Academic literature on the topic 'Instalment price'

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Journal articles on the topic "Instalment price"

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Sultana, Shirin, Abu Hashan Md Mashud, Yosef Daryanto, Sujan Miah, Adel Alrasheedi, and Ibrahim M. Hezam. "The Role of the Discount Policy of Prepayment on Environmentally Friendly Inventory Management." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6010026.

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Nowadays, more and more consumers consider environmentally friendly products in their purchasing decisions. Companies need to adapt to these changes while paying attention to standard business systems such as payment terms. The purpose of this study is to optimize the entire profit function of a retailer and to find the optimal selling price and replenishment cycle when the demand rate depends on the price and carbon emission reduction level. This study investigates an economic order quantity model that has a demand function with a positive impact of carbon emission reduction besides the selling price. In this model, the supplier requests payment in advance on the purchased cost while offering a discount according to the payment in the advanced decision. Three different types of payment-in-advance cases are applied: (1) payment in advance with equal numbers of instalments, (2) payment in advance with a single instalment, and (3) the absence of payment in advance. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis illustrate the proposed model. Here, the total profit increases for all three cases with higher values of carbon emission reduction level. Further, the study finds that the profit becomes maximum for case 2, whereas the selling price and cycle length become minimum. This study considers the sustainable inventory model with payment-in-advance settings when the demand rate depends on the price and carbon emission reduction level. From the literature review, no researcher has undergone this kind of study in the authors’ knowledge.
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Böhler, Elisabeth. "BGH, Urteil vom 22.12.1999 — Zur “Ablieferung” der Kaufsache beim Kauf von Standard-Software." European Review of Private Law 10, Issue 5 (October 1, 2002): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/5103430.

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Delivery of the goods in a sale of standard software. The decision of the German Federal Supreme Court was based on the following set of facts: On 15.7.1991the claimant delivered a payroll programme that it had developed to the defendant for a price of 200,000 DM (= ca. 100,000 euro), payable in four instalments. The programme was first capable of being called up on the defendant's data processing equipment in August 1991 and, after debugging by the claimant, the programme was capable of running in a limited way on the defendant's equipment from 22 October 1991. In the meantime the defendant paid the claimant the first instalment. In a letter of 11 December 1991 the defendant complained about further bugs in the programme and sought their correction. The claimant brought proceedings for the payment of the remainder of the sale price in an amount of ca. 150,000, — euro plus interest. The defendant claimed rescission of the contract and in a counterclaim sought restitution of the first instalment, plus interest, and the return of the payroll programme. The Landgericht found for the claimant and rejected the counterclaim. Appeals to the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court were fruitless. The Supreme Court explained in its decision that §§ 433, 359 ff BGB and § 377 HGB were to be applied, at least by analogy. As in other sale cases, in the case of a sale of standard software the goods were “delivered”, in the absence of agreement to the contrary, when they were placed by the seller — with the intention of performing the contract — within the sphere of power of the purchaser in such a way that the latter could examine them for the existence of faults. In the absence of any appropriate legal ground, for which there was also no sufficient need, and contrary to other opinions expressed in the legal literature on the question of “delivery”, the matter was not to be assessed by reference to whether a largely trouble-free trial run of the programme had been carried out, nor was it decisive whether the software had appeared to be bug free in a detailed test phase carried out while it was still with the claimant. Thus the software was delivered on 15 July 1991. The fact that some online-help functions were still unavailable did not affect this conclusion, since their absence influenced the usability of the programme and made the software faulty. At the end of the debugging process it was agreed between the parties on 22 October 1991 that the programme was — even though to a limited extent — capable of running and it was up to the defendant, according to § 377 HGB to check the goods again and to complain about faults without delay. Its complaints of 11 December 1991 did not however satisfy this requirement. The following author examines the judgment from the point of view of Austrian law.
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Chirica, Simona. "‘Green’ obligations regarding new constructions and their impact on the real-estate market." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 13, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2019-0049.

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Abstract The fight for reducing green gas emissions and energy dependency requires the application of additional obligations for new constructions. From this perspective, starting from the 31st of December 2020 building permits for new constructions in the private sector shall be issued only if their energy consume is close to zero. Additionally, the recovery level of non-dangerous waste resulting from construction and demolition activities must reach until the 31st of December 2020 a percentage of minimum 70%. Also, with respect to residential and non-residential buildings, new and also buildings undergoing major renovation, the real-estate developers must take into consideration the obligations regarding the instalment of electrical recharging points for electrical vehicles. These additional obligations will have a direct impact upon the construction price and will certainly influence the real-estate market.
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Budiharseno, Rianmahardhika Sahid. "Determining Factors on the Repurchase Decision on Low End Smartphones in Asia Pacific Regions: An Indonesian Case." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0106.

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Nowadays, consumers are more aware regarding their decision to purchase a product, either for short-term or long-term use. There are several factors that lead the desire to repurchase in consumer perspective. This study tried to investigate the factors of price, experiential value, brand name, e-WOM, perceived value and perceived brand image as some variables deemed to have significant influences on the consumer repurchase behavior. This analysis uses quantitative analysis through AMOS analysis within 310 datasets to execute the hypothesis. The results of this research are defined that the price discount did not affect both on perceived brand image and value. The hypotheses testing showed that experiential value, brand name, e-WOM, perceived value and perceived brand image have significant effects on the consumer repurchase behavior. The practical implications posed that the growth of micro-financial companies which provided low down payment and long instalment without any discount offered are well accepted by consumer. The results of this study can be used as a direction for further study. Received: 4 March 2021 / Accepted: 6 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Saad-Filho, Alfredo, and Ben Fine. "Twixt Ricardo and Rubin: Debating Kincaid Once More." Historical Materialism 17, no. 3 (2009): 192–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146544609x12469428108628.

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AbstractOur final instalment in the debate with Jim Kincaid argues that his value-analysis suffers from weaknesses associated with both Ricardian and Rubinesque (mis-)interpretations of Marx. These approaches are methodologically flawed, because value-theory does not draw upon externally imposed theories or standards of logic or evidence to check the conceptual or empirical validity of its approach to the understanding of capitalism. Rather, Marxian value-theory involves reconstructing in thought the class-based production-processes underpinning capitalism through to their more complex and concrete consequences in the broader economic and social structures, agencies and processes, through which they are formed, albeit with definite effects of their own. Examination of the methodological shortcomings in Kincaid's analysis is followed by specific rebuttals of his claims about the (qualitative and quantitative) determination of value and price, the circulation of capital, the role of competition, fixed capital, productive labour and the leverage of value-theory in informing empirical studies.
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Kaur, Gurpreet, and Arunava Majumder. "A Comparative study and efficiency analysis between Sanchez and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods in a multi-criteria decision-making problem for energy plant instalment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2267, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2267/1/012082.

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Abstract Energy power is highly needed to deal with modern human lifestyle. Therefore, choosing a proper energy resource is a vital activity to satisfy the regular demand of energy along with the consideration of environmental and social impact of it. This paper proposed a methodological analysis for the determination and installation of energy plant in a particular location under the conditions to fulfill the demand and to maintain socio-economic sustainability. Since, there are several energy resources available, including renewable and non-renewable resources, it is very necessary to choose appropriate resource to be used for energy plant installation for a particular location. The choice of location depends on many factors like price, availability of resources etc. This study examines the priority of factors for a specified area and develops a process to select the most suitable energy resources. Multiple locations are considered for the study. For each location, the most appropriate energy production plant is determined under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Moreover, this paper applies two different approaches for location selection as Sanchez approach and fuzzy TOPSIS. The methods are described with numerical data. The results are graphically analyzed and are compared between the two approaches. The study concluded that the TOPSIS is useful to obtain more accurate approximation than the Sanchez approach but with long computational approach. On the other hand, Sanchez can obtain results with lower computational steps.
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Lowe, Vaughan, and Robin Churchill. "The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2001." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 17, no. 4 (2002): 463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180802x00189.

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BEATON, J., and G. TOLHURST. "DEBT, DAMAGES AND RESTITUTION." Cambridge Law Journal 57, no. 2 (July 1998): 235–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197398280019.

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StoczniaGdanska SA v. Latvian Shipping Co. [1998] 1 W. L. R. 574 concerned six contracts to “design, build, complete and deliver” six ships. The buyers were to pay 20 per cent. of the price after receiving notice that the keel had been laid. The contract gave the seller the right to terminate if payments were not made and to retain any instalments paid and, if it terminated, to sell the vessel whether completed or not. Keels were laid for vessels 1 and 2 but the buyers failed to pay and the seller terminated. It then renumbered the keels, gave notice for payment under the third and fourth contracts, terminated those contracts when payment was not forthcoming, and renumbered the keels again and gave notice for payment under the fifth and sixth contracts. It then exercised its right of sale, appropriating the keels to a contract with a third party. As well as damages, the seller claimed the 20 per cent. instalments under all six contracts.
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Balsom, Erika. "John Smith’s Covid Messages." Moving Image Review & Art Journal (MIRAJ) 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/miraj_00045_1.

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Since May 2020, John Smith has been at work on an episodic series called Covid Messages, made from repurposed footage of press conferences in which Prime Minister Boris Johnson briefs the public on the status of the pandemic. Through six darkly funny instalments, the artist plays with the press conference as a site of ‘coded messages’, assailing the vacancy of political speech and the grotesque manoeuvres of the Conservative government with his characteristic wit. The following conversation took place online on 17 December 2020.
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Taylor, J. C., and A. W. Wolfendale. "John Harrison: clockmaker and Copley Medalist. A public memorial at last." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 61, no. 1 (January 2, 2007): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2006.0164.

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The story of John Harrison, the clockmaker who effectively solved the ‘longitude problem’ in the eighteenth century, is a fascinating one. Here was a brilliant inventor who single-handedly took on the might of the astronomical fraternity and turned down Fellowship of the Royal Society, yet accepted its highest accolade—the Copley Medal—and had to enlist the help of King George III in pursuit of the final instalment of the Longitude Prize. This paper deals with the inventiveness of Harrison and the role of the Royal Society in the story and the very recent successful efforts to have his name remembered in perpetuity in Britain by a memorial in Westminster Abbey.
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Books on the topic "Instalment price"

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Blyth, Michael. In the Mouth of Madness. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325406.001.0001.

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Somewhat overlooked upon its initial release in 1995, John Carpenter's In the Mouth of Madness has since developed a healthy cult reputation. But far more than simply a fan favourite, this closing instalment of the acclaimed director's self-described “apocalypse trilogy” (following The Thing and Prince Of Darkness) stands today as one of his most thematically complex and stylistically audacious pieces of work. The story of an insurance investigator drawn into the supposedly fictional universe of a best-selling horror novelist, the film is an extension of many recurring themes found in Carpenter's filmography (the end of the world, the loss of free will, a distrust of mass industry and global corporations, the cataclysmic resurgence of ancient evil), as well as an affectionate homage to the works of H. P. Lovecraft (and horror literature more broadly) and a self-reflexive celebration of the horror genre that predates the Scream-inspired postmodernist boom of late-nineties genre cinema. While numerous books and countless academic essays have been written about Carpenter's work, surprisingly little has focused exclusively on In the Mouth of Madness, a film which feels more prescient, more essential, and more daringly complex than ever. This book seeks to redress this imbalance, at last positioning this overlooked masterpiece as essential Carpenter.
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Book chapters on the topic "Instalment price"

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Pryce, Huw. "Cultural Revival and Romantic History." In Writing Welsh History, 239–64. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746034.003.0011.

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This chapter explores what the multiple worlds inhabited by the Anglican clergyman Thomas Price (Carnhuanawc; 1787–1848) reveal about the variety of Welsh history writing, in both Welsh and English, between c.1820 and his death in 1848. The first part assesses the contexts in which this writing was produced, especially developments in print culture and the establishment of new ‘Cambrian societies’ in Wales dedicated to the promotion of the Welsh language and culture, especially through holding eisteddfodau. The second part examines a range of works by authors other than Price. These include J. H. Parry’s collection of biographies, The Cambrian Plutarch, and John Jones’s acerbic The History of Wales, both published in 1824, and a history of Anglesey by the antiquary Angharad Llwyd (1833). The third part assesses the significance of Price’s Hanes Cymru (‘History of Wales’), published in instalments 1836–42. Although conventionally devoting the bulk of his coverage to the origins of the Welsh and their history down to the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1282, Price wrote a longer history of Wales than his predecessors mainly by deploying a wider range both of Welsh-language chronicles and of Welsh poetry and other literary texts than they had done. His work was also notable for its patriotic tone, as Price praised the exceptional achievements of the Welsh, especially their preservation of the Welsh language, and endowed them with European significance by asserting that Wales was the source of European chivalry.
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Baskind, Eric. "8. Delivery, acceptance, and payment." In Commercial Law Concentrate, 111–25. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198840619.003.0008.

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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter focuses on the duty of the seller to deliver the goods, and the duty of the buyer to accept them and to pay the price. It first explains the meanings of delivery, acceptance, and payment as well as the provision in the Sale of Goods Act 1979 in respect of these matters, and then considers the distinction between consumer and business buyers and cases where the wrong quantity of goods has been delivered. The chapter also discusses delivery by instalments, delivery to a carrier, and the right of the buyer not to return rejected goods.
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Baskind, Eric. "8. Delivery, acceptance, and payment." In Commercial Law Concentrate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198803843.003.0008.

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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, Key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter focuses on the duty of the seller to deliver the goods, and the duty of the buyer to accept them and to pay the price. It first explains the meanings of delivery, acceptance, and payment as well as the provision in the Sale of Goods Act 1979 in respect of these matters, and then considers the distinction between consumer and business buyers and cases where the wrong quantity of goods has been delivered. The chapter also discusses delivery by instalments, delivery to a carrier, and the right of the buyer not to return rejected goods.
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Baskind, Eric. "8. Delivery, acceptance, and payment." In Commercial Law Concentrate, 117–33. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192897206.003.0008.

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Each Concentrate revision guide is packed with essential information, key cases, revision tips, exam Q&As, and more. Concentrates show you what to expect in a law exam, what examiners are looking for, and how to achieve extra marks. This chapter focuses on the duty of the seller to deliver the goods and the duty of the buyer to accept them and to pay the price. It first explains the meanings of delivery, acceptance, and payment as well as the provision in the Sale of Goods Act 1979 in respect of these matters, and then considers the distinction between consumer and business buyers and cases where the wrong quantity of goods has been delivered. The chapter also discusses delivery by instalments, delivery to a carrier, and the right of the buyer not to return rejected goods.
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"first is under an entire performance obligation. An early example of this can be found in the old case of Cutter v Powell, under which a seaman agreed to work a ship from its port of embarkation to its destination and back in return for a fixed sum. In the absence of a doctrine of frustration, it was held that, if the round trip was not completed, for whatever reason, the seaman did not become entitled to payment. In other instances, performance obligations on one side may be subdivided with the result that as each part of the total obligation is completed, the other party comes under an obligation to perform his side of the contract. In these circumstances, the performance obligations are described as severable. Typical examples can be found in construction contracts which provide for payment in stages as the work progresses or instalment contracts for the sale of goods under which the buyer is required to pay separately for each instalment as it is delivered. The importance of the distinction between entire and severable obligations is that there are different rules as to the order of performance and in respect of the matter of defective performance. If the seller is under an entire obligation to deliver goods at a particular time, and he fails to do so, the buyer will not be obliged to pay the price. Conversely, if there is a severable instalment contract for the sale of goods and the seller fails to deliver one instalment out of ten, the seller may be able to claim payment for those parts of the work correctly performed. Generally, sale of goods contracts consist of entire obligations. If the seller delivers less or more than the quantity of goods contracted for, the buyer is entitled to reject the entire consignment, subject to minor deviations in which case the court has a discretion in non-consumer transactions to refuse to allow rejection if this remedy can be regarded as unreasonable: Sale of Goods Act 1979." In Sourcebook on Contract Law, 513–14. Routledge-Cavendish, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843141518-209.

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"agreement to sell land for £500,000, the price to be paid in three instalments of £250,000, £125,000 and £125,000. It was further agreed that a proportionate part of the land would be released at each payment date. The parties had made no provision for allocation of the proportionate parts, with the result that the contract was held to be void for uncertainty. In these circumstances, no actual benefit, apart from a mere expectation, would have been conferred on either party; therefore, there was no urgent need to look for an implied solution. EXPRESS TERMS." In Sourcebook on Contract Law, 277. Routledge-Cavendish, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843141518-110.

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"The approach adopted here appears to be reasonable at first glance. However, quite apart from the specific difficulties it causes in relation to contracts made via standard forms, there are, on closer examination, some difficulties with the basic approach. It appears to envisage that all contractual negotiations are ‘cut and dried’, so that each party in turn stakes out their position and (normally) wholly rejects the position of the other (if they do not unconditionally accept it). The reality of most negotiations is, of course, very different – an offeree may wish to accept the basic proposal of another whilst introducing modifications, say, as to time of delivery, or payment by instalments. The rigidity of the basic model adopted by English law does not readily allow for this, in that any significant modification contained in a proposed acceptance will be seen as a counter-offer (to be valid, an acceptance must be unconditional) and as a rejection of the original offer. The law does not seem to provide for ‘in principle’ acceptances or commitments. One slight qualification to the above is that a mere enquiry will not be viewed as a counter-offer – an offeree can request information about the offer without rejecting it (although without some subsequent unconditional acceptance, there will equally be no contract and the offer may eventually lapse or be revoked). The point is demonstrated well in the case of Stevenson, Jacques and Co v McLean. The defendant, being possessed of warrants for iron, wrote from London to the plaintiff at Middlesborough, asking whether they could get him an offer for the warrants. Further correspondence ensued and, ultimately, the defendant wrote to the plaintiff fixing 40 s per ton net cash as the lowest price at which he could sell, stating that he would hold the offer open till the following Monday. The plaintiff, on Monday morning at 9.42 am, telegraphed to the defendant: ‘Please wire whether you would accept 40 for delivery over two months or, if not, longest limit you could give.’ The defendant sent no answer to this telegram and, after its receipt on the same day, he sold the warrants and, at 1.25 pm, telegraphed to plaintiff that he had done so. Before the arrival of his telegram to that effect, the plaintiff, having at 1 pm found a purchaser for the iron, sent a telegram at 1.34 pm to the defendant, stating that they had secured his price. The defendant refused to deliver the iron and the plaintiff brought an action against him for non-delivery. Lush J, at first instance, found that a binding contract had come into being at 1.34 pm: Stevenson, Jacques and Co v McLean (1880) 5 QB 346, p 349." In Sourcebook on Contract Law, 99–100. Routledge-Cavendish, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843141518-30.

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Reports on the topic "Instalment price"

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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti, and Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.

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• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefore, it cannot be employed as an alternative financing for RE projects in Indonesia. • Three types of CF that can be employed as an alternative for RE project funding in Indonesia. Namely, securities, reward, and donation-based CF. In addition, hybrid models such as securities-reward and reward-donation could also be explored according to the project profitability. • Several benefits offer by securities crowdfunding (SCF) compared to conventional banking and P2P lending, as follows: (1) issuer do not need to pledge assets as collateral; (2) do not require to pay instalment each month; (3) issuer share risks with investors with no obligation to cover the investor’s loss; (4) applicable for micro, small, medium, enterprises (MSMEs) with no complex requirements; and (5) there is possibility to attract investors with bring specific value. • Several challenges that need to be tackled such as the uncertainty of RE regulations; (1) issuer’s inability in managing the system and business; (2) the absence of third parties in bridging between CF platform and potential issuer from RE project owner; (3) the lack of financial literacy of the potential funders; and (4) lastly the inadequacy of study regarding potential funders in escalating the RE utilisation in Indonesia.
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