Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Installations à risque majeur'
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Grembo, Nicolas. "Risque industriel et représentation des risques : approche géographique de la représentation du risque industriel majeur en région Poitou-Charentes." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573845.
Tannous, Scarlett. "An integrated framework to assess the “effectiveness” of risk-related public policies for high-risk chemical and petrochemical sites : A comparative study in France and Australia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. https://basepub.dauphine.fr/discover?query=%222023UPSLD034%22.
High-risk industrial sites (e.g., Seveso Upper Tier (UT) and Major Hazard Facilities (MHF)) are classified by legislation and regulations as the most dangerous sites. In other words, in case of a major accident, damage can be significant even if it is supposed to occur rarely. Risk prevention and crisis management policies are one way to prevent that while sustaining the economic vitality of the industrial sector. These trade-offs constitute a major challenge for governments and public actors, who have a primary role in protecting their citizens and improving their social well-being by taking political decisions and developing “effective” risk prevention and crisis management policies.How can we assess such policy “effectiveness” and what does it mean? Ultimately, a risk policy must reduce risks and prevent major accidents (e.g., efficacy), but what other aspects condition such performativity? Some answers to these multidisciplinary questions can be found in public administration, management and decision sciences, risk, safety, and regulatory research areas. Under the public policy dimension, studies emphasize gaps related to (i) the role of effective risk governance and (ii) the central role of inspection, oversight, or monitoring performance, which is often overlooked despite its importance. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, to answer with a bottom-up approach the following research question: How can the “risk policy system” around high-risk sites be assessed for an effective decision process taking into consideration the territorial levels such as the Regional level for France and the State level for Australia?Based on qualitative approaches, this thesis aims to propose a multicriteria assessment framework serving conceptual thinking and problem framing for risk policy assessment. It suggests embracing the complexity of a system that combines (i) an organizational and governance system, (ii) a regulatory or normative system, and (iii) a system of practical tools/instruments. The assessment framework is also tested through two qualitative case studies in the Normandy Region (France) and the State of Victoria (Australia), which are both areas where a significant number of high-risk facilities exist.Main contributions include (i) an assessment framework of more than ten criteria coupled with practical questions adapted to the contexts of high-risk industrial sites. They include conditions for legitimacy and validity such as efficacy, transparency, adequacy, and so on; and (ii) two in-depth descriptive assessments of the Normand and Victorian risk policy systems allow us to deduce some main variabilities in their system’s effectiveness. Some limitations appear to concern generalization, scoping, and representativity aspects. Future work encourages testing this framework on other cases, exploring the groups of facilities at the legislative and regulatory boundaries, examining the inter-relationships and dependencies between criteria, and exploring the aggregation methods that can serve the formalization of this framework
Fulleringer, Daniel. "Incertitude du risque industriel majeur." Chambéry, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CHAMS032.
Maréchal, Jean-Paul. "La gestion économique du risque environnemental majeur." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010038.
The last thirty years have seen the risk of pollution increasingly take the form of major technological accidents and micropollutions. It is this new kind of risk that we call "major environmental risk". The aim of this thesis is to determine how this new risk can be submitted to economic management. After having demonstrated that the major environmental risk is a non-probabilisable risk due to an inmeasurable probability of occurrence and unpredictable real maximum consequences - a situation of uncertainty according to f. H. Knight's defini- tion - with the notions of responsibility liability and general interest being chal- lenged, the author proposes a double economic management of the major environmental risk. First, a "downstream management" based ont he "economy of conventions" consist- ing of a four level insurance system. Second, an "upstream management" which, given the limits of the neoclassical theory in general and the decision theory in particular, requires the conceptualiza- tion of an "open economy" whereby the means of intervention is the "normative manage- ment under constraint"
BOIDIN, ROBERTO. "Le risque technologique majeur dans le douaisis." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M093.
Natowicz, Irène. "Le risque technologique majeur et l'économie de l'assurance : une application à l'industrie chimique." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21015.
Chemical industry experienced technological risk evolution and insurance responded to this changes. But, this responses are nowadays inadequate because of the specificity of uncertainty and complexite. The approach that consist to lead insurers to take charge chemical risks and environmental damages, via objective responsability, has something in common with the internalization of exterla effects principle : it is analysed in the coase theorem perspective. This evolution is considered as a venture, both from social point of view than from economic point of view. Thesis demonstrates that liberal theory or state theory can't be used to analyze insurance activity. The insurance economy is then studied in the perspective of services economy because it accepte fundamental uncertainty. The environmental insurance l'ability case and chemical risks alow to draw alternative and more complexe forms to take charge risks. Thesis chalenge the insurer's ability alone, to take charge the compensation of environmental damages and chemical risks
Propeck-Zimmermann, Éliane. "Risque technologique majeur : conditions de production et rôle des outils cartographiques dans le processus d'identification et de gestion." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR10013.
Cartography is a fundamental tool for the comprehension of major technological hazards. By comparing the two main methods of determination of hazards zones - the French deterministic and the Dutch probabilistic one - this thesis is highlighting the roll of the map as a medium of the prevention process and management of major technological hazards ; it is also stretching out the relation between scientific objectivity and actors. In order to facilitate the decision making, the constitution of a spatial data base combined with the computer aided cartography is proposed as the first step for the elaboration of new maps, and as a learning process for all the actors involved in the reading of these maps. As a conclusion, the combination of spatial data base and of geographical information system is suggested
Merle, Ivanne. "La fiabilité à l'épreuve du feu : la prévention des risques d'accidents majeurs dans une usine Seveso II." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0070.
This PhD report deals with the topic of major hazard prevention - fires, explosions or toxic emissions - which can have high consequences on people or the environment. From an empirical point of view, the research project is based on a study of a chemical company applying European Seveso II directive and seen by control authorities as a model of safety. The fieldwork had as a purpose first, to understand the reasons of this excellent reputation and secondly to compare this image with facts gathered from observations and interviews. This thesis shows that, if this company demonstrates many features of what researchers from Berkeley consider representative of a “High Reliabilty Organization” (HRO), it also reveals, at the same time, many signs of vulnerability which are generally considered, in the literature and in practice, as “precursors” of an “accident waiting to happen”. These findings question, from a theoretical point of view, the concept of HRO and as a consequence, it is suggested to replace it by the less normative and more realistic concept of NRO, namely of “Normally Reliable Organization”. This shift has a twofold purpose. It expresses primarily the idea that an organization, as reliable and sure as it can be, is never completely protected from an accident, but more importantly, expresses the idea that this under-optimality is partly accepted by the leaders and the employees of these organizations, who do not seek to completely eliminate risks, but to control them effectively to reconcile the objectives of safety and economic performance
Fumey, Marc Lacoste Germain. "Méthode d'évaluation des risques agrégés application au choix des investissements de renouvellement des installations /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000457.
Sauvage, Laure. "Risque technologique majeur et marches fonciers et immobiliers urbains - etude comparee de la france et de la grande-bretagne." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120034.
Is a technological major hazard likely to create depreciation of lands and residences located in its vicinity? this question can be addressed through two main assumptions : first, the policy established in the 1980's by the french ministry of environment in order to restrict uses of lands included into "protection areas" centred on the source of risk, may imply a depreciation of properties concerned. Second, the fact that actors of land and residential markets are more aware of industrial hazard may imply a depreciation of properties associated with this "nuisance" in public opinion. To study these issues, which refer to the problematic of the relationship between industrial hazards and their urban environment, the analysis is performed in three parts : 1) description of juridical and historical context in which industrial major hazard has been taken into account by urban planning. Regulatory texts and documents connected with their preparation are studied for this purpose. 2) presentation of socio-economic grounds for the assumption of a relationship between major hazard and land and residential markets, by studying economic theories on land prices structure, and focusing on the role they assign to the location of the property. 3) case studies carried out on five different sites, including a british one, based on the methodology defined from the two first parts
Letzkus, Pierre. "La gestion des conflits d'objectifs dans la conduite et l'exploitation d'installations nucléaires." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20042.
The goal conflicts constitute classes of situation or behaviors which can be translated, in the human activity, by skirtings or variations with the rules. . . Their consequences can be serious, in particular in nuclear industry. In addition, the analyses of incidents do not make it always possible to integrate complex factors like individual attitudes, organisational or design features which push the operators to take risks to achieve their activity. This research first of all presents indicators which make it possible to go up with the causes of these variations. In the second place, a model of management of the activity illustrates why it is observed that people can adopt strategies or behaviors whose finalities seem to be opposed to the context. For that, it allots to emotional dimension a role of modulator intervening on the cognitive mechanisms managing an operational situation
Armand, Yves. "Etude experimentale et modelisation de la degradation thermique/vaporisation de composes associes au risque d'incendie dans les installations industrielles." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2004.
Fumey, Marc. "Méthode d'évaluation des risques agrégés : application au choix des investissements de renouvellement des installations." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000457/.
Celica-Caracciolo, Carole. "Le risque environnemental : élément détreminant dans la transmission de l'installation classée en procédure collective." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32020.
For some now decades, environmental protection has been appearing in a domain that was never its: Business Law. It first appeared as an answer to industrial nuisances but was never considered as a major decision factor in the business world. Today, this reality has changed due to an increasing ecological collective awareness. Other reasons are less praiseworthy but so important. Environmental protection is become a factor of risk for companies called classified facilities. Thus, it couldn’t be separated from the decisions of the transmission of the economic assets, especially when it’s in a crisis which needs the start of collective proceedings. Once estimated, environmental risk will be categorized into accountable, financial and scientific values. They will influence the collective procedures, defining the participants, which will then become the new environmental protectors. These protectors will have to maintain the rules and ensure all relevant information published on environmental liabilities
Foasso, Cyrille Ramunni Girolamo. "Histoire de la sûreté de l'énergie nucléaire civile en France (1945-2000) technique d'ingénieur, processus d'expertise, question de société /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/foasso_c.
Nguyen, Quoc Bao. "Fiabilité des installations industrielles sous impact de fragments de structures - Effet domino." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551266.
Guiton, Martine. "Ruissellement et risque majeur crue centennale en milieu urbanisé. Etudes de cas : Le Grand-Bornand, Nîmes, Paris et Vaison-La-Romaine." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569131.
Rasse, Gabrielle. "Les plans de prévention des risques technologiques au prisme de la vulnérabilité. Le point de vue du juriste." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363570.
Dequaire-Falconnet, Elodie. "Modélisation de l'activité individuelle et collective dans la perspective d'une prévention des risques des installations, dès la conception : Application au domaine de l'imprimerie." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1368.
Hubert, Emmanuel. "Gouvernance et vulnérabilités du territoire péri-industriel : Méthodologie d'aide à la réflexion pour une maîtrise de l'urbanisation efficace et durable vis-à-vis du risque industriel majeur." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781162.
Blesius, Jean-Christophe. "Vivre avec les industries ? De la maîtrise de l’urbanisation à l’éducation aux risques : cas de Vitry-sur-Seine (France) et de Montréal-Est (Québec)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1005/document.
The major industrial risk is the probability of a fire, a toxic spill or an explosion on a particular location. This type of risk is inherent in some establishments that store, handle, and manufacture hazardous products. The major industrial disaster, which embodies this risk, will have a significant impact on people and their property. Some densely built cities suggest situations of close cohabitation between industrial and other types of buildings (residential, equipment, other activities, etc.). By the analysis of two cases, the City of Vitry-sur-Seine, France and Montréal-Est, Québec, Canada, this research proposes a reflection on the responses implemented to cope with major industrial risks concerning two storage facilities. After a period of a necessary risk identification process, several families of responses can be implemented: reducing the risk at source ; preparation of intervention measures in case of emergency; information transmission; planning practices; emergency action; recovery. By using the expression of "risk territories", these responses indicate that the risk is able to "make do" to the territory. This research will show that, for the same type of risk, the responses may differ on the two investigation sites.This is the case of the urbanization control which aims to create (or recreate), by planning practices, a certain distance away from industries at risk and other types of construction, or more generally to promote conditions for a better coexistence between these two sets. Differences are not due to the geographical factor but rather economic and historical factors. Despite this difference, it appears a common set: a very complex implementation of the urbanization control. Moreover, it seems difficult to not live with the industry. This is also the case of the answer which consists to educate at risk. This response, at first reading, consists in talking about the major risk to young children in schools. Differences are explained by practical factors (lack of time, resources) but also and not least by the thematic of representations. Nevertheless, the implementation of a risk education seems to overcome some issues in order to not be a simple transmission of information. Thus, this research focuses on the development around hazardous industrial establishments, while proposing to extend the discussion on topics related to science education. It allows to question the place acquired to the industries in cities today. Furthermore, it attempts to show that it is better to reflect on solutions that enable a better coexistence between city and industry.KeywordsMajor industrial risk; Risk territories ; Prevention; Control of urbanization ; Risk Culture ; Risk Education
L'Homme, Patrick. "Risques majeurs et droit des sols : les outils juridiques de la protection des personnes et des biens dans les zones soumises à un risque naturel prévisible ou technologique majeur." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU2005.
Wanègue, Mickaël. "Du risque au péril, dialectiques de la protection du vulnérable : la pratique du mandat judiciaire en direction des majeurs protégés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3009.
Subsequent to court decision, authorized representatives (MJPMs) intervene in the lives of vulnerable adults ostensibly to ensure their protection. When contemplating statutory legislation and one-to-one interaction with vulnerable person/s, the central question is: How do MJPMs enact their perceived protection missions? Questions surround both debate and the choices proposed, and the strategies employed by authorized representatives when implementing the requisite protection policies. Professional practice investigates the notion of activity via a combination of ergology and language interaction. Interviews with MJPMs and their managers, and field observation of the interaction between MJPMs and protected adults elucidated the reality of the mission of protection. Priority is given to the human relationship institutionalized through a legal framework and confrontation with vulnerability. MJPM practices are crossed by three axes that have been identified and which intersect each other, i.e., the authority of the judiciary, vulnerability, and the self-autonomy of the protected person according to the legal reform of 5 March 2007. For the MJPM, debate surrounding the perceived norms, together with some main values, starts from this nodal point. The purpose of this study is not only to explicate and emphasize these values, but to underscore their value as training needs for the better fulfillment of the MJPMs’ mission
Foasso, Cyrille. "Histoire de la sûreté de l'énergie nucléaire civile en France (1945-2000) : technique d'ingénieur, processus d'expertise, question de société." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/foasso_c.
This doctoral dissertation relates the history of the mastery of risks in civil nuclear plants in France. Since 1960, it's known as the sûreté nucléaireʺ. Over a fifty-year period separating the discovery or the atomic fission and its industrial application on a large scale this PhD shows which technical means were used over the years by engineers to handle this risk which is said to be huge. It also studies the various processes in expert evaluation and in decision making elaborated to evaluate if the risk was acceptableor not. Beyond the conflicts between nuclear advocates and opponents, this thesis shows how ever among nuclear engineer the growing distinction between roles (promoters, experts and controlling authorities) and the various jobs (designers, builders and plant operators) triggered different estimations as far as the methods to obtain a satisfactory safety. Thanks to the progress of knowledge through research programs, thanks to the lessons drawn from the functioning or dysfunctioning of nuclear plants, thanks to the reinforcement of regulations (which more or less reflects the public's opinion concerning this industry) the safety has progressively improved. Thus, this historical study is multiple: a technical history of technology, a history of scientific, industrial and administrative organization, a social history and finally an international and comparative history since the nuclear energy history quickly developped beyond national boundaries
Ferrario, Elisa. "System-of-systems modeling and simulation for the risk analysis of industrial installations and critical infrastructures." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0046/document.
This thesis propounds and develops a system-of-systems (SoS) framework for the risk analysis of industrial installations and critical infrastructures. System representation, modeling and simulation methods are developed to capture the peculiar features of SoS, with respect to their vulnerability and physical resilience to random failures and natural hazards. Several representation techniques of literature, i.e., Fault Tree, Muir Web, Hierarchical Modeling, Goal Tree Success Tree – Dynamic Master Logic Diagram, are explored and originally extended/tailored to fit the purpose of SoS analysis. One representation method is developed ex-novo, namely the Hierarchical Graph. Within these representation frameworks, binary and multiple states are used to model the performances of the SoS under analysis. Monte Carlo simulation and interval analysis are combined for the quantitative evaluation of the SoS models in presence of uncertainty (due to both randomness and lack of knowledge). Examples of analyses are carried out within two application areas: external event risk assessment and vulnerability of critical infrastructures
Grandazzi, Guillaume. "De Tchernobyl à la Hague : la vie quotidienne entre expérience de la catastrophe et épreuve de l’incertitude." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1411.
Bénard, Victoire. "Étude Multi-Échelles de Profils de Patients avec Risque de Suicide." Thesis, Lille 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL2S010.
In the current scientific literature, the studies have been highlighted by a transdiagnostic approach, implementation of clinical, biological and genetic factors, suicidal behavior independent of a diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in Axis I or II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Mental Disorders (DSM) (1-3). In addition, the endurance of psychiatric disorder is not discriminating to define certain types of profiles of patients at risk of suicide (4-6). In fact, suicide can affect both people in crisis but it is widely recognized that psychiatric pathologies remain at high risk of suicide, including mood disorders such as bipolar disorder and unipolar depression, and especially with psychotics (7,8). In addition, specific suicide risk factors were found in these different populations (9,10). Thus, with this modern conception of suicide, it seems relevant to study suicidal risk in various suicidal populations, with or without psychiatric problems, and using an epidemiological approach, dynamic with actigraphy, and biological (3, 11 , 12).For this, there are several different assessments of vulnerability of suicide in a transdiagnostic and targeted way in the problems of the united and bi-polar moods
Colmellere, Cynthia. "Quand les concepteurs anticipent l'organisation pour maîtriser les risques : deux projets de modifications d'installations sur deux sites classés Seveso 2." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1741.
Research on the reliability of high-risk systems shows that there are failures in organization which arise from the difficulties that engineers and technicians have in conceiving organization in relation to the technology used. This thesis treats the design process as a social, contingent and contextual construction. An analysis of the contribution of actors engaged in the modification of high-risk chemical installations shows that their anticipation of the organization in relation to the technical systems is partial. The social and dynamical perspective adopted reveals the strengths and weaknesses of organization and design practices in order to take account of the major professional risks. Moreover it questions the human and socio-economic costs of design in highly regulated industries where demands of profitability and competitiveness are additional to the requirements for risk management
Bouzaïene-Marle, Leïla. "AVISE, anticipation du vieillisssement par interrogation et simulation d'experts : application à un matériel passif d'une centrale nucléaire : le pressuriseur." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271619.
Tena-Chollet, Florian. "Elaboration d'un environnement semi-virtuel de formation à la gestion stratégique de crise, basé sur la simulation multi-agents." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00741941.
Edward, Lydie. "Modélisation décisionnelle de personnages virtuels autonomes évoluant dans un environnement virtuel pour la prévention des risques sur les sites SEVESO." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1942.
Our research deals with the design of a training system to support decision-making in the preparation and the management of maintenance interventions in high-risk industries namely SEVESO sites. The proposed system incorporates virtual reality and artificial intelligence to simulate virtual autonomous characters and their cognitive processes in dangerous working situations. It generates behaviour-based errors to support learning and risk prevention. It uses new mechanisms taking into account human factors with respect to cognitive modelling of human behaviour regarding risky situations. In the simulated environment the trainee can visualize the risks incurred during his work with the virtual agents. The emergent risks depend on the cognitive characteristics of the virtual operators and on the expertise of the trainee. We propose a multi-agent system to support the control of virtual operators represented by virtual cognitive agents. The difference with a classic MAS is that our cognitive agents are enriched with a planner for selecting actions according to goals, the environment and to the personal characteristics of the agents (time pressure, caution, tiredness, hunger)
Alileche, Nassim. "Etude des effets dominos sur une zone industrielle." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0013.
Domino effects or cascading events in the chemical and process industries are recognized as credible accident scenarios since three decades. They are raising a growing concern, as they have the potential to cause catastrophic consequences. Domino effect, as phenomenon, is still a controversial topic when coming to its assessment. There is still a poor agreement on the definition of domino effect and its assessment procedures. A number of different definitions and approaches are proposed in technical standards and in the scientific literature. Therefore, one of this research objectives is to formalize domino effects knowledges in order to comprehend their occurrence mechanisms. Thus, the parameters that should be looked at so as to understand the escalation possibility and in order to identify domino scenarios, were analyzed. The aim is to improve domino effect hazards prevention, through the development of a methodology for the identification and the analysis of domino effects.We developed a method for the analysis of domino accident chain caused by loss of containments. It allow the identification and prioritization of accident propagation paths. The method is user-friendly and help decision making regarding the prevention of cascading events. The final outcomes of the model are given in form of quantitative rankings of equipment involved in domino scenarios, taking into account the effect of meteorological conditions and safety barriers. The rankings give a clear idea of equipment hazard for initiating or continuing cascading events.The methodology is based on a topography of the industrial area of concern, including the characteristics of each unit and accounting for protection and mitigation barriers. It is based on two main stages. The first is the identification of accident propagation paths. For this, the event tree method is used. The possible targets are identified combining the escalation thresholds and vulnerability models (to estimate damage probability). This first stage was implemented using the MATLAB® software and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to enable an easy input procedure and output analysis in Microsoft Excel®.The second stage is the identification of the most dangerous equipment. It consists in prioritizing equipment involved in the propagation paths according to their likelihood to cause/propagate domino effect. The algorithm that performs this phase was coded in VBA.The method was designed so as it can be used without the need to rely on the results of safety reports. However, if such results are available, it is possible to lighten some steps of the method. It revealed easy to apply, this was confirmed through projects and student internships
Gli effetti domino, in cui un primo incidente causa in cascata altri scenari incidentali, sono tragli scenari incidentali più severi che avvengono nell’industria chimica. Nonostante l’attenzioneche anche la normativa dedica a tali scenari, la valutazione dell’effetto domino è un soggettocontroverso. L’analisi della letteratura tecnica e scientifica ha mostrato l’assenza di unadefinizione comune di « effetto domino » e di una semplice procedura per l’identificazione ditali scenari. È per tale motivo che uno degli obiettivi di questo lavoro di ricerca è diformalizzare le conoscenze relative agli effetti domino al fine di meglio comprendere imeccanismi che possono provocarli. A tal proposito sono stati studiati i parametri necessariper determinare la possibilità dell’insorgere di cascate di eventi e per essere in grado diidentificare i possibili scenari incidentali dovuti ad effetto domino. L’obiettivo finale del lavoroè stato di sviluppare un metodo per l’identificazione e l’analisi quantitativa della propagazionedi incidenti primari nell’ambito di scenari dovuti ad effetto domino.E’ stata sviluppata una metodologia generale per l’analisi degli effetti domino causati daperdite di confinamento. Tale metodologia permette l’identificazione e la classificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. Tale metodo facilita inoltre la prevenzione deglieffetti domino, proponendo uno strumento efficace e semplice da utilizzare.I risultati di questo studio sono forniti in forma di una classificazione delle apparecchiaturecoinvolte in scenari dovuti ad effetto domino, tenendo conto degli effetti delle condizionimeteorologiche e delle misure esistenti per la gestione del rischio. Tale classificazione fornisceanche un chiara idea dei pericoli rappresentati dalle singole apparecchiature nel caso diincidenti in cascata, in quanto precisando se la pericolosità delle attrezzature proviene dallaloro capacità di innescare o propagare un reazione a catena.Il metodo è basato su una descrizione topografica del sito studiato, che comprende anche lecaratteristiche di ogni attrezzatura, che tiene conto delle misure di gestione dei rischi e dellebarriere di sicurezza presenti, basato su due fasi principali. La prima è l’identificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. A tale scopo è stato utilizzato un metodo basatoVIsull’albero degli eventi. I potenziali bersagli vengono determinati combinando i valori di sogliaper la propagazione degli eventi ed i modelli di vulnerabilità delle apparecchiature. Questaprima fase è implementata in MATLAB® e Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in modo dafacilitare la gestione dei dati e l’analisi dei risultati in Microsoft Excel®.La seconda fase è l’identificazione delle apparecchiature più pericolose per gli effetti domino.Tale fase consiste nel classificare le apparecchiature coinvolte nei percorsi di propagazione infunzione della loro capacità di causare o propagare un effetto domino. L’algoritmo dedicato inquesta fase è eseguito su VBA.I risultati ottenuti anche nell’applicazione ad un caso di studio hanno evidenziato le potenzialitàdel metodo, che rappresenta un significativo progresso nell’analisi quantitativa dell’effetto domino
Kraushaar, Caroline. "Corrélats neuronaux du circuit des récompenses chez les jeunes à risque parental de troubles de l'humeur." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13972.
This thesis aims to investigate the behavioral and neural reward circuitry, in youths at high parental risk for major depressive and bipolar disorder, in comparison to youths at low parental risk for mood disorders. More specifically, the goal is to identify behavioral and neural markers of the risk to develop a major depressive or a bipolar disorder in order to early detect and prevent these disorders, and ultimately to avoid, or at least delay, their emergence. To do so, we conducted two experiments, presented herein in two empirical articles. In the first article, behavioral and neuronal reward circuitry were investigated in youths at high parental risk for major depressive disorder (i.e, asymptomatic youths which one of the parents is suffering from major depression), youths at high parental risk for bipolar disorder (i.e, asymptomatic youths which one of the parents is suffering from bipolar disorder) and control youths (i.e, asymptomatic youths from mentally healthy parents). Therefore, we used a monetary incentive delay task allowing the assessment of monetary gain and loss anticipation and outcome. Behaviorally, results revealed a better performance in youths at risk for major depressive disorder on trials involving potential losses of various magnitude (0,20$, 1$ or 5$), as well as a better performance in youths at risk for bipolar disorder on trials involving potential null losses (0$). Regarding imaging data, youths at risk for major depressive disorder demonstrated a reduced activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the anticipation of potential monetary losses of various magnitude, while youths at risk for bipolar disorder showed a reduced activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the anticipation of potential null losses. Moreover, youths at risk for major depressive disorder tended to have an increased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex during successful avoidance of monetary losses, while youths at risk for bipolar disorder tended to demonstrate an increased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex during feedback of monetary losses. In the second article, structural integrity of fronto-limbic regions was investigated, through volumetric, cortical thickness and surface area measures. Results have highlighted, in youths at risk for bipolar disorder, an increased volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, compared to both youths at risk for major depressive disorder and controls. Moreover, youths at risk for bipolar disorder showed an increased volume in the posterior cingulate cortex, in comparison to youths at risk for major depressive disorder. Finally, a reduced thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and middle frontal gyrus were observed in youths at risk for bipolar disorder, in comparison to control youths. Taken together, these results demonstrate the existence of behavioral particularities, and neuronal alterations regarding functional and structural data, in youths at high risk for mood disorders, and this, even before the emergence of the first mood symptoms. More specifically, these characteristics might constitute markers of the risk to develop a mood disorder. Consequently, these markers could help to better identify youths who are most at risk to develop a mood disorder, and thus allow the early implementation of adapted preventive strategies to avoid psychopathological developmental trajectories.