Journal articles on the topic 'Instabilità ontologica'
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Madahian, Masoud, and Hossein Pirnajmuddin. "Ontological Foregrounding in Luigi Pirandello’s Six Characters in Search of an Author." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 28 (May 2014): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.28.70.
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Pirandello's twentieth-century play is so form-conscious and experimental in technique that it can be characterized as postmodernist. As the dominant of postmodernist literature, ontology has formed the poetics of Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author. The poetics of his play foregrounds ontology: different ontological planes are conceived in its world. Each of these planes – ontologies – stands for a world. Moreover, ontological foregrounding signifies breaking the ontological boundaries between the worlds in the play, hence the confusion of ontologies. The result has been the coexistence of different ontologies that induces ontological instability and indeterminacy in the structure of the play. In fact, the world logic of the six characters does not meet with that of the Actors, and it brings about ambiguity and a(n)(ontological) tension between their worlds.
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Sadowska, Zuzanna. "In Becoming. Instability of Psychedelic Substances." Etnografia Polska 66, no. 1-2 (December 21, 2022): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/ep66.2022.2834.
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Psychoactive substances are subject to law control, imposed through the system of medical prescription or legal prohibition, with legal penalties for their unauthorized use. The consumption of drugs in a non-medical contexts is often labelled as "drug abuse", and the substance used in this way as a “narcotic” - the term endowed with illegality (Goodman et al. 2017). While legal, medical and popular discourses attempt to establish the distinction between what is an illicit drug and what is a medicine by creating the presumptive ontologies of drugs, this way of approaching substances has become the object of critique within drug research associated with the ‘ontological turn’. Scholars in this field of study have destabilised the assumption of a fixed, ready-made, singular drug objects, postulating thinking about substance use as a mutable system of relations intertwined in the broader assemblages and ecologies of drug use.
In this article, by using ethnographic examples and through the analysis of research conducted within the so called “psychedelic turn” movement, I demonstrate the fluidity and multiplicity of psychoactive substances and examine diverse ways in which the dominant – Euro-American – drug categorizations are undermined. I pose the question of how the border between what is an “illicit drug” and what is a “medicine” is stabilized and destabilized through the embodied users’ practices and scientific discourses.
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Wilhelm-Solomon, Matthew, Peter Kankonde Bukasa, and Lorena Núñez. "Vital instability: ontological insecurity and African urbanisms." Critical African Studies 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2017.1341082.
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Sullivan, Noelle. "Hospital (In)Visibilities: Engaging the (Im)Possibilities of Ontological Instability." Science as Culture 25, no. 4 (June 27, 2016): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2016.1182972.
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Komarov, Oleksandr. "Uniformity vs pluralism: an ontological basis of conflict." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 3 (September 7, 2021): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.03.166.
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The article considers the phenomena of unified and plural rationality, and hence the possibility or its absence to unify experience, culture, politics, economics, etc. To illustrate the problem, it is suggested to consider the differences between the modern and postmodern eras. It is attempted to deduce the ontological basis of cultural differences and the dynamics of knowledge development in general. Author of the article reflects upon contemporary challenges related to the instability of the state of knowledge, and propose possible solutions of modern social and philosophical problems on the basis of phenomenology.
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Caracciolo. "Ontological Instability and the Place of the Subject in Contemporary Fiction." Style 55, no. 3 (2021): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/style.55.3.0367.
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Ameel. "Ontological Instability and Nonhuman Presence in Twenty-First-Century New York Fiction." Style 55, no. 3 (2021): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/style.55.3.0346.
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Khnykin, Denis Antonovich, Anna Sergeevna Krasnoperova, and Konstantin Evgen'evich Morozov. "Ways of Overcoming Ontological Instability of the Concept of a Subject in Modern Philosophy." Manuskript, no. 6 (June 2020): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/manuscript.2020.6.15.
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Drotyanko, Lyubov, Julia Kharchenko, Sergej Kharchenko, and Oleg Kolomiets. "Features of functional dependence of random phenomena and values in social being in conditions of its unstability (the environmental position)." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 11048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124411048.
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The analysis of the phenomenon of “random” and the principle of the relationship of random phenomena in social reality in the conditions of its instability has been conducted. On this basis, the key task was the conceptualization of the random phenomena in the scales of typology of fundamental and social interactions. It has been confirmed that the concept of “random” in terms of instability is more effectively described through ontological, phenomenological, transcendental and functional approaches and in the context of environmental position. A probability principle was applied when describing the randomness of abstract values. It has been proved that even minor aberrations at one or another point of space at different systemic levels of the material world can profoundly change the metric properties of systems, cause their instability. The results of the research confirmed that the unstable social system does not return to the state of equilibrium from which it has came out for different reasons, but continuously it moves away from it or makes unacceptably large fluctuations around it. And functional dependence between random phenomena and quantities under conditions of social instability is possible as stability of a different kind.
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McCredden, Lyn. "A Post-Colonial Ontology? Tim Winton’s The Riders and the Challenge to White-Settler Identity." Humanities 9, no. 3 (August 28, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9030095.
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Through a reading of Australian non-Indigenous author Tim Winton and his novel The Riders, this essay seeks to shake to the very roots white-settler understandings of identity and belonging. The essay treads respectfully into the field of Australian identity, recognizing that Indigenous people’s ancient and sacred relationship with country and the formation of treaties with the nation, are now rightfully central on national agendas. However, this essay asks the following question: what are the ontological grounds upon which respectful dialogue between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians might occur, after such violent and traumatic history? The essay explores the possible grounds for an evolving dialogue, one which will be necessarily intersectional: (post)colonial, spiritual/ontological and material. Further, the essay identifies “spirituality” and “ontology” as broad denominators for religion, speculating on a (post)colonial ontology which centers on home and (un)belonging. White-settler Australians, this essay argues, must confront deep ontological issues of brokenness if they are to take part meaningfully in future dialogues. Scully, the protagonist of The Riders, finds himself far from home and stripped of almost all the markers of his former identity: as Australian, as husband, and as a man in control of his life. The novel probes (un)belonging for this individual descendent of colonial Australia, as trauma engulfs him. Further, it will be argued that The Riders prefigures the wider, potentially positive aspects of a post-colonial ontology of (un)belonging, as white-settler Australians come to enunciate a broken history, and ontological instability. Such recognition, this essay argues, is a preliminary step towards a fuller post-colonial dialogue in Australia.
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Mintz-Woo, Kian. "On Parfit’s Ontology." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 48, no. 5 (2018): 707–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2017.1381935.
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Parfit denies that the introduction of reasons into our ontology is costly for his theory. He puts forth two positions to help establish the claim: the Plural Senses View and the Argument from Empty Ontology. I argue that, first, the Plural Senses View for ‘exists’ can be expanded to allow for senses which undermine his ontological claims; second, the Argument from Empty Ontology can be debunked by Platonists. Furthermore, it is difficult to make statements about reasons true unless these statements include reference to objects in reality. These arguments show the instability of Parfit’s claimed metaethical advantages over naturalism.
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Desorbay, Bernadette. "Hontologie comparée : de Lopes à Dalembert et Quaghebeur, au r(o)ugissement dans l’œuvre de Diane Meur." Dialogues francophones 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/difra-2015-0023.
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Abstract The shame of being what they are in comparison with the Other supposed to have it (phallic jouissance) creates a relationship, leading to activism and/or symptom, between several characters of French-speaking writers as remote in space as Henri Lopes (Congo), Louis-Philippe Dalembert (Haiti) and Diane Meur (Belgium). The discomfort of the half-blood, Puerto Rican, Jew, for instance, which, for his part and speaking from Belgium, Marc Quaghebeur considers as giving rise to an “enjoyment of the complex,” opening it up onto the world. In Diane Meur’s work, a moral debt or a family secret occasion blush as a consequence of a state of profound ontological instability.
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Grant, Jenna. "Portrait and Scan." Public Culture 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-9262863.
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Abstract This article is an ethnography of color and black-and-white in medical images of a particular kind—prenatal ultrasound—in a particular place—Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It is also a meditation on histories and theorizations of color. It moves from the discourse and practice of pregnant women, family members, and doctors about color and black-and-white, to political and intellectual histories of color in Cambodia and in anthropology, to Buddhist ontologies of pregnancy and life. Across this diverse terrain, the notion of the image-affect conveys how images stimulate affective responses in viewers and how images affect their referents. A method of listening to and for image-affects helps us to understand how people relate to the elemental instability of images and the instability of beings to which images refer and with which they become.
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Rosa, Marcelo C., Camila Penna, and Priscila D. Carvalho. "Heterogeneity and Instability: Theoretical–Methodological Outcomes of Three Investigations on Land and Agrarian Movements and the State." Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy: A triannual Journal of Agrarian South Network and CARES 10, no. 3 (October 26, 2021): 415–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22779760211052612.
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The article presents a theoretical–methodological proposal to research movements and its connections based on the associations they establish. The first investigation focuses on the transformations of the South African Landless People’s Movement, the second on interactions between Brazilian rural movements and the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform, the third focuses on the transnational ties of the Brazilian National Confederation of Agricultural Workers. We produce an ontological definition of movements and the state as collectives whose existence is defined by continuous assemblages of heterogeneous and unstable elements. Those collectives are not enclosed analytical units, but contingent and contextual. Methodologically, we suggest the observation of the processes in the long term to grasp the continuous constructions of those collectives, even before they reach public expression. Controversies are analytical categories for understanding which elements allow things to take the course we analyze.
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Knotts, Matthew William. "God and Self in Confessiones IV and Beyond: Therapeia, Self-Presence, and Ontological Contingency in Augustine, Seneca, and Heidegger." Vox Patrum 82 (June 15, 2022): 113–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.12725.
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This article investigates Augustine’s reflection on the death of his friend in Confessiones IV. A critical treatment of this passage discloses the three key themes which will form the main substance of the analysis: self-presence, the contingency of being, and divine absence. Integrating philosophical and theological methodologies with an historical-critical treatment of Augustine’s work, this article relates Augustine’s insights to his foregoing classical context and his reception in posterity, with particular attention to Lucius Annaeus Seneca (ca. 4 BCE-65 CE) and Martin Heidegger (1889-1976). This investigation shows that these three figures are connected by an appreciation of how self-presence and ontological instability are constant facets of human life, though easily neglected. Each advocates a curriculum of philosophical training, whereby one learns to pacify the mind by an awareness of the true nature of mundane reality. This research contributes to the renewed appreciation of how the therapeutic aspects of classical philosophy influenced early Christian authors; illuminates a key episode in Augustine’s life en route to his conversion to Christianity; and raises questions about the “apophatic” dimensions of Augustine’s theology and anthropology.
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Hagström, Linus. "Great Power Narcissism and Ontological (In)Security: The Narrative Mediation of Greatness and Weakness in International Politics." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab011.
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Abstract Why do self-representations of weakness pervade public discourse in self-identified great powers? Moreover, why do they intersect with self-representations of greatness? Do such narrative instability, inconsistency, and incoherence simply indicate that great powers are ontologically insecure? This article advances a theoretical explanation that is both embedded in and contributes to scholarship that theorizes ontological (in)security from a Lacanian perspective. The gist, ironically, is that great powers’ quest for greatness is co-constituted with the narrative construction of weakness. The article then challenges the assumption in existing ontological security scholarship that states are generally self-reflexive and experience pride when ontologically secure but shame when ontologically insecure. Since great power narratives reflect persistent, exaggerated, and simultaneous feelings of shame and pride, it argues that narcissism helps better account for great power self-identification and ontological security-seeking. Drawing on psychological research on narcissism, the article develops four narrative forms—shame, pride, denial, and insult—through which self-representations of weakness and greatness, and feelings of shame and pride, can be mediated. Finally, using empirical illustrations from the United States and China, the article analyzes how and with what implications political leaders have narrated about each respective great power's weakness and greatness, with a focus on the period 2006–2020. ¿Por qué las autorrepresentaciones de debilidad se extienden en los discursos públicos en las grandes potencias autoidentificadas? Asimismo, ¿por qué se entrecruzan con las autorrepresentaciones de grandeza? ¿La inestabilidad, la incongruencia y la incoherencia narrativa simplemente indican que las grandes potencias son inseguras en términos ontológicos? Este artículo propone una explicación teórica que está incorporada a una erudición, y que contribuye con ella, que teoriza la (in)seguridad desde una perspectiva lacaniana. Irónicamente, la idea es que la búsqueda de grandeza de las grandes potencias está coconstituida con la construcción narrativa de debilidad. Por lo tanto, el artículo desafía el supuesto de la erudición existente de seguridad ontológica que establece que, por lo general, los estados son autorreflexivos y experimentan orgullo cuando están ontológicamente seguros, pero experimentan vergüenza cuando están inseguros en términos ontológicos. Puesto que las narraciones de las grandes potencias reflejan sentimientos persistentes, exagerados y simultáneos de vergüenza y orgullo, se sostiene que el narcisismo ayuda mejor a dar cuenta de la autoidentificación y de la búsqueda de seguridad ontológica de las grandes potencias. Al recurrir a la investigación psicológica sobre el narcisismo, el artículo desarrolla cuatro formas de narraciones: vergüenza, orgullo, negación e insulto, a través de las cuales se pueden mediar las autorrepresentaciones de debilidad y grandeza, así como los sentimientos de vergüenza y orgullo. Por último, usando ejemplos empíricos de los Estados Unidos y de China, el artículo analiza cómo y con qué consecuencias los líderes políticos han narrado sobre la debilidad y la grandeza de cada gran potencia, y se centra en el período que va de 2006 a 2020. Pourquoi les auto-représentations de faiblesse imprègnent-elles le discours public des grandes puissances autoproclamées ? De plus, pourquoi ces auto-représentations de faiblesse s'entrecroisent-elles avec des auto-représentations de grandeur ? De telles instabilités, inconstances et incohérences narratives indiquent-elles simplement que les grandes puissances sont ontologiquement insécurisées ? Cet article avance une explication théorique qui est à la fois intégrée et contributrice aux recherches qui théorisent l’(in)sécurité ontologique d'un point de vue lacanien. Ironiquement, l'idée générale est que la quête de grandeur des grandes puissances se constitue conjointement avec la construction narrative de la faiblesse. Cet article remet ensuite en question l'hypothèse des recherches existantes sur la sécurité ontologique, qui est que les États sont généralement auto-réflexifs et qu'ils ressentent de la fierté lorsqu'ils sont ontologiquement sécurisés mais de la honte lorsqu'ils sont ontologiquement insécurisés. Étant donné que les discours des grandes puissances reflètent des sentiments persistants, exagérés et simultanés de honte et de fierté, cet article soutient que le narcissisme aide à mieux prendre en compte l'autoproclamation des grandes puissances et leur quête de sécurité ontologique. Cet article s'appuie sur une recherche psychologique sur le narcissisme pour présenter quatre formes narratives—de la honte, de la fierté, du déni et de l'insulte—par le biais desquelles les auto-représentations de faiblesse et de grandeur, et les sentiments de honte et de fierté, peuvent être communiqués. Enfin, cet article utilise des illustrations empiriques des États-Unis et de Chine pour analyser la manière dont et les implications avec lesquelles les dirigeants politiques ont discouru sur les faiblesses et grandeurs respectives de chacune des grandes puissances en se concentrant sur la période 2006–2020.
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Thwaites, Denise. "Danto, Derrida and the Artworld Frame." Derrida Today 10, no. 1 (May 2017): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drt.2017.0143.
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This paper examines the hitherto neglected resonance between Danto's and Derrida's concepts of the Artworld and the Frame. In doing so, I challenge prevalent understandings of Danto's theoretical framework, highlighting the necessary instability that he integrates into his definition of the art object. Equally, I emphasise the applicability of Derrida's deconstructive concept to the concrete conditions of contemporary artistic practice.I begin by examining the tensions present in Danto's definitional approach, as it demands a complex vision of Artworld relations. I then consider how the ontologically constitutive character of Danto's Artworld may be re-examined through Derrida's concept of the parergon, as a supplementary techné that is fundamentally unstable and fragmented. Through this comparative reading I show that despite their different approaches, Danto's and Derrida's philosophies of art advance similar ontological conclusions. I thus argue that while their differences should not be minimised, our understanding of Danto's and Derrida's aesthetic concepts is enriched through recognition of their unforeseen correspondences.
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Marston, Steph. "Expression as Creativity." Journal of Early Modern Studies 11, no. 2 (2022): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jems202211215.
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Deleuze (1990) reads Part I of the Ethics as articulating an expressionist philosophy, in which to express (exprimere) is the ontological criterion for existence throughout Spinoza’s metaphysical system. However, he argues that inadequate ideas and passions are non‑expressing, such that finite modes express substance only in their adequate ideas. I argue, contra Deleuze, that Spinoza’s account of the workings of the human mind presses us to understand inadequate ideas as genuine expressions of substance which nonetheless are specific to the individuals which form them. On the same textual grounds I propose that the mind’s expression of substance in inadequate ideas, and thus in virtue of its encounters with other modes, is a source of both creativity and potential instability. I put this insight to work in a reading of Spinoza’s political philosophy, arguing that expression generates a dynamic in which social formations enact and reinforce their own forms of expression, while also being subject to the reimaginations and expression of those who live within them.
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Ledouble, Hélène. "Term circulation and conceptual instability in the mediation of science: Binary framing of the notions of biological versus chemical pesticides." Discourse & Communication 14, no. 5 (May 4, 2020): 466–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750481320917575.
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This article explores the influence of textual structures on the acquisition of knowledge in popularization discourses related to biopesticides. Following a terminological insight into the linguistic and cognitive complexities of the notion, we proceed to a semantic analysis of press articles in major Anglo-Saxon newspapers, focusing on the explanation strategies used by the media to simplify their presentation. We show that in the mediation process, biopesticides (and co-referent terms) are systematically described as being environmentally friendly, and opposed to chemical pesticides, consistently shown to be detrimental to the environment. We hypothesize that this simplistic binary framing is exploited by journalists as it is easy to understand in a context of agroecological transition and commonly shared distrust for chemical pesticides. In that respect, it proves to be adequate for purposes of explanation and simplification. However, by outlining this discursive process based on duality, we aim to draw attention to the potential misconceptions of plant protection issues in general, and biopesticides in particular. We ultimately demonstrate that when adopting other perspectives (scientific, ontological or ethical), this dual framing proves to be inadequate for the construction of knowledge by any non-expert press reader.
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Sumiala, Johanna, and Minttu Tikka. "Digital media ethnographers on the move – An unexpected proposal." Journal of Digital Social Research 2, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v2i1.37.
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This article explores what digital media ethnography as a methodological approach can offer to the study of contiguous media events with an unexpected, violent and fluid nature. Emphasising the role of media events in the present organisation of social life, we as digital media anthropologists acknowledge the tendency in the current digital media environment to eventise and spectacularise social life. This development serves the power-related purposes of attention seeking and public recognition in the digital world. The article is structured as follows: first, we provide a brief outline of the field of digital media ethnography in relation to the study of media event; second, we identify what we claim are three key methodological dilemmas in applying digital media ethnography to the study of today’s digitally circulating media events (scale, mobility and agency) and reflect on them in the context of our methodological positioning; third, we conclude this article by considering some epistemological and ontological implications of this methodological endeavour in relation to what can be called the ‘meta-field’ and the related instability in current digital research.
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Ferrarello, Susi. "Meaning-Making Activity in the Emotional Experience of Borderline Personalities." Psychopathology 54, no. 5 (2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000517932.
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This article describes the mereological constitution of contents in the intentional acts of people affected by borderline personality disorder (BPD) or emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) in order to shed light on the origin of the emotional instability characterizing this disorder. The article will first discuss the emotional cycle of people affected by this disorder; second, it will focus on the mereological aspect of the meaning-making<A51_FootRef>1</A51_FootRef> experience in the intentional act; third, it will show how this meaning-making experience usually interacts with axiological<A51_FootRef>2</A51_FootRef> qualities that affect the continuity of their sense of reality. From the investigation, it emerges that the mereological constitution of contents occurs in a way that is disruptive of the continuity of BPD/EUPDs’ interaffective lifeworld as it generates intersubjective disturbances on the axiological, logical, and ontological levels. On this basis, as a concluding suggestion, the paper will propose an alternative way to approach the problem, soothe the disturbance, and encourage integration.
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Ómarsdóttir, Silja Bára. "Sýn Íslendinga á utanríkis- og öryggismál." Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 14, no. 2 (June 20, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2018.14.2.1.
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Icelanders’ views on security and foreign affairs since the end of the Cold War are an understudied issue. This article presents the findings of a large scale survey on the position and ideas about foreign affairs and security. The survey was conducted by the Social Science Research Institute of the University of Iceland in November and December 2016. The results of the survey are placed in the context of developments in security studies, with an emphasis on security sectors, ontological security, and securitization. The main findings are that the Icelandic public believes that its security is most threatened by economic and financial instability, as well as natural hazards, but thinks there is a very limited chance of military conflict or terrorist attacks directly affecting the country. These findings are incongruent with the main emphases of Icelandic authorities, as they appear in security policy and political discourse. It is therefore important that the authorities understand how to engage with the public about the criteria upon which risk assessments and security policies are based.
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Prushkovska, Anastasiia. "Conception of a man in Bataille’s anthropology of chance." Grani 23, no. 6-7 (August 30, 2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172067.
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The purpose of this article is to present the conceptшщт of G. Bataille’s philosophy (the anthropology of chance) through the analysis of the nature of concept of «chance» and its relation to the conception of a man in the «ontologies of negativity» of M. Heidegger, J.-P. Sartre and A. Kojève. Theoretical basis. The author defines Bataille's anthropology as anthropology of chance based on its comparison with the ontologies of negativity of the twentieth century. Scientific novelty. The author presents the anthropological concept of G. Bataille, in which a person is understood as a "chance". The author introduces the concept of "anthropology of chance" as a replacement for the classical metaphysical concept of a person and as an alternative to understanding a person in the ontologies of negativity of the twentieth century. Results. It has been established that G. Bataille grouds his understanding of a man in contravention of the subject in classic paradigm. On the place of concepts that have been defining a traditional comprehension of human place in the world, like God, rationality or productivity, Bataille places chance. At the same time, the author highlights the difference between Bataille's anthropology and the “ontologies of negativity” of the twentieth century, built around the concepts of impersonal being (M. Heidegger) or nothing (J.-P. Sartre). The essence of the concept of chance are defined to be openness and meeting with the Other (Autrui) and the other (Autre). It is shown that Bataille’s person-chance consists has a contingent nature and defined through the instability of his place in the universe and society. Community has been identified as a key concept in defining the specifics of the “anthropology of chance”. It might be reached by the subject mystical, erotic and poetic experience. Conclusion. The main difference between the human model proposed by Bataille and existentialism is revealed. Man is described by Bataille not as a creative self isolated in himself, but as “imperfection” opened to another. The Other in this paradigm turns out to be a condition, not a limit of freedom. In Bataille's Inner Experience, man appears as a wound through which it is possible to create a message. Thus, Bataille's concept of a person as a chance becomes a springboard for the emergence of an understanding of the heterogeneous contingent subject in modern philosophy.
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Forment, Bruno. "Pastiching as Artistic Research: Ifigenia / Ipermestra (Brussels, 2006)*." Musicology Today 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/muso-2021-0014.
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Abstract On 6 December 2006, students of the Royal Conservatoire of Brussels performed two one-act pasticci arranged by the author of this article: Ifigenia and Ipermestra. Assembled as experiments in the young discipline of artistic research in music, both ‘cut & paste’ operas offered opportunities to explore issues of music-dramatic syntax in opera seria. In this article, I explain how individual arias and recitatives were combined into two meta-compositions that sometimes respected, and sometimes overrode eighteenth-century generic conventions. By revisiting the scores, libretti, archives and first-hand memories pertaining to this venture, I will show that ‘pastiching’ (pasticciare) is more than a historical form; it is a transhistorical method, involving a broad network of agencies, operators, and stakeholders whose strategies can be artistic and non-artistic, convergent and divergent. Pastiching does not necessarily result in ‘works’, fixed in time and space, but rather produces meta-compositional assemblages, the transience and formal instability of which provide opportunities to showcase neglected repertoire and tackle outdated musical ontologies.
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Hudyma, Ihor. "Contingency as a way of being of the world: features of theological interpretations." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: Philosophy, culture studies, sociology 12, no. 23 (2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2849-2022-12-23-7-15.
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The main objective of this article is to study the traditional Christian doctrine of the ontological balance of beings established by God, which is contingent and does not have a deep first reason for its own existence in itself, as well as the attempts of contemporary theologians to modernize this doctrine. The author's special attention is focused on the components of the theological doctrine of the "deeds of God", where the researchers examjning the topics of religion, considering the idea of direct divine causality, inevitably raise the question of its direct goal - maintaining the existence of the world and preventing it (the world) from sliding into the abyss of non-existence. The choice of theoretical and methodological approaches of the article is determined by the very subject of thought and the nature of the tasks. The providence of God and the miracle, as its special case, in accordance with fundamental Christian instructions, without significant disagreement, are clearly interpreted by theologians of all major Christian denominations in their theophanic perspective, as a permanent manifestation of God in the realm of God’s own creation. Almost all the main theological approaches to this issue aim justify and show the presence of God in the natural and human world through the terms of «preservation» and «management», and also, invariably, by highlighting over exstraordinary cases of direct creative acts of God in the world, through miracle. These means of God's interaction with the world, according to the theologians, are intended to preserve the ontological balance of the being, which was originally established by God, which is contingent, that is, is not the cause of itself. The ontological instability of the world, which lies in its contingency and the danger of its return to non-existence, is completely balanced by the activity of God; the latter is aimed not only at preserving the originality of the world, but also acts as the source of its formation, relies on its basis as an internal goal. The providence of God, without much disagreement, is shown by theologians of the main Christian movements as coherent processes, on the one hand, ordinary natural changes, as the objectification of the divine will in action, and on the other hand, as direct creative acts of God's interaction with the world in a miracle, when he does something surpassing the power of natural things. Common in the positions of theologians of different Christian denominations is also the fact that they unanimously emphasize the inadmissibility of a speculative interpretation of these concepts. All this, in the end, is aimed at introducing into the minds of believers the ontological image of God, who constantly indicates his presence in history and the indispensable ontologization of a miracle. Without this, faith is ultimately annihilated. In this case, the ideological opponents of religion get the opportunity to assert the thesis about providence and miracles as the results of ignorance or deliberate deceit. The main result of the study of the problem leads to the conclusion that for theologians who are in search of acceptable models for expressing the creative essence of God, modernizing the religious picture of the world and its main elements intends to reveal the essential in the doctrine by moving from the figurative-fantastic to the deep-true; all this, according to the theologians, should testify to the eternal values of the religious worldview in all the vicissitudes of epochs and cultures.
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Peixoto, Carolina, Marta Martins, Luís Costa, and Susana Vinga. "Kidney Cancer Biomarker Selection Using Regularized Survival Models." Cells 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11152311.
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of RCC showing a significant percentage of mortality. One of the priorities of kidney cancer research is to identify RCC-specific biomarkers for early detection and screening of the disease. With the development of high-throughput technology, it is now possible to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes in parallel and assess the molecular profile of individual tumors. Studying the relationship between gene expression and survival outcome has been widely used to find genes associated with cancer survival, providing new information for clinical decision-making. One of the challenges of using transcriptomics data is their high dimensionality which can lead to instability in the selection of gene signatures. Here we identify potential prognostic biomarkers correlated to the survival outcome of ccRCC patients using two network-based regularizers (EN and TCox) applied to Cox models. Some genes always selected by each method were found (COPS7B, DONSON, GTF2E2, HAUS8, PRH2, and ZNF18) with known roles in cancer formation and progression. Afterward, different lists of genes ranked based on distinct metrics (logFC of DEGs or β coefficients of regression) were analyzed using GSEA to try to find over- or under-represented mechanisms and pathways. Some ontologies were found in common between the gene sets tested, such as nuclear division, microtubule and tubulin binding, and plasma membrane and chromosome regions. Additionally, genes that were more involved in these ontologies and genes selected by the regularizers were used to create a new gene set where we applied the Cox regression model. With this smaller gene set, we were able to significantly split patients into high/low risk groups showing the importance of studying these genes as potential prognostic factors to help clinicians better identify and monitor patients with ccRCC.
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Sinelnikova, Lara N. "The conceptual environment of the frontier discourse in humanities." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 467–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-2-467-492.
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The concept of frontier has been formed for a long time and in different directions. The main characteristics of a frontier - its flexible borders, a zone of space development characterised by uncertainty and instability - have proved their importance for understanding and describing the current state of the environment with regard to its social, cultural, communicative and linguistic indicators. The interdisciplinary (transcendental) potential of a frontier is realised in a complementary combination of natural-scientific and humanitarian scholarship. The aim of the present paper is to justify the scholarly integrity of the term frontier discourse the conceptual milieu of which is created through two overlapping multi-layered phenomena: frontier and discourse. The paper names the vectors of expanding the interdisciplinary possibilities of a frontier under the conditions of a discourse approach. Frontier as a flexible border is presented in the Internet communication, the socio-cultural space of the modern city, in the daily behavioural norms of the elite, in the family relations and in many other conceptual spheres the list of which remains open based on the ontological features of a frontier. Based on the examples from Russian and foreign literature, the author demonstrates the role of the frontier modus in the interpretation of literary texts whose plot, style and images are projected onto national history, culture, mentality in the by-border characteristics. Such frontier features as instability, its ability to create an interaction zone, which, under certain conditions, can lead to integration, are important for understanding the problems of modern language, speech and genre norms. The byborder territory is a place accumulating violations of traditional norms and providing the material which is necessary in order to anticipate the arising norm changes. The transformation of traditional genres and the formation of new ones also take place on frontier territories. It is concluded that frontier discourse ensures the understanding of norm movements in genre-stylistic characteristics.
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Ferranti, Nicolas, Jairo Francisco de Souza, and Stênio Sã Rosário Furtado Soares. "An experimental analysis on evolutionary ontology meta-matching." Knowledge and Information Systems 63, no. 11 (October 23, 2021): 2919–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10115-021-01613-0.
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AbstractEvery year, new ontology matching approaches have been published to address the heterogeneity problem in ontologies. It is well known that no one is able to stand out from others in all aspects. An ontology meta-matcher combines different alignment techniques to explore various aspects of heterogeneity to avoid the alignment performance being restricted to some ontology characteristics. The meta-matching process consists of several stages of execution, and sometimes the contribution/cost of each algorithm is not clear when evaluating an approach. This article presents the evaluation of solutions commonly used in the literature in order to provide more knowledge about the ontology meta-matching problem. Results showed that the more characteristics of the entities that can be captured by similarity measures set, the greater the accuracy of the model. It was also possible to observe the good performance and accuracy of local search-based meta-heuristics when compared to global optimization meta-heuristics. Experiments with different objective functions have shown that semi-supervised methods can shorten the execution time of the experiment but, on the other hand, bring more instability to the result.
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Prystash, Justin. "Rhizomatic Subjects." Nineteenth-Century Literature 66, no. 2 (September 1, 2011): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2011.66.2.141.
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Abstract By examining Thomas Carlyle's scientific writings (often buried in his “literary” texts) and placing them in relation to Charles Kingsley's work on marine biology, this essay explores how these writers posit a transcendent, eternal origin in order to stabilize a normative hierarchy of subjectivity in the present. Their concept of the eternal origin was internally subverted, however, through the metaphorical irruption of organisms from natural history, especially the roots of plants and coral. These nonhierarchical, rhizomatic organisms express, as Carlyle puts it, so many “rhizophagous” threats to a stable English society. Due to the ontological and epistemological instability of the biological referent, these metaphors also continually subvert Carlyle's language and political message, from his early essays on Goethe to the Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850). Kingsley presents an analogous case. In the dream sequence in Alton Locke (1850), for example, he paradoxically portrays the transcendent origin of male subjectivity as materialist and matriarchal: the “madrepore” (or “mother-passage,” a type of coral) that forms the basis of Alton's identity is described in terms of its femininity, temporal flux, and biological indeterminacy (only later is this origin subsumed in the telos of the divine “All-Father”). Ultimately, both Carlyle and Kingsley reveal the extent to which concepts of temporality and biology formed and deformed Victorian subjectivity in the pre-Darwinian period.
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Martínez, Cynthia. "The Ghost and the Double: Identity, Migration, and Storytelling in Francisco Goldman’s The Long Night of White Chickens." Latin American Literary Review 49, no. 99 (September 9, 2022): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26824/lalr.338.
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Francisco Goldman’s 1992 novel, The Long Night of White Chickens, explores themes of personal and political instability through characters who move between Guatemala and the United States during the 1970s and 1980s, some of the most violent years of Guatemala’s Civil War. This essay combines an analysis of literary form and content to explore the unease that characters experience as they traverse a range of national, ethnic, and racialized markers (such as, Latina/o, Guatemalan, Jewish, and indigenous), while they migrate between Guatemala and the US. I explore Roger’s (the narrator) unreliable methods of storytelling alongside characters’ conceptions of their own and each other’s multiple positionalities. I focus on the metaphorical presence of ghosts, doubles, and disabled bodies to examine the connections that the novel forges between identity, transnationality, and storytelling. Specifically, I argue that the use of ghostliness and disability as metaphor serves to explore—at times, problematically—characters’ embodied differences by rendering their otherness literal. My analysis seeks to demonstrate how the narrator’s use of storytelling evolves throughout the novel. While storytelling initially serves Roger as a deflection of his own ontological concerns, it ultimately becomes his outlet for self-reflection, reckoning, and healing. As Roger confronts the haunting presence of the recently deceased Flor–his surrogate sister, object of desire, and anchor to his existence–he begins to use storytelling to grapple with the seeming chaos and open-endedness of his transnational life.
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Ciccone, Samantha, Anna Pulliam, Xiaohong Li, Yue Si, Attilio Orazi, Grover C. Bagby, and D. Wade Clapp. "A Model of Clonal Evolution and Myelodysplasia (MDS) on Mice with Genetic Disruption of Both Fancc and Fancg." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2627.2627.
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Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited chromosomal instability syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure and a high relative risk of MDS. Eight FA proteins associate in a core nuclear complex and function at least in part to catalyze the monoubiquitination of the downstream target protein, FANCD2 in response to DNA damage. In this nuclear pathway the FA proteins are epistatic in the activation of FANCD2 since inactivation of any one of the eight FA proteins results in failure of FANCD2 monoubiquitination and hypersensitivity to cross-linking agents. Although biochemical studies have attributed additional survival signaling functions to the FA proteins, these functions have not been evaluated using a genetic model. Murine models of FA have been established using homologous recombination for gene disruption. Although all strains of knockout mice are hypersensitive to mitomycin c, none of the single gene knockout mice display bone marrow failure, MDS, or myeloid leukemia. Seeking to develop such a model, we utilized a genetic intercross to generate mice that harbor disruptions in both Fancc and Fancg. Genetic disruption of both Fancc and Fancg predispose Fancc−/−;Fancg −/− mice or recipients adoptively transferred with Fancc −/−; Fancg −/− hematopoietic stem cells to MDS analogous to the disease phenotype in FA patients as defined histologically and by cytogenetic analysis. Genome wide transcriptomal analysis and hierarchical clustering by genotypic group of bone marrow cells from wild type, single knockout, and double knockout mice (n=3 each) confirmed substantial differences between hematopoietic cells of Fancc, Fancg and double knockout (DKO) mice. Serial pairwise analysis and gene pattern analyses (GeneSifter) showed that of the 1190 genes expressed differentially (by a factor of >1.5, FDR adjusted p<0.05) in Fancc−/− marrow cells only 134 were differentially expressed in Fancg−/− cells. Of the 524 genes expressed differentially in Fancg−/− marrow compared to WT, 277 were not expressed differentially in Fancc−/− marrow compared to WT. In pairwise analysis of Fancc−/− vs. Fancg−/− gene expression, ontologies of those genes more highly expressed in Fancc −/− cells included responses to biotic stress, defense and immune response. The most over-represented ontological category of those genes more highly expressed in Fancg−/− cells was response to oxidative stress. Since these genes are not epistatic in regards to the hematopoietic phenotype, and the transcriptomal consequences of their loss-of-function in marrow cells are significantly different, this genetic model confirms that the Fancc and Fancg proteins are multi-functional. Transcriptosomal analyses were conducted on DKO mice that contained MDS and DKO mice with no overt disease. The transcriptome of DKO marrow cells was unique in that 152 suppressed and 687 activated gene products relative to WT samples were not found in either Fancc−/− or Fancg−/− samples. Furthermore, there are distinct transcriptomal differences between the DKO mice with MDS and those that do not have MDS. These data suggest that some of these changes may be adaptive and involved in the molecular pathogenesis of MDS. The DKO model provides the first preclinical platform to systematically evaluate the molecular pathogenesis of bone marrow failure and myelodysplasia in the setting of Fanconi anemia.
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Tsvetkova, Olga L. "REPRESENTATION OF GENDER IN ADVERTISING: STRATEGIES, STEREOTYPES, MEANS." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 23, no. 4 (2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-4-23-34-43.
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The article discusses the problem of cultural design of gender in modern advertising discourse. The existing and emerging types of gender identity are classified in Western advertising of the second half of the XX century. The dual nature of advertising is noted: on the one hand, it broadcasts the process of forming identity, on the other hand, it formulates the norms of feminism/masculinity. Advertising, being a powerful institution of symbolic power of modern consumption society, has a strong influence on the parameters of identity formation, the public position of the individual, as well as on the wide stratum of cultural and social processes in general. The communicative system of advertising as a means of mass influence, ensures the exchange, storage and accumulation of «collective information», «collective memory». At the same time, the process of layering ideologues and archetypes with both existing in the public unconscious and newly emerging phenomena and situations takes place. In creating gender-stratified advertising, techniques such as the use of semantic means of influence are used; creation of a specific design of advertising messages; broadcasting stereotypical emotionally rich images. Advertising hyperbolizes the differences between the sexes and renders stereotypical gender qualities – from the way of thinking of advertising heroes, to manifestations of non-verbal semiotics and paralinguistics. The author concludes that doubts about his own body, its design and representation are a logical result of the general ontological instability of the postmodern era, in which the original concepts of truth, values, traditions are blurred. Objective advertising has a special role in this.
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Karadhe, Tatiana V. "Paradoxes of the methodology of modern political science: possibilities and limits." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2022-1-32-43.
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The article attempts to consider the reasons for limiting the analytical and predictive capabilities of the methodology of modern political science. On the basis of various approaches, the factors that hinder the objective analysis and forecasting of the political are analyzed. The ontological, epistemological and praxiological aspects of the analysis of this problem are presented. It is noted that the formation of a global system is accompanied by the emergence of new properties, including interdependence, increased turbulence and chaotic behavior, cascading effects of changes, the growth of fluctuations and emergent manifestations that increase uncertainty and instability. At the same time, the research apparatus of the methodology of political science does not reflect the complexity, dynamics and diversity of the new emerging interconnections of the open global system, which necessitates its revision, activation of its further development, transition to a new constructivist paradigm. The article examines the importance of interdisciplinarity in the formation of new areas of political science, as well as the role of transdisciplinarity in the formation of new research strategies. The impossibility of forecasting based on successful models and methods in the past, extrapolation of the system of causal relationships of local systems in a state of relative stability to the prediction of open unstable systems is noted. The praxeological analysis allowed us to consider the features of the process of interpreting the results of analytical and predictive activities, the importance of the interest of political actors in the implementation of the results of scientific activity in political practice.
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Kim, Kabsun, Jeong Eun Han, Keun-Bae Lee, and Nacksung Kim. "LIM Homeobox Transcription Factor 1-β Expression is Upregulated in Patients with Osteolysis after Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Inhibits Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in Vitro." Journal of Bone Metabolism 29, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2022.29.3.165.
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Background: Osteolysis is one of the most common problems that occurs after total hip and knee arthroplasty and has recently become a significant problem after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). In this study, we investigated the role of LIM homeobox transcription factor 1-β (Lmx1b) in osteoclast differentiation. By evaluating the expression profiles associated with osteolysis following TAA treatment, Lmx1b was found to be differentially expressed in patients with osteolysis after TAA.Methods: To identify the important genes associated with osteolysis after TAA, RNA sequencing was performed by analyzing 8 patient samples: 5 primary TAA samples (control group) and 3 TAA samples revised for flexion instability (osteolysis group). By analyzing the differentially expressed genes and gene ontologies, Lmx1b expression was found to be upregulated in the osteolysis group compared to that in the control group. Focusing on the role of Lmx1b in bone cells, Lmx1b was overexpressed by a retrovirus in osteoclast precursor cells. The cultured cells were stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and the expression of osteoclast-related genes was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Lmx1b overexpression in osteoclast precursors suppresses osteoclast formation and resorptive activity. The expression of osteoclast marker genes was significantly reduced during osteoclast differentiation by Lmx1b overexpression. Furthermore, Lmx1b is associated with nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and inhibited NFATc1 translocation into the nucleus.Conclusions: These results provide novel insights into the anti-bone resorptive effect of Lmx1b on osteolysis after TAA and may lead to the development of effective preventative and therapeutic strategies for peri-implant osteolysis.
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Ghudyma, Ighor. "THE PHENOMENON OF NEO-DETERMINISM AND ITS COMPREHENSION IN MODERN CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 14, no. 2 (2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2019.14.3.
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The author's research attention is focused on modern science-historical interpretations of the phenomenon of neo-determinism. The author also turned his attention to attempts at a theological interpretation of such ideas through the provisions of a religious worldview. The main objective of this article is to study an updated understanding of the fundamental principle of science – the principle of causality. In addition, the author studied the features of the manifestation of the causality principle in scientific and humanitarian projections. The author's special attention is also focused on the study of the specifics of reflection in the modern religious consciousness of the ideas of divine causality. In addition, the author focused on certain manifestations of the immanence of divine being. The author was particularly interested in the specific components of religious teaching. These are the positions in which theologians try to imagine the point of concentration of God's efforts when God carries out his will and providence. It is on the question of divine immanence that the efforts of even the most inquiring mind are broken up into obstacles caused by faith itself. The limit of that area into which the mind cannot intervene is an attempt to touch the divine causality. The question of finding access points through which God changes the natural world in acts of wonderworking also remains incomprehensible. The topic of the article, the choice and application of its theoretical and methodological approaches are determined by the very subject of thought and the nature of the tasks posed. The following cognition methods were used in the article: general philosophical, general scientific theoretical methods. The author followed the principle of objectivity, applied causal analysis. The final results of the study of the topic lead the thought to the following proposition. Within the synergetic paradigm, the focus of scientists has shifted to the phenomenon of instability and randomness in the course of the processes of the world. This led to the foundation of a new non-linear way of thinking. It also led to the penetration of the provisions of nonlinear determinism in the main disciplinary practices – science, philosophy and religion. Ontological philosophical ideas about the nature of the original nomology (about the essence of the fundamental laws of the universe) have changed. The traditional views on the uniqueness of connections and relationships in nature are revised. This was favored by the development of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and the introduction into the scientific knowledge of statistical techniques and research operations. In understanding the causality of classical science, as well as in the picture of the world that this science offered, God, who casts lots, was a stranger and superfluous. However, modern science offers a new vision of the world. It is based on the nonlinearity of the development of the world and the pluralism of being. The instability factor arises at the bifurcation nodes of a particular process. As a result of fluctuations, the instability factor makes the forecast for the development of the system similar to the "coin toss". In this case, the vectors of several future options open in front of the object. Theologians carefully study the achievements of modern science. And here the theologians again got the opportunity to talk about God in a new way. God acts in alternating necessity and chance for a fraction of chance. The main goal of God is the instantaneous realization of new divine plans for the world and man.
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Kozhokar, I. P. "LEGISLATIVE INFLATION: A THEORETICAL LEGAL STUDY." Вестник Пермского университета. Юридические науки, no. 2(56) (2022): 158–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1995-4190-2022-56-158-186.
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За ко но да те ль на я и нф л я ц и я : тео р ети ко - п р а во во е и с сл едо ва ни е 159 LEGISLATIVE INFLATION: A THEORETICAL LEGAL STUDY I. P. Kozhokar Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: 89272234877@mail.ru Rece iv e d 1 3 A pr 2 0 2 1 Introduction: the issue of ensuring the effectiveness of legal regulations has always been a focus of academic attention. One of the criteria of effectiveness is the stability of legal norms. The phenomenon reflecting the opposite state of legislative array – instability of legal norms – has received the special name of ‘legislative inflation.’ The article aims to study the bases of the theoretical model of legislative inflation on the example of Russian legislation. This is done through clarification of the doctrinal understanding of legislative inflation, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, determinants that contribute to an increase in its rate, negative con- sequences, deterrent tools. Methods: the ontological basis of the study is the theory of law with its means of formal normativism making it possible to identify the defective phenomena indica- tive of legislative inflation. The methods used include general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and classification, abstraction and the axiomat- ic method); special scientific method (mathematical and statistical); special legal methods (le- gal-dogmatic, historical-legal, the method of legal norms interpretation). Results: the study ex- amines quantitative and qualitative indicators characterizing legislative inflation at the current stage of the Russian legislation’s development of (data for 2019-2021); investigates doctrinal ap- proaches to defining ‘legislative inflation’ in Russian and foreign scientific space; provides con- siderations regarding the determinants of legislative inflation; shows the negative effect of legisla- tive inflation; identifies the tools of curbing legislative inflation, including those permanently as- sociated with the legislative process. Conclusions: to counter legislative inflation, it is necessary to optimize lawmaking process, including in terms of providing it with a unified concept
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Bagby, Grover, Jane Yates, Shannon McWeeney, Byung Park, Keaney Rathbun, Daniela Pilonetto, Richard Harris, et al. "Clonal Evolution of Fanconi Anemia (FA) Stem Cells Results from Clonal Adaptation and Clonal Selection. A Report from the International Fanconi Anemia Transcriptome Consortium." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3416.3416.
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Abstract FA stem cells and progenitor cells are apoptotic in the ground state and hypersensitive to a variety of extracellular apoptotic cues. The relative lifetime risk of AML or MDS in FA is high and clonal cytogenetic defects are universally found in evolved clones, but the mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis are unknown. The combined influences of genetic instability and high level stem cell apoptosis represents a de-facto selective pressure that in our view favors the emergence of more resistant stem cell clones. Predictions of this model are: (1) Non clonal FA progenitor cells (FAwt) are hypersensitive to apoptotic cues but FA progenitors derived from cytogenetically abnormal clones (FAclon) will be resistant, (2) anti-apoptotic events that attend cytogenetic clonal evolution should interdict precisely those apoptotic pathways activated by FA gene mutations, and (3) Key transcripts differentially expressed in the normal (N) vs. FAwt comparison should normalize (ie. should register as "no change") in the N vs. FAclon comparison. Preliminary studies support the first 2 predictions (Lensch et al, Leukemia, 1999 and Haneline et al, Blood, 2003). To further test the adaptive model, we compared transcriptomes of 41 low density bone marrow cell samples: (11 normal volunteers [N], 9 FAclon [marrow replaced [>75%] by cells bearing clonal cytogenetic defects] and 21 FAwt [no cytogenetic abnormalities]). RNA was prepared in the participating institutions and shipped to Portland on dry ice. Complementary DNA and cRNA was prepared, cRNA fragments labeled for use as targets of the probes in the human U133A Affymetrix chip. MAS 5.0 was utilized to process images, quantify signals, adjust background, and to scale the data. A linear mixed model was used for inter-chip normalization. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and multidimensional scaling (MDS) distinguished N from FAwt samples but FAclon fell within the mathematical space defined by the N RNA. Of 17,044 genes tested, 1,430 were expressed differentially (FDR adjusted p <0.05, fold change ≥2) between N and FAwt samples. Differences did not derive from changes in cell lineages from case-to-case, and did not vary between geographical sites and were not linked to particular complementation groups. 659 transcripts were UP in FAwt (vs. N), but 587 of these were not UP in FAclon (vs N). The two dominant over-represented (p<0.01) ontologies (biological process) of the 659 genes were apoptosis and transcriptional control. 771 transcripts were DN in FAwt (vs. N) but 734 of these were not DN in the FAclon vs. N comparison. Dominant ontologies included cell proliferation, and responses to biotic stimuli. Our state assessment of FA bone marrow cells has defined a transcriptomal difference between and FAwt and normal cells and reveals that only 5-10% of these differentially expressed genes are differentially expressed between normal and FAclon cells. These observations support the notion that cytogenetically marked clones evolve adaptively from initially pro-apoptotic stem cells.
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Honcharenko, Oksana, and Irina Ostapenko. "INSTITUTIONAL ENSURING THE FORMATION OF INNOVATIVE BUSINESS IN UKRAINE." ECONOMIC BULLETIN OF THE DNIPROVSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 1(4) (September 28, 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2709-2879.2022iss1(4).264498pp7-13.
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The key trends in the formation of innovative business and institutional support for the spread of organizational innovations are substantiated.
It has been established that in the national economy, the elements of institutional support for innovative business are regulated by various legal norms and are not characterized by systematicity, additions, changes and amendments are constantly made to the basic legal norms throughout the period of validity.
The evolutionary and institutional limitations of the development of organizational innovations and innovative business in the national economy are defined. It was established that the promising trajectory for innovative business is determined by such determinants as the formation of the global macrosystem; changes in the development of business strategies; political and social situation in the economy; ontological features of the fiscal system; the format of changes and features of the interaction between authorities and business entities; the development of network interactions of market participants; innovative state and development of business-oriented models and strategies.The importance of taking into account the specific evolutionary factors of the development of the national economy, which influence the formation of organizational innovations, is argued. The downward dynamics of the integrated innovation indices, which are proposed according to the criteria and characteristics of the influence of the current formal norms and the state of development of innovation processes in the economy, have been established.Argued key directions of institutional support of innovative business: cooperation of educational institutions and industry in the field of development and research; expansion of the share of exports in the field of information and communication technologies; increase in the efficiency of activity and the number of innovative enterprises; growth of output with a greater share of added value.Emphasis is placed on the instability of the institutional support of innovation processes, which does not contribute to the action of the built-in elements of restrictions, restraints and counterbalances and does not ensure the stabilization of effective regulatory impulses.It was established that the limited financial and institutional capacity of the state, as a key institution, does not contribute to the mobilization of resources and scientific potential to support fundamental and applied research, the implementation of the innovation process. Emphasis is placed on the importance of implementing measures that will contribute to the formation of an institutional environment for the development of organizational innovations.Theoretical and methodological provisions deepen the practical foundations of institutional support for innovative development of the national economy and innovative business.
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Pau, Stefano. "Paiches, huanganas e isangos. Repensar el antropoceno a través de la literatura oral y escrita amazónica peruana." Altre Modernità, no. 26 (November 29, 2021): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2035-7680/16688.
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RESUMEN: Tomando como punto de partida las reflexiones de estudiosos como Philippe Descola o Boaventura de Sousa Santos sobre la necesidad de repensar las relaciones entre humanos y no-humanos, con el fin de buscar alternativas al proceso autodestructivo conocido con el controvertido nombre de Antropoceno, parece oportuno dirigir la mirada hacia la selva amazónica. En efecto, el espacio amazónico es “altamente transformacional” (Rivière) y se vive en él una frecuente inestabilidad ontológica que difumina las fronteras entre las especies. Las narraciones de las vivencias de los animales, por ejemplo, no son usadas solo como simbolización de algún antagonismo o desequilibrio social, sino que son frecuentemente percibidas como realidades. En el artículo, enmarcado en el ámbito de los estudios ecocríticos, se creará un diálogo entre algunos relatos orales –cuyos protagonistas son animales– y la novela del pintor y escritor peruano César Calvo de Araújo titulada Paiche (1963), nombre que es, además, el de uno de los mayores peces de los ríos amazónicos. A través de estas creaciones de literatura oral y escrita se reflexionará sobre el tema de los desequilibrios sociales y de la conciencia de clase como medio para repensar cómo habitar la Tierra.
ABSTRACT: Taking as a starting point the considerations of scholars such as Philippe Descola and Boaventura de Sousa Santos on the need to rethink the relations between humans and non-humans in order to seek alternatives to the self-destructive process known by the controversial label of the Anthropocene, it seems appropriate to look at the Amazon rainforest. Indeed, the Amazonian space is “highly transformational” (Rivière), and there is a frequent ontological instability that blurs the boundaries between species. Narratives of animal experiences, for example, are not only used as a symbolisation of some antagonism or social inequality, but are often perceived as realities. In this article, framed in the field of ecocritical studies, a dialogue will be created between some oral stories whose protagonists are animals and the novel by the Peruvian painter and writer César Calvo de Araújo entitled Paiche (1963), which is also the name of one of the largest fish in the Amazonian rivers. Through these creations of oral and written literature, we will reflect on the theme of social inequalities and class consciousness as a means of rethinking how to inhabit the Earth.
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Gupta, Asmita, Vasanth Kumar Mandla, Pratyusha Bala, and Murali Dharan Bashyam. "Abstract 751: Transcriptome profiling reveals novel gene fusions in early-onset sporadic rectal cancer." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-751.
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Abstract Implementation of regular screening and adoption of a healthier lifestyle has resulted in a steady decline of colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the USA over the past few decades. On the contrary, early-onset sporadic rectal cancer (EOSRC) has exhibited an opposite trend in the more recent past. In addition, EOSRC appears to be the predominant CRC subtype in developing nations where CRC incidence has risen significantly during the past 2 decades. Our previous work revealed the absence of canonical CRC tumorigenesis pathways including Wnt (Wingless, Int-1) activation and mismatch repair inactivation in a significant proportion of EOSRC cases. More importantly, we revealed the enrichment of Ca2+/NFAT signaling leading to chromosomal instability in samples devoid of Wnt activation besides identifying ARID2 as a novel tumor suppressor for EOSRC. In order to improve our understanding of EOSRC driver events, we endeavored to characterize the landscape of gene fusions (GFs); given that the latter provide an attractive druggable target. To this end, we performed paired-end RNA Sequencing on 37 carefully selected and well annotated microsatellite stable EOSRC samples. We employed in silico prediction algorithms viz. FusionCatcher, SOAPFuse and EricScript to identify GFs after removing those predicted (GTEx and ConjoinG databases) to occur in normal tissues. The GFs were further filtered based on read support and identification through at least 2 of the 3 algorithms and validated using reverse transcription PCR and Sanger sequencing. Overall, we identified several known (EIF3E-RSPO2, NCEH1-SPATA16) and novel GFs that arose as inter- or intra-chromosomal events. Computational analyses revealed selective enrichment of Gene Ontologies (GOs) in the 5’- (as compared to 3’-) gene partners which differed from GOs enriched in GFs identified from the TCGA CRC data. More importantly, we analyzed the potential role of chromatin architecture in determining the fusion breakpoints. Analysis of CRC Hi-C data revealed that a majority of EOSRC GFs arose from genes located in open chromatin regions. Interestingly, fusions between 5’ ‘open’ and 3’ ‘closed’ partners often resulted in transcriptional activation of the latter revealing a novel mode of oncogenic activation in cancer. Further analyses to correlate the predicted fusion breakpoints with topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries as well as with common fragile sites (CFSs) that associate with transcription-replication collision are currently ongoing. Validation of potential oncogenic role of few selected GFs using CRC cell lines and nude mice xenografts is also underway. The study is expected to provide significant insights into the patterns of genomic rearrangements in EOSRC besides highlighting the critical role GFs might play in propagating tumorigenesis in CRC. Citation Format: Asmita Gupta, Vasanth Kumar Mandla, Pratyusha Bala, Murali Dharan Bashyam. Transcriptome profiling reveals novel gene fusions in early-onset sporadic rectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 751.
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Krysovatyy, Andriy, Roman Zvarych, Iryna Zvarych, Ihor Krysovatyy, and Kateryna Krysovata. "Methodological architectonics of inclusive circular economy for eco-security of society under pandemic." Economic Annals-ХХI 184, no. 7-8 (September 10, 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v184-01.
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The transition from a linear to a circular economy is determined by the change in the positioning of global risks from year to year, which determines the vectors of such changes. Thus, the main risks for 2020 are those related to the environment and occupying the first positions in the rating for the last three years (in particular, in 2019, the risk of extreme weather events). The gradual increase in awareness of this risk has led to a change in the sentiment of both producers and consumers. Experts assessed climate change as a major risk in 2019, outpacing cyberattacks, financial instability and terrorism. Thus, to mitigate this risk in 2020 and future periods, the global business community should implement circular «designs», reducing resource use and prioritizing low carbon materials. The potential effects of the transition to a circular economy on greenhouse gas emissions are significant, mainly achieved by improving resource efficiency, increasing the useful life of buildings and assets, increasing recycling and reuse, and completely reducing primary raw material use. Thus, the circular economy can be seen as an effective strategy for promoting climate change mitigation. The poly-paradigmatic nature of economic knowledge from the standpoint of the existential nature of the imperatives of economic development in the context of responsibility to the global future causes certain paradigm shifts, and greening is the mainstream and imperative that reflects the heterodox beginning of the theorico-cyclological methodology. Multidisciplinary epistemological perspective for the analysis of economic phenomena from the standpoint of the new pragmatism in the context of the «triad» of sustainability (economic, social and ecological components), distinguishes the humanitarianism of economic science and positions «in the foreground» the role of values in the economic activity of people and society (acceleration of exploitation of natural resources; climate change; the formation of a new environmental order; environmental and food security) and the dominant paradigm formation (exceeding the environmental limit; Paris agreement; changing public sentiment of fossil producers and businesses; global economic losses; UN sustainable development goals with strong circular practices; WTO involvement in supporting new technologies, minimizing waste production and promoting circular trade). The methodological features of the paradigm of the global inclusive circular economy from the standpoint of postmodernism are the strengthening of socio-humanistic orientations (reflecting its ideology and creating the basis for an inclusive-oriented society); ontological nonlinearity (emphasizes circularity); consensus (the need for a global consensus to achieve a goal) emulated using the economic-mathematical method. According to the proposed methodological approach, the integrated index of development of the global inclusive circular economy has been calculated for 28 countries of the world, Includig Germany, USA, China and South Africa. We substantiate the conceptual provisions of the theoretical and methodological model of the global inclusive circular economy, namely: system characteristics (sustainable development; stability; inclusive growth; expanding opportunities for equity; equal access to resources and distribution of benefits) and the principles of circular self-organization (conservation of resources for future and rationalization of their use; counteraction of management dysfunction), determined by criterion constraints of corporate culture, communications in global value chains, dominance of linear economy, unformed circular value of goods and low quality of recycled products, limited implementation of institutional, informational, financial, financial pilot circular business projects and programs. Our approach made it possible to substantiate the basic concepts of forming a paradigm of the global inclusive circular economy: global value chains (supply of secondary raw materials), sharing platforms, circular trade, circular product life cycle, circular cities and circular cores.
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He, Jie, Natallia Kalinava, Parul Doshi, Jie Ma, Dean C. Pavlick, Lee A. Albacker, Hanna Tukachinsky, et al. "Abstract 2139: Evaluation of tissue- and plasma-derived tumor mutational burden and genomic alterations of interest from the CheckMate 848 clinical trial." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2139.
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Abstract Tumor mutational burden (TMB) derived from tissue biopsies (tTMB) has been associated with clinical efficacy in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors; the clinical utility of TMB derived from blood samples (bTMB) has also been demonstrated but is less widely studied. Little is known about the concordance between tissue- and blood-derived genomic assessments and the factors that contribute to their discordance, underlying the need for further investigation of sequence alteration profiles for successful adoption of noninvasive tumor profiling. We explored the genomic landscape, including concordance between tTMB and bTMB, in samples from patients who were screened for enrollment into CheckMate 848, a prospective, phase 2 study of nivolumab plus ipilimumab and nivolumab monotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors with high TMB (NCT03668119). Of 1954 screened patients, 212 were randomized, with a cap of 15% per tumor type. Tissue- (FoundationOne® CDx—based Clinical Trial Assay) and blood-based (Foundation Medicine bTMB Clinical Trial Assay) genomic data were utilized for analysis of genomic variants, tTMB, and bTMB. In total, 1438 unique tissue and 1720 unique plasma samples were analyzed during trial screening (June 2021 database lock). Of over 100 screened disease ontologies (taken from the tissue diagnosis), pancreatic (9.7%), breast (8.8%), and ovarian (6.1%) cancers, as well as cholangiocarcinoma (5.2%), were the most common. A total of 1141 tissue and 1573 plasma samples passed established quality control criteria, resulting in ascertainment levels of 79.3% for tTMB and 91.5% for bTMB. A correlation between tTMB and bTMB scores was identified across 1017 tissue and plasma sample pairs (Spearman’s r, 0.48; P < 0.0001). Median (range) tTMB and bTMB were 3.8 (0—452.6) and 3.5 (0—1027.5) mutations per megabase (mut/Mb), respectively. High microsatellite instability (MSI) was detected in 25 (2.5%) MSI-evaluable tissue samples; in these patients, median tTMB was 25.2 mut/Mb. At the prespecified cutoff of 10 mut/Mb, 15.8% and 20.7% of samples had high tTMB and bTMB, respectively; the positive (PPA), negative, and overall percentage agreements between assays were 60%, 88%, and 84%, respectively. TMB correlation (Spearman’s r, 0.54; P < 0.0001) and PPA (66%) were improved among 806 (79.3%) sample pairs with plasma maximum somatic allele frequency ≥ 1%. In CheckMate 848, data from paired biopsies revealed the complementary nature of TMB assessments from tissue and blood, suggesting that both approaches may have the potential to identify high mutational burden in samples obtained from patients with advanced solid tumors. Further interrogation of the biological and analytical factors affecting tumor- and blood-derived genomic profiling is warranted to support their implementation in clinical settings. Citation Format: Jie He, Natallia Kalinava, Parul Doshi, Jie Ma, Dean C. Pavlick, Lee A. Albacker, Hanna Tukachinsky, Gina Fusaro, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, George Green, David Fabrizio, Jonathan Baden. Evaluation of tissue- and plasma-derived tumor mutational burden and genomic alterations of interest from the CheckMate 848 clinical trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2139.
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Tsukamoto, Taku, Masakazu Nakano, Ryuichi Sato, Hiroko Adachi, Miki Kiyota, Satoru Yasukawa, Shotaro Tatekawa, et al. "More Somatic Mutations Including Those in the Aid-Motif with High-Risk, Histologically Non-Transformed Follicular Lymphomas." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4116.4116.
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Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most prevalent among indolent subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. While the histologic transformation associates with disease aggressiveness in variant FL, a minor population of non-transformed FL patients also shows a shorter period for disease control despite the use of rituximab (Rit) immunochemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the clinical and genetic features of high-risk non-transformed FL. With the median follow-up period of 61 months for 103 consecutively treated patients with histologically non-transformed FL including 85 patients treated with the first-line Rit-containing therapies and 18 with watch and wait, the 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of the entire cohort were 93.3% and 54.4%, respectively. Chemotherapy was initiated according to the GELF criteria. Although neither FLIPI nor FLIPI2 sufficiently predicted the risks for either OS or PFS, the presence of two extranodal involvements, including peripheral blood (PB) (N=7, p=0.006) and/or bone (N=6, p=0.007), at diagnosis were found to be significantly associated with poor PFS, but not OS, in our cohort. Indeed, 13 high-risk patients with PB and/or bone involvements at diagnosis showed a significantly shorter median PFS of 27.2 months compared with that of the 90 standard-risk patients, who have not yet reached the median (p<0.001). Other factor, including age, performance status, disease stage, histologic grade, laboratory tests etc., showed no prognostic impact in our cohort. Next, to determine the genetic characteristics of the high-risk subset of FLs, we randomly selected 14 FLs, including 5 high- and 9 standard-risk FLs according to our disease-risk criteria, and performed whole exome sequencing analysis of 14 tumor samples at diagnosis with matched germline samples. The mean numbers of total mutated genes in the high-risk and in the standard-risk groups were 190 and 138 (p=0.04), respectively, and the mean numbers of genes with non-synonymous mutations were 52 and 39 (p=0.06), respectively. To investigate the consequence of multiple mutational processes, we analyzed the profiles of substitution subtypes including flanking bases in the mutated genes and identified a CG>TG substitution to be the most common mutational signature, while there was no difference with regard to the composition of the signature between the high- and standard-risk FLs. "Kataegis", a pattern of clustered hypermutations, was observed mostly in the target motif of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), recurrently on chromosome 2p12 (involving the IGK locus), 14q32 (IGH), 18q21 (BCL2), 21p11, and 22q11 (IGLL). The mean number of C>T mutations in the AID-motif was significantly increased in the high-risk FLs over that in the standard-risk FLs (17 vs. 11, p=0.02), whereas there was no difference in the mean number of mutations in the target motif of APOBEC, which is considered to be the major driving agent responsible for kataegis in various solid cancers, between the two risk groups (8 vs. 7, p=0.49). For functional assessment of mutated genes, CREBBP and TNFRSF14 mutations were identified as the driver mutations of FL regardless of the disease risk using background mutation rate analysis. Hypergeometric test on all of the non-synonymous mutated genes from 14 FLs resulted in 71 significantly enriched gene ontologies (GOs), including the terms "cell development and differentiation", "regulation of cell death", "immunity mediated by lymphocytes, including B cells", "hematopoiesis", and "differentiation of leukocytes, including lymphocytes". In addition, pathway analysis demonstrated that mutated genes were enriched in the Notch and B cell receptor signaling pathways. However, we were not able to identify GOs or signaling pathways specific to the high-risk FL patients that could explain the different outcomes of the disease. Non-synonymous mutations in the high-risk FLs were found in genes, such as MEF2B and FUBP1, and were suggested to be associated with cancer aggressiveness, but not with the AID pathway. Overall, our results suggested that genomic instability, which allows for the emergence of distinct mutations not only by kataegis due to AID activity but also by additional mechanisms that increase mutations, underlies development of the high-risk phenotype in FLs. Disclosures Kuroda: Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria.
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Gudyma, Іgor. "ACCIDENT IN THE SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE: IDEOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 17, no. 1 (2021): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2021.17.6.
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In the article the author's attention is focused on modern scientific interpretations of the phenomenon of chance. The author also focused on the generalization of the results of research by scientists of nonlinear processes of self-organization of complex systems. The main goal of the article is to study the phenomenon of the so-called "nonlinear thinking" in science. Of particular interest was the philosophical assessment of the very subject of this thinking. The author tried to reveal the essence in the interpretation of statistical laws. He also sought to prove that these patterns represent a more fundamental aspect of reality than the laws of dynamics. The choice of the topic of the article, the application of its theoretical and methodological approaches is determined by the very subject of thought and the nature of the tasks. So it turned out that many dynamical systems – physical, chemical, biological – fall under nonlinear dynamic equations. Here they are quite predictable. However, they become unpredictable if they appear at the macro level. After all, individual systems are considered "normal" and function according to deterministic laws only up to a certain time. This is the period between situations of bifurcation. Here their "behavior" can be fully predicted. However, in their own development, they can come to certain extreme changes. To overcome them further, two variants of the quality state appear. Each of them can happen first. This happens when an object passes through so-called tipping points. It is impossible to predict which variant will achieve ontological legitimation. The object experiences microwaves between the two physical alternatives for some time. But with an increase in the value of the key parameter of one of the alternatives, further complication of the state occurs. This process is a sequential bifurcation, similar to the alternation of two existing states. It is characterized by periods of instability. In this case, it is impossible to predict the state of development of the object. Here, as you know, "His Majesty the case" enters the scene. The case in such systems cannot be neglected. After all, here the relationship between necessity and chance, between fluctuations and deterministic algorithms, is different than in a stationary environment. Not far from the bifurcation nodes, micro-fluctuations or chances reign supreme. Whereas in the distance there is a deterministic order of things. Even more effective is the study of the phenomenon of non-determinism in relation to the space-time models of the behavior of systems. Through scientific research, it has been reliably established that at the bifurcation points of such a medium, successive microchanges reach large values. Their scale is sometimes compared to the system itself. Here the system changes due to fluctuations, up to the appearance of a new quality. A deep understanding of the significance of the new style of scientific thinking is closely related to a radical revision of the idea of self- organization of matter in nature. This ability to change has previously been studied only in the framework of macroscopic statistical equilibrium states. This is a new style of scientific thinking and a new picture of the world. They are related to the study of nonlinear and unbalanced open systems. All this demonstrates a non-trivial understanding of matter itself and its ability to self-organize. Matter takes on new forms of existence. Their appearance is due to their own internal forces and properties of matter itself. The worldview generalizations of such discoveries are important here. After all, they allow you to see the world more clearly, which is self-organizing as a single whole and is at different levels of its existence. The generalized results of studying the topic give grounds to draw the following conclusion. The subject of the new style of scientific thinking is the nonlinear processes of self-organization of matter. This style of thinking, as well as the discoveries of nonlinear natural science, allow us to understand the nature of the surrounding world in a new way. Namely – the ability of a substance to self-organize as a whole and at various levels of its own being. This is due to the internal forces and properties of this world. However, to fully understand the nature of this world, it is necessary to comprehend randomness. After all, it is precisely chance that is an essential part of reality. That is, randomness is that part of reality that gives a more perfect picture of the surrounding world.
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Hudyma, І. "THE PHENOMENON OF NONLINEAR THINKING IN SCIENCE." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: Philosophy, culture studies, sociology 10, no. 20 (2020): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-20-7-14.
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In the article, the author’s attention is focused on modern scientific interpretations of the phenomenon of non-determinism. The author also focused on generalizing the results of the study by scientists of nonlinear processes of self-organization of complex systems. The main objective of this article is to study the phenomenon of the so-called “non-linear thinking” in science. Of particular interest was the philosophical assessment of the very subject of this thinking. The author tried to reveal the essence in the interpretation of statistical laws. He also sought to prove that these patterns represent a more fundamental aspect of reality than dynamic laws. The choice of the topic of the article, the application of its theoretical and methodological approaches are determined by the very subject of thought and the nature of the tasks set. The following methods of cognition were used in the article: general philosophical, special general scientific theoretical methods. The author followed the principle of objectivity, applied causal analysis. So it turned out that many dynamical systems - physical, chemical, biological - fall under nonlinear dynamic equations. Here they are entirely predictable. However, they become unpredictable if they appear at the macro level. After all, individual systems are considered “normal” and function in accordance with deterministic laws only up to a certain time. This is the period between situations of bifurcation. Here their “behavior” can be fully predicted. However, in their own development, they can come to certain extreme changes. To further overcome them, two options for the state of quality appear. Each of them can happen first. This happens when the object passes through the so-called critical points. It is impossible to predict which variant will achieve ontological legitimation. For some time, the object experiences microfluctuations between the two physical alternatives. But with an increase in the value of the key parameter of one of the alternatives, further complication of the state occurs. This process is a sequential bifurcation, like the alternation of two existing states. It is characterized by periods of instability. In this case, it is impossible to predict the state of development of the object. Even more effective is the study of the phenomenon of non-determinism in relation to space-time models of the behavior of systems. By means of scientific research, it was reliably established that at the points of bifurcation of such an environment, successive microchanges reach large values. Their scale is sometimes compared to the system itself. Here the system changes due to fluctuations, up to the appearance of a new quality. In modern cosmological concepts, the results of the study of nonequilibrium systems are fully used. Mainly in the field of verification of the new hypothesis of cosmogenesis. Scientists hypothesize that the universe was in extremely nonequilibrium states in the first moments of Planck's time. If it were otherwise, then the Universe at the dawn of its own formation would be in a state of equilibrium. Then, according to the law of action of the masses, a quantitative equality of matter and antimatter would arise. Therefore, in opposition of matter and antimatter, equal amounts of them would annihilate each other. A deep understanding of the significance of the new style of scientific thinking is closely related to a radical revision of the idea of self-organization of matter in nature. This ability to change was previously studied only within the limits of macroscopic statistical equilibrium states. This is a new style of scientific thinking and the resulting new picture of the world. They are related to the study of nonlinear and unbalanced open systems. All this demonstrates a non-trivial understanding of matter itself and its ability to self-organize. Matter takes on new forms of existence. Their appearance is due to their own internal forces and the properties of matter itself. Here, worldview generalizations of such discoveries are important. After all, they allow you to more clearly see the world, which is self-organizing as a whole and at different levels of its existence. The generalized results of studying the topic give grounds for the following conclusion. The subject of the new style of scientific thinking is the nonlinear processes of selforganization of matter. This style of thinking, as well as the discoveries of non-linear natural science, make it possible to understand the nature of the surrounding world in a new way. Namely - the ability of a substance to self-organize as a whole and at various levels of its own being. This is due to the internal forces and properties of this world
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Marini, Marisol, Marko Monteiro, and Jenny Slatman. "Multiplicidade e instabilidade ontológica nos corações não-humanos." Saúde e Sociedade 31, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902022220045pt.
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Resumo O artigo reflete sobre as relações entre corpos biológicos e artefatos tecnológicos, a partir da pesquisa etnográfica sobre o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de assistência circulatória, conhecidas como corações artificiais. Para compreender as corporeidades que tais dispositivos mecânicos ajudam a produzir, buscamos aqui caracterizar dois tipos de corpos instituídos a partir de práticas médicas e biotecnologias projetadas para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca avançada. Os corpos imunológicos, produzidos a partir dos transplantes de coração, serão contrastados aos corpos biônicos, compostos pelo arranjo com corações artificiais. Propomos que é preciso considerar que cada uma dessas tecnologias se coproduz com distintas naturezas, sustentadas em materialidades, práticas, moralidades e pressupostos específicos. A atenção dada às práticas e à materialidade permitirá destacar os diversos entrelaçamentos materiais-semióticos. Resgatar a trajetória de desenvolvimento desse campo nos permitirá explorar o imaginário a partir do qual tais intervenções emergem, assim como as transformações ocorridas, ressaltando o vínculo ao corpo-máquina tecido no âmbito biomédico.
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Marini, Marisol, Marko Monteiro, and Jenny Slatman. "Multiplicity and ontological instability in nonhuman hearts." Saúde e Sociedade 31, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-12902022220045en.
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Abstract This paper reflects on the relationship between biological bodies and technological artifacts, based on ethnographic research on the development of circulatory assist technologies, known as artificial hearts. To understand the embodiment that such mechanical devices help to produce, we aim to characterize two types of bodies enacted from medical practices and biotechnologies designed for patients with advanced heart failure. The immunological bodies, produced from heart transplantation, will be contrasted with the bionic bodies, composed of the assembly with artificial hearts. We propose that it is necessary to consider each of these technologies as co-produced with different natures, supported by specific materialities, practices, moralities and assumptions. The attention given to practices and materiality will allow to highlight the various material-semiotic intertwinings. Tracing the development trajectory of this field will allow exploring the imagination from which such interventions emerge and the transformations that have occurred, emphasizing the link to the body-machine woven in the biomedical scope.
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Finocchiaro, Peter. "Puzzle About Parsimony." Dialectica, November 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48106/dial.v74.i4.04.
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In this paper, I argue for the instability of an increasingly popular position about how metaphysicians ought to regard parsimony. This instability is rooted in an unrecognized tension between two claims. First, we as metaphysicians ought to minimize the number of ontological kinds we posit. Second, it is not the case that we ought to minimize the number of ideological expressions we employ, especially when those expressions are of the same ideological kind (e.g. the compositional predicates "is a part of" and "overlaps"). I argue that the two claims are in tension with one other. At the very least, minimizing the number of ontological kinds posited entails minimizing the number of expressions employed---more specifically, the "ontologically committing" predicates. But, plausibly, the tension runs deeper than that. I suggest that minimizing the number of ontological kinds just is a specific way of minimizing the number of ideological expressions employed in stating a theory. The two activities target the same aspect of reality, the world's metaphysical structure. I end by evaluating three different responses to this puzzle. Ultimately, I suggest that metaphysicians should treat the minimization of the number of ideological expressions as more important than it currently is treated.
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., Zhilina V. A. "Intercultural Communication in the Cultural Dimension." KnE Social Sciences, March 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i5.6506.
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The article deals with the problem of intercultural communication as an autonomous phenomenon in culture. In the analysis of the terminological instability of the definition of this phenomenon, the structuring of its ontological characteristics is proposed. Intercultural communication is defined in the characteristics of the communicative subject. The role of intercultural communications in the symbolic world of human existence is proved.
Keywords: subject, culture, intercultural communication, language, myth, art, religion
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Dillon, Michael. "Epilogue The Scandal of the Refugee: Some peflections on the "Inter" of International Relations." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees, December 1, 1998, 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.21998.
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The refugee is a scandal for philosophy in that the refugee recalls the radical instability of meaning and the incalculability of the human. The refugee is a scandal for politics also, however, in that the advent of the refugee is always a reproach to the formation of the political order subjectivity which necessarily gives rise to the refugee. The scandal is intensified for any politics of identity which presupposes that the goal of politics is the realization of sovereign identity. The principal argument, then, is that what I will call the scandal of the refugee illuminates both the fundamental ontological determinations of international politics and the character of political action, because the refugee is both a function of the intentional political destruction of the ontological horizons of people's always already heterogeneous worlds, and effects an equally fundamental deconstruction of the ontological horizons which constitute the equally heterogeneous worlds into which, as refugees, these people are precipitated. It is precisely on this concrete and corporeal site that both the ontological horizons and the allied political decision-making of modern politics are thrown into stark relief and profoundly called into question. For it is precisely here that the very actions of modern politics both create and address the incidence of its own massive and self-generated, political abjection. If that is one of the principal ends of international relations, one is forced to ask, what does it take as its beginning? If, in other words, the vernacular political architecture of modern international power commonly produces 1:115 forcibly displaced people globally, one is inclined to ask about the foundations upon which that architecture is itself based.