasis in the Hamilton Region was put on dairy farming. For this, the students visited the company ‘AmBreed’, which specialized in artificial cattle breeding and in the production of the basis of industrialized and efficient dairy farming – the production of top-rate bull’s semen. On a typical mid-sized dairy farm the group could get an insight into organization and problems of dairy farming in New Zealand. Besides, descendants of Bohemian migrants, who had once settled in the Waikato region, organized an evening programme for the field trip group including a barbeque and the playing of traditional tunes. February 24, the participants spent in the area of Rotorua, where they wandered through ‘Thermal Wonderland’. The geothermally very active area that is to be found here created interesting surface forms and colours and there were hot springs and geysers to be studied. The existing geothermal activities are also used for the generation of energy, of which the participants of the field trip could convince themselves during a visit of the Warakei Geothermal Power Station. On the journey to Tongariro National Park they admired the blue waters of the Huka Falls and made a stop at Lake Taupo, the biggest lake in New Zealand. On the next day, February 26, there was some time to explore the volcanic landscape on a day hike in Tongariro National Park. The day after, the group went on to Marton and then to Wellington. In the afternoon as well as during the next day there was time to get to know the city and to form an opinion about New Zealand’s capital, for instance during a guided tour through the town with Professor Bredlich. Furthermore, a visit of New Zealand’s National Museum ‘Te Papa’ offered plenty of information worth knowing about society and history of New Zealand. On March 1, they crossed the Cook Strait by ferry to get to New Zealand’s South Island. The afternoon was spent in the village of Upper Moutere, where the group dealt with German migration in the Nelson region. The next day, the participants went to the West Coast and took a closer look at the landscape forms of the Southern Alps and coastline as well as at the former and recent economic role of this region. On March 3, they crossed the Southern Alps via Arthur’s Pass and arrived at Christchurch in the afternoon. During the following last day of the field trip they took part in a guided tour through the biggest city of the South Island by Professor Parson from the Institute of Geography at the University of Canterbury. In the focus of his explanations were questions of urban change, which came along with the economic reforms at the end of the 1980’s. With this, the field trip to New Zealand ended in Christchurch on March 4, 2007. Part Two – The thematic texts Apart from gaining a first impression, a field trip as a way of exploring and studying a country also opens up the possibility of critically reflecting about social questions and processes. Those reflections are the centre of the following texts in the second part of this report. The range of topics dealt with in the texts reaches from physical-geographical features, agriculture and forestry as well as Maori related topics to population geographical questions regarding migration and integration in New Zealand. The choice of this wide range is based on a holistic understanding of geography, as it is deeply rooted in this discipline. One important reference, that you will find in various parts of the different reports, deals with a central debate in geography – the impact and interaction of global factors, independent of locality, and local factors, specific to certain regions (“Glocalization”). Because it was possible for the participants to get an insight into very different fields of life in New Zealand, the main aim of the second part of this report should be to give a good overview of New Zealand and its people. Predominantly, the texts are of a descriptive character, nevertheless there are many parts where crucial changes and challenges for New Zealand society shall be mentioned, explanatory approaches be given and strategies for possible solutions be shown. In detail, the thematic part is structured as follows: At first, Anja Lehmann attends to Maori life in ‘Aotearoa’ and examines history, culture and present situation of New Zealand’s indigenous population. Then, Katharina Popig and Manuel Hundt depict the early European migration to New Zealand in their text, with an emphasis on the role of German or Bohemian settlers. In the following text Manuel Hundt shines a light on changing patterns in recent migration and takes a closer look on questions of integration in New Zealand, especially regarding the role of Pacific Islanders. After that, the text by Lilli Maier deals with tourism, examining its forms and its role in New Zealand economy. Natalia Kiselgof gives an overview both of physical geographical aspects and landscape forms in New Zealand as of the structure of New Zealand agriculture. In the last text, New Zealand’s forestry is subject to a critical analysis by Sören Sturm.

No Brasil do século XIX, o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB), fundado na Corte do Rio de Janeiro, em 1838, foi o local escolhido pelo governo central para dar vida ao projeto de forjamento de uma história pátria capaz de oferecer ao país um discurso histórico próprio e que o mostrasse como uma unidade política indivisa e carregada de princípios unificadores nacionais. Sob o manto protetor da Monarquia Constitucional, considerada o principal fator de união dos membros da jovem nação brasileira, coube, principalmente, ao IHGB pensar essa nação intelectualmente, por meio da promoção da História e da Geografia. Dessa maneira, a fim de cumprir sua meta de composição de uma história para o Brasil, o IHGB se propôs a coletar, em todas as províncias que formavam o vasto território nacional, informações que pudessem servir para a composição da História e da Geografia brasileiras, centralizando no Rio de Janeiro, sede da Monarquia, o material recolhido por todo o país. Esse trabalho passou a contar com um novo braço quando, na Província do Rio Grande do Sul, foi fundado o Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Província de São Pedro (IHGPSP), associação letrada com propósitos semelhantes aos do IHGB. Assim, tendo que lidar com a criação de uma associação congênere à sua (e justamente em uma das províncias mais belicosas do Império), o IHGB precisou responder ao pedido de filiação do IHGPSP. Mais ainda: necessitou lidar com o estabelecimento de uma instituição que tinha como finalidade narrar a história do Rio Grande, tarefa até então mantida sob seu controle. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se deu o processo de constituição de uma escrita da história sobre o Rio Grande do Sul ao longo do século XIX tendo como estratégia principal a análise do material sobre o Rio Grande coletado, principalmente, em dois periódicos oitocentistas: a Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro e a Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Província de São Pedro, tomadas como as principais publicações que, durante o período imperial, se ocuparam da narrativa da história rio-grandense. A pesquisa pretende, igualmente, investigar o IHGPSP e o IHGB como lugares sociais de prática historiográfica e, ainda, se debruçar sobre o papel dos principais letrados que estiveram envolvidos no processo de elaboração de uma escrita da história rio-grandense dentro dessas instituições.
In Brazil, during the 19th Century, the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro – IHGB), founded in the Court of Rio de Janeiro, in 1838, was the site chosen by the central government to give life to the project of shaping a national history capable of offering the country a particular historical discourse, which would portray Brazil as an undividable political unity with unified national principles. Under the protection of the Constitutional Monarchy, which was considered the main element that could unite the members of the young Brazilian nation, IHGB received the task to think this nation intellectually, by elevating History and Geography. To that end, aiming to accomplish the goal of composing a history to Brazil, IHGB proposed itself to collect information that could be used in the composition of the Brazilian History and Geography, in all provinces that were part the wide national territory, concentrating the material collected all over the county in Rio de Janeiro, the seat of the Monarchy. This enterprise received further assistance when, in the Province of Rio Grande do Sul, the Historic and Geographic Institute of the Province of São Pedro (Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Província de São Pedro – IHGPSP) was founded; this erudite association had similar goals to the IHGB. Thus, having to deal with an association much alike its own (and precisely set in one of the most quarrelsome provinces of the Empire), IHGB had to respond to the request of admission of IHGPSP. And, in addition to that, it had to deal with the establishment of an institution that aimed to narrate the history of Rio Grande, an activity under its sole control until that point. This thesis aims at comprehending the process of constitution of the writing of a history of Rio Grande do Sul throughout the 19th Century, having as its main strategy the analysis of the material on Rio Grande collected especially in two periodicals from this century: the Magazine of the Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute (Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro) and the Magazine of the Historic and Geographic Institute of the Province of São Pedro (Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Província de São Pedro). Those magazines are considered the main publications that, during the Imperial period, take up the narrative of the history of Rio Grande do Sul. This research intends, likewise, to investigate IHGPSP and IHGB as social sites of historiographic practice and, furthermore, to scrutinize the role of the leading savants involved in the process of development of the writing of a history of Rio Grande do Sul within these institutions.

Given my experiences as a young conservation advocate, I saw a need to teach students the importance of interconnectedness, cultural awareness and systems-thinking skills through a spatial lens. I believe these skills are required for holistic, equitable and sustainable conservation decision-making in local and international contexts. This thesis uses geospatial tools to teach conservation ecology vocabulary and concepts from high school environmental science curriculum in two online resources. The purpose of my lesson plan is to show students how conservationists address complex conservation and land-use challenges using the Jane Goodall Institute’s community-centered conservation approach as a case-study. My hope is that these lessons empower students to become change-agents in their communities.

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This research takes us to a reflection about the contribution of School Geography in the curriculum of the Agricultural Technician through the discussion of environmental questions. The aim of this research is to comprehend how the geography teaching, through the studying of environmental questions, can contribute to the formation of the Agricultural Technician, having in mind a formation that links contents of general teaching to a technical subject. This knowledge will be reached through interviews with students of 2nd and 3rd grades in the course of Agricultural Technician integrated into high school, at the Instituto Federal Baiano - Campus Catu. In this context, the researcher assumes that for the formation of high school technicians who will work in Brazilian agricultural business is necessary the transmission of knowledge in a way that the traditional subjects of high school should be straightly integrated to the technician contents. Besides is also necessary to make the students sensitive to environmental questions in order to guarantee that the school is preparing technicians with a critical vision and enough knowledge to transform their environment through the perspective of Environment Development, promoting the formation of ?citizens? who know the general problems of Brazilian society in their multiple aspects, such as social, economical, political and environmental issues. The result of the research made leads to the conclusion that in first place the Geography teaching is consistent with the formation of the Agricultural Technician and that concepts like nature and environmental questions are straightly linked to the understanding of the relation between society and nature that collaborates for the student understands the earth not as a bargaining chip for capital accumulation but as an element of economical and sustainable development. The last conclusion is that the concept of sustainable development is not so released among students but the practices to take to it are well known by them. Besides, the reform of agricultural education that divides enabling agricultural into agricultural and livestock seems not to promote employability.
Este trabalho nos leva a uma reflex?o sobre a contribui??o da Geografia Escolar na forma??o do T?cnico agr?cola, a partir da discuss?o das quest?es ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho ? compreender como o ensino de Geografia, a partir do estudo das quest?es ambientais, contribui para a forma??o do t?cnico agr?cola tendo em vista uma forma??o que vincula conte?dos do ensino proped?utico a ?rea t?cnica. A metodologia usada neste trabalho consistiu na aplica??o de question?rio semi - estruturado com estudantes da segunda e terceira s?ries do ensino m?dio integrado t?cnico em agropecu?ria do Instituto Federal Baiano, campus ? Catu. Neste contexto, parte-se do pressuposto de que para a forma??o de t?cnicos de n?vel m?dio, para trabalharem na agropecu?ria brasileira, ? necess?ria a transmiss?o de conhecimentos onde o ensino de disciplinas ditas do ensino m?dio deve estar diretamente integrado a ?rea t?cnica, como tamb?m torn?-los sens?veis ?s quest?es ambientais a fim de que se formem t?cnicos com vis?o cr?tica e conhecimentos satisfat?rios para assim, transformarem o seu entorno, dentro da perspectiva do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel, garantindo a forma??o de "cidad?os", conhecedores dos problemas gerais da sociedade brasileira em seus m?ltiplos aspectos, sociais, econ?micos, pol?ticos culturais e ambientais. O resultado da pesquisa realizada durante o trabalho leva a concluir em primeiro lugar que o ensino de Geografia est? em conson?ncia com a forma??o do t?cnico agr?cola, que conceitos como natureza, quest?o ambiental, est?o diretamente vinculados ao entendimento da rela??o da sociedade com a natureza, fato que colabora para que o estudante entenda a terra n?o como moeda de troca para acumula??o de capital, mas sim como um elemento de desenvolvimento econ?mico com sustentabilidade.

Abstract This chapter describes the contributions of the International Livestock Research Institute's (ILRI) to animal breeding. The specific topics include the genetic characterization and history of livestock, breeding technologies, genetic improvement of indigenous livestock, tools and methods for conducting breed surveys, classification of African livestock populations, molecular genetic characterization, the genetic history of cattle in Africa and linking livestock to human history, genetic history and geography of African sheep, genetic history and geography of African chickens, genetic history and geography of the African dromedary, establishment of a joint laboratory with CAAS in Beijing and expansion into Asia, ILRI's genetic characterization as a catalyst for international interest, genetics of trypanotolerance and genetics of resistance to gastrointestinal parasites.

This article presents the objectives and format of Vamos Contar, a project by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. In order to fulfill the Institute’s mission “to portray Brazil by providing the information required to the understanding of its reality and the exercise of citizenship”, it is not enough to only produce and disseminate geographic and statistical information. In a country such as Brazil, in which the population faces major difficulties in the educational field, the Institute realized it could play an active role as a contributor to people’s qualification so as to enable them to autonomously read and interpret data concerning their reality. Targeted at providing informative material and teaching resources for the pedagogical work based on data produced by the Institute, Vamos Contar was born as an educational project aimed at communication with teachers.

INEGI ́s objectives are to generate, spread, preserve and promote the knowledge and use of official statistics and geography information that is generated and collected by the Institute. The information increases its value the more it is used and that ́s why at INEGI we constantly search new ways and channels to extend its dissemination and comprehension.

The article presents the results of an introduction study of Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et C.A. Mey on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. Information on the biology, geography and culture species is provided. It is established that this species is stable in culture in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir pre-Urals and is promising for gardening and selection as a highly ornamental early-flowering species.

In Mexico there are 22 million children and teenagers around 6 and 15 years old, who represent 29% of its population. The National Institute of Statistics and Geography in Mexico (INEGI) is looking forward to increase the use of statistic and geographic data in all society sectors. To achieve this goal, specially in people in the referred age, INEGI has established an agreement with the Ministry of Education, in charge of National Education for elementary and high school students, in order to include statistical and geographical information in all the available channels as text books, computer programs and videos. At the same time, INEGI offers a dedicated section in the institutional INEGI website. To close the circle, INEGI together with Aguascalientes’ Universty, developed a Statistical course, made specifically for elementary school teachers, to teach them on the large variety of information INEGI produces and how to link it with their syllabus.

Approximately 2.7 million Brazilians may have some speech disorder, according to the Brazilians Institute of Geography and Statistics. Language therapies usually employ speech exercises at home for people with speech disorders without close specialized supervision. There are fundamental movements. Assistive technology and machine learning can support the development of speech pronunciation practice systems. SofiaFala is a mobile application that supports prescription, monitoring, execution, and evaluation of speech therapies. It also supports speech therapist data analysis for the outside clinical environment. In the two last years, 1,400 speech therapists have required access to the SofiaFala.

According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics,there are about 6.5 million visually impaired in Brazil. A frequentissue is the insertion of them in hazardous environments signaledby signs only. Solutions must be produced to improve the life qualityof visually impaired whether at work or in public places. In thissense, the present paper presents an application of danger signrecognition aimed at people with visual impairment through asupervised learning classifier called Haar Cascade. Furthermore,the paper reports preliminary results regarding effectiveness ofthe proposed system applied in a set of images. Overall, for themajority of the samples, the proposed system achieved a promisingscore and this can be a good alternative for studies that aim visuallyimpaired inclusion in dangerous environments.

The Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program (PIBIC) “Learning to Portray Your Reality” seeks to motivate female high school students to apply for undergraduate program in statistics at the University of Brasilia (UnB), to divulge the undergraduate program in statistics at UnB and to promote the statistical education. The high school students learned how to have a statistical thinking, what is the job of a statistician and the roll of statistic in science, as well as some basics concepts of statistics. They also learned how to work with the database available online by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Furthermore, it was designed an activity to promote the undergraduate program in statistics at UnB and the learning of the statistic in their school.

According to INEGI (National Institute for Statistics and Geography), in 2004 there were around 730,000 people in Mexico with the need of some kind of mechanical aid to regain ability to walk. Support equipment for regaining the ability to walk normally is manufactured outside of Mexico. This equipment is complex and very expensive. In this work, the design of a walking ability rehabilitation aid is presented. This work is carried out applying the modular design concept. This ensures that all client needs are fulfilled by the resultant product, and that these needs are measurable and controllable. Basic idea behind this design is supporting part of patient’s weight and that of an exoskeleton on a mechanical device. Basic kinematics and dynamic calculation are presented, as well as simulations results. This information shows the feasibility of building and operating this rehabilitation walking aid.

In February 2008, the Brazilian Federal Government created the Citizenship Territories Program, whose purpose is to promote and accelerate the elimination of poverty and social inequality in rural areas, including gender, race and ethnicity, through a sustainable territorial development strategy. The choice of the territories entered in the Citizenship Territories Program results from pre-defined criteria, examples of the low Human Development Index (HDI) and low economic dynamism, in which were chosen 60 territories to be benefited with structuring actions in 2008 and more 60 in 2009, totaling 120, divided into five regions of Brazil, where, within these territories, are being applied three axes to support productive activities, citizenship and access to rights and the qualification of the infrastructure. In this sense, this article aims to demonstrate the challenges of combating rural exodus, since the implementation of this Program in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina State, specifically in the municipalities of São Bento do Sul and Rio Negrinho, Citizenship Territories Program members. The case study is based on bibliographic and documentary research; data analysis provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and; in analysis of thematic maps produced in environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). With the found results expected to ratify that despite the efforts and actions taken by the Citizenship Territories Program, in these members municipalities, public policy has not been able to be effective in combating rural exodus, where it is believed that the appeal to such an act are still insufficient.

Buildings with earth in their composition have been common since the beginning of the Brazilian territory’s settlement. Until this day, wattle-and-daub homes are frequent in the Northeast region of the country. This technique uses a structural cage made of the weft of woods whose interlocking voids are covered with thrown wet clay. Due to the current association of these buildings as shelters for insects that may contain Trypanosoma cruzi (which transmits the Chagas disease) numerous public policies guide eradication and replacement of these buildings by others built with masonry. Due to the destruction of these buildings, built with vernacular earthen techniques, this research aims to survey buildings that still resist in the semiarid region of Sergipe state. Therefore, literature review was carried out on architecture in the semiarid region and building investigation techniques using digital tools. Considering Sars-Cov-2 pandemic as a prohibitive condition that caused difficulties in collecting data in the field, it was necessary to seek out methods that could be used for a remote survey. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis was carried out with digitally available tools in which it was possible to observe popular buildings built with earth in the legal semi-arid region. Initially, data was collected from the latest demographic censuses carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), as well as the socioeconomic data of Brazilian families in poverty situations registered with the government. This initial data, however, did not present information on geographic positioning of the dwellings, making it necessary to conduct a survey through Google Street View software, allowing the visualization of images at ground level, being effective on searching for wattle-and-daub residences. From these data, a catalog of the constructions found was generated and, by georeferencing these dwellings, the documentation produced may contribute to the preservation of vernacular constructive memory of this study’s location object.

Monitoring water quality of small inland lakes and reservoirs is a critical component of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) water quality management plans. However, limited resources for traditional field-based monitoring of numerous lakes and reservoirs covering vast geographic areas often leads to reactional responses to harmful algal bloom (HAB) outbreaks. Satellite remote sensing methodologies using HAB indicators is a good low-cost option to traditional methods and has been proven to maximize and complement current field-based approaches while providing a synoptic view of water quality (Beck et al. 2016; Beck et al. 2017; Beck et al. 2019; Johansen et al. 2019; Mishra et al. 2019; Stumpf and Tomlinson 2007; Wang et al. 2020; Xu et al. 2019; Reif 2011). To assist USACE water quality management, we developed an Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcGIS Pro desktop software toolbox (waterquality for ArcGIS Pro) founded on the design and research established in the waterquality R software package (Johansen et al. 2019; Johansen 2020). The toolbox enables the detection, monitoring, and quantification of HAB indicators (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity) using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Four tools are available: (1) automating the download of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery, (2) creating stacked image with options for cloud and non-water features masks, (3) applying water quality algorithms to generate relative estimations of one to three water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity), and (4) creating linear regression graphs and statistics comparing in situ data (from field-based water sampling) to relative estimation data. This document serves as a user’s guide for the waterquality for ArcGIS Pro toolbox and includes instructions on toolbox installation and descriptions of each tool’s inputs, outputs, and troubleshooting guidance.

Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE or Corps) has a mission to manage flood risks: “The USACE Flood Risk Management Program (FRMP) works across the agency to focus the policies, programs and expertise of USACE toward reducing overall flood risk. This includes the appropriate use and resiliency of structures such as levees and floodwalls, as well as promoting alternatives when other approaches (e.g., land acquisition, flood proofing, etc.) reduce the risk of loss of life, reduce long-term economic damages to the public and private sector, and improve the natural environment.” As a part of that mission, the Institute for Water Resources (IWR) in cooperation with other Corps groups has developed the Generation II Coastal Risk Model (G2CRM) to support planning-level studies of hurricane protection systems (HPS). The G2CRM is distinguished from other models currently used for that purpose by virtue of its focus on probabilistic life cycle approaches. This allows for examination of important long-term issues including the impact of climate change and avoidance of repetitive damages. Key features of the model include the ability to use readily available data from existing sources and corporate databases and integration with geographic information systems (GIS). The G2CRM generates a wide variety of outputs useful for estimating damages and costs, characterizing and communicating risk, and reporting detailed model behavior, in the without-project condition and under various plan alternatives for the with-project condition.