Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Inspiration in literature'
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Bauge, Jessica M. "Clutch." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12080/.
Full textSandlén, Stina. "Inspiration och lust till skapande." Thesis, Umeå University, Creative Studies (Teacher Education), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-469.
Full textI denna uppsats tar jag upp hur man kan inspirera och skapa lust till slöjdande för eleverna i skolan. Jag tycker att det är betydelsefullt att man som lärare vet vad som skapar lust hos eleverna och att man kan sporra alla i skolan. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur jag som lärare ska inspirera och få eleverna intresserade av slöjd. För att få fram information har jag intervjuat hemslöjdskonsulenten i Skellefteå samt läst pedagogiska böcker, styrdokumenten och sökt information på Internet. Jag har funnit att det är leken och fantasin som inspirerar barn och ungdomar till slöjdande, samt att jag som lärare måste skapa förutsättningar för att slöjden ska vara lustfylld för alla. Slöjden är viktig i skolan för att barnen tränar sin motoriska förmåga och man får använda båda hjärnhalvorna, vilket leder till bättre resultat i övriga ämnen också. Jag har kommit fram till att det är handens enkla arbete som skapar kreativitet och lust hos barn och ungdomar.
McHugh, Kathleen Potthoff. "The Muses and Creative Inspiration: Homer to Milton." UNF Digital Commons, 1993. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/85.
Full textPellis, Vivien C., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Inspiration and Mimesis in Plato's criticism of poetry." Deakin University. School of Social Inquiry, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.124541.
Full textBauge, Jessica M. Bond Bruce. "Clutch." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12080.
Full textSegarra, Elena. "Dark Journeys: Robert Frost's Dantean Inspiration." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1021.
Full textKozlova, Yulia V. "Sources of inspiration in selected piano works by Sergei Slonimsky." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117574266.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 103 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-103). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Tegtmeyer, Ute. "Heat : a short-story as inspiration for a design methodology." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1210537.
Full textDepartment of Architecture
Wirdelöv, Irene. "Läsa, läsa, läsa – skriva, skriva, skriva." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2568.
Full textSeal, Sarah E. "Finding Inspiration in Darkness: The Exploration of Obscurity in Romanticism through the Works of Lord Byron and Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/364.
Full textVon, Solms Charlayn Imogen. "Ingenuity's engine : an overview of the history and development of the concept of the muse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16468.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: "The growth of any discipline depends on the ability to communicate and develop ideas, and this in turn relies on a language which is sufficiently detailed and flexible" (Singh 1997: 59). Many metaphors relating to creativity are too misleading, confusing, and restricted in scope for a meaningful exploration of the phenomenon and its fluctuating social and cultural contexts. Given the Muse's long-term association with literature, philosophy, education, and more recently, the fine arts and other "creative" fields, an analysis of this concept may provide a unique opportunity to gain insight into the "mechanisms" underlying the creative process. Since affiliation with the Muse appears to have signalled attainment of critical cultural and/or social status by cultural practitioners in various societies, from the ancient to the present (a category which was broadened substantially), it is thus logical to assume this concept encompasses and has accumulated characteristics particular to the creative process as historically and currently valued in Western culture. Given the limited scope of the thesis, I have focused on specific concerns: 1) Provide an overview of the history, origin and development of the concept via specific examples ranging from antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern. 2) Assess the changes which have occurred in the development of the concept, and postulate likely causes: such as for example, the impact of an increased focus on the visual - and by extension, the physical - due to a more literate populace, on a concept originally conceived of as experienced through predominantly audial means. 3) Identify closely related concepts, the characteristics of which may have played a role in the formulation of the initial concept, along with those integrated into it, to form the modern version of the Muse: examples include the influence of the myth of Pygmalion on notions regarding the poet's relationship with both material and Muse; and the consequences of an amalgamation of characteristics of Aphrodite with those of the pastoral Muse. 4) Explore the extent to which the Muse-poet interaction can reveal fundamental aspects of the creative process and its main components: the differences between the public invocation and experience of the Muse in an oral context, as opposed to the privately experienced Muse of the literate poet; also, the changes imposed on the concept's perceived means of functioning due to its extension to the practice of the visual arts; and the correlation between the Jungian notion of the anima and aspects of the Muse. 5) Postulate the fundamental aspects of the creative process as revealed by analysis of the concept of the Muse for further investigation. In brief then, the main intention of this thesis is simply to examine by analysis of particular examples, the feasibility of applying the concept of the Muse as metaphor through which to identify for further exploration, issues and themes relating to the production and changes in social assessment of creative enterprises.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "The growth of any discipline depends on the ability to communicate and develop ideas, and this in turn relies on a language which is sufficiently detailed and flexible" (Singh 1997: 59). Menige metafore verbonde aan kreatiwiteit is te misleidend, verwarrend, of beperk in omvang vir 'n betekenisvolle ondersoek van díe verskynsel en die fluktueerende sosiale en kulturele kontekste daarvan. Gesien in die lig van die Muse se langtermyn assosiasie met letterkunde, filosofie, opvoedkunde en meer onlangs, the skone kunste en ander "kreatiewe" velde, mag 'n analise van die konsep moontlik 'n unieke geleentheid bied om insig te verkry in die onderliggende "meganismes" van die kreatiewe proses. Aangesien affiliasie met die Muse blyk om die bereiking van kritiese kulturele en/of sosiale status, deur kulturele praktisyne in verskeie samelewings, van die antieke tot die huidige ('n kategorie wat aansienlik uitgebou is) aan te dui, is dit dus logies om te aanvaar dat die konsep alomvattend is van eienskappe kenmerkend van die kreatiewe proses, soos geskiedkundig en huidig op prys gestel in die Westerse kultuur. Gegewe die beperkte bestek van die tesis, is gefokus op spesifieke kwessies: 1) Verskaf 'n oorsig van die geskiedenis, oorsprong, en ontwikkeling van die konsep deur spesifieke voorbeelde, in omvang vanaf die antieke, die middeleuse periode, en die moderne. 2) Evalueer die veranderinge wat voorgekom het in die ontwikkeling van die konsep, en veronderstel moontlike redes daarvoor: soos byvoorbeeld, die impak van vermeerderde fokus op die visuele - en daarby die fisiese - as gevolg van 'n meer geletterde bevolking, op 'n konsep wat aanvanklik hoofsaaklik ouditief ondervind is. 3) Identifiseer verwante konsepte, die eienskappe waarvan moontlik 'n rol kon gespeel het in die formulasie van die aanvanklike konsep, asook die wat daarby geintegreer is, om die moderne weergawe van die Muse te vorm: voorbeelde sluit in, die invloed van die mite van Pigmalion op begrippe aangaande die digter se verhouding met beide die materiaal en Muse; en die gevolge van 'n samesmelting van Aphrodite se karaktertrekke met die van die pastorale Muse. 4) Ondersoek die mate waartoe die Muse-digter verhouding fundamentele aspekte van die kreatiewe proses en sy hoof komponente kan ontbloot: soos die verskille tussen die publieke invokasie en ervaring van die Muse in 'n verbale konteks, in teenstelling met die geletterde digter wat die Muse privaat ondevind; asook die veranderinge temeegebring op die persepsies aangaande die konsep se funksionering as gevolg van die uitbreiding daarvan tot die visuele kunste; en die korrelasie tussen die Jungiaanse idee van die anima, en aspekte van die Muse. 5) Veronderstel die fundamentele aspekte van die kreatiewe proses, soos ontbloot deur analise van die konsep van die Muse vir verdere ondersoek. Kortliks dan, die hoof voorneme van hierdie tesis is om deur analise van spesifieke voorbeelde, die uitvoerbaarheid te ondersoek om die konsep van die Muse toe te pas as metafoor vir verdere navorsing waardeur kwessies en temas, aangaande die produksie en veranderinge in sosiale waardering van kreatiewe ondernemings, ge-identifiseer kan word.
Wels, Volkhard. "Daniel Heinsius’ neuplatonische Poetik und die „Constitutio tragoediae“ als Kommentar zur aristotelischen „Poetik“." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6911/.
Full textThe paper sketches out Daniel Heinsius' disdain for philology as expressed in his Orationes. It argues that this disdain was founded in Heinsius' neoplatonic poetics with its sacralisation of poetry. In his commentary on the Aristotelian Poetics, the Constitutio tragoediae, Heinsius subordinates the technical knowledge as expressed in the Aristotelian Poetics to the Neoplatonic doctrine of inspiration. By that, he transformed the traditional historical-philological commentary into the new type of technical handbook exemplified by the Constitutio tragoediae.
Tennholt, Bortz Karolina. ""Det är väl min egen lathet, ambition och inspiration som sätter gränser" : En normkritisk genusstudie om engelsklärares val av romaner till litteraturundervisningen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9336.
Full textThompson, Blaire Evan. "A Revolutionary Patience: The Life of a Writer." Malone University Undergraduate Honors Program / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ma1430998273.
Full textFranklin, William Neal. "Awen, Barddas, and the Age of Blake." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278061/.
Full textForsberg, Jacob. "”Inspiration är svårt att finna. Du måste ta den där du hittar den.” : En analys av det medvetna bruket av intertextualitet i Bob Dylans låttexter mellan 1963–65." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48049.
Full textThis essay highlights parts of the complexity in Bob Dylan’s authorship via an analysis of the conscious usage of intertextuality in six songs from three different albums, all from the middle of the 1960’s. It is elucidated that Dylan’s lyrics cannot be simplified as only allusions to Shakespeare and it is shown that the lyrics contains a high level of complexity. The purpose is to display the author’s conscious use of references such as allusions, quotes, euphemisms and satire and show how those supports my thesis. The texts, as they are perceived through intertextuality, shows different connections. Even though the author is complex from the first example to the last, it is shown in this essay that he progresses from referring to the old folk music tradition to alluding to authors such as Edgar Allen Poe, William Blake, Dylan Thomas and Allen Ginsberg in the later examples.
Hoet, Sébastien. "LA CRITIQUE DE LA SUBJECTIVITEDANS L'ŒUVRE DE ROGER MUNIER." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175773.
Full textHolmes, Kimberley Anne. "Inspirations and innovations, the quest for the link between literature, creativity and leadership." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ49188.pdf.
Full textChapuis, Bérengère. "Les symboliques de l’ange dans l’art et la littérature de 1850 à 1950." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040154.
Full textThe angel was never as present as during the modernist era, that is at a time when thereligious figure, in its expression, its form, and even in its substance, its objects, waschallenged by the intense philosophical reflection and by the scientific and technicaldiscoveries stemming from the Enlightenment era. It is this acknowledgement basedon an omnipresence of angels, in nineteenth and twentieth art and literature alike,which led us to ask a simple question – what is the angel a sign of? What does itsymbolize? What meaning may be given its large presence?We have decided, to understand it, to get back to the sources of the angel in order toshed light onto the foundations of that which, quite obviously, establishes itself asone of the most important myths in the present-day imagination. We have alsodecided to show how the mutation from a biblical figure to a profane myth hadmanaged to happen and what were the mechanisms through which thismetamorphosis had taken place; we have also tried to know what was at stake in thisprocess.This study proposes to examine the representations of angels in art and literaturefrom 1850 to 1950 in order to discover how these traditional figures came to becomemodern myths. How can their contemporary representations testify of a newrelationship with the divine ? We'll try to answer this question by studying two majorsymbolics - the inspiring angel and the guardian angel - and by revealing the processin which the angel becomes a personal myth of the individual and especially of thecreator
Schneider, Ulf-Michael. "Propheten der Goethezeit : Sprache, Literatur und Wirkung der Inspirierten /." Göttingen : Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35769268v.
Full textTelechova, Raïssa. "Frontières et rêveries des origines dans l'oeuvre d'Henri Troyat." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2002. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00149220.
Full textIn this thesis, a much eshaustive study is lead on academician Henri Troyat's very important writings output: 107 novels and biographies. This study deals with a novelist view of old Russia which he was able to receive from his family who had a narrow escape from Russia in the early twenties of the twentieth century. He was by then only 9 years old, but he gathered a lot. A second point of view on this author's production is focussed on many tsars and tsareens, so as famous writers and music compositors biography. This thesis aims are to reach to a knowledge of social life, habits, religious customs prevailing in old Russia and that seem to be everlasting now. Parallel between both French and Russian culture is drawn. Henri Troyat is a bicultural as it appears from his writings. Such is the purpose of this study. A glossary, at the end, gathers some very caracterislic russian expressions which are obviously, derived from french whose meanings are different
Telechova, Raïssa. "Frontières et rêveries des origines dans l'oeuvre d'Henri Troyat." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00149220.
Full textShifflett, Alvin Monroe. "A manual to assist persons in developing their inspirational writing skills." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
Full textZinsser-Krys, Saskia [Verfasser]. "The Early Modern Stage-Jew : Heritage, Inspiration, and Concepts – With the first edition of Nathaniel Wiburne’s «Machiavellus» / Saskia Zinsser-Krys." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138919934/34.
Full textStirnweis, Carmen [Verfasser]. "Inspiration und Konstruktion, Mystik und System : Studien zur Rhetorik in der "MORGEN-RÖTE" von Jakob Böhme / Carmen Stirnweis." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028497547/34.
Full textJeffrey, Johnson Kirstin Elizabeth. "Rooted in all its story, more is meant than meets the ear : a study of the relational and revelational nature of George MacDonald's mythopoeic art." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1887.
Full textFolest, Estelle. "Shakespeare et la voix." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00485954.
Full textSalvador, Vélez Gonzalo. "Borges y la Biblia. Presencia de la Biblia en la obra de Jorge Luis Borges." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7447.
Full textThe present work studies the reception of the Bible by Jorge Luis Borges by means of the analysis of his complete work. It consists of three parts. The first one, merely contextual, outlines the literary fortune of the biblical imagery, a question that has occupied to the Anglo-Saxon criticism from the decade of 1980, and concisely attends to the way in which three important authors for Borges Dante, Milton and Blake used the Scriptures in their work. The second one attempts to specify, from the basis of certain biographical information, declarations and writings of Borges, the importance that the Biblical literature had for him and the way it influenced his own poetics. The third one analyzes the literary use of certain characters of the Scriptures by Borges; the analysis reveals that these characters personify in a paradigmatic way some of the central topics of his work, as knowledge, death, time or identity.
"Imagination in Sino-Western comparative perspectives." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887016.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [109]-[115]).
Acknowledgement --- p.1-2
Abstract --- p.3
Preface --- p.4-7
Chapter Chapter 1 --- The Development of Imagination from the Medievals to The Romantics --- p.8-32
Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Chinese Concept of Shen and Liu Xie's Shen-si --- p.33-58
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Image-forming and Imagination in Sino-Western Perspectives --- p.59-87
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Different Functions of Imagination in Comprehending Nature China and the West --- p.88-108
Works Cited
Antonaci, Gama Carolina. "Conflit et complicité : la communauté des femmes chez Clarice Lispector." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24786.
Full textIf there are two words that still call us, summon us, make us dream and at the same time resist in many ways to deliver their "truth", they are community and woman. This thesis strives to bring them closer, to keep them in proximity in referring to the writings of Clarice Lispector. Since the work of the Brazilian writer, composed largely of female characters and narrators, often features women's face-to-face, we examine how these encounters reflect a possible community of women. However, as announced in the title of this study, the community of women in question in Lispector's work is one that exists sporadically oscillating between conflict and complicity. In an attempt to give form and vocabulary to such a community of women, we go through the main theories of the community, especially those developed by Jean-Luc Nancy, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Derrida and Roland Barthes as well as some theories of feminism. Then we explore concepts that "provoke" the emergence of the community of women as repetition, rhythm, inspiration and gift. Ultimately, this summary could have had only one sentence, one sentence that sums up the whole thesis: the community of women without community or not a community like the others.
Chuang, Ya-Ting, and 莊雅婷. "Reaching for the Infant inside us: Inspirations from Nature-Oriented Literature." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95160249262418626074.
Full text淡江大學
英文學系碩士班
98
There is no denying that the global ecological crisis is the most serious of all the pressing questions we are facing today. Through the studies for the ecological problems, the fact becomes quite apparent that the ecological problems are caused mainly by human beings’ aggressively persistent and biased ways of thinking and living. Therefore, in order to ease the ecological crisis, we have to overthrow the biased ways of thinking and living, and search for a more holistic viewpoint to understand the Earth, ourselves, and the relationship between human beings and the Earth. In Chapter One of this thesis, I would introduce Ken Wilber’s theory of everything and attempt to find out the missing links between human beings and the Earth. Through studying Wilber’s theory, I would try to demonstrate how human beings gradually become disconnected with Nature and how human beings misunderstand their relationship with Nature, and thus cause the ecological crisis. In Chapter Two, I would study three works of literature—Herman Melville’s “Bartleby, the Scrivener,” Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the Modern Prometheus, and Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake—in order to demonstrate how the highly-biased and narrow-sighted worldview of modern world corrupts and twists human mind and soul, and thus jeopardize the life of modern people and of future generations. In Chapter Three, I would like to conclude my thesis with Annie Dillard’s opinions, especially in For the Time Being, about the relationships between men and “God,” which can be regarded as a synonym of spirituality. To deepen our awareness of the relationships between us and spirituality, I would study Earnest Kurtz and Katherine Ketcham’s The Spirituality of Imperfection, to demonstrate why modern people need to reach for spirituality and how they can do it.
Mouratidis, Maria. "The Aesthetics of Madame de Staël and Mary Shelley." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10097.
Full textThe Aesthetics of Madame de Staël and Mary Shelley discusses the art of improvisation and the concept of enthusiasm in the writings of these two authors. In this project, I explore Madame de Staël’s aesthetics of improvisation and enthusiasm as represented in Corinne by drawing from her other novel Delphine, her play Sapho, and her short stories as well as her philosophical texts such as De l’Allemagne, De l’influence des passions, and De la littérature. I argue that Madame de Staël embraces through Corinne an anti-utilitarian aesthetic. I maintain that she represents a cosmopolitanism that values indigenous culture as opposed to Napoleon’s Imperialism. Furthermore, I examine how Corinne’s improvisations derive from an enthusiasm that can be associated to Plato’s elucidation of the term in Phaedrus and in Ion. This is evident by Madame de Staël’s own definition of enthusiasm as presented in the closing chapters of her De l’Allemagne. I interpret Corinne’s illness that is manifested in the loss of her genius as having psychosomatic origins and as being a slow suicide that is an expression of anger against patriarchy. The character of Corinne allows Madame de Staël to explore the conflict that women artists faced between having an artistic career and adhering to the domestic ideology. Chapter two focuses on the interest that Shelley takes in the art of improvisation as is manifested in her letters about the improvisator Tommaso Sgricci. Despite her fascination with extempore poetry, she regrets that this art form is evanescent. Moreover, I examine her enthusiastic response to another artist, Nicolò Paganini. Her fascination with this virtuoso violinist is linked to discourses about the unnatural talent of improvisatores. I argue there is a continuum of improvisation from the ballad form of the common people to the high-cultured improvisatore. I hold that the Shelleys were collaborating in defining the theory of inspiration through their interest in the art of improvisation. Chapter three considers the link between cosmology and aesthetics of inspiration through the function of music, especially Joseph Haydn’s The Creation, in Shelley’s The Last Man. I examine the representation of the sublimity of the Alps in the narrative through discourses that associate the Alps with the primordial forces of creation. The roles of Necessity, Prophecy, and Time can be understood in the novel by taking into account the notion of the music of the spheres. Chapter four explores the different meanings of the word enthusiasm in Shelley’s writings, primarily in Valperga and The Last Man. I discuss Shelley’s views on Madame de Staël as presented in Lives. I analyze Corinne-inspired characters in Shelley’s texts. In addition, I consider the meaning of enthusiasm in Shelley’s writings in relation to the English Civil War and the French Revolution. I present how enthusiasm was linked in the seventeenth-century to medical discourses about melancholia and how this is reflected in Shelley’s characters.
Kareta, Filip. "Postava Dona Juana ve francouzské literatuře v letech 1850-1950." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333554.
Full textRugwiji, Temba. "Reading the exodus tradition from a Zimbabwean perspective." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3325.
Full textBiblical and Ancient studies
M.A. (Biblical Studies)
Bimková, Dana. "Pedagogické časopisy pro výuku dějepisu jako praktická metodická pomoc československému učiteli dějepisu v období 1948-1970." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313091.
Full textConradie, A. F. "Bybel as problematiese teks: ’n kritiese ontleding aan die hand van polemieke in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk: van Johannes du Plessis tot Ferdinand Deist en Willem Vorster (1920–2000)." Thesis, 2019. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/25638.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 383-403)
Die woordestryd oor goddelike inspirasie van alles wat in die Bybel staan, as gevolg van die uitgesproke stellings van Johannes Du Plessis, het tot ‘n krisis gelei wat as baken in die annale van die Ned. Geref. Kerk beskou word. Die meeste van sy standpunte word vandag as waarheid aanvaar en hy het bygedra tot die intellektuele debat oor die Bybel as Woord van God wat vandag nog aangaan. Du Plessis se herkoms, opleiding en verdienste as predikant en saakgelastigde van die Kerk word kortliks bespreek. Hy was die talentvolle seun en enigste kind van 'n Afrikaanse predikant en 'n Engelse vrou, die dogter van 'n sendeling van die LMS. Hy word professor aan die Kweekskool en met kennis opgedoen tydens verdere studie oorsee, het hy gewys op dele van die Bybel wat nie aan goddelike inspirasie toegeskryf kan word nie. Hy het dit ook duidelik gestel dat hy as teoloog en leermeester nie kon glo sonder om te probeer verstaan nie. Hy het sy bevindinge bekend gemaak in Het Zoeklicht, 'n maandblad wat bedoel was om as soeklig te dien om verskillende vorms van “duisternis” in beide godsdiens en die politiek, betref, aan die lig te bring. Oortuig van die waarde van die Hoër Kritiek, het hy dit as sy plig geag om wat hy deur wye leeswerk en kritiese ondersoek rakende die oorsprong, vorm en inhoud van die Ou Testamentiese boeke bekom het, bekend te maak. Artikels van dié aard, eers in De Kerkbode en daarna in Het Zoeklicht, het gelei tot beroering onder behoudende lesers wat gekant was teen enige veranderinge in die prediking. Hulle was veral ontstoke oor sy siening dat die belydenisskrifte wat spruit uit die dae van die Hervorming 500 jaar tevore, oop was vir herformulering. Klagtes dat Du Plessis op 'n gevaarlike pad was, was die begin van wat gelei het tot 'n krisis in die Kerk, en uiteindelik tot 'n buitengewone sinode in 1930 toe hy van sy pos onthef is. Die behoudende reaksie van die meerderheid was dat die Bybel die onfeilbare Woord van God is. Die gevolg was dat 'n groot aantal van die leiers van die Kerk, aanhangers van die Nasionale Party wat in 1948 aan bewind gekom het, tekste uit die Bybel gebruik het om die beleid van Apartheid Skriftuurlik te begrond. Ná byna veertig jaar van 'n onkritiese benadering tot die Bybel, is die geloof in 'n foutlose Bybel weer bevraagteken. Tussen die eerlike teoloë wat dit gewaag het om te wys op foute en inkonsekwenthede, was Ferdinand Deist en Willem Vorster. Albei het hulle opleiding as predikante voltooi maar het hulle nie beroepbaar gestel nie omdat hulle met verdere studie voortgegaan het en hulle openlik uitgespreek het teen die misbruik van Bybelse gegewens om apartheid te regverdig. Geskool aan die Kweekskool in Stellenbosch, het Deist hom onderskei as geleerde wat sy drang na dieper ondersoek gepaar het met 'n piëtisme waarop hy uiting gegee het in 'n stortvloed van akademiese en populêre geskrifte ― wat nie altyd gestrook het met sy stelling dat die Woord van God nie met 'n gelyk-aan-teken aan mekaar verbind kan word nie. Vorster, wat sy opleiding aan die Universiteit van Pretoria ontvang het, het ewe bekend geraak en het internasionale erkenning geniet vir sy toepassing van die semantiek op studies van die Nuwe Testament. Daarby het hy sy kennis van die Nabye Oosterse tale toepaslik gevind in sy bydrae tot The New Quest om meer te wete te kom oor die historiese Jesus, 'n Jood en Galileër wat vir 'n kort periode opgetree het as leermeester en eskatologiese profeet. In die studie van bydraes van die drie geleerdes tot ons verstaan van die Bybel, is ook aandag geskenk aan 'n ander aspek van die Bybel as problematiese teks: Die nadruk wat skrywers en redaktors van die Bybelse gebeure, geplaas het op mans as vaders en seuns ten koste van vroue, moeders en dogters. Die gevolg was dat meeste van die sogenaamde Kerkvaders genoeg in die Bybel kon vind om hulle te identifiseer met die neerhalende beeld wat in Die Openbaring (14:3-4) geskep word van vroue, opvallend in stryd met die inhoud van Genesis 1:26-31.
The controversy started by Johannes Du Plessis over the question whether everything in the Bible was inspired by God, caused a crisis in the Dutch Reformed Church, which is listed as a beacon in its history. Most of the points he raised are accepted as truth today, and started an intellectual debate that is still going on. Information relating to Du Plessis’ origins, training, and achievements as a minister and church official is briefly noted. He was the talented son, and only child of an Afrikaner father and minister of religion, and an English mother, the daughter of an LMS missionary. He became a professor at the Seminary in Stellenbosch, after his studies overseas had caused him to question parts of the Old Testament text that could not be regarded as divinely inspired. He also made it quite clear that believing without trying to understand was not possible for him as a theologian and teacher. He proclaimed his findings in Het Zoeklicht, a monthly magazine intended to serve as a searchlight and an organ to reveal the “darkness” that was still prevalent in both religion and politics. Aware of the value of Higher Criticism of the Old Testament, he regarded it his duty to make known what he had found in reading widely and in critical research on the origins, form and content of the books of the Bible. Articles to this effect published first in De Kerkbode and then in Het Zoeklicht, caused an outcry from conservative readers who were opposed to any changes in the teaching of the church. They were especially enraged by his view that the confessions drawn up by Reformers 500 years earlier, were open for review. Complaints that Du Plessis was on a dangerous path, marked the beginning of what was regarded as a crisis in the Church, and in the end led to Du Plessis being relieved of his post by a special Synod convened in 1930. The views of the conservative majority, however, prevailed. As a result, a large number of leading ministers and theologians, who openly supported the Nationalist government that came into power in 1948, provided assurance that the concept of separation of racial groups was in accordance with Scripture. After nearly forty years of an uncritical approach to the Bible, the belief in in-errancy was again questioned. Among the few theologians who dared to point out errors and inconsistencies in various texts, were Ferdinand Deist and Willem Vorster. Both trained as ministers, they chose to continue their studies and openly expressed themselves against the abuse of Biblical texts to support the ideology of apartheid. Trained at the Seminary in Stellenbosch, Deist turned out to be a noted scholar who combined his urge for honest critical study with a pietism expressed in a flood of academic and popular publications ― which were not always consistent with his own statement that The Word of God could not be connected to Scripture with an is-equal-to symbol. Vorster, who received his education at the University of Pretoria, became equally well known as a scholar and gained international recognition for his application of semantics in the study of the Gospels. He also applied his knowledge of languages in what came to be known as The New Quest for the historical Jesus who, as a Jew and a Galilean, distinguished himself during a brief period as a teacher and eschatological prophet. In the study of the contributions of these three outstanding men to our understanding of the Bible, another major aspect of the Bible as problematic text is addressed: The emphasis the authors and redactors of the Scriptures placed on the roles of men, fathers and sons, patently to the exclusion of women, mothers and daughters. As a result many of the so-called Church Fathers found in the Bible sufficient material to look down upon women ― the verdict expressed in Revelations 14:3-4 being one of numerous texts pointing to women as objects of derision in glaring contradiction to the contents of Genesis 1:26-31.
Biblical and Ancient Studies
D. Phil. (Biblical Studies)
ČÍŽKOVÁ, Jitka. "Vliv koncepce dějin F. Palackého na soudobou historickou prózu." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80502.
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