Journal articles on the topic 'Institut de la vision (Paris, France)'

The attacks suffered by France in January and November 2015, and then in the course of 2016, especially the Nice attack, provoked intense online activity both during the events and in the months that followed. The digital traces left by this reactivity and reactions to events gave rise, from the very first days and even hours after the attacks, to a ‘real-time’ institutional archiving by the National Library of France ( Bibliothèque nationale de France, BnF) and the National Audio-visual Institute ( Institut national de l’audiovisuel, Ina). The results amount to millions of archived tweets and URLs. This article seeks to highlight some of the most significant issues raised by these relatively unprecedented corpora, from collection to exploitation, from online stream of data to its mediation and re-composition. Indeed, web archiving practices in times of emergency and crises are significant, almost emblematic, loci to explore the human and technical agencies, and the complex temporalities, of ‘born-digital’ heritage. The cases examined here emphasize the way these ‘emergency collections’ challenge the perimeters and the very nature of web archives as part of our digital and societal heritage, and the guiding visions of its governance and mission. Finally, the present analysis underlines the need for a careful contextualization of the design process – both of original web pages or tweets and of their archived images – and of the tools deployed to collect, retrieve and analyse them.

Variants in the X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator gene (RPGR) and, specifically, in its retinal opening reading frame-15 isoform (RPGRORF15) may cause rod-cone (RCD), cone, and cone-rod dystrophies (CDs and CRDs). While RPGR-related RCDs have been frequently evaluated, the characteristics and progression of RPGR-related CD/CRDs are largely unknown. Therefore, the goal of our work was to perform genotype–phenotype correlations specifically in RPGRORF15-related CD/CRDs. This retrospective longitudinal study included 34 index patients and two affected relatives with a molecular diagnosis of RPGR-related CD/CRDs. Patients were recruited at the “Quinze-Vingts” Hospital, Paris, France and screened for mutations in RPGRORF15 at the Institut de la Vision, Paris, France. We identified 29 distinct variants, of which 27 were truncating. All were located in the 3′ half of the RPGRORF15 transcript. Twenty of them were novel. Fifteen subjects were affected by CD, the remaining had CRD. When analyzing the longitudinal data, a progressive decline in visual acuity (VA) was noted, with more than 60% of the patients reaching VA ≥ 1 LogMar in the best eye after the fifth decade of life. To our knowledge, this is the largest described study of a cohort of CD/CRD patients affected by RPGRORF15 variants. Longitudinal data showed a rapidly progressive disease, possibly locating an optimal window of intervention for future therapies in younger ages.

The article examines a group of exhibitions that took place in the late seventies and early eighties and are useful for grasping what was at stake regarding the debates on the tensions between modernist and post-modernist architecture. Among the exhibitions that are examined are Europa-America: Architettura urbana, alternative suburbane, curated by Vittorio Gregotti for the Biennale di Venezia in 1976; La Presenza del passato, curated by Paolo Portoghesi for the Biennale di Venezia in 1980; the French version of La presenza del passato—Présence de l’histoire, l’après modernisme—held in the framework of the Festival d’Automne de Paris in 1981; Architectures en France: Modernité/post-modernité, curated by Chantal Béret and held at the Institut Français d’Architecture (18 November 1981–6 February 1982); La modernité, un projet inachevé: 40 architectures, curated by Paul Chemetov and Jean-Claude Garcias for the Festival d’Automne de Paris in 1982; La modernité ou l’esprit du temps, curated by Jean Nouvel, Patrice Goulet, and François Barré and held at the Centre Pompidou in 1982; and Nouveaux plaisirs d’architecture, curated by Jean Dethier for the Centre Pompidou in 1985, among other exhibitions. Analysing certain important texts published in the catalogues of the aforementioned exhibitions, the debates that accompanied the exhibitions and an ensemble of articles in French architectural magazines such as L’Architecture d’aujourd’hui and the Techniques & Architecture, the article aims to present the questions that were at the centre of the debates regarding the opposition or osmosis between the modernist and postmodernist ideals. Some figures, such as Jean Nouvel, were more in favour of the cross-fertilisation between modernity and postmodernity, while others, such as Paul Chemetov, believed that architects should rediscover modernity in order to enhance the civic dimension of architecture. Following Pierre Bourdieu’s approach, the article argues that the tension between the ways in which each of these exhibitions treats the role of the image within architectural design and the role of architecture for the construction of a vision regarding progress is the expression of two divergent positions in social space.

Рецензия на книгу: Alexandre Stroev, La Russie et la France des Lumières : Monarques et philosophes, écrivains et espions. Paris: Institut d’études slaves (Bibliothèque russe de l’Institut d’études slaves, tome CXXXVI), 2017. 512 p. Review of: Alexandre Stroev, La Russie et la France des Lumières : Monarques et philosophes, écrivains et espions. Paris: Institut d’études slaves (Bibliothèque russe de l’Institut d’études slaves, tome CXXXVI), 2017. 512 p.

Review of: Nikolaï Karamzin en France. L'image de la France dans les Lettres d'un voyageur russe [Nikolai Karamzin in France. The Image of France in the Letters of a Russian Traveler], sous la direction de Rodolphe Baudin. Paris: Institut d’études slaves, 2014, 228 p., ill., ISSN 0078-9976, ISBN 978-2-7204-0523-5

RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de financiación y de control de las instituciones religiosas por los laicos en las primeras décadas de la conquista y colonización de Hispanoamérica. Investigar sobre la inversión laica en lo sagrado supone en un primer lugar aclarar la historiografía sobre laicos, religión y dinero en las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen y su trasposición en América, planteando una mirada desde el punto de vista de las motivaciones múltiples de los actores seglares. A través del ejemplo de restituciones, donaciones y legados en losAndes, se explora el papel de los laicos españoles, y también de las poblaciones indígenas, en el establecimiento de la densa red de instituciones católicas que se construye entonces. La propuesta postula el protagonismo de actores laicos en la construcción de un espacio cristiano en los Andes peruanos en el siglo XVI y principios del XVII, donde la inversión económica permite contribuir a la transición de una sociedad de guerra y conquista a una sociedad corporativa pacificada.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hispanoamérica-Andes, religión, economía, encomienda, siglos XVI y XVII.ABSTRACTThis article aims to reflect on the mechanisms of financing and control of religious institutions by the laity in the first decades of the conquest and colonization of Spanish America. Investigating lay investment in the sacred sphere means first of all to clarifying historiography on laity, religion and money within Ancien Régime societies and their transposition to America, taking into account the multiple motivations of secular actors. The example of restitutions, donations and legacies inthe Andes enables us to explore the role of the Spanish laity and indigenous populations in the establishment of the dense network of Catholic institutions that was established during this period. The proposal postulates the role of lay actors in the construction of a Christian space in the Peruvian Andes in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when economic investment contributed to the transition from a society of war and conquest to a pacified, corporate society.KEY WORDS: Hispanic America-Andes, religion, economics, encomienda, 16th and 17th centuries. BIBLIOGRAFIAAbercrombie, T., “Tributes to Bad Conscience: Charity, Restitution, and Inheritance in Cacique and Encomendero Testaments of 16th-Century Charcas”, en Kellogg, S. y Restall, M. 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Las capellanías de misas en la Nueva España, 1600-1821, Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2005.Zavala, S., La encomienda indiana, Madrid, Junta para ampliación de estudios e investigaciones científicas-Centro de estudios históricos, 1935.Zemon Davis, N., Essai sur le don dans la France du XVIe siècle, Paris, Seuil, 2003.

This article presents an undergraduate student research project on the existence and nature of the mass-elite gap conducted in France through the Institut d’Etudes Politique, “Sciences Po,” Paris program.

(article appeared in Visual Neuroscience (2004), 21, 283–289Due to a production error, the second author affiliation is incorrectly cited. It should have read as follows:INSERM U371, Cerveau et Vision, IFR 19, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Bron France

In this editorial, we briefly highlight the career of Ion Cantacuzino from his academic training to his accomplishments in the context of fruitful international collaborations, especially with renowned scientists at Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. He contributed to establish the fundaments of Immunology with relevance for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

On 26 February 2008, the National Reference Centre for Rabies at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France, confirmed the diagnosis of rabies in a domestic dog living in Grandpuits, Seine-et-Marne district, a suburb of Paris. The dog was a nine-month-old mixed-breed female, named Cracotte (pictures available at http://www.invs.sante.fr/display/?doc=surveillance/rage/actu.htm). It developed its first symptoms on 15 February, had bitten its owner and one neighbour and had been euthanized on 19 February. The viral strain was identified by the National Reference Centre for Rabies as a strain belonging to Lyssavirus genotype 1, Africa 1 lineage, originating from Morocco. According to its owner, Cracotte had never been outside France. France has been declared officially rabies-free since 2001. An investigation was undertaken to identify the source of infection and modes of transmission for Cracotte in order to identify potentially exposed individuals and animals and to carry out an assessment of the risk of rabies virus transmission in France.

The historic site of the French national library is currently being renovated in order to become a major centre for art documentation and special collections. It will incorporate three separate institutions: the specialist departments of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the library of the Institut national d’histoire de l’art, and the library of the Ecole nationale des Chartes. Completion of the project is scheduled for 2017.

The experts taking part in the Workshop were: E. Rodríguez-Farré ( Coordinator); G.N. Fracchia, (Secretary); M. Adolphe, École des Hautes Études, Paris, France); P.H. Bach (University of East London, UK); M. Baeder (Hoechst Ltd, Hattersheira, Germany); R. Bass (BGA, Berlin, Germany); H.G. Baumgarten (Frei Universität, Berlin, Germany); H. Bazin (DGXII, CEC, Brussels, Belgium); P. Bentley (Ciba-Geigy, Basle, Switzerland); A. Boobis (Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK); J. Castell (Hospital La Fé, Valencia, Spain); J.P. Contzen (DGXII, CEC, Brussels, Belgium); A. Cordier (Sandoz Pharma Ltd, Basle, Switzerland); J. Diezi (Université de Lausanne, Switzerland); L. Dubertret (INSERM U-312, Creteil, France); P.M. Fasella (DGXII, CEC, Brussels, Belgium); J.H. Fentem (FRAME, Nottingham, UK); A. Guillouzo (INSERM U-49, Rennes, France); I. Kimber (Zeneca, Macclesfield, UK); T. Krieg (Universität zu Koln, Germany); A. Mantovani (Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy); K. Miller (BIBRA, Carshalton, UK); J.P. Morin (INSERM U-295, Rouen, France); D. Paul (Fraunhofer Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Hannover, Germany); P.W.J. Peters (Riijkinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene, Bilthoven, The Netherlands); J. Picard (Faculté des Sciences, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium); D. Poggiolini (Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy); C.M. Regan (University College, Dublin, Ireland); C.A. Reinhardt (SIAT, Zurich, Switzerland); B. Robaire (McGill University, Montreal, Canada); M. Roberfroid (Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium); V. Rogiers (Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium); J. Rueff (Istituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Lisbon, Portugal); H. Spielmann (ZEBET, Berlin, Germany); H. Stolte (Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany); J. van Noordwijk (European Pharmacopeia Commission, Bosch en Duin, The Netherlands); E. Walum (University of Stockholm, Sweden); D.C. Williams (Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland); and M. Yaniv (Institut Pasteur, Paris, France), and their contributions are gratefully acknowledged.

W artykule przybliżamy pobyt A. Pelczara (1937–2010) we Francji i jego spotkania z matematykami pracującymi i goszczącymi w prestiżowym Institut des hautes études scientifiques w Bures-sur-Yvette (IHÉS) i Université Paris XI (Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay). Przyszły twórca krakowskiej szkoły układów dynamicznych miał okazję spotkać, m.in. następujących matematyków: M. Artin, A. Grothendieck, N. Kuiper, B. Malgrange, J. Mather, P. Deligne, R. Thom, Ch. Zeeman. Artykuł powstał dzięki wspomnieniom współuczestnika pobytu we Francji – Jacka Bochnaka, dzisiaj znanego profesora Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. On Andrzej Pelczar’s meetings with French mathematicians in the academic year 1967/68 The article familiarizes the readers with the stay of A. Pelczar (1937–2010) in France and his encounters with mathematicians working and staying in the prestigious Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in Bures-sur-Yvette (IHÉS) and Université Paris XI (Faculté des Sciences d’Orsay). The future founder of the Kraków school of dynamical systems had an opportunity to meet the following mathematicians, among others: M. Artin, A. Grothendieck, N. Kuiper, B. Malgrange, J. Mather, P. Deligne, R. Thom, Ch. Zeeman. The article was written thanks to the memories of Jacek Bochnak, the companion of Pelczar in France, nowadays a renowned professor of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.

The library of the Institut national d’histoire de l’art in Paris has recently conducted detailed research into the classification which will be used for the large amount of stock which will be on open access to its users. A working group was established which, after rejecting the idea of a specially created scheme, looked at what other systems were available, comparing those currently in use in the largest art and archaeology libraries in France and abroad. They also studied the two encyclopaedic classifications – Dewey and UDC. The final recommendation was adoption of the Library of Congress Classification and work to implement this decision is now under way.

While Christianity in France continues to decline overall, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paris seems to be experiencing a small-scale revival among a “creative minority” of often younger Christians. Rooted in the vision and leadership of Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger, these pockets of vitality exhibit several common themes, among them intentional formation, rootedness in prayer, the importance of beauty, pilgrimage, and the influence of monastic or neo-monastic movements. Despite many French cultural distinctives, some of the emphases of these flourishing communities and initiatives might be useful as American Episcopalians attempt to reshape ministry and community life for an increasingly post-Christian culture.

ArgumentThis essay places some therapeutic vaccines, including particularly the diphtheria antitoxin, into their larger historical context of the late nineteenth century. As industrially produced drugs, these vaccines ought to be seen in connection with the structural changes in medicine and pharmacology at the time. Given the spread of industrial culture and technology into the field of medicine and pharmacology, therapeutic vaccines can be understood as boundary objects that required and facilitated communication between industrialists, medical researchers, public health officials, and clinicians. It was in particular in relation to evaluation and testing for efficacy in animal models that these medicines became a model for twentieth-century medicine. In addition, these medicines came into being as a parallel invention in two very distinct local cultures of research: the Institut Pasteur in Paris and the Institut für Infektionskrankheiten in Berlin. While their local cultural origins were plainly visible, the medicines played an important role in the alignment of the methods and objects that took place in bacteriology research in France and Germany in the 1890s. This article assesses the two locally specific regimes for control in France and in Imperial Germany. In France the Institut Pasteur, building on earlier successful vaccines, enjoyed freedom from scrutinizing control. The tight and elaborate system of control that evolved in Imperial Germany is portrayed as being reliant on experiences that were drawn from the dramatic events that surrounded the launching of a first example of so-called “bacteriological medicine,” tuberculin, in 1890.

This article is an expanded version of a paper presented at the ‘Developments in Dress History’ conference at the University of Brighton in December 2011. Based on research from the author's master's thesis, ‘La mode en France durant la Première Guerre mondiale’, written at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris, this article examines the declining relationship between the Chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne, the couturiers and the seamstresses, which ignited an industry-wide labour strike in May 1917.

The Institut national d’histoire de l’art in Paris (INHA), whose Library will open in 2008, will have one of the best collections of sales catalogues in the world, already estimated at more than 200,000 items. In 2003, in order to improve access, INHA undertook the retrospective conversion of the records describing this material. The establishment of a committee of librarians and researchers charged with developing the Library’s acquisition policy is providing an opportunity to review the future development of the collection as well as the possibility of creating a worldwide network of information, based in France, in this subject area.

Abstract Radiation Therapy Toxicities and Survival Outcomes in Monoallelic ATM Variant Carriers with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Rayan Bensenane1 MD, Arnaud Beddok1,2,3 MD, Nadine Andrieu4 PhD, Fabienne Lesueur4 PhD, Eve Cavaciuti 4 MSc, Dorothee Le Gal4 MSc, Eon-Marchais Severine4 PhD, Dominique Stoppa Lyonnet 5MD PhD, Youlia Kirova1 MD 1. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France. 2. Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 125 Nashua St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA 3. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Inserm LITO U1288 Orsay, France 4. Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France 5.Department of Genetics, Institut Curie; Inserm U830, Institut Curie; Paris-Cité University Abstract (characters: 2952; max 3400 characters, not include spaces) Background: The Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene, involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, can contribute to radiosensitivity when a bi-allelic variant is present and lead to Ataxia-Telangiectasia syndrome. Moreover, monoallelic ATM pathologic variant (PV) carriers, especially women, has an estimated occurrence rate of 0.5-1% globally and face a 2 to 3-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer. Despite evidence of in vitro radiosensitivity in cells derived from monoallelic variant carriers, there is a dearth of patient studies examining the risk of radiation-induced toxicity. This study aims to explore radiation therapy (RT) toxicities in non-metastatic breast cancer women carrying a germline monoallelic ATM variant, compared to non-carriers. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at Institut Curie, Paris from 1999 to 2014 and participating to CoF-AT (a French national study) and GENESIS database. ATM variant screenings encompassed both PV and non-PV, with toxicities evaluated using CTCAE v.5. Variants were classified as pathogenic, variant of unknown significance (VUS), or benign. Follow-up started from age/date at breast cancer to acute, late toxicities, disease recurrence or last news. Survival and toxicity comparisons were made using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Chi-square tests, respectively, with a significance level of α set at 0.05. Results: Among 50 patients, nine were ATM variant carriers (3 PV/5 VUS/1 benign), and 41 were non-carriers. Most patients had no smoking history (68%), and invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant diagnosis (82%). The majority underwent breast-conservative surgery (80%), and the dominant RT techniques were 3D-Conformational Radiation Therapy (70%) and Isocentric Lateral Decubitus (30%). The median RT dose was 50 Gy over an average period of 36.5 days. With a median follow-up of 12 years post-diagnosis, no significant difference in acute dermatitis, esophagitis, lymphedema, cutaneous fibrosis, telangiectasia, or heart disease was observed between the groups. Analysis of overall survival (OS) showed a 5-year OS of 98%, decreasing to 89% at 10 years. For ATM variant carriers, the OS at 5, 10, and 15 years was 100%, 89%, and 89%, respectively, similar to non-carriers. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant differences in 5, 10, and 15-year overall survival, progression-free survival, local failure-specific survival, and contralateral breast cancer rates between the groups. Conclusion: In non-metastatic breast cancer patients, monoallelic ATM variant carrier status does not significantly influence acute or late RT toxicities and survival outcomes. These findings, derived from a small cohort, highlight the need for prospective studies for further validation. Table: Acute and Late Toxicities Post-Radiation Therapy in Monoallelic ATM Variant Carriers vs Non-Carriers Citation Format: Rebecca Zasloff, Samantha Thomas, Kendra Parrish, Astrid Botty van de Bruele, Gayle DiLalla, Maggie DiNome, Laura Rosenberger, Hannah Woriax, E Shelley Hwang, Jennifer Plichta, Akiko Chiba. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Rates of Pathological Complete Response and Survival in Patients with Inflammatory Breast Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-10-01.

Christophe Dejours é doutor em medicina, especialista em medicina do trabalho e em psiquiatria, e psicanalista. É membro titular do Institut de Psychosomatique de Paris, da Association Psychanalytique de France e presidente do Conselho Científico da Fondation Jean Laplanche-Institut de France. Ele pesquisa as relações entre saúde e trabalho, o conflito entre organização do trabalho e o funcionamento psíquico, o sofrimento gerado pelo trabalho e as defesas contra esse sofrimento, a relação entre subjetividade e trabalho, utilizando-se da metodologia da “Psicodinâmica do Trabalho”. É apontado como o pai da “Psicodinâmica do Trabalho”, alcunha atribuída à disciplina em 1992, que, em síntese, agrega pesquisas sobre sofrimento e patologia mental no trabalho, utilizando a mesma clínica e instrumentos conceituais para entender e explicar a polarização dor versus prazer e patologia versus normalidade no trabalho. A partir das leituras das obras de Dejours e discussões sobre o seu pensamento, algumas inquietações surgidas deram corpo às questões formuladas nesta entrevista, elaboradas conjuntamente por Carolina Mesquita, Eduardo Peyon e Thaís Henriques Dias.

Former Rabbi of the Mouvement Juif Liberal de France (MJLF), Rabbi Daniel Édouard Farhi was born in Nazi-occupied Paris on 18 November 1941 to Sephardic parents who originated from Izmir, Turkey. Ordained in February 1966 by Rabbi Solomon B. Freehof at the Institut International des Études Hébraïques in Paris, he commenced his career as Rabbi of Union Libérale Israélite (1967–1977), commonly known as ‘Rue Copernic’ and the country’s first Liberal synagogue (1907). It was there where he received his formal Jewish education and where he later succeeded his mentor Rabbi Andre Chalom Zaoui when the latter made aliyah in 1969 to become spiritual leader rabbi of Har-El Synagogue in Jerusalem.

Elsa Schiaparelli’s avant-garde designs and her collaborative efforts with surrealist artists are the subject of most analyses of her work, which focus on themes of glamour, gender and the construction of a modern feminine beauty. Yet a number of lesser-known creations from the 1920s and 1930s, equally experimental in nature, reveal other progressive themes in the Italian-born designer’s oeuvre. References to the city in a number of her pieces, for example, provide a commentary on the important relationship between fashion, women and their urban environments. This article examines designs like the skyscraper silhouette, plastic accessories and new synthetic fabrics, echoing contemporary building materials, alongside the changing landscape of interwar Paris. Comparing the imagined city suggested in Schiaparelli’s sartorial creations with the real metropolis where these garments were worn, this study reveals fashion’s potential to express women’s desires for an improved urban reality.

A reliable diagnostic assay is crucial to early detect new COVID-19 cases and limit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization has published several diagnostic molecular approaches developed by referral laboratories, including Charité (Germany), HKU (Hong Kong), China CDC (China), US CDC (United States), and Institut Pasteur, Paris (France). We aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these different RT-PCR assays using SARS-CoV-2 cell culture supernatants and clinical respiratory samples. Overall, the different RT-PCR assays performed well for SARS-CoV-2 detection and were all specific except the N Charité (Germany), and N2 US CDC (United States) assays. RdRp Institut Pasteur (IP2, IP4), N China CDC, and N1 US CDC were found to be the most sensitive assays. The data presented herein are of prime importance to facilitate the equipment choice of diagnostic laboratories, as well as for the development of marketed tests.

In January 2003, the Institut de Veille Sanitaire received notification of clusters of gastroenteritis (GE) thought to be associated with consumption of oysters harvested from Etang de Thau in the south of France. At the same time Italy reported an outbreak (200+ cases) associated with oysters from the Etang de Thau. An investigation was carried out to determine the source and vehicle of the outbreaks. Descriptive analysis of reported clusters in France, microbiological analysis of stool and oyster samples, genotyping of noroviruses and an environmental investigation of the Etang de Thau were carried out. A retrospective cohort study was also undertaken among those attending a number of family meals in Paris. Thirteen family clusters in four districts of France (69 cases) could be attributed to the consumption of Thau oysters based on descriptive evidence. Oysters distributed at an office in Paris and consumed at fourteen family meals between 19 and 24 December led to a further outbreak. In this outbreak the attack rate was 21/36 (58%) for Thau oyster consumers and 0/22 for non-consumers (p=0.00002). Noroviruses (genogroups I and II) were found in stool samples from four clusters and oysters from three clusters (including Paris). Environmental investigations revealed heavy rainfall, an overflow of a water purification station and faecal contamination of the Etang de Thau in December. Oysters from the Etang de Thau were responsible for a number of clusters of norovirus GE in winter 2002 in France and also in Italy. High Escherichia Coli levels in Thau water and shellfish led to an official request, mid-December, for oyster purification before distribution. This was not possible, due to lack of purification facilities. This investigation has contributed to a change in the way that shellfish harvesting areas are classified in France.

The new AGORHA database at the INHA in Paris gives access to numerous information resources of value to art history researchers internationally. These include the catalogues of the Institute’s Library and its Jacques Doucet collection, which record the details of its heritage collections and archives, and the entire run of the Répertoire d’art et d’archéologie (1910-1972). It also hosts an increasing number of research databases that are a product of the research and teaching activities of the Galerie Colbert, which works in partnership with specialist education bodies throughout France. AGORHA will be online on the web by the time this article is published.

The French museum world is dominated by large public institution. The cradle of public museology, France boasts a long-standing tradition of central management in this domain, whose continuation can be found in the current legislative solutions (Act of 4 January 2002) organizing the system of museum activity, their approval, and financing modes. It is all based on the musée de France status that can be granted to institutions owned either by the state or to any other legal entity under public law or legal entity under private law engaged in a non-profit activity. The latter, belonging to associations and foundations, or run by them, in order to win the state’s recognition and support, have to comply with specific requirements defined in particular with respect to conservation and scientific elaboration of the collections, as well as to making them available for public viewing. What dominates among ‘private’ museums are institutions of the public benefit organization status, whose model was shaped in the 19th century, e.g. the Paris Union Centrale des Arts Décoratifs or Cinémathèque Française, to a substantial degree financed with public resources. Some of them, e.g. ecomuseums and industrial museums in Mulhouse, are almost self-sufficient financially. Another form of a ‘private’ museum is a foundation set up by a company/ concern or artists and patrons. The latter group includes institutions that are owned by e.g. Institut de France in Paris, Musée Calvet in Avignon, or Fondation Maeght in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, as well as first of all those involved in mounting big Paris exhibitions, foundations – museums of modern art: Fondation Cartier, Fondation Louis Vuitton, or Collection Pinault which is currently being established. Thanks to their spectacular architectural settings, aggressive publicity policy, and astounding turn-out successes, these new private museums are substantially transforming the artistic stage in France.

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis strains belonging to the L1, L2 or L3 genotype. An alert about an outbreak of LGV among MSM in the Netherlands was published in January 2004. The first cases of rectal LGV in France were retrospectively diagnosed in March 2004 and sentinel surveillance for LGV was implemented in April 2004. Most of the participating centres were located in the cities of Paris and Bordeaux. Only confirmed rectal LGV cases were included in the surveillance. Rectal specimens from men that were found to be positive for C trachomatis by PCR were sent to the National Reference Centre for Chlamydia infection for genotyping. Simple epidemiological data provided by clinicians and genotyping results were sent to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS) where data were anonymously recorded. A total of 328 C. trachomatis rectal strains isolated in men were genotyped by the end of December 2005. Of these, 244 (74%) were LGV strains belonging to the L2 genotype. No L1 or L3 C. trachomatis genotype was found. Diagnosis was made retrospectively for 46 cases. The median age of patients with LGV was 39 years. HIV status was known for 96 patients: 82/96 (85%) were HIV-infected. Most LGV cases were diagnosed in the Paris area (92%). Among the remaining 26% C. trachomatis strains, genotypes Da and G were the most frequent. As with syphilis in recent years, the emergence of LGV in Europe is mainly affecting HIV-infected MSM. The screening and treatment of STIs should be included in the clinical follow-up of all HIV-infected MSM.

Colonial administration, as every other administration, was built on the production and management of numbers: export figures (to assess the economic performance of each colony); population estimates, often falsely labeled “censuses” (to establish each colony's capacity to pay the head tax); school enrollment statistics (to establish budgets and document the road to “civilization”). French colonialism was probably one of the more centralized and number-producing systems. The regional (e.g., Dakar) and central (Paris) capitals were always requesting data for budgeting or simply for monitoring the evolution of each component of the empire.In the field of population statistics, before 1945 the process yielded very few reliable data, though a more systematic examination is required to be sure. Historically this can be explained by the evolution both of data collection and training in statistics in France during the first half of the twentieth century. The situation was well documented in the first decades of the century by Fernand Faure, a prominent member of the Société de Statistique de Paris, who noted that training in statistics was not very popular in the French civil service because no specific demand was made by higher levels of administrative or political power. Nevertheless, the Société and individuals in the Statistique Générale de France did succeed in pressing for the creation in 1922 of the Institut Supérieur de Statistique de l'Université de Paris (ISUP), but the lack of means at the institute made it virtually impossible for it to meet its training objectives.

Les travaux présentés dans cette synthèse portent essentiellement sur l'analyse de scènes à partir de caméras mobiles avec pour application immédiate l'apport d'une vision par ordinateur efficace dans les systèmes autonomes. Ils sont le fruit d'une décennie de recherches menées d'abord à l'INRETS (actuellement IFSTTAR : Institut français des sciences et technologies des transports, de l'aménagement et des réseaux ) puis à l'Université Paris Sud XI (Institut d'Électronique Fondamentale). L'idée initiale est que l'autonomie d'un système implique, ne serait-ce que pour raisons énergétiques, une faible variété d'opérateurs de perception, dont les algorithmes de vision. Les "primitives" extraites des images seront intrinsèquement robustes et stables vis-à-vis de perturbations variées. Elles doivent de plus anticiper, voire faciliter, un processus de décision à divers niveaux voulu systématique. Les lignes de niveaux répondent parfaitement à ces contraintes : on vérifie sans peine leur robustesse et leur abondance dans une image suggère et alimente un processus de décision cumulatif (manipulant un objet de décision unique : l'histogramme généralisé en espace de vote). Nos efforts se sont alors concentrés sur deux aspects : 1) le premier concerne la définition d'une méthodologie cohérente dans laquelle un processus primaire d'extraction de lignes de niveaux est enrichi afin de permettre la construction de primitives plus complexes guidée par un modèle de déformation de l'image. Le nombre de composants donc la forme des primitives est fonction directe du nombre de variables caractérisant le mouvement (déformation) à déterminer. 2) Le second intéresse une méthode de décision cumulative unifiée permettant de traiter des thèmes applicatifs de complexité croissante. Nos travaux se déclinent alors en trois niveaux de cumul, chacun associé de manière à un stade particulier de l'analyse d'images. Les thèmes applicatifs traités pour illustrer notre démarche sont de complexité croissante : détection et estimation du mouvement en caméra fixe, recalage d'images en caméra mobile (type de mouvement connu et profondeur des objets contrainte) puis estimation générale du mouvement propre et de la structure de la scène en caméras embarquées sur un véhicule mobile. Les résultats obtenus montrent comment un choix de primitives robustes associé à un processus de décision cumulatif permet la réutilisation des opérateurs dans plusieurs secteurs. Les systèmes proposés ont la particularité d'être compacts et cohérents, propriété recherchée dans les applications considérées.

S. Chandrasekhar (ed.). From India to Canada. A Brief History of Immigration; Problems of Discrimination; Admission and Assimilation. La Jolla, California: A Population Review Book, 1986.217 pp.US $ 25.00 Cloth, US $10.00 Paperback. Hubert CharboJUleau, Bertrand Desjardins, Andre Guilemette, Yves Landry, Jacques Legare and Francom Nault. Naissance d 'une Population. Les Francais etablis au Canada au XVIIe siecle. Paris, France: Institut Nationala d'Etudes Demo· graphiques, Presses Universitaires de France. Montreal: Presses de l'Universite de Montreal, 1987. viii +232 pp + 3 folded graphs and maps. Fr francs 60.00 Paperback. Art Hansen and Anthony OJiver-Smith (eds.). Involuntary Migration and Resettlement. The Problem and Responses of Dislocated People. Boulder, Colorado: West· view Press, 1982. xi + 333 pp.US $ 25.00 Cloth. Hania Zlotnik and Silvano M. Tomasi (eds.). International Migration Review: Measuring International Migration: Theory and Practice. Special Issue in cooperation with International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Vol. 21, No.4. Winter 1987. xii + 689 (925-1613) pp.

Émile Benveniste utilise une méthode inductive pour mener son investigation, le point de départ de son travail étant la problématisation des phénomènes linguistiques. Bien que débiteur de l’école structuraliste et des études de grammaire comparée, le linguiste ne s’arrête pas à la description de la structure, il veut ainsi l’expliquer. Dans cet article on va rechercher les formes et la méthodologie d’enquête du savant dans de notes d’un cours de Grammaire comparée donné au Collège de France en 1939.* Les recherches menant aux présents résultats ont bénéficié d’un soutien financier du septième programme-cadre de l’Union européenne (FP7/2007-2013 - MSCA-COFUND) en vertu de la convention de subvention n°245743 – Programme de bourses post-doctorales Braudel- IFER-FMSH, en collaboration avec l’ITEM (ENS-CNRS), Institut des Textes et manuscrits Modernes. Je tiens à remercier Irène Fenoglio pour son aide, sa disponibilité et ses précieux conseils. Cette recherche a bénéficié du meilleur accueil au Département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.

Biological research was a late vocation for François Jacob, who entered the laboratory of André Lwoff at the Institut Pasteur in Paris at the age of 30. Ten years before, in 1940, he had abruptly left France, after the German troops entered Paris, and joined the Free French Forces organized by de Gaulle in London. He served as a medic in battles against the German troops in Africa, and was severely wounded in Normandy in August 1944. He could no longer be a surgeon as he had expected, and his return to a civilian life was difficult. Fifteen years after he entered the Institut Pasteur, in 1965, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with André Lwoff and Jacques Monod, for the discovery of the mechanisms controlling gene expression in bacteria, the operon model. The impact of this discovery was immense and triggered the conversion of molecular biologists to the study of higher organisms and their development. Jacob decided to work on mice, and his characterization of embryonal carcinoma cells and of their differentiation foreshadowed recent studies on embryonic stem cells. His comparison between evolution and the work of a tinkerer was also highly influential. Jacob wrote many books on the history and philosophy of the biological sciences. He was convinced that reflection on these issues was necessary for researchers to defend the value of scientific knowledge. He also continuously fought for an ethical use of scientific knowledge.

Abstract Radiation Therapy Toxicities and Survival Outcomes in Monoallelic ATM Variant Carriers with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Rayan Bensenane1 MD, Arnaud Beddok1,2,3 MD, Nadine Andrieu4 PhD, Fabienne Lesueur4 PhD, Eve Cavaciuti 4 MSc, Dorothee Le Gal4 MSc, Eon-Marchais Severine4 PhD, Dominique Stoppa Lyonnet 5MD PhD, Youlia Kirova1 MD 1. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France. 2. Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 125 Nashua St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA 3. Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Inserm LITO U1288 Orsay, France 4. Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France Abstract (characters: 2952; max 3400 characters, not include spaces) Background: The Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene, involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, can contribute to radiosensitivity when a bi-allelic variant is present and lead to Ataxia-Telangiectasia syndrome. Moreover, monoallelic ATM pathologic variant (PV) carriers, especially women, has an estimated occurrence rate of 0.5-1% globally and face a 2 to 3-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer. Despite evidence of in vitro radiosensitivity in cells derived from monoallelic variant carriers, there is a dearth of patient studies examining the risk of radiation-induced toxicity. This study aims to explore radiation therapy (RT) toxicities in non-metastatic breast cancer women carrying a germline monoallelic ATM variant, compared to non-carriers. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at Institut Curie, Paris from 1999 to 2014 and participating to CoF-AT (a French national study) and GENESIS database. ATM variant screenings encompassed both PV and non-PV, with toxicities evaluated using CTCAE v.5. Variants were classified as pathogenic, variant of unknown significance (VUS), or benign. Follow-up started from age/date at breast cancer to acute, late toxicities, disease recurrence or last news. Survival and toxicity comparisons were made using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Chi-square tests, respectively, with a significance level of α set at 0.05. Results: Among 50 patients, nine were ATM variant carriers (3 PV/5 VUS/1 benign), and 41 were non-carriers. Most patients had no smoking history (68%), and invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant diagnosis (82%). The majority underwent breast-conservative surgery (80%), and the dominant RT techniques were 3D-Conformational Radiation Therapy (70%) and Isocentric Lateral Decubitus (30%). The median RT dose was 50 Gy over an average period of 36.5 days. With a median follow-up of 12 years post-diagnosis, no significant difference in acute dermatitis, esophagitis, lymphedema, cutaneous fibrosis, telangiectasia, or heart disease was observed between the groups. Analysis of overall survival (OS) showed a 5-year OS of 98%, decreasing to 89% at 10 years. For ATM variant carriers, the OS at 5, 10, and 15 years was 100%, 89%, and 89%, respectively, similar to non-carriers. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no significant differences in 5, 10, and 15-year overall survival, progression-free survival, local failure-specific survival, and contralateral breast cancer rates between the groups. Conclusion: In non-metastatic breast cancer patients, monoallelic ATM variant carrier status does not significantly influence acute or late RT toxicities and survival outcomes. These findings, derived from a small cohort, highlight the need for prospective studies for further validation. Table: Acute and Late Toxicities Post-Radiation Therapy in Monoallelic ATM Variant Carriers vs Non-Carriers * Pearson/Chi2 test ; NS: non significant at α=0.05; ATM +/+: wild type for ATM; ATM +/- : ATM monoallelic germline variant carrier Citation Format: Rayan BENSENANE, Youlia Kirova, Arnaud BEDDOK, Andine ANDRIEU, Fabienne Lesueur, Eve CAVACIUTI, Dorothée Le GAL, Severine EON-MARCHAIS, Dominique STOPPA LYONNET. Radiation Therapy Toxicities and Survival Outcomes in Monoallelic ATM Variant Carriers with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-22-05.

Using ArcGIS, this article maps the narrative locations of French cinema's box office successes and César du meilleur film winners against a self-consciously international version of prestige, the French submission for best foreign language film at the Oscars from 1976 (when the Césars began) to 2012. Mapping domestic consumption and prestige against the for-American-consumption vision of prestige and possible box office appeal will identify the settings that are associated with domestic and international locations of Frenchness. Do films that succeed at the box office connect themselves to France's main population centers—Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille—or to less-populated and economically vibrant regions, as with Bienvenue Chez les Ch'tis (2008) in Bergues? To what extent do prestige films seek out marginalized areas in which to set their stories, as in the Paris banlieues of La Haine (1996) or Sète in La Graine et le mullet (2008)? Do the films that France proposes to the Oscar voters address an imagined American preference for one part of France—Paris—over another, or do they turn to other, less globally-integrated locations? Where are the overlaps among these three categories? And where are the empty spaces that neither box office nor prestige address? This article will be a spatial history, drawing on Franco Moretti's ‘distant reading’ approach to groups of films to demonstrate the critical potential for mapping narrative locations as a way to conceive of the multiple nations—in this case France—that cinema imagines for its domestic and international audiences.

Although France stayed away from American and European projects crucially responsible for generating the Ukrainian conflict, she passively supported EU line on Ukraine and turned out to be hostage to its dramatic implications. The new situation in and around Ukraine has devalued the Fifth Republic’s accomplishments in promoting her vision of European and global architecture. Concerned to face forthcoming marginalization, France engaged in active policy initiating the “Normandy format” for peace settlement. However, the room for maneuver appears to be scarce as Paris continues to stick to the EuroAtlantic paradigm with regard to Ukrainian crisis perception.

La France veut, elle aussi, engager un « pivot » stratégique vers l’Asie. Visites et accords se multiplient, après une vision qui privilégiait le bilatéralisme franco-chinois. Mais la présence française dans la région demeure limitée. Au niveau commercial, les parts de marché françaises sont réduites. Et ses choix militaires ne permettent guère à Paris une présence significative. Le pivot ne se précisera qu’avec une conception lisible, et l’affectation de moyens nouveaux.

Abstract Figures like Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and former French National Front leader Marion Maréchal are seeking to establish what we call a new globalist illiberal order. The globalist illiberal agenda extends elements of the globalist project while reclaiming a radicalized view of Christian democracy. Europe's far-right views the global order as composed of strong nations who need to defend their sovereignty on ‘cultural’ issues while protecting their common Christian roots. We trace their project by focusing on two new institutions of higher education, Hungary's National University of Public Service Ludovika (Ludovika-UPS) and the Institut de sciences sociales, économiques et politiques (Institute of Social Sciences, Economics and Politics—ISSEP), based in France and Spain. Through these institutions, globalist illiberals aim to cultivate new leaders outside the liberal ‘mainstream’ and redefine the meaning of Christian democracy. We conclude that surging nationalism among mid- to small powers is not resulting in deglobalization but is fostering illiberal globalization, which has no place for those who do not fit in their exclusionary vision of Christian Europe.

Adriana Araneda (1935-2023), a Chilean architect and teacher with a strong commitment to the teaching of architecture, was forced into exile when the military regime was installed in September 1973. What vision of architecture and pedagogy did she bring to the school of architecture in Paris La Villette (UP6)? How did her knowledge and theories travel and adapt in this new context? This article portrays her trajectory and her pedagogical work between France and Chile: from her higher studies and her first approaches to the teaching of architecture, in the faculty of architecture and urbanism of the University of Chile, to her pedagogical developments in Paris, in the French schools of architecture that were then in gestation. Therefore, it attempts to represent his contribution to the pedagogical renewal of architectural education in France, particularly in the field of landscape and the visual arts, with an effervescent and subversive environment as a backdrop.

The name Echinolampas duncani McNamara, 1987 (McNamara, 1987, p. 109-110, fig. 1A-C) was given to a Miocene cassiduloid echinoid species from Australia. J. Roman (Institut de Paléontologie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France) has kindly alerted me to the fact that this name is already occupied by Echinolampas duncani Cotteau, 1891 (Cotteau, 1891, p. 162). Cotteau proposed this name as a replacement for Echinolampas obesa Duncan and Sladen, 1884, which was a junior homonym of Echinolampas obesus Bittner, 1880. The recently described Australian species is therefore a junior homonym of Echinolampas duncani Cotteau, 1891. Consequently a new name, Echinolampas laubei, is proposed as a replacement for Echinolampas duncani McNamara, 1987. It is named after G. C. Laube, in honor of his pioneering work on the Miocene echinoid faunas of Australia.

India’s vision for Atmanirbhar Bharat adopted in 2020 attempts to make the country and its citizens self-reliant in all aspects. India, being the third largest military spender after the US and China, has also worked towards achieving self-reliance in defence production while maintaining a constant push towards ‘Make in India’. The Indian embassy in Paris has reiterated France’s commitment and complete support to India’s vision of self-reliance in areas of defence industrialisation, joint research, and development in India across a broad spectrum of advanced capabilities. The first part of the article examines the historical background of evolving security relationship between India and France, analysing defence and security cooperation as a principal pillar of their Strategic Partnership. The second part of the article attempts to study the impact of France on India’s military modernisation through the transfer of resources and technology, and through co-development and co-production of equipment. It tracks France’s role in assisting India to reduce dependence on Russia for their military hardware requirements, in its path towards indigenous defence production. The concluding part of the article extrapolates the findings onto the future in order to examine the challenges faced by India in its attempt towards military modernisation. It also seeks to examine challenges in the partnership between the two actors and its impact on France’s role in India’s defence modernisation.

Michael Edwards, professor of English literature at the Collège de France in Paris, poet, critic, and the first British subject to be elected to the French Academy, has turned his attention in recent years to biblical literature. In 2016 he published Bible et poésie (Paris, Fallois). A translation of the sequel, Pour un christianisme intempestif (Paris, Fallois), was released in February of 2022 by Fortress Press under the title, Untimely Christianity. In the same year, the English translation of his 2016 volume, under the title The Bible and Poetry, will be published by New York Review Books. This study examines the poet-scholar’s perspective on scripture, on theology, on the art of translation and his opinions of various modern translations of the Bible and highlights the most useful insights he contributes. The notion of Christianity’s radical alterity is an important key to Edwards’s work. Christianity is foreign to us, it is strange, so the scriptures that reveal it are also radically other. We Christians have been so desensitized to that otherness by our familiarity with the text that we seldom are challenged by it with the force that energized it originally. Its immense countercultural potential for transforming us and our world is blunted so that we don’t truly hear the voice of God in it. Edwards’s essential purpose is to help us reawaken our ability to hear the Bible in its untimely, countercultural power.