Academic literature on the topic 'Instabilité des répétitions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Instabilité des répétitions"
de Pontual, Laure, Geneviève Gourdon, and Stéphanie Tomé. "Identification de nouveaux facteurs entraînant des contractions CTG.CAG dans la dystrophie myotonique de type 1." médecine/sciences 37 (November 2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2021182.
Full textGÜNDAY-, Rıfat. "Répétition, Transition et Instabilité dans les Descriptions de Robbe-Grillet." International Journal of Languages Education 7.2, no. 7.2 (2019): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ijlet.23372.
Full textRoman, Pascal. "Fantasme d'infanticide et construction du narcissisme primaire ; expression projective au Rorschach et au TAT." Psychologie clinique et projective 2, no. 1 (1996): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/clini.1996.1084.
Full textIyembo Nginda, Rodrigue. "La pensée systémique des transitions appliquée à l’est de la RDC : Un modèle de la résistance a la résilience." Acta Europeana Systemica 9 (July 7, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v9i1.56093.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Instabilité des répétitions"
Foiry, Laurent. "La dystrophie myotonique de Steinert : instabilité des triplets répétés CTG et métabolisme de l'ADN." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05P620.
Full textMyotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) a multisystemic disorder caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the 3’-UTR part of the DMPK gene. The CTG repeat number increases in parental transmissions, which provides a molecular explanation of the anticipation phenomenon commonly observed in DM1 families. The CTG repeat size also increases in tissues which could explain the increasing severity of symptoms in patients during their life. In order to identify the molecular mechanism involved in CTG repeat instability, I crossed the DM1 mouse model of the lab with DNA repair and DNA replication deficient mice (knocked-out for Msh2, Msh3, Msh6, p53, Rad52 and Ligase I). In this thesis, large intergenerational expansions (+300 CTG in one single generation) are described for the first time in a mouse model. Hypothesis about CTG repeat instability mechanisms and various therapeutic approaches are presented in this manuscript
Ribeyre, Cyril. "Instabilité du minisatellite humain CEB1 chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae en absence de Rad27/FEN1 et Pif1." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077193.
Full textGenomes contain numerous unstable tandem repeats sequences. They play functional roles in the cell and are involved in human pathologies. Two main types exist: microsatellites (less than 10 bp motifs) and minisatellites (more than 10 bp motifs). In human one specific class of minisatellites (hypervariables) is highly unstable in germline, although, the mitotic instability is weak. Hypervariable CEB1 minisatellite was previously inserted in S. Cerevisiae and it allowed us to understand the differences between mitotic and meiotic instability. Indeed, mitotic instability is more likely related to replication defects, for example CEB1 is highly unstable in the absence of the highly conserved Rad27/FEN1 protein involved in lagging strand replication,. For the first time we sequenced two human CEB1 alleles (CEB1-1. 8 and CEB1-0. 6). They exhibit a high level of polymorphism between them. The sequencing of 47 CEB1-1. 8 rearrangements obtained in rad27A cells leads to the observation of extremely complex events. Moreover we showed that they occur in a single generation. Finally we demonstrated that rearrangements occur by homologous recombination. We identified another mutant, pif1Δ, which destabilizes CEB1. Pif1 is a 5'-3' DNA helicase involved in negative regulation of telomerase. Concerning CEB1 instability, pift1Δ and rad27A share the same features, but, in contrast with rad27A which destabilizes ail the repeated sequences tested, only CEB1 is unstable in p/f/A. Due to CEB1 atypicai structure (highly G/C rich) Pif1 might play a role during replication of such sequences, maybe by removing the telomerase
Kerrest, Alix. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans les réarrangements de répétitions de trinucléotides chez la levure S. Cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066342.
Full textPontual, Laure de. "Identification de nouveaux facteurs chimiques capables de moduler l'instabilité des répétitions CTG dans la dystrophie myotonique de type 1." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS198.pdf.
Full textMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common dystrophy in adults, with an estimated prevalence of 1:8000 individuals. It is a multisystemic disease characterized by muscle, cardiac, cognitive, and digestive impairments, which contribute to a reduction in both life expectancy and quality of life for patients. DM1 is caused by an abnormal expansion of CTG repeats in the 3'UTR of the DMPK gene. In the general population, the number of repeats is under 35 CTG, whereas in patients, it exceeds 50 CTG and can reach several thousand repeats. As in other diseases caused by repeat expansions, the CTG expansion in DM1 is unstable. The repeat size increases across generations (intergenerational instability) and within tissues during a patient's lifetime (somatic instability). The number of inherited repeats and the level of somatic instability correlate with the age of onset and severity of symptoms. Thus, targeting the mutation itself to stabilize or reduce CTG repeat length is the most promising therapeutic strategy, as it would address all the pathophysiological mechanisms resulting from the mutation.Initially, my thesis work focused on identifying repositioned chemical molecules capable of modulating repeat instability. Screening the 1280 molecules from the Prestwick Chemical Library allowed me to identify 39 candidate molecules that alter the expression of a reporter gene, suggesting they could modulate repeat instability. After directly studying their effect on instability, I excluded four of these molecules that do not modulate repeat expression. I demonstrated that a fifth molecule, clomipramine, can modulate repeat instability in the screening cell model but not in murine and human DM1 fibroblasts.Concurrently, I showed that RGFP966, a selective HDAC3 inhibitor, induced contractions of CTG repeats in murine DM1 fibroblasts with approximately 650 repeats. This effect appears to depend on the dose of RGFP966 or the size of the CTG repeat, as it was not replicated in human DM1 fibroblasts with 350 CTG repeats. An RNA-seq approach in murine cells treated with RGFP966 identified several candidate genes involved in DNA replication as possible modifiers of instability. I also showed a decrease in bidirectional DMPK transcription associated with a probable hypermethylation downstream of the repeats in murine DM1 cells. In conclusion, my data suggest that RGFP966 modulates CTG repeat instability in DM1 through multiple mechanisms, potentially including chromatin structure modification at the DM1 locus and alterations in DNA replication.Overall, my thesis project contributed to the understanding of repeat instability mechanisms and the identification of chemical compounds that modulate instability dynamics. My work also highlighted the limitations of each model used and the complexity of identifying small molecules that alter CTG triplet dynamics in reporter cell models. Additionally, I participated in developing long-read sequencing (with and without amplification) for DM1, providing a rapid and highly informative new tool for the analysis of somatic mosaicism
Goula, Agathi Vasiliki. "Implication des lésions oxydantes et du mécanisme de réparation par excision de base dans la sélectivité tissulaire de l'instabilité somatique des répétitions CAG dans la maladie de Huntington." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868694.
Full textGrillo, Giacomo. "The ICF syndrome and emergent players in DNA methylation and development : when studying a rare genetic disease sheds new light on an "old" field." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC300/document.
Full textDNA methylation is an essential process for the development of mammals. Its abnormal distribution, particularly at the level of the repeated regions of the genome, is a pathological signature. The discovery of hereditary diseases affecting DNA methylation and the stability of the genome allowed a considerable progress in the identification of their actors and mechanisms. We chose to study the ICF (Immunodeficiency, Centromeric Instability and Facial Abnormalities) syndrome, the first genetic disorder identified with defects in the distribution of DNA methylation, linked to chromosomal instability. When I started my PhD, mutations in two genes had been described to cause the ICF syndrome: DNMT3B and ZBTB24. However, the genetic origin of a subset of ICF patients remained unknown. We identified mutations in CDCA7 and HELLS as causative of the ICF syndrome. I showed that their loss of function in somatic cells results in the loss of DNA methylation at centromeric repeats, strongly suggestive of a role DNA methylation maintenance. Hence, the study of the aetiology of a genetic disease provided new candidate “guardians” of DNA repeats and genome stability, with virtually unknown functions but with exciting potential roles in the DNA methylation machinery and in development. During my PhD, I established methylation maps in ICF patients cells to identify common and distinct targets of these factors, as well as their genomic and epigenomic characteristics. In contrast to DNMT3B mutations, those in ZBTB24, CDCA7 and HELLS affect methylation at CpG-poor regions in intergenic genomic locations and at interspersed DNA repeats, and more generally, at genomic locations with heterochromatic features. Their integrity is required for the methylated status of coding and non-coding clusters of genes, some of which are expressed in a monoallelic manner. To better characterize the role of ZBTB24 in development and DNA methylation pathways, we generated a mouse model carrying mutations in ZBTB24. We showed that ZBTB24 is essential for early development, while it seemed to be dispensable for in vitro differentiation of murine ES cells. We implicated ZBTB24 in the establishment of DNA methylation at DNA repeats, both in tandem or interspersed, in differentiating ES cells. Interestingly, ZBTB24 seems to be also implicated in the establishment of the repressive mark H3K9me3 suggesting that ZBTB24 may indirectly control DNA methylation through an interplay with histone marks. As a whole, our work sheds light on how DNA methylation and heterochromatin marks are established and maintained at unique genes and DNA repeats, and provides new actors and mechanisms to consider in studies of the maintenance of genome stability
Molin, Quentin. "Contribution à l’étude de la robustesse des MOSFET-SiC haute tension : Dérive de la tension de seuil et tenue aux courts-circuits." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI111.
Full textThis manuscript is a contribution to reliability and robustness study of MOSFET components on silicon carbide “SiC”, wide band gap semiconductor with better characteristics compared to silicon “Si” material. Those new power switches can provide better switching frequencies or voltage withstanding for example in power converter. SiC MOSFET are the results of approximately 10 years of research and development and can provide increased performances and weight to some converter topology for high voltage direct current networks. Others power switches available are still introduced and an introduction to reliability is explaining why such work on this new power switches is important. Transition from Si technologies to SiC ones require a lot of work regarding its robustness. Before showing reliability and robustness results is presented I give a lot of details regarding to the measurement and monitoring of key parameters used in the next chapters. The results of our tests on the threshold voltage instability are presented and how we validated an empirical model on this drift. This was used to propose an enhanced measurement protocol on the threshold voltage. Static and dynamic experimental results presented next will show if the voltage drift during ageing is significant or not. Further analysis is proposed to add more insight on the understanding of the oxide degradation mechanisms through C-V and charge pumping measurements. Finally, the ageing results presented on 1,7 kV SiC MOSFET are focused on the short-circuit and repetitive short-circuit behavior of the same components. Drain to source voltage influence on critical energy during this particular and stressful operation mode is studied. This time, the results are worrying.The last chapter is confidential
D'Anjou, Hélène. "Étude de l'organisation fonctionnelle du génome humain par un modèle d'interactions entre les séquences répétitives de type LINE-1." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14650.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Instabilité des répétitions"
Molinier, Pascale. "Jack le masochiste." In 24 heures chrono, naissance du genre sécuritaire ? Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53984/philoseries06439.
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