Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Instabilité microsatellites'
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Bodo, Sahra. "Induction d'un processus d'instabilité des microsatellites du génome dans des modèles murin et cellulaire : intérêt physiopathologique et clinique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066565/document.
Full textInactivation of the MMR (mismatch repair) system promotes the oncogenic process of microsatellite instability (MSI). During my PhD, I firstly investigated the role of azathioprine (Aza) in the induction of MSI tumors in mice. Epidemiological studies reported a correlation between the occurrence of late MSI cancers in humans and long-term treatment with this immunosuppressant whose cytotoxicity was shown in vitro to be mediated by MMR activity. Using a dose-response study, I observed the occurrence of rare late-onset MSI lymphomas in wild-type mice treated with Aza, but not with ciclosporin (another immunosuppressant used for comparison). These results established in vivo that long-term Aza exposure is a risk factor for the emergence of MSI tumors. Secondly, I was interested in the CMMRD syndrome (constitutional MMR deficiency), a major and rare predisposition to MSI cancers. Since CMMRD patients are carriers of biallelic germline mutations of a MMR gene, diagnosis is based on constitutional genotyping, a method that was found non-contributory when a variant of unknown significance is detected (30% patients). In this context, I developed a complementary approach for the detection of this syndrome in at-risk patients, based on the hypothesis that two functional features of MMR-deficient tumor cells, i.e. the MSI phenotype and the tolerance to genotoxic agents such as Aza, can be demonstrated in non-neoplastic tissues of CMMRD patients. We provided a sensitive and specific method that may constitute a valuable tool when diagnosis of CMMRD could not be confirmed by genetic testing
Micelli, Lupinacci Renato. "Caractérisation anatomo-clinique et phénotypique des adénocarcinomes canalaires du pancréas avec instabilité des microsatellites." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066311/document.
Full textPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major health problem in France and around the world. PDAC is developed mainly from two precursor lesions: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). There are several molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatic oncogenesis. Particularly, we were interested in the MSI (MicroSatellite Instability) which is due to a defective DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) system, which normally functions to recognize and repair erroneous insertions, deletions, and mis-incorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination. The MSI phenotype was first described in the familial cancer condition known as Lynch syndrome (LS), where the MMR genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2 harbor germline mutations. Interest in MSI tumors has recently increased after studies have highlighted the concomitant expression of multiple active immune checkpoint (ICK) markers including PD-1 and PD-L1 and the role of the MSI status to predict clinical benefit from immune checkpoint blockade. A Our results indicate that the MSI phenotype occurs in PDAC with a frequency of 1-2%. Our data showed that IHC using antibodies against the four MMR proteins was more sensitive for the assessment of MSI status than PCR-based methods. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time a statistically significant positive association between MSI and IPMNs in PDAC. MSI PDAC, including IPMN, are unlikely to be sporadic since they display molecular features that are usually observed in LS-related neoplasms. Also, our results highlight that an MSI-driven immunogenic pathway to cancer is active in MSI PDACs but suggest that MSI-driven somatic events may be tissue-specific. We observed a stronger lymphocytic tumor infiltration by activated TCD8 cells in MSI PDAC compared to MSS PDAC and found a positive association between PD-L1 expression and MSI status, suggesting that MSI PDAC could be responsive to ICK blockade therapy
Greene, Malorie. "Étude des conséquences génomiques et fonctionnelles de l'instabilité des microsatellites dans le cancer colorectal." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066592/document.
Full textSince the discovery of a link between mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and cancer, microsatellite instability (MSI) is thought as a process underlying cell transformation and tumour progression and invasion. MSI tumours are a subset of frequent human neoplasms, both inherited and sporadic, associated with several primary locations (colon, stomach, endometrium…). In MMR-deficient cells, MSI generates hundreds of frameshift mutations in genes (MSI Target Genes, MSI-TGs) containing coding microsatellite sequences (e.g. -1/+1 bp, insertions/deletions, i.e. indels). Some of these mutations affect genes with a role in human carcinogenesis and are thus expected to promote the MSI-driven tumorigenic process. During my PhD, I aimed to decipher the role of MSI in colon tumorigenesis. I exploited exome-sequencing data available in my lab that were generated from the analysis of a series of 47 human MSI primary colorectal cancer (CRC). Through biostatistics analysis and mathematical models that we designed to interpret mutation rates in the context of the high background for instability characterizing MSI in CRC, we identified a few microsatellites containing genes coding mutations that were negatively selected in MSI colon tumours (N=13). Under the hypothesis that these events may have a negative impact in colon tumorigenesis, I demonstrated that the silencing of these MSI target genes (siRNA/shRNA) was deleterious for MSI cancer cells using in vitro and in vivo models (impairment of proliferation and/or migration and/or response to chemotherapy and/or tumour growth) (Jonchère*, Marisa*, Greene* et al., submitted)
Borie, Claire. "Instabilité des microsatellites et cancers : recherche et description de ce phénotype tumoral dans les cancers du patient immunodéprimé." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077067.
Full textMSI cancers arise as a consequence of loss of fonction of the DNA Mismatch repair system ("MMR" System). Inactivation of this system results in accumulation of replication errors in the genome of these tumors, in particular in repetitive séquences of the DNA called microsatellites; these tumors are therefore called MSI for " Instable Microsatellite". MSI cancers are inherited diseases associated with familial the colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrom or HNPCC), and represent 15-20 % of sporadic colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancers. Recently, the MSI phenotype was reported in other sporadic cancers. In particular owing to the works realized in our laboratory; this phenotype was described in non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), but only in the NHL arising in an immuno-suppression context ( ID-RL), i. E. HIV-related or after organ transplantation. The objectives of my thesis were in this context: i) to specify the incidence of MSI in the ID-RL and establish the clinical and biological characteristics of these lymphomas compared with the other ID-RL (ID-RL not -MSI); ii) to search for a possible association between MSI and other frequent immuno-supression related tumoral types, e. G. In the squamous cell carcinomas cancers (ID-SCC) and the Kaposi's sarcomas (ID-KS). We established that the MSI phenotype is rarely observed in the ID-RL, representing 2-5 % of HIV-related NHL and approximately 10 % of PTLD. Briefly, MSI PTLD are characterized by their late occurrence after organ transplantation (median > 5 years), rare association with EBV (< 50 %), and frequent T phenotype (50 % of the PTLD T are MSI). MSI is significantly associated in these tumors after Azathioprine (Imurel) treatement. Further, loss of expression of the MMR proteins is heterogeneous in the ID-RL : MLH1, as well MSH2 or MSH6 can be involved. Loss of expression of O6 methyl guanine transferase (MGMT), a repair enzyme whose inactivation helps in selection of MMR deficient clones, was significantly associated with MSI in ID-RL. Finally, ID-RL MSI are characterized by few chromosomal rearangements and frequent mutations of the oncogene BRAF (Borie and al. , Int. J Cancer on 2010). My work involved the study of large series of tumors ID-RL, SCC and KS, to better understand the role of MSI in the oncogenetic process. Interestingly, I contributed to the identification of original clinical and molecular features of ID-RL MSI. Prospectives studies are needed to better define prognostic factors and therapeutic protocols of these tumors as compared with to the other ID-RL. This would be in particular interest, in PTLD-T. Following the example of what has been reported in other tumors, MSI could indeed be a factor to take into account in the treatment of these lymphomas
El-Murr, Nizar. "Étude de l'impact des microARNs sur la carcinogenèse des cancers colorectaux instables sur les séquences répétées microsatellites du génome." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990895.
Full textBoulagnon-Rombi, Camille. "Etude du récepteur d’endocytose LRP1 dans les adénocarcinomes coliques : caractéristiques cliniques, pathologiques et moléculaires associées et valeur pronostique." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMM203/document.
Full textLRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1), a multifunctional endocytic receptor, has recently been identified as a hub in a biomarker network for multi-cancer clinical outcome prediction. Its role in côlon cancer has not been characterized. Here, we investigate the relationship between LRP1 and colon cancer.LRP1 mRNA expression was determined in colon adenocarcinoma and paired colon mucosa samples, and in stromal and tumoral cells obtained after laser capture microdissection. The clinical potential was further investigated by immunohistochemistry in a population-based colon cancer series (n = 307). LRP1 methylation, mutation and miR-205 expression were evaluated and compared to LRP1 expression levels.LRP1 mRNA levels are significantly decreased in colon adenocarcinoma cells compared to colon mucosa and stromal cells. Low LRP1 immunohistochemical expression in adenocarcinomas was associated with higher age, right-sided tumor, loss of CDX2 expression, Annexin A10 expression, CIMP-H, MSI-H and BRAFV600E mutation. Low LRP1 expression correlates with poor clinical outcome, especially in stage IV patients. LRP1 expression was downregulated by LRP1 mutation. LRP1 expression was slightly modified by miR-205 expression. LRP1 promoter was never methylated.Loss of LRP1 expression is associated with peculiar clinocopathological and molecular characteristics and with worse colon cancer outcomes
Chalastanis, Alexandra. "Etude des facteurs associés à l'instabilité des microsatellites dans l'initiation et la progression des tumeurs déficientes dans le système de réparation des mésappariements de bases de l'ADN." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066580.
Full textViguier, Jérôme. "Identification de facteurs moléculaires prédictifs de la chimiosensibilité des cancers colorectaux." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066324.
Full textMiquel, Catherine. "Caractérisation des mutations des gènes cibles de l' instabilité des séquences répétées microsatellites dans les cancers colorectaux humains." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066336.
Full textMajed, Zeina. "Elaboration d'un nouveau modèle pour la caractérisation de nouveaux gènes impliqués dans la stabilité des sites fragiles." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T022.
Full textCommon fragile sites are chomosomal regions involved in recurrent breaks, which are "expressed" under various physiological stresses, most of them are known to disturb DNA replication. A direct link between fragile sites and emergence of various types of chromosomal rearrangement has been established, even in early stages of tumorigenesis. However, only few genes involved in genome stability at fragile sites have been identified. The aim of this study is to identify new genes involved in the expression of fragile sites and to elucidate molecular processes that affect their stability. We established a cell based system on a mismatch repair deficient background. 20 candidate genes were targeted in this study. We examined the incidence of frameshift mutations in 32 mononucleotide repeats of these genes. 17 frameshift mutations were found. We demonstrate that frameshift mutations affecting coding mononucleotide repeat of ATR, inactivate one of the two alleles leading to formation of breaks at fragile sites. This collection of clones gives us a unique cellular model to study precisely the maintenance of genome stability at fragile sites. Furthermore, we have investigated the effects of the deregulation of the expression of MCPH1/BRIT1 on common fragile site stability. MCPH1/BRIT1 acts as a regulator of both the intra-S and G2/M keckpoints. We show that deregulation of the expression of MCPH1/BRIT1 increase H2AX phosphorylation suggesting the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. This leads to formation of breaks at fragile sites. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the MCPH1/BRIT1 in regulating chromosome stability, and in particular, common fragile site
Palassin, Pascale. "Etude du rôle du corégulateur transcriptionnel RIP140 dans le contrôle de l'instabilité microsatellitaire des cancers colorectaux héréditaires." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT054/document.
Full textThe transcriptional coregulator RIP140 is an ubiquitous cofactor playing a major role in the regulation of many physiopathological processes. It can either act as a coactivator or as a corepressor of signaling pathways depending on its recruitment on target genes. It has been shown that RIP140 is a good prognostic marker in sporadic intestinal tumorigenesis. This work focuses on its role in familial colorectal cancers and particularly in relation to the Lynch syndrome (LS). Lynch syndrome is a hereditary cancer predisposition, mostly colorectal, characterized by a defect in the Mismatch Repair (MMR) system, due to a first germline mutation of one gene of this system. Loss of MMR function induces a microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype. However, there are some MSI familial colorectal cancers, where neither germinal nor somatic alteration of one MMR gene is found. They are referred to as Lynch like Syndrome (LLS) and their overall management is identical to that of LS. Murine models and colorectal cell lines, harboring modulations of RIP140 expression, allowed us to demonstrate the positive transcriptional regulation of the MMR genes, MSH2 and MSH6 by RIP140. Functional validation of this regulation was explored by microsatellite instability and sensitivity to various cytotoxic drugs analyses. A positive correlation has been confirmed between RIP140 and MSH2 and MSH6 gene expression in a cohort of 396 patients. Moreover, the transcriptional regulation by RIP140 of a specialized translesional DNA polymerase, the Polκ polymerase, has been investigated. Polκ ensures microsatellite sequences replication. We have demonstrated that RIP140 positively stimulates the expression of the POLK gene in our cell models and which appears correlated with that of RIP140 in human colorectal tumors. Finally, by sequencing different cell lines, we found a frameshift mutation of RIP140, generating a truncated protein with loss of the last two repression domains. High-throughput sequencing allowed us to look for this mutation in patient MSI colorectal tumor samples. This mutation was found in 19% of these tumors, especially LLS (16,2%), where it has been associated with lower overall survival. This mutation affects the antiproliferative and transrepressive properties of RIP140, as well as the positive regulation of the MSH2, MSH6 and POLK gene. Development of a specific antibody for this mutation would be extremely useful in following the expression of this mutated form within tumors and first tests have been already carried out. In conclusion, RIP140 controls expression of major genes involved in genome integrity maintenance and a mutation of this transcriptional coregulator could be responsible for microsatellite instability of some tumors where alterations of MMR genes are not found. Clinical studies on larger cohorts will be necessary to validate its interest as a marker usable in patient management
Vaysse-Zinkhöfer, Wilhelm. "Mécanismes de réparations d’une cassure double-brin et résection au sein d’un microsatellite humain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS477.
Full textMicrosatellites are tandem repeats of a motif between one and nine base pairs. These repeats are found ubiquitously in all organisms and are particularly abundant in eukaryotic organisms. All these repeats are capable of forming secondary structures in vitro and possibly in vivo. Some microsatellites are prone to expansion, leading to many neurodegenerative diseases in humans such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most frequently transmitted neurodegenerative disease. The onset and severity of symptoms are positively correlated with the number of repeats located in the 3'UTR of the DMPK gene. In previous work in the laboratory, a TALE nuclease (TALEN) was developed to introduce a double-strand break into a microsatellite (GTC)n from a DM1 patient. Understanding the mechanisms leading to repeat contraction in yeast is necessary to understand the mechanisms in humans. Thus, experiments were conducted in cells with altered CBD repair systems showing that RAD51, POL32 and DNL4 were not required for CBD repair within microsatellites. Only RAD50 and RAD52 appear to be required, indicating that the cell repairs CBDs in repeated regions by single-strand annealing. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of several genes (MRE11, EXO1, SGS1, DNA2, SAE2, RIF1 and RIF2), involved in the resection and repair of a single CBD within a CTG repeat region, in yeast
Cohen, Romain. "Caractérisation phénotypique et clinique des cancers colorectaux métastatiques avec instabilité des microsatellites Clinical and molecular characterization of hereditary and sporadic metastatic colorectal cancer harbouring microsatellite instability/DNA mismatch repair deficiency Association of primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer with misdiagnosis of microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency status." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS313.
Full textMicrosatellite instability (MSI) is a tumor phenotype linked to somatic or germline inactivating alterations of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MSI is observed in approximately 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) and has recently emerged as a major positive predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICKi) amongst mCRC patients. The objectives of my work was to clinically and molecularly characterize MSI mCRC, to evaluate the accuracy of MSI screening methods and the response to immunotherapy in the context of ICKi clinical trials. Fist, I show that sporadic and inherited MSI mCRC display distinct natural history (Cohen et al., Eur J Cancer 2017). In a second work, I show that MSI testing in routine practice is associated with almost 10% of false positives due to misinterpration of IHC and PCR assays. Moreover, these false-positives are the main cause of mCRC primary resistance to ICKi observed in clinical trials (Cohen*, Hain* et al., JAMA Oncol. 2018). After summarizing the literature concerning MSI, its consequences on CRC and immunotherapy, I present the results of the nosologic and diagnostic works developed during this doctoral thesis. Then I will go on perspectives in the context of MSI cancer
Brouquet, Antoine. "Cancer colorectal : identification des patients avec un syndrome de Lynch; phénotype méthylateur : fréquence, caractéristiques cliniques, pathélogiques et moléculaires." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0005.
Full textThis work focused on two distinct aspects of colorectal cancer (CRC): 1) Improvement of detection of Lynch syndrome, which is the most common form of hereditary CRC (3-4% of CRCs). Two different strategies have been evaluated and compared in a consecutive series of 214 CCR patients. The first approach was based on selection of high-risk patients using clinical criteria or predictive models, the second (molecular approach) used MSI (microsatellite instability) testing in all patients, followed by exclusion of MSI-positive sporadic cases from genetic mutational testing by the application of molecular criteria (BRAF mutation screening, followed by MLH1 promoter methylation analysis in tumors lacking BRAF mutations). This study showed that the first approach misdiagnosed 25% of Lynch patients whereas the molecular approach identified all Lynch patients. 2) CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) in CRC. We defined 3 CIMP subgroups in our CRC series: CIMP-High (22/214) including all sporadic MSI CRCs (4. 7%) (associated with female gender, older age at diagnosis, ascending colon, and BRAF mutation) and 12 microsatellite stable (MSS) CCR (associated with male gender and KRAS or BRAF mutation), CIMP-Intermediate (14/214) including MSS CCR exhibiting frequent KRAS mutation, CIMP-Low/Negative (178/214). All Lynch tumors displayed CIMP-Low/Negative or Intermediate phenotype. Characterize the clinicopathologic and molecular features of CIMP subtypes in CRC is important to understand mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis but also to guide development of epigenetically based diagnostics and treatments
Molist, Romain. "Caractérisation cytogénétique et moléculaire d' un nouveau sous-type de cancers du sein canalaires." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077111.
Full textSvrcek, Magali. "Oncogenèse des cancers colorectaux (CCR) au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI)." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066228.
Full textInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), face an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC develop from a precursor lesion, dysplasia. In contrast to sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, less is known about molecular mechanisms and genetic alterations underlying colorectal carcinogenesis complicating IBD. Moreover, most data in the literature are focused on UC. The aim of this work was to better characterize intestinal neoplasias complicating IBD from a pathological and molecular point of view. We observed similar frequencies of dysplasia adjacent to and distant from CRC in both CD and UC. We showed that the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype, a phenotype due to mismatch repair (MMR) genes defects, was involved in a significant part of these neoplasias. The mechanisms underlying MMR deficiency in the setting of IBD were different from those in sporadic MSI CRC and seemed to be more related to those observed in hereditary MSI CRC. In contrast, the mechanisms of tumoral progression seemed to be similar to those of other MSI tumors. At least, we showed that MGMT (O6 methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) field defect, a repair gene not belonging to the MMR system, may be a crucial initiating step prior to MMR deficiency in the development of MSI CRC arising in different clinical contexts (sporadic, inherited, and IBD-associated CRC)
Gryfe, Robert. "Colorectal cancer microsatellite instability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59033.pdf.
Full textWang, Chen. "Novel software tool for microsatellite instability classification and landscape of microsatellite instability in osteosarcoma." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1554829925088174.
Full textMitmaker, Elliot. "Microsatellite instability in thyroid neoplasia." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101730.
Full textUsing laser capture microdissection, cells from both normal and tumor tissue were individually collected. PCR amplification of the DNA was then performed using six dinucleotide and two mononucleotide microsatellite markers.
Forty benign and malignant thyroid tumors were compared with their adjacent normal thyroid follicular tissue and were analyzed for MSI. 9/14 papillary thyroid carcinomas and 10/16 of follicular thyroid carcinomas demonstrated MSI at >30--40% of loci tested. For benign follicular adenomas, 9/10 demonstrated microsatellite stability or low-frequency MSI.
Microsatellite instability appears to play a role in thyroid pathogenesis as evidenced by the high frequency of MSI in malignant thyroid neoplasms. In addition our study showed a significant difference in MSI frequency between follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas. More importantly, the technique of laser capture microdissection allows for more accurate selection of benign, malignant and normal DNA.
Wei, Tatt Toh. "Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28464.
Full textSangar, Fatiha. "Étude fonctionnelle de SMAP1 : un nouveau gène à la croisée du trafic vésiculaire et de l'oncogenèse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836162.
Full textAissi-Ben, Moussa Sana. "Caractérisation moléculaire des mutations germinales et somatiques associées au syndrome de Lynch en Tunisie." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S001.
Full textTrésallet, Christophe. "Cancer colorectal : implication de gènes du bras long du chromosome 10 dans la progression tumorale : vers une identification optimale des patients avec un syndrome de Lynch." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0012.
Full textThe Lynch syndrome (LS) is due to germline DNA mismatch repair gene mutation (MMR). Tumors from LS patients exhibit microsatellites instability at simple DNA repeat sequences. To establish the most effective and efficient way for the detection of LS patients, we compared two strategies in an unselected series of 214 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer. 1) MSI testing for high-risk patients only, selected by clinical criteria and family history (revised Bethesda guidelines ; predictive models). Our results showed that genotyping only hight-risk patients with a MSI+ tumor failed to identify about 25°/° of patients with LS. In a second study, we investigated the possible role of chromosome 10q losses in colorectal cancer metastasis and our results demonstrate a deletion of PTEN region in 22°/° of cases with a low frequency of mutations of this gene
PINO, MARIA SIMONA. "The Microsatellite instability phenotype in human colorectal carcinoma." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1417.
Full textColorectal cancer is the second to the fourth most common cancer in industrialized countries. Baseline mutation rates are insufficient to account for the multiple mutations that are required for cancer to develop. Genomic instability is now recognized as an essential cellular feature that accompanies the acquisition of these mutations. In colon cancer, at least 3 distinct pathways of genomic instability have been described, the chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability (MSI), and the so-called CpG island methylator phenotype pathways, each with distinctive tumor genotypes and phenotypes. MSI is commonly caused by loss of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system, which normally recognizes and repairs mismatched nucleotides and insertion/deletion loops caused by slippage of DNA polymerase. MSI occurs in hereditary as well as sporadic CRC. In Lynch syndrome, responsible for 2-5% of all CRC cases, a germline mutation in a MMR gene accounts for more than 90% of cases, whereas in 10-15% of sporadic CRCs MSI is due to loss of expression of a MMR gene (most commonly hMLH1) caused by epigenetic silencing. In Lynch syndrome, carcinogenesis proceeds through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Although the number of polyps in Lynch patients appears to be similar to the general population, the polyps are more likely to occur at a younger age, have a predilection for the proximal colon, be larger, display villous features or high-grade dysplasia, and most importantly, grow rapidly and progress to invasive cancer in less than 3 years. As the recognition of Lynch is increasing in the population, many individuals with suspected Lynch now undergo routine colonoscopic screening with polypectomy. In such a scenario, there is no colon cancer tissue available for MSI and IHC testing. In this thesis, we present the results of a study that was undertaken to test the hypothesis that MSI testing and IHC analysis in pre-cancerous colorectal adenomas instead of colorectal cancers may be an alternative approach to screen for Lynch syndrome. MSI analysis, IHC staining for MMR proteins or both detected DNA repair deficiency in 58%, 70%, and 73% of the Lynch-associated adenomas, respectively, and this included adenomas smaller than 5 mm. Thus, in the workup of patients suspected to have a germline MMR gene mutation, it is reasonable to begin with MSI and IHC analyses of adenomas, and our data suggest that IHC testing alone is nearly as sensitive as a combined approach. Positive results can be utilized to direct germline genetic testing. However, a negative MSI or IHC test result in an adenoma should be interpreted cautiously and cannot be used to formally exclude the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome if other clinical features suggest the diagnosis. Nevertheless, this approach would expand the diagnostic testing options in cases with suspected Lynch and increase the opportunities to recognize the syndrome before the development of invasive cancer. The clinical behavior of MSI tumors is distinctive, and the most intriguing and consistently described feature is the enhanced survival benefit that does not appear to be attributable to differences in therapeutic response. The molecular basis for the prognostic advantage due to MSI is not clearly established. The most commonly mutated gene in tumors with MSI is the transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFBR2) gene, which harbors an (A)10 microsatellite that undergoes a frame shift. This mutation leads to a disruption in the TGF-β signaling, which plays a dual role in tumorigenesis: in early stages it mediates tumor-suppressive effects whereas, paradoxically, at later may enhance tumor progression due to its ability to inhibit cell death from growth factor deprivation, suppress immune function, and induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this thesis we provide a potential molecular explanation for the favorable outcome observed in MSI tumors. We show that TGFBR2 mutations, observed in up to 90% of CRCs with MSI, interfere with TGF-β-induced EMT, an important component of cancer progression, and therefore reduce the migratory and invasive capabilities of cancer cells. Tumors with MSI but without TGFBR2 mutations undergo EMT in response to TGF-β1, suggesting that TGFBR2 genotype and not MSI status per se may be the key determinant of the EMT response and ultimately, prognosis. In addition, these findings suggest a rationale for the therapeutic inhibition of TGF-β signaling in MSS colorectal tumors.
MacDonald, Nicola Dawn. "Microsatellite instability and other molecular events in endometrial carcinogenesis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443550.
Full textPhillips, Simon M. "The Influence of Microsatellite Instability on Survival in Colorectal Cancer." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491896.
Full textMartinez, Ramon, Hans-K. Schackert, Jens Plaschke, Gustavo Baretton, Hella Appelt, and Gabriele Schackert. "Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Chromosomal and Microsatellite Instability in Sporadic Glioblastoma multiforme." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133546.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
Burgess, Michael Frans. "Mismatch repair and microsatellite instability in paediatric malignancy and cisplatin resistance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311425.
Full textMartinez, Ramon, Hans-K. Schackert, Jens Plaschke, Gustavo Baretton, Hella Appelt, and Gabriele Schackert. "Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Chromosomal and Microsatellite Instability in Sporadic Glioblastoma multiforme." Karger, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27514.
Full textDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
Lawes, Daniel Alfred. "The role of microsatellite instability in the development of multiple colorectal cancer." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407152.
Full textWright, C. M. "The prognostic significance of microsatellite instability in sporadic stage C colorectal cancer." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28955.
Full textCoggins, Si'Ana Apri. "5-FU Chemotherapy Failure in Some Colorectal Cancer Patients with Microsatellite Instability." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579042.
Full textBokhari, A'Dem. "Etude de la mutation de la chaperonne HSP110 dans les cancers gastro-intestinaux MSI : conséquences fonctionnelles et cliniques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066239/document.
Full textMicrosatellite instability (MSI) results from impaired DNA mismatch repair, being observed in 10-15% of frequent tumors in human, e.g. Colorectal (CRC), Gastric Cancers (GC) and others. In 2011, frequent somatic mutations of the HSP110 chaperone have been reported in MSI CRC by my lab, affecting a T17 intronic DNA repeat located in intron 8. Large (≥ 5 base pairs) bi-allelic somatic deletions of this DNA repeat in tumor DNAs, as observed in about 25% of MSI CRC, lead to complete inactivation of HSP110 by exon 9 skipping and sensitization of tumor cells to chemotherapy. These large deletions are predictive of improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in CRC patients. During my PhD thesis, I further investigated the role of HSP110 in MSI tumors. My results demonstrate that HSP110 mutation leads to cell proliferation decrease through the reduction of STAT3 transcription factor phosphorylation in CRC tumors (Berthenet*, Bokhari*, et al., Oncogene 2016). Furthermore, I showed that HSP110 mutation is also frequently observed in MSI gastric cancer, leading to very similar pathophysiological consequences during tumor progression and improved patient’s survival independently from tumor stage (Cervera*, Lagrange*, Bokhari* et al., submitted). Finally, I worked on an innovative therapeutic approach that consisted in inhibiting the NMD (Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay) system, an ubiquitous process recognizing and degrading mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTC). The inhibition of NMD leads to the expression of deleterious MSI-driven mutant transcripts such as the HSP110DE9, coding for a dominant negative mutant, derived from HSP110 mutation in MSI cancer cells
Neelsen, Kai John. "A novel gene therapy approach for the treatment of tumours with microsatellite instability." kostenfrei kostenfrei, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/view/eth:30442.
Full textHackman, Peter. "HPRT mutational spectra and microsatellite DNA instability in HNPCC and lung cancer patients /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4219-6/.
Full textMillar, Anna L. "Frequency estimation of endometrial cancer associated with microsatellite instability and mismatch repair gene defects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/MQ46045.pdf.
Full textCunningham, Christopher. "Colerectal cancer genetics : a study of chromosome 8p tumour suppressor loci and microsatellite instability." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21177.
Full textThomas, Emily A. "Characterization and Clinical Implications of Microsatellite Instability in Human Adult Mesenchymal and Hematopoietic Stem Cells." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1177506541.
Full textLagrange, Anais. "Mutation de la chaperonne HSP110 et cancers MSI : étude de ses conséquences moléculaires, fonctionelles, physiopathologiques et cliniques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066684/document.
Full textMSI cancers (MicroSatellite Instability) are characterized by widespread instability of DNA repeated sequences, known as microsatellites, due to MMR system (Mismatch Repair) deficiency. Since the detection of this tumor phenotype, most of the oncogenic events reported in these tumors are somatic mutations (1-2 bp insertions or deletions) that affect coding DNA repeats, resulting in frameshifts and inactivation of the corresponding proteins. They accumulate in tumor cells due to positive selection during the MSI-driven tumorigenic process when they promote tumor development by inactivating genes with tumor suppressor-related functions. This work reports the first somatic mutation of a chaperone protein in a cancer so far, i.e. HSP110 (Heat Shock Protein) in MSI colorectal cancer. This mutational event consists in the somatic deletion of the intronic microsatellite, located in the splice acceptor site of HSP110. We demonstrate that it is almost systematic and bi-allelic in these cancers, leading to inactivation of the oncogenic functions of the HSP110 chaperone (pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative impact leading to chemosensitization of tumor cells and tumor growth decrease). Our findings support an unexpected and paradoxical anticancer impact of the microsatellite instability-driven pathway in mismatch repair-deficient colon cancer. From a pathophysiological and clinical point of view, they highlight HSP110 as a putative relevant prognostic marker (improvement of patients’ response to chemotherapy) and therapeutic target. According to these findings, I propose a therapeutic strategy targeting HSP110 and its mutant for personalized medicine of MSI colon cancer patients
Larkin, Kenneth John. "Development of a yeast-based colour assay for monitoring genetic and dietary influences on microsatellite instability." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302203.
Full textAlhilal, Mohammed Ghanim Mehdi. "Development and validation of a next generation sequencing based microsatellite instability assay for routine clinical use." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3559.
Full textVirouleau, Alain. "Apprentissage statistique pour la détection de données aberrantes et application en santé." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX028.
Full textThe problems of outliers detection and robust regression in a high-dimensional setting are fundamental in statistics, and have numerous applications.Following a recent set of works providing methods for simultaneous robust regression and outliers detection,we consider in a first part a model of linear regression with individual intercepts, in a high-dimensional setting.We introduce a new procedure for simultaneous estimation of the linear regression coefficients and intercepts, using two dedicated sorted-l1 convex penalizations, also called SLOPE.We develop a complete theory for this problem: first, we provide sharp upper bounds on the statistical estimation error of both the vector of individual intercepts and regression coefficients.Second, we give an asymptotic control on the False Discovery Rate (FDR) and statistical power for support selection of the individual intercepts.Numerical illustrations, with a comparison to recent alternative approaches, are provided on both simulated and several real-world datasets.Our second part is motivated by a genetic problem. Among some particular DNA sequences called multi-satellites, which are indicators of the development or colorectal cancer tumors, we want to find the sequences that have a much higher (resp. much lower) rate of mutation than expected by biologist experts. This problem leads to a non-linear probabilistic model and thus goes beyond the scope of the first part. In this second part we thus consider some generalized linear models with individual intercepts added to the linear predictor, and explore the statistical properties of a new procedure for simultaneous estimation of the regression coefficients and intercepts, using again the sorted-l1 penalization. We focus in this part only on the low-dimensional case and are again interested in the performance of our procedure in terms of statistical estimation error and FDR
Bergfors, Monica. "Evaluation of Microsatellite Instability Analysis as a Diagnostic Tool to Identify Lynch Syndrome in Endometrial Cancer Patients." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227772.
Full textKanopienė, Daiva. "Clinical relevance of studies on microsatellite instability and DNA mismatch repair system protein expression in endometrial carcinomas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20141209_111951-10166.
Full textMikrosatelitų nestabilumo tyrimai svarbūs vėžio ligos prognozei vertinti bei parenkant individualų gydymą. Darbo tikslas − ištirti mikrosatelitų nestabilumo dažnį, pobūdį ir klaidingai suporuotų nukleotidų DNR pažaidų taisymo sistemos baltymų raišką sergant gimdos kūno vėžiu ir gautus rezultatus susieti su pacienčių klinikinėmis-patologinėmis charakteristikomis bei jų išgyvenamumu. Į stebėsenos perspektyvinį tyrimą buvo įtrauktos 109 pacientės. Darbo uždaviniai: nustatyti mikrosatelitų nestabilumo dažnį ir pobūdį tarp sergančiųjų gimdos kūno vėžiu, panaudojus Promega Corporation (JAV) sukurtus du žymenų rinkinius (anksčiau sukurtą BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-24, MONO-27 ir naująjį BAT-52, BAT-55, BAT-56, BAT-57, BAT-59); palyginti mikrosatelitų nestabilumo dažnį ir pobūdį su pacienčių klinikinėmis-patologinėmis charakteristikomis; ištirti DNR pažaidų taisymo sistemos baltymų (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6) raišką gimdos kūno navikuose, kuriuose nustatytas didelio dažnio mikrosatelitų nestabilumas; įvertinti mikrosatelitų nestabilumo įtaką pacienčių išgyvenamumui. Tyrimų rezultatai parodė, kad mikrosatelitų didelio dažnio nestabilumas dvigubai dažniau nustatytas naudojant naująjį žymenų rinkinį, palyginti su anksčiau sukurtu žymenų rinkiniu. Statistiškai reikšminga sąsaja konstatuota tarp mikrosatelitų didelio dažnio nestabilumo arba jo nebuvimo ir naviko diferenciacijos laipsnio bei invazijos į miometriumą gylio. Sergančiųjų išgyvenamumas nebuvo susijęs su mikrosatelitų nestabilumu. ... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Kaszynski, Richard Hideki. "A quantitative trait locus responsible for inducing B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is a hotspot for microsatellite instability." Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120595.
Full textVaurs-Barrière, Catherine. "Approches de l'oncogenese mammaire liee a brca1 : identification de genes exprimes differentiellement dans un contexte de predisposition hereditaire liee a brca1 et recherche d'une implication potentielle de brca1 dans le phenomene d'instabilite microsatellitaire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF1MM07.
Full textGay, L. J. "APC mutation spectra and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer and their relationship with dietary and other lifestyle factors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599339.
Full textEzzatizadeh, Vahid. "Friedreich ataxia : investigating the relationships between mismatch repair gene expression, FXN gene expression and GAA repeat instability in human and mouse cells and tissues." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7626.
Full textPyatt, Robert E. "Microsatellite instability and large, genomic alterations of DNA mismatch repair genes in the etiology of HNPCC and sporadic tumors /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486572165278995.
Full textLaibe, Sophy. "Analyse génomique intégrée du cancer colique et impact thérapeutique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5088.
Full textColon cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer in France with 40000 new cases diagnosed every year. For thirty years, death-rate has decreased through better therapeutic and screening management, and 40% of CC are diagnosed of stage II. Most of stage II CC do not require chemiotherapy adjuva,t to surgical resection. About 20% of patients with stage II CC relapse within 5 years following the diagnosis. Except microsatelitte instability (MSI) incombination with few hispathologic parameters, the molecular prognosis factors are not well defined and remain a major biological challenge in stage II CC. Our study analyzed the molecular signature of 166 tumors and determined the different expression of seven genes between stage II and stage III CC. KRAS and BRAF mutations were determined on 803 metastatic CC showing an association between V600E BRAF mutation and tumors with microsatellite stability (MSS). This result suggests a negative prognostic impact of BRAF mutation in MSS CC. Finally, the APC gene statut (mutations, LOH, promoter hypermethylation) of 183 stage II CC shows that this gene is probably not involved in the metastatic process. Further developments will consist in applying the next generation sequencing to allow the simultaneous analysis of hundreds target genes. In this way, the treatment will be adapted to each tumor, moving towards personalized medicine