Academic literature on the topic 'Inspection qualité'
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Journal articles on the topic "Inspection qualité"
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Dietrich, Jaakko I., Mikko A. Inkala, and Vesa J. Männistö. "Bridge Inspection Quality Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1933, no. 1 (January 2005): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193300101.
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Reliable data on the condition of bridge networks are critical for successful bridge management. However, little attention has been paid to the quality of the data gathered in bridge inspections. This paper reviews the most important areas of bridge inspection that cause variation in bridge condition data and presents possible misjudgments made as a result of poor inspection data quality. The main elements of the inspection quality management system adopted in the Finnish Road Administration are presented, and the development of the quality of inspection data in 2002 and 2003 is briefly summarized. The evidence shows that the quality of inspection data has improved considerably but that the current quality level is not yet sufficient. The quality control system could be improved by increasing inspector interaction during control inspections, using an independent consultant in inspection quality measurements and inspector training, increasing the number of quality measurements, and introducing quality targets.
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Ludwig, Michael J., and Chris Conrardy. "Portable Weld Inspection Management System." Journal of Ship Production 23, no. 03 (August 1, 2007): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2007.23.3.147.
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Manual visual inspection is by far the most widely used weld inspection method. A given weld may be visually examined multiple times as parts are joined and made into assemblies. Because visual inspection is somewhat subjective, and prone to error (a typical inspector only identifies about 85% of the visible defects); welds that pass one inspection may fail subsequent inspections, resulting in multiple inspection and repair cycles. This paper discusses a project that tested the benefits and limitations of a semiautomated weld inspection system. The goal of this semiautomated inspection approach is to provide quantitative, nonsubjective quality measurements of welded structures in order to: eliminate redundant inspections, reduce unnecessary multiple repair cycles, avoid repair of welds that meet minimum size requirements, and enable recording of weld size so that overwelding can be identified and reduced. The technology would also allow tracking of weld quality and statistical analysis of welding process capability to support lean/six-sigma continuous improvement initiatives. A prototype system was assembled and field tested by inspecting actual ship structures. The equipment evaluated has potential, but needs both hardware and software modifications before it can be used as a tool on a regular basis in a shipbuilding environment. As is, it will be useful as an audit tool to gauge the health of the visual inspection process and to further document the inherent variability of the visual inspection process. Recommendations were made for improvements to refine the prototype tool prior to broader deployment.
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Ibanez, Maria R., and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food-Safety Inspections." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2396–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3318.
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Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes inspection quality by altering inspector stringency. Our analysis of thousands of food-safety inspections reveals that inspectors are affected by the inspection outcomes at their prior-inspected establishment (outcome effects), citing more violations after they inspect establishments that exhibited worse compliance levels or trends. Moreover, consistent with negativity bias, the effect is stronger after observing compliance deterioration than improvement. Inspection results are also affected by when the inspection occurs within an inspector’s day (daily schedule effects): Inspectors cite fewer violations after spending more time conducting inspections throughout the day and when inspections risk prolonging their typical workday. Overall, our findings suggest that currently unreported violations would be cited if the outcome effects—which increase scrutiny—were triggered more often and if the daily schedule effects—which erode scrutiny—were reduced. For example, our estimates indicate that if outcome effects were doubled and daily schedule effects were fully mitigated, 11% more violations would be detected, enabling remedial actions that could substantially reduce foodborne illnesses and hospitalizations. Understanding and addressing these inspection biases can help managers and policymakers improve not only food safety but also process quality, environmental practices, occupational safety, and working conditions. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
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Zarembski, Allan M., Nii Attoh-Okine, and Truxton J. Boyce. "Risk-based scheduling methodology for audit inspections of curves on high-speed mainline tracks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 6 (November 9, 2017): 1650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717740748.
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Agencies with safety oversight responsibilities of railroad tracks often perform walking audit inspections of tracks (also referred to as quality audits) to complement and oversee the regular inspections performed by the railway operator or maintenance manager. Traditionally, these audit inspections are scheduled based on the qualitative evaluation of the rail line by the inspectors, together with the available schedule of the inspector(s). This paper presents an approach to replace the current qualitative decision-making process for determining when and where to conduct audit inspections with a quantitative decision-making process. This quantitative process first establishes an acceptable level of risk in a given territory, and then taking into account the defect history and real-time track conditions, it schedules audit inspections based on those conditions. This risk-based scheduling methodology of audit inspections can be used by the safety oversight agencies and inspectors to monitor and “spot” check track conditions and provide oversight over the normal inspection process. The audit inspection’s frequency algorithm, presented in this paper, establishes the acceptable level of risk based on six years of Federal Railway Administration safety audit inspections data of the Amtrak North East Corridor. This methodology takes into account the track conditions in terms of the curve defect rate and optimizes the scheduling of audit inspections of mainline curves based on this defect condition. The risk-based curve audit inspections interval methodology outputs the required maximum curve audit inspections interval (time until next audit inspection or reinspection) while maintaining an accepted level of risk in the presence of real-time curve defect rates.
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Rahman, N. N. S. Abdul, N. M. Saad, A. R. Abdullah, M. R. M. Hassan, M. S. S. M. Basir, and N. S. M. Noor. "Automated Real-Time Vision Quality Inspection Monitoring System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp775-783.
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The requirement of product quality inspection in industries for product standardized leads to a development of the quality inspection system. The problem is related to a manual inspection that is done by a human as an inspector. This paper presents an automated real-time vision quality inspection monitoring system as a problem solver to a manual inspection that is tedious and time-consuming task as well as reducing cost especially in small and medium enterprise industries (SME). For the proposed system, soft drink is used as the test product for quality inspection. The system uses computer-network to inspect two quality inspections which are color concentration and water level. The analysis includes pre-processing, color concentration using the histogram and quadratic distance and level inspection using coordinate vertical and horizontal reference levels. The similarities of both experimental and simulation results are obtained for both parameters which are 100% accuracy using 205 samples.
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Tao, Jiagui, Qingmiao Chen, Jinxia Xu, Heng Zhao, and Siqi Song. "Utilization of Both Machine Vision and Robotics Technologies in Assisting Quality Inspection and Testing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (March 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7547801.
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Inspecting the smoothness and durability of the exterior and interior surfaces of manufactured products such as large passenger aircraft requires utilizing manufacturing precision instruments. Manual techniques are mainly adopted in inspections, which are, however, much costly and have low efficiency. Moreover, manual operation is more prone to missing and false inspections. To cope with these issues, effective precision instruments have been needed to devise intelligent inspections for impalpable damages as necessary tools. When many inspection tasks are investigated, very few public datasets are available to recognize the intelligent inspection of precision instruments. On the other hand, precision instruments can be applied to a wide variety of damages. YOLO V3 was proposed based on acquiring and processing the image appearances, which deal with the surface inspection of the precision instrument in this study. The image dataset of the impalpable damage was initially established. More specifically, the YOLO V3 detection network is leveraged to roughly calculate the location of the damage appearances and identify the damage type. Afterward, the designed level set algorithm was employed to obtain more accurate damage locations in the image block utilizing the characteristics of different types of damages. Finally, a quantitative analysis was performed employing the refined detection results. A deep architecture that can intelligently conduct damage detection was proposed. Besides, the proposed method exhibited a strong tolerance for unknown types of damages and excellent flexibility and adaptability. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can alleviate the shortcomings of the traditional inspection methods. Thus, it provided technical guidance for the applications of the intelligent orbital inspection of the robots. The proposed method with a more precise and noninvasive inspection technique remarkably accelerates the inspection time of impalpable damages on surfaces.
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Krishnan, Jagan, Jayanthi Krishnan, and Hakjoon Song. "PCAOB International Inspections and Audit Quality." Accounting Review 92, no. 5 (November 1, 2016): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51642.
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ABSTRACT We investigate the impact of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's (PCAOB) first-time inspections of foreign accounting firms by examining abnormal accruals around the inspection year, and the value relevance of accounting numbers around the inspection report date, for their U.S. cross-listed clients. We document lower abnormal accruals in the post-inspection period, and greater value relevance of accounting numbers in the post-report period for clients of the inspected auditors, compared with non-cross-listed clients or clients of non-inspected auditors within the inspected countries. Comparisons of the PCAOB's joint inspections with PCAOB stand-alone inspections indicate that while both experience lower post-inspection abnormal accruals, the former benefit more than the latter. The value relevance measure, in contrast, shows greater increases for the PCAOB stand-alone inspections than for joint inspections. Comparing the inspection effects for auditors with and without deficiency reports, we find no systematic differences for accruals or for value relevance.
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Rowe, Jeffrey B. "Quality Control Procedures for Underwater Inspections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1933, no. 1 (January 2005): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193300102.
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For more than 20 years, the FHWA has required that underwater inspection of bridges be performed at least every 5 years. Over that period, departments of transportation and other bridge owners have either developed in-house underwater inspection teams or hired outside consultants to perform this work. Ensuring that the inspections are conducted properly and accurately is critical. To this end, several policies and procedures can be implemented as quality control measures in an underwater inspection program. Selecting a properly trained inspection team, ensuring proper preparation before diving operations, conducting independent inspections, and looking at deterioration trends are several ways to ensure quality in underwater inspections.
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Beal, Stacy G., Jesse L. Kresak, and Anthony T. Yachnis. "Pathology Residents Comprise Inspection Team for a CAP Self-Inspection." Academic Pathology 4 (January 1, 2017): 237428951769923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374289517699230.
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We report our experience at the University of Florida in which residents and fellows served as the inspection team for a College of American Pathologists (CAP) self-inspection. We aimed to determine whether the CAP self-inspection could serve as a learning opportunity for pathology residents and fellows. To prepare for the inspection, we provided a series of 4 lunchtime seminars covering numerous laboratory management topics relating to inspections and laboratory quality. Preparation for the inspection began approximately 4 months prior to the date of the inspection. The intent was to simulate a CAP peer inspection, with the exception that the date was announced. The associate residency program director served as the team leader. All residents and fellows completed inspector training provided by CAP, and the team leader completed the team leader training. A 20 question pre- and posttest was administered; additionally, an anonymous survey was given after the inspection. The residents’ and fellows’ posttest scores were an average of 15% higher than on the pretest ( P < .01). The surveys as well as subjective comments were overwhelmingly positive. In conclusion, the resident’s and fellow’s experience as an inspector during a CAP self-inspection was a useful tool to learn accreditation and laboratory management.
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Meng, Jian Jun, Fen Liu, Hong Qiang Sang, and Jin Tian Yun. "Automatic Programming System for Machining Center On-Line Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1233.
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Currently, manual inspection and off-line inspection play an important role in the inspection methods of machining process, which severely restricts the development of inspecting automation. In the paper, automatic programming system for machining center on-line inspection was developed by secondary development kit object ARX of AutoCAD. Inspecting datum was obtained, inspecting process planning was laid up and inspecting program was made automatically. The inspection can be applied to automatic workpiece setting up, on-line inspection of workpiece, data processing, quality analysis and compensation of machined workpiece errors, which led to increase precision, production efficiency and quality and reduced the rate of rejection and tool damage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Inspection qualité"
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Guermonprez, Philippe. "Inspection automatique des matériaux plans texturés." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e4329f80-b368-4f43-a639-0f80c3bb838d.
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Qualité et flexibilité sont les deux atouts de l'industrie textile des pays industrialisés pour faire face à la concurrence. Pour jouer son rôle de référence, le contrôle qualité doit être automatisé. Insuffisantes, les machines actuelles doivent être améliorées tant au niveau des méthodes que des matériels: c'est ce qui a été fait dans le cadre d'un programme BRITE. Les travaux ont porté sur les méthodes et particulièrement sur l'extraction des défauts de leur contexte texture. La méthode proposée s'appuie sur un principe connu, la transformée de Fourier et débouche sur un filtrage nouveau permettant une détection de parties de défaut, qu'il faut donc compléter par une procédure spécifique de chainage intra et intercamera. Étendue aux tissus tissés teints, la méthode offre de nouvelles possibilités en matière de segmentation d'image colorée. La réalisation d'un prototype correspondant de machine d'inspection a permis de constater (pour des tissus monochromes) la qualité des résultats, à un type de défaut près et de garantir la faisabilité industrielle de cette machine. Pour les tisses teints, les tests sont probants mais demandent une validation industrielle.
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Barlet, Christophe. "Place et rôle de l’inspection-contrôle dans le champ des établissements et services sanitaires, sociaux et médico-sociaux." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1G007.
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L’inspection-contrôle a connu plusieurs évolutions qui interrogent sa place et son rôle, en particulier dans le champ de cette étude. La multiplicité des acteurs et des procédures d’inspection-contrôle rend son appréhension complexe et interroge la nature juridique et le régime juridique applicables aux différents types de contrôles. Par ailleurs, l’inspection-contrôle apparaît aujourd’hui remise en question par la normalisation des pratiques professionnelles et des nouvelles démarches d’accompagnement et d’amélioration continue de la qualité dans les établissements et services du champ étudié. Ces démarches, dévolues à des autorités publiques ou des organismes privés, prennent la forme de la certification des établissements de santé, de l’accréditation des professionnels de santé, de l’évaluation des établissements et services sociaux et médico-sociaux ou encore de l’audit. Elles s’appuient largement sur le droit des autorisations et la contractualisation. Il convient ainsi de rechercher si une bonne activité de l’État, c’est seulement de la règle ou aussi de la régulation, si le contrôle a changé de nature, s’il s’est diversifié ou s’il a régressé au bénéfice d’autres activités plus souples sous l’influence du droit de la concurrence, du droit communautaire et de la situation budgétaire de l’État. La question de la juridicité de l’inspection en tant que contrôle particulier et son articulation avec les démarches qualité guident cette rechercheInspection-control has undergone several changes that question its place and role, particularly in the scope of this study. The multiplicity of actors and inspection-control procedures makes it complex to understand and questions the legal nature and legal regime applicable to the different types of controls. Furthermore, inspection and control now appears to be called into question by the standardization of professional practices and new approaches to support and continuously improve quality in the establishments and services in the field under study. These approaches, devolved to public authorities or private organizations, take the form of certification of health care institutions, accreditation of professionals in health care, evaluation of social and medico-social institutions and services, or auditing. They are largely based on licensing and contractualization law. It is thus necessary to investigate whether a good activity of the State is only rule-making or also regulation, whether control has changed in nature, whether it has diversified or whether it has regressed to the benefit of other, more flexible activities under the influence of competition law, Community law and the State's budgetary situation. The question of the legality of inspection as a particular control and its articulation with quality approaches guide this research
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Tout, Karim. "Automatic Vision System for Surface Inspection and Monitoring : Application to Wheel Inspection." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0008.
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L'inspection visuelle des produits industriels a toujours été l'une des applications les plus reconnues du contrôle de qualité. Cette inspection reste en grande partie un processus manuel mené par des opérateurs et ceci rend l’opération peu fiable. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire d'automatiser cette inspection pour une meilleure efficacité. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de concevoir un système d'inspection visuelle automatique pour l'inspection et la surveillance de la surface du produit. L'application spécifique de l'inspection de roues est considérée pour étudier la conception et l'installation du système d'imagerie. Ensuite, deux méthodes d'inspection sont développées : une méthode de détection des défauts à la surface du produit et une méthode de détection d’un changement brusque dans les paramètres du processus d’inspection non stationnaire. Parce que dans un contexte industriel, il est nécessaire de contrôler le taux de fausses alarmes, les deux méthodes proposées s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la théorie de la décision statistique. Un modèle paramétrique des observations est développé. Les paramètres du modèle sont estimés afin de concevoir un test statistique dont les performances sont analytiquement connues. Enfin, l'impact de la dégradation de l'éclairage sur la performance de détection des défauts est étudié afin de prédire les besoins de maintenance du système d'imagerie. Des résultats numériques sur un grand nombre d'images réelles mettent en évidence la pertinence de l'approche proposéeVisual inspection of finished products has always been one of the basic and most recognized applications of quality control in any industry. This inspection remains largely a manual process conducted by operators, and thus faces considerable limitations that make it unreliable. Therefore, it is necessary to automatize this inspection for better efficiency. The main goal of this thesis is to design an automatic visual inspection system for surface inspection and monitoring. The specific application of wheel inspection is considered to study the design and installation setup of the imaging system. Then, two inspection methods are developed: a defect detection method on the product’s surface and a change-point detection method in the parameters of the non-stationary inspection process. Because in an industrial context it is necessary to control the false alarm rate, the two proposed methods are cast into the framework of hypothesis testing theory. A parametric approach is proposed to model the non-anomalous part of the observations. The model parameters are estimated to design a statistical test whose performances are analytically known. Finally, the impact of illumination degradation on the defect detection performance is studied in order to predict the maintenance needs of the imaging system. Numerical results on a large set of real images highlight the relevance of the proposed approach
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Macaire, Ludovic. "Inspection d'états de surfaces métalliques par vision linéaire : Application au contrôle qualité continu en sidérurgie." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10005.
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L'objectif de ce travail est la conception d'un système d'inspection automatique intégré dans l'atelier de l'aspect de bandes galvanisées, minimisées et laquées en defilement continu. L'inspection est effectuée par analyse des images lignes successives acquises par une caméra linéaire. Ces images représentent l'aspect de la bande qui, éclairée de manière particulière, défile en continu devant le dispositif de prise de vues. La stratégie choisie consiste à diviser l'inspection automatique en plusieurs procédures qui détectent et reconnaissent chacune un type de défaut spécifique. Cette stratégie permet l'implantation en parallèle des procédures de détection de défauts afin de respecter les contraintes du traitement en temps réel. Le développement des procédures de détection de défauts nous a conduits à proposer de nouvelles approches pour les problèmes essentiels suivants : la séparation et le dénombrement des modes d'un histogramme multimodal afin d'effectuer un seuillage adaptatif des images lignes acquises ; -la reconstruction des objets à partir d'images lignes binarisées de telle sorte qu'elle puisse s'effectuer en respectant les contraintes du traitement en temps réel ; la caractérisation de la texture des images lignes successives. Ce travail a abouti à l'intégration d'un système d'inspection automatique en atelier qui a permis de valider la faisabilité d'un tel système et de prouver sa réelle efficacité.
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Gama, Alves Isabel Teresa. "Le rôle de l'action publique pour la qualité dans l'agro-alimentaire en France : étude de cas de la filière lait." Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10027.
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Le champ de l'action publique pour la qualité est devenu dans les années 1980 un champ d'action pensé à part entière, et dont l'établissement a eu lieu dans les années 1990 avec la définition d'un cadre juridique et institutionnel. Sachant que la qualité imprimée à un produit est liée non seulement à l'espace de sa production mais aussi à celui de sa circulation, nous pouvons appréhender la politique de qualité comme une mise en cohérence des "règles" propres à l'environnement dans lequel elle s'inscrit. Au regard de l'action publique et de la qualité, le secteur agro-alimentaire présente une ambigüité qui est le fruit d'une part de sa double insertion dans les mondes agricole et industriel et d'autre part d'une politique alimentaire. Dans ce cadre, l'intervention publique doit prendre en compte l'insertion de la qualité des modèles de production hétérogènes, dans des "mondes de production" différents, le postulat de base étant celui selon lequel la qualité est une construction sociale et le fruit de compromis. L'émergence de nouveaux acteurs et de nouvelles valeurs dans les années 1980 et 1990 peut ainsi clairement être notée au travers de nouveaux centres émetteurs de l'action publique et médiateurs. De plus, l'analyse de la façon dont l'action publique pour la qualité a évolué nécessite de prendre en compte les diverses négociations qui existent au sujet de la qualité et qui portent sur deux points : celui des réglementations, en particulier pour les signes officiels, et d'autres mesures qui les visent. Des changements se sont produits au niveau de l'articulation des mesures et des médiateurs. Ainsi, l'hétérogénéité à gérer lors du compromis se reflète dans les appareilsQuality has drawn more and more attention from governments in the 80's and public policies devoted to this point have been established in the 90's through specific laws and institutions. As quality of a product is related not only to its production but also to its marketing, we can define quality policies as a framework of "rules" related to this environment. From the points of views of public policies and quality, the foodstuff industry is in a special position as it is related both to agriculture and industry as well as to human health. Public policies cannot be defined independently of this framework including different kinds of production models. Therefore our central hypothesis was that quality is a social construction and results from compromises. The apparition of new actors as well as new values in the 80's and 90's has for consequences that public intervention used new channels and new mediations. Moreover, in order to analyze the evolution of public policies, one must take into account negotiations related to quality that concern different rules (and especially trademarks and other labels). Links between rules and mediators have also changed so that heterogeneity that has to be taken into account to get workable compromises has its counterpart in the public institutions specialized or not local and national level as well as the EU level. In conclusion, this dynamics and the new conception of the administration that delegate and negotiate more often than previously leads to place the analysis of quality policies as a multi-stage action
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Guitton, Philippe. "Une méthode de contrôle statistique de la qualité en fabrication continue : Icare (fondements théoriques et mise en oeuvre)." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES040.
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Le système Icare, qui prend effet sur une fabrication en cours, dans laquelle sauf cas de dysfonctionnement, les probabilités d'apparition de défauts sont faibles, est de type évolutif; c'est-à-dire que la vérité du contrôle dépend, du nombre de défectueux récemment observés (dans la version Icare avec défectueux) ou du démérite récemment observé qui est fonction des défauts et familles de défauts rencontrés (dans la version Icare avec défauts). Le rythme des tirages des échantillons est caractérisé par les convoluées de lois uniformes sur un même support. Les principaux résultats théoriques concernent les calculs de la fraction inspectée moyenne, de la qualité moyenne après contrôle et des risques fournisseur et client associés. On présente aussi les mises en oeuvre de la méthode, ainsi que les résultats des différentes expérimentations en milieu industriel
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Nurit, Marvin. "numérisation et caractérisation de la réflectancelocale des surfaces complexes pour l'inspection visuelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCK112.
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La maitrise de la perception visuelle des surfaces des produits manufacturés est un enjeu central pour l'industrie. Or, en entreprise, la qualité des surfaces est souvent évaluée par des contrôleur humain. Seul quelques cas spécifiques utilisent une approche instrumentale ou photométrique. Parmi les approches photométriques, l'une d'elle connaît un essor important: le Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). Le RTI permet d'obtenir une estimation réduite et simplifié de la Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) et une estimation de la géométrie de la surface. Cependant cette technique présente des limites au niveau de l'acquisition et du traitement des données. L'objectif est donc de corriger certaines de ces limites afin d'améliorer le RTI et, par conséquent, le contrôle qualité visuel des états de surfaces dans l'industrie.L'une de ces limites est la grande quantité de données, complexe à analyser, obtenue avec une acquisition RTI. Nous proposons une méthodologie afin de caractériser l'apparence des surfaces à partir mesures RTI. La caractérisation des états de surface est basée sur l'utilisation de descripteurs d'apparence, statistiques et géométriques. A partir des descripteurs extraits des acquisitions RTI nous proposons une méthode afin d'estimer la saillance visuelle multi-échelle et multi-niveau en chaque pixel et permettre ainsi de discriminer les anomalies de surfaces. Une méthodologie, pour segmenter les données RTI en utilisant la saillance, est ensuite appliqué sur un cas d'application. La méthode permet de déterminer les descripteurs les plus pertinents pour la segmentation. Le calcul de distance est étendue aux acquisitions RTI afin de comparer les états de surface. Ces méthodes se basent sur la distance de Mahalanobis en utilisant les descripteurs.Une autre des limites du RTI correspond aux biais de mesure. Certains descripteurs sont invariant à ces biais de mesures sauf celui du temps d'exposition pour lequel aucun descripteurs est insensible. Nous proposons alors d'utiliser le High Dynamic Range (HDR) couplé au RTI (HD-RTI). Le couplage est fait de façon à prendre en compte les spécificité de chacune des techniques afin d'optimiser le temps d'acquisition du RTI tout en permettant la pleine mesure de la Dynamique de la scène en chaque position angulaire de la source de lumière. Avec les donnée stéréo-photométrique HD-RTI, nous pouvons reconstruire virtuellement la scène en simulant un temps d'exposition arbitraire, mais aussi, mieux caractériser et donc discriminer les anomalies de surfacesMastering the visual perception of the surfaces of manufactured products is a central issue for industry. However, in industry, the quality of surfaces is often assessed by human inspectors. Only a few specific cases use an instrumental or photometric approach. Among the photometric approaches, one of them is experiencing significant growth: Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI). The RTI makes it possible to obtain a reduced and simplified estimate of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and an estimate of the geometry of the surface. However, this technique has limitations in terms of data acquisition and processing. The objective is therefore to correct some of these limits in order to improve the RTI and, consequently, the visual quality control of surface conditions in industry.One of these limitations is the large amount of data, complex to analyze, obtained with an RTI acquisition. We propose a methodology to characterize the appearance of surfaces from RTI measurements. The characterization of surface states is based on the use of appearance, statistical and geometric descriptors. From the descriptors extracted from the RTI acquisitions, we propose a method to estimate the multi-scale and multi-level visual salience in each pixel and thus make it possible to discriminate surface anomalies. A methodology, to segment RTI data using salience, is then applied to an application case. The method makes it possible to determine the most relevant descriptors for segmentation. Distance calculation is extended to RTI acquisitions in order to compare surface states. These methods are based on the Mahalanobis distance using the descriptors.Another limitation of RTI is measurement bias. Some descriptors are invariant to these measurement biases except that of the exposure time for which no descriptor is insensitive. We then propose to use High Dynamic Range (HDR) coupled with RTI (HD-RTI). The coupling is done in such a way as to take into account the specificities of each of the techniques in order to optimize the RTI acquisition time while allowing the full measurement of the Dynamics of the scene in each angular position of the light source. With HD-RTI stereo-photometric data, we can virtually reconstruct the scene by simulating an arbitrary exposure time, but also better characterize and therefore discriminate surface anomalies
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Megherbi, Mehdi. "Extraction et analyse de traces d'oligo- et polysaccharides - : application au contrôle qualité des miels." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10285.
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La lutte contre la fraude dans le domaine agroalimentaire est un souci permanent pour garantir aux consommateurs des produits de qualité. La production limitée et le prix élevé du miel amènent parfois des pratiques de falsification difficiles à déceler tant au niveau de son origine (appellation) que de sa composition (par l’ajout délibéré de sirop de sucre bon marché). L’analyse des sucres, constituants majoritaires du miel, est l’une des méthodes les plus utilisées pour mettre en évidence ces techniques de fraude. Afin de rendre plus efficace les méthodes actuellement utilisées pour l’authentification et le contrôle de la qualité des miels, la recherche de nouveaux marqueurs a été entreprise par extraction sur phase solide et chromatographie des oligo- et polysaccharides. Malgré la variabilité des compositions rencontrées dans ces produits naturels, des profils chromatographiques ont permis de caractériser certaines variétés de miel et de détecter des adultérations dès l’ajout de 1 % de sirop de sucre. Cette approche amène de nouvelles solutions et perspectives pour certifier l’appellation d’un miel et contrer les techniques de falsification qui existent sur le marchéThe fight against the fraud in the agro-alimentary field is a permanent problem to warrant quality products to the consumers. The limited production and the high price of honey provoke falsification practices which are difficult to detect on its origin (appellation) and its composition (by the deliberated addition of cheap sugar syrup). The analysis of sugars, major : In order to improve the current methods for the authentification and the quality control of honeys, the search of new probes was undertaken by solid phase extraction and chromatography of oligo- and polysaccharides. In spite of the great variability of the compositions in these natural products, chromatographic fingerprints allowed to discriminate some varieties of honey and to detect adulterations from an addition of 1 % of sugar syrup. This approach leads new solutions and perspectives to certify a variety of honey and to fight against the falsification techniques which exist on the market
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Courvalin, Corinne. "Le rôle du contrôleur dans un réseau hybride à mandat public et la gestion du risque." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100018.
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Cette recherche, de nature exploratoire, vise à comprendre le rôle du contrôleur et l'impact de ses décisions, au niveau de la gestion du risque, dans un réseau hybride à mandat public. Ce rôle a été appréhendé à partir de l'analyse de crises sanitaires. En final, il a été proposé un modèle exploratoire d'épidémioprévention. La méthode d'études de cas (six) a été utilisée La bibliographie a porté sur le contrôle, la règle, le risque. Les résultats ont mis en évidence des défaillances et des déviances de contrôles internes de l'entreprise non mis en évidence par les contrôles officiels. Des défaillances ont été observées au niveau du contrôle externe exercé par le contrôleur sur l'entreprise. La réglementation a été observée inéquitable, contradictoire, dérogatoire et hypertrophique. Les contrôleurs issus d'un même Corps se caractérisent par une monoculture, un corporatisme, et une situation de quasi-monopole sur le contrôle sanitaire des alimentsThis research, of exploratory nature, aims at understanding the role of the controller and the impact of his decisions, on the level of the risk management, in a hybrid network with public mandate. This role was apprehended starting from the analysis of food crises. Into final, it was proposed an exploratory model of epidemioprevention. The case-study method (six) was used. The bibliography related to control, the rule, and the risk. The results highlighted failures and internal deviances of internal control of the company, not highlighted by official controls. Failures were observed on the level of the external control exerted by the controller on the company. The regulation was observed inequitable, contradictory, derogatory and hypertrophic. The controllers resulting from the same Corps are characterized by a monoculture, a corporatism, and a situation of quasi-monopoly on the food control
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Canivet, Michel. "Inspection de défauts verriers par vision artificielle : procédés de détection et d'identification des glaçures à la bague de bouteilles en verre transparent par analyse d'images." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET4001.
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Au cours de la production, les bouteilles en verre transparent subissent de nombreux contrôles qualité. Le but principal de ces contrôles est d'éliminer les défauts pouvant avoir de dangereuses conséquences pour le client. Les principaux défauts sont les bouillons, les trapèzes, les glaçures, les défauts dimensionnels, les glaçures à la bague sont considérées comme des défauts critiques par les verriers. Les bouteilles avec de tels défauts sont inutilisables car elles peuvent être cassées pendant ou après le conditionnement, causant des arrêts de ligne, des pertes de produit et de temps. Pour les bouteilles cylindriques, le contrôle des glaçures est en général fait par un système a camera, la bouteille étant mise en rotation. La bague est éclairée par un faisceau lumineux concentré, et lorsque le défaut passe sous la lumière, il génère une réflexion lumineuse dans l'espace, représentée par une importante variation d'intensité dans l'image. La principale difficulté d'un tel système est d'identifier le défaut sur une image dont le fond n'est pas uniforme. Le but est alors d'identifier le défaut comme un objet mobile, grâce à un algorithme basé sur l'analyse de séquences d'images. Ce genre de système présente cependant quelques inconvénients : on ne peut contrôler que les articles cylindriques. Il est difficile d'identifier le défaut sur des images bruitées. Une méthode d'inspection par translation (pas de contact sur la bouteille lors du contrôle) peut résoudre ces problèmes. Il est nécessaire pour cela de développer un système optique spécial. Cette approche nous ouvre de nouvelles voies pour le contrôle des glaçures
Books on the topic "Inspection qualité"
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1859-1940, Shutt Frank T., and Dominion Experimental Farms and Stations (Canada), eds. The grades of wheat in the Manitoba inspection division: Crop of 1907. Ottawa: Dept. of Agriculture, 1997.
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Association, Canadian Standards. Quality systems: Model for quality assurance in final inspection and test = Systèmes qualité : modèle pour l'assurance de la qualité en contrôle et essais finals. Rexdale, Ont: Canadian Standards Association, 1994.
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Wolfgang, Osten, ed. Optical inspection of microsystems. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2006.
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Canada. Air Pollution Prevention Directorate. Transportation Systems Division., ed. The state of heavy-duty vehicle emission inspection and maintenance in Canada and the United States. Ottawa, Ont: Transportation Systems Division, Air Pollution Prevention Directorate, Environment Canada, 2000.
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Canada, Canada Environment, Canada. Air Pollution Prevention Directorate. Transportation Systems Branch., and John D. Hutchison Consulting, eds. The state of heavy-duty vehicle emission inspection and maintenance in Canada and the United States: Final report. [Ottawa]: Transportation Systems Branch, Air Pollution Prevention Directorate, Environment Canada, 1999.
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Choice and efficiency in food safety policy. Washington, D.C: AEI Press, 1995.
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Conseil canadien des ministres de l'environnement. Code de recommandations techniques pour la protection de l'envrionnement: Programmes d'inspection et d'entretien pour le contrôle des émissions des véhicules lourds sur la route. [Winnipeg]: Conseil canadien des ministres de l'environnement, 2003.
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1944-, Graham Dorothy, and Finzi Susannah, eds. Software inspection. Wokingham, England: Addison-Wesley, 1993.
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O'Brien, James Jerome. Construction inspection handbook: Quality assurance/quality control. 3rd ed. New York, N.Y: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.
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S, Strauss Susan, ed. Software inspection process. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Inspection qualité"
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Pham, Duc Truong, and Ercan Oztemel. "Inspection." In Intelligent Quality Systems, 144–66. London: Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1498-7_7.
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Lovejoy, David. "Quality control." In Magnetic Particle Inspection, 289–320. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1536-0_11.
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O’Brien, James J. "Quality Assurance Plans." In Construction Inspection Handbook, 14–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6017-3_2.
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O’Brien, James J. "Quality Trend Setters." In Construction Inspection Handbook, 66–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6017-3_6.
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O’Brien, James J. "Total Quality Management." In Construction Inspection Handbook, 110–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6017-3_9.
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Fox, Michael J. "Inspection techniques." In Quality Assurance Management, 132–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7140-1_10.
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O’Brien, James J. "Quality Control Inspection Team." In Construction Inspection Handbook, 125–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6017-3_10.
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O’Brien, James J. "Quality Assurance (QA) Plans." In Construction Inspection Handbook, 14–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1191-2_2.
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O’Brien, James J. "Quality Control Inspection Team." In Construction Inspection Handbook, 69–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1191-2_6.
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Stout, Ken. "Automated Inspection." In Quality Control in Automation, 219–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7499-2_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Inspection qualité"
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Ito, Teruaki. "Air Bubble Detection for Product Quality Inspection." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47630.
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Product quality is one of the critical issues to be competitive in the global market place. Especially, food production companies are strongly required to control high product quality in their production lines. The contaminations such as metallic, or plastic, organic materials are harmful to human body and should be eliminate as much as possible. Therefore, machine inspections, such as X-ray or fluorescence spectrum methods work effectively to eliminate these contamination substances. However, the final inspections are taken care of by human inspectors to make sure the product quality kept in the required specifications. Contaminations are not perfectly eliminated by machine inspections and human inspections could cover some of them. That is not the only reason why the human inspector takes care of. Even though there is no contamination in the products, appearance of products may decrease the quality of the products. For example, even though air bubble has nothing to do with the taste of Tofu, customers do not purchase such Tofu which contains many air bubbles, whereas they would buy Tofu with some air bubble. Therefore, human inspectors review the Tofu package to check the defective products because of the air bubble, which is hard to be processed by machine inspection. This study proposes image processing-based air bubble detection method on Tofu packages to inspect the product quality without image sensor devices. Based on the results of air bubble detection on the Tofu package, the evaluation will be made on each package. The study applied an evaluation criterion based on the experiments. However, the results are not always identical to those by human inspection because of the disagreement of threshold value in evaluation. This paper presents the image-processing air bubble detection method to determine the quality of Tofu products and discusses the feasibility of this method in comparison with the human inspection results.
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Brooks, Brian D., and Hubert Lindner. "Post-Construction ILI Execution Planning Guidelines for Pipeline Quality Verification." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78358.
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Inline inspections following new pipeline construction completion as a means of ensuring specific quality requirements are fulfilled poses unique challenges when compared with inline inspections in operating pipelines. Construction contractors are often responsible for conducting a post-construction inline inspection as part of construction quality verification; however, construction contractors often lack expertise in planning and conducting inline inspections. Schedule constraints for conducting inline inspections, often introduced because of other prior construction delays, can contribute to poor planning and execution. The consequent undesirable outcome may be failed inspections further delaying pipeline construction completion, turnover to the Client, and final payments. It is in the interest of all stakeholders to ensure inline inspections be completed in a timely manner and in a way that maximizes the likelihood that the needed pipeline data will be successfully acquired. It is crucial for post-construction inline inspection success, that all stakeholders poses basic knowledge of operational requirements and inspection proceedings. Additionally, adequate planning of the inline inspection proceedings can greatly mitigate the risks associated with the inline inspection. To ensure necessary considerations and the division of responsibilities is clear and understood among all stakeholders; a Post-Construction ILI Execution Plan is prepared. The Inline Inspection Contractor is responsible for completion of the Post-Construction ILI Execution Plan in consultation with other stakeholders. The contents of the Post-Construction ILI Execution Plan include project information, run conditions, and stakeholder contact information. Moreover, it defines the assignment of stakeholder responsibilities and involvement for all inspection planning and execution aspects.
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Hryshchenko, Bogdan, Mykhailo Polianskyi, Anatoliy Nosovskyy, and Oleksandr Sevbo. "The Use of Risk-Informed Inspection Approaches of Ukraine." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16242.
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Currently in Ukraine inspection activity is based on deterministic conservative principles, operation experience and expert appraisal of the inspector. Possibility and benefits of PSA are used with low efficiency. Results of the study conducted by IFC (International Financial Corporation) indicate the absence of a risk-informed approach in the practice of inspections in Ukraine. Also, according to the World Bank appraisal of the investment climate in Ukraine it should be concluded that until regulatory authorities begin implementation of a risk-informed approach in planning inspections in Ukraine random unscheduled events will dominate and won’t provide the goal of State Inspection. Information which obtained from the PSA helps to direct human and financial resources to the problems research that are the most important for safety, and to eliminate or reduce the requirements, which will reduce expenses of solution for significant issues. Inspection in the planning, preparation, implementation and evaluation of the results of which, in addition to deterministic estimates, operating experience and expertise evaluating risk are used is called the risk-informed inspection. The use of risk-informed approaches allows to: focus inspections on design and operational aspects, which have dominant influence on the safety of nuclear power plants (NPP); improve the schedule of inspections (recording of risk assessments in determining the scope, frequency, and type of inspection); and use an additional source of information on the systems and the components of power units, personnel availability. Applying a risk-informed approach to inspection, inspectors can focus primarily on systems that make the largest contribution to core damage frequency, failure of which leads to significant increase of CDF. Risk-informed approach allows to select the most important elements to test systems that will increase the efficiency and quality of inspections. Based on the above it can be concluded that the experience of inspector, his knowledge of the power unit design, the process, the mechanisms of failure of equipment and of accident running, the use of information on the importance of components and systems for the safety of nuclear power plants, obtained from PSA — an effective way to achieve the best results in improving safety.
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Hansen, Bruce, Skip Brown, and David Kuhtenia. "Update on Hazardous Liquid Integrity Management Inspections for US Operators." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10607.
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The US Department of Transportation’s Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) started the second round of integrity management inspections on hazardous liquid pipeline operators in mid-2005. Since then PHMSA has used the information gained from all of the Hazardous Liquid Integrity Management (HL IM) inspections to continue the development of the HL IM inspection process. In 2000 and 2002, the US Department of Transportation’s Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) published new regulations requiring integrity management programs for hazardous liquid pipeline operators. The fundamental objectives for HL IM have not changed: 1) to increase the level of integrity assessments (i.e., in-line inspection or pressure testing) for pipelines that can affect high consequence areas; 2) to improve operator integrity management systems; 3) to improve government oversight of operator integrity management programs; and 4) to improve public assurance in pipeline safety. The IM rule is based on a set of management-based requirements (referred to as “Program Elements” in the rule) that are fundamentally different from the previously existing, largely prescriptive pipeline safety requirements. The evaluation of operator compliance with these requirements requires the inspection of management and analytical processes - aspects of operator’s business that are not reviewed in standard PHMSA compliance inspections. PHMSA has gained significant experience with the fundamentally different approach to oversight needed to assure operators are developing and implementing effective integrity management programs. This paper describes the lessons learned from the inspections themselves and from basic changes in the management of the HL IM inspection program. PHMSA completed the initial integrity management inspection of all large hazardous liquid pipeline operators in 2004 and has continued inspecting both small system IM operators and re-inspecting large operators. As of December 2005 PHMSA has completed the inspection of 175 first round interstate hazardous liquid pipeline operators of which 101 are interstate systems and 74 are programs of intrastate hazardous liquid operators. Additionally, 14 second round inspections of hazardous liquid operators have been performed. Since the initial pilot hazardous liquid integrity management (HL IM) inspections in 2002 PHMSA has found that operators generally understand what portions of their pipeline systems can affect high consequence areas, and have made significant progress in conducting integrity assessments for these areas (Figure 1). However, the development of effective management and analytical processes, and quality data and information to support these processes still requires considerable attention from some operators. While most operators appear to be headed in the right direction, fundamental changes to management systems require time and management commitment. PHMSA recognizes this situation and continues to develop and implement an inspection and enforcement approach that seeks to assure compliance with the rule requirements and continuous improvement in operator integrity management programs. Finally, after several years of integrity management development and associated inspections PHMSA gained additional experience about how to perform this new type of inspection. An important change in the program took place in late 2004 when the PHMSA regions took over the scheduling, inspection program, and other aspects of managing the IM inspections. This paper also addresses what PHMSA learned about its inspection program, and how this program is being positioned by the regions to support on-going inspections of hazardous liquid operator integrity management programs.
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Matthews, Stephen John, Ross Sutherland, and Gareth McIntyre. "Enhanced Operational Integrity Management Via Digital Twin." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210998-ms.
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Abstract During the early stages of the Covid pandemic, the oil and gas industry was faced with significant challenges in executing inspections for ageing offshore oil and gas infrastructure together with the management of various operational integrity threats. These challenges were addressed through the collaborative development of remote, digital techniques to minimise inspector time offshore and maximise efficiency. This initially involved a review and challenge of our existing operational integrity management lifecycle, comprising systems data, risk-based strategy development, inspection planning, inspection execution, data management, anomaly management (including fabric maintenance and engineering repairs) and close-out. Working with our partner, GDi, we sought to drive a step change into digital integrity management, combined with streamlined workflows, activities, and administrative tasks. The pilot development involved comprehensive laser scanning of a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) facility to generate a dimensionally accurate digital twin, overlayed with 360° HD photogrammetry to provide a thorough baseline for subsequent general visual inspections of pressure equipment, piping systems and structural elements. General visual inspections can now be executed remotely, without the requirement for an offshore inspector. The digital twin environment also supported transformation of inspector-led activities, through optimisation of processes, digital inspection workflows via tablets and seamless integration with the integrity management platform. The pilot development also involved enhancing the anomaly risk management process, including management of mitigations (such as temporary repairs) and actions required to resolve and close anomalies. For the anomaly actions, the digital twin environment enables the accurate estimation of fabric maintenance scopes and dimensionally accurate repairs for corrective work orders. The system also facilitates a unique overview of cumulative risk via the plotting of anomalies in the digital twin space. The digitally enhanced operational integrity management system has substantially reduced direct costs and personnel safety risks, enabled substantial improvements in productivity (up to 200% for inspections), and improved the quality of integrity management outcomes.
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Carter, Daniel, and Kari Gonzales. "Nondestructive Inspection Methods for Railroad Castings." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36199.
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Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) has investigated various nondestructive inspection (NDI) methods to determine if they are capable of reliably inspecting side frames, bolsters, knuckles, and couplers. The NDI methods used for this investigation include dry and wet (fluorescent) magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, alcohol wipe, visual, ultrasonic (pulse-echo and phased array), and radiography. Inspection results from all methods were used to determine which methods produced repeatable results. From the initial inspection analysis, TTCI engineers determined that the magnetic particle inspection method is the most capable for detecting defects in railroad castings. Further investigation of the magnetic particle technique was completed to develop reliable inspection methods for use on bolsters, side frames, knuckles, and couplers. Each of the inspection techniques have been used for inspections in the field. Using the results of the field tests, procedures were developed by TTCI and submitted to the Association of American Railroads’ (AAR) Coupling Systems and Truck Castings Committee for review and implementation. The inspection procedures can be used by manufacturers, railroads, and car repair shops. Limitations of the inspection procedures include the amount of time necessary to perform the inspection and the reliability of detecting certain types of defects below the surface of the casting. Although these limitations exist, the procedures developed by TTCI are expected to improve the quality of in-service castings and reduce the number of train partings and derailments due to broken or cracked components.
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Cui, Kaiyan. "Algorithm and Application of Pipeline In-Line Inspection Data Alignment." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84011.
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Abstract With the publication of GB 32167, pipeline in-line inspection has been executed comprehensively in China, which causes many problems such as mismatching, missing and misreporting of pipeline features, commanding inspection level of different providers to improve the inspection quality, data mining of multiple rounds of inspections and so on. In-line inspection data alignment can solve these problems efficiently. In this paper, a series of in-line inspection data automatic alignment experiences and rules are put forward, which can find out the error of in-line inspection data initially, realize the alignment of above-ground and underground features of pipeline, search and locate the combined defects of one inspection data, and match defects of different rounds of inspections. Thus problems such as locating pipeline defects and segments above ground, judging and analysis of different kinds of combined defects, quality verification of inspection data from different service providers, knowing the evolution of defects for pipeline, etc. can be solved. The methodology is applied to one certain product oil pipeline in China and the following results are obtained. Two ILIs data alignment rates of bends, girth wields and defects are 100%, 99.05% and 28.6%. The result shows that 2 dents intersecting the metal loss in 2016 ILI and 4 metal losses in the heat affected zone of girth weld in 2021 ILI are unreported. Reasons for low defects alignment rate are proposed. The results demonstrate problems such as misreporting and missing of combined defects, bends, girth welds and other features, as well as quality problems and logical errors existed in two rounds of ILIs data. The relevant advices were given to the pipeline enterprise finally.
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Fukuda, Shuichi. "Virtual Reality for Reverse Quality Management." In ASME 2011 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2011-5580.
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Currently, quality management is carried out in a sequential feed forward manner. Inspections are carried out from process to process. As the requirements are getting diversified, the number of inspections increases rapidly. This approach is verification-based. But if we look at quality management from validation point of view, another quality management and inspection approach comes up. It is to look at quality management in the reverse direction from customers’ point of view. If we consider quality as satisfaction of our customers, then we can reduce the number of inspections and focus our efforts to carry out inspections to really satisfy our customers, not to satisfy design requirements. To achieve this goal, we have to characterize our customer’s quality requirements as patterns and use customer’s profiles of quality to manage quality in production. This is a feed back approach and we need feedback information about how our customers use our machines. Although this approach has great benefits of really satisfying our customers and of substantially reducing number of inspections, its disadvantage is that it cannot be applied to new products. But if we utilize VR technology, we can estimate how our customers will use such new products in their own environments and can obtain our customer’s profiles of quality requirements before they are really put to use. Such virtual feedback will enable application of reverse quality management to new products and would satisfy our customers greatly and would reduce the number of inspections greatly. Last but most important is that such feedback information will provide us with information how we should change our design models to really meet our customer’s expectations.
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McCollum, Anthony J., and Andrew K. Forrest. "Color metric for production quality control." In Industrial Lasers and Inspection (EUROPTO Series), edited by Elzbieta A. Marszalec and Emanuele Trucco. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.364322.
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Si, Jun, Yuqing Yang, Zhenrong Yan, and Xiaoming Luo. "Development and Application of Risk-Based Inspection in Ethylene Compression Unit." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28913.
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Inspections are widely used in the process industries to reduce risk related to failure on static mechanical equipment. Risk-based inspection is one of effective tools to optimize inspection and maintenance planning. Based on principle of the risk-based inspection methodology, the main failure modes and damage mechanisms of pressure vessels and pipelines in ethylene compression unit are identified. The risk assessment of pressure vessels and pipelines is carried out. All pressure vessels and pipelines in this unit are prioritized based on the level of risk. Risk mitigation measures and optimal inspection and maintenance strategy are proposed. The results of risk evaluation have highlighted a clear improvement in the quality of inspection and maintenance of the ethylene compression unit.
Reports on the topic "Inspection qualité"
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Cai, Hubo, JungHo Jeon, Xin Xu, Yuxi Zhang, and Liu Yang. Automating the Generation of Construction Checklists. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317273.
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Construction inspection is a critical component of INDOT’s quality assurance (QA) program. Upon receiving an inspection notice/assignment, INDOT inspectors review the plans and specifications to identify the construction quality requirements and conduct their inspections accordingly. This manual approach to gathering inspection requirements from textual documents is time-consuming, subjective, and error-prone. This project addresses this critical issue by developing an inspection requirements database along with a set of tools to automatically gather the inspection requirements and provide field crews with customized construction checklists during the inspection with the specifics of what to check, when to check, and how to check, as well as the risks and the actions to take when noncompliance is encountered. This newly developed toolset eliminates the manual effort required to acquire construction requirements, which will enhance the efficiency of the construction inspection process at INDOT. It also enables the incorporation of field-collected data to automate future compliance checking and facilitate construction documentation.
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Lubowa, Nasser, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Pharmaceutical Industry in Uganda: A Review of the Common GMP Non-conformances during Regulatory Inspections. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317442.
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The prevalence of substandard medicines in Africa is high but not well documented. Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are likely to face considerable challenges with substandard medications. Africa faces inadequate drug regulatory practices, and in general, compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in most of the pharmaceutical industries is lacking. The majority of pharmaceutical manufacturers in developing countries are often overwhelmed by the GMP requirements and therefore are unable to operate in line with internationally acceptable standards. Non-conformances observed during regulatory inspections provide the status of the compliance to GMP requirements. The study aimed to identify the GMP non-conformances during regulatory inspections and gaps in the production of pharmaceuticals locally manufactured in Uganda by review of the available 50 GMP reports of 21 local pharmaceutical companies in Uganda from 2016. The binary logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was applied to estimate the association between odds of a company failing to comply with the GMP requirements and non-conformances under each GMP inspection parameter. Analysis using dummy estimation to linear regression included determination of the relationship that existed between the selected variables (GMP inspection parameters) and the production capacity of the local pharmaceutical industry. Oral liquids, external liquid preparations, powders, creams, and ointments were the main categories of products manufactured locally. The results indicated that 86% of the non-conformances were major, 11% were minor, and 3% critical. The majority of the non-conformances were related to production (30.1%), documentation (24.5%), and quality control (17.6%). Regression results indicated that for every non-conformance under premises, equipment, and utilities, there was a 7-fold likelihood of the manufacturer failing to comply with the GMP standards (aOR=6.81, P=0.001). The results showed that major non-conformances were significantly higher in industries of small scale (B=6.77, P=0.02) and medium scale (B=8.40, P=0.04), as compared to those of large scale. This study highlights the failures in quality assurance systems and stagnated GMP improvements in these industries that need to be addressed by the manufacturers with support from the regulator. The addition of risk assessment to critical production and quality control operations and establishment of appropriate corrective and preventive actions as part of quality management systems are required to ensure that quality pharmaceuticals are manufactured locally.
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Richter, Eric S., Arthur L. McClellan, Jack Harrington, Jeanne Kerr, Dan Gresham, Dave Martin, and Brian Reilly. Process Approach to Determining Quality Inspection Deployment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626099.
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Lucas, Brian. Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Carbon Emissions. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.039.
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There is very little evidence that trade facilitation measures have a significant impact on carbon emissions, except in the case of trucks at land border crossings, where there is good evidence that trade facilitation can lead to significant reductions in emissions. There is good evidence that trade facilitation measures at land border crossings can reduce traffic congestion and waiting times for trucks, but only limited evidence of the impact of these improvements on carbon emissions. Computer models of inspection stations at the USA-Mexico border suggest that improving the efficiency of land border crossings through the driver, vehicle, and cargo pre-registration, automating inspection and administrative processes, and carrying out joint customs inspections could potentially reduce CO2 emissions from trucks by up to 86% in some cases. There appears to be no evidence available about whether trade facilitation efforts at seaports have an impact on carbon emissions; this issue appears to not have been studied by any ports, international agencies, or researchers. Some seaports have produced estimates of their carbon footprints, but none appear to have considered customs inspection or other activities related to trade facilitation as a distinct activity. Very few studies address the impacts of trade facilitation on carbon emissions across global value chains. Two studies that have done so suggest that trade facilitation measures could lead to small increases in CO2 emissions, ranging from less than 0.1% to 2.23%. Studies examining the more general relationship between increasing trade and carbon emissions, without specifically focusing on trade facilitation measures, have found mixed results including positive, negative, and inverse U-shaped relationships in different countries and groups of countries; several of these studies suggest that a country’s level of economic development and quality of political institutions influence the relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions.
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Chen, Jian. Online Weld Quality Inspection System with Infrared Thermography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1471927.
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Uche, Chidi, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Retrospective Study of Inspectors Competency in the Act of Writing GMP Inspection Report. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317445.
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The research was a retrospective study of twenty-five Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports (from March 2017 through to December 2018) of a national medicine regulatory agency, drug Inspectorate, in West Africa, designed to assess the inspectors’ expertise in the act of inspection report writing. The investigation examined a paper-based tool of thirteen pre-registration Inspection reports and twelve GMP reassessment reports written prior and following an intervention program by external GMP trainers to enhance inspectors’ skill in pharmaceutical cGMP inspection. The study made use of quantitative analysis to investigate each team’s expertise in the act of writing GMP inspection report. Likewise, each report’s compliance with the requirements of three regulatory standards on GMP inspection report writing was ascertained. Impact of intervention program on lead inspectors’ competence was assessed. Lastly, gap in each team writing effectiveness, and lead inspectors’ abilities to deliver an effective report were determined. The results showed one of the inspection team (4.0%) wrote an excellent report. Two (8.0%) of the twenty-five inspection teams penned good inspection reports. Eleven (44.0%) teams drafted needs improvement reports and the remaining eleven teams (44.0%) prepared unacceptable reports. The excellent report and the two good reports had report format that meet expectation. One (50.0%) of the good reports showed the authors possess excellent knowledge of cGMP technical areas. The remain good report (50.0%) revealed the writers’ knowledge.as good. The excellent report showed the authors displayed partial mastery in the use of objective evidence while the two good reports disclosed theirs as having partial and evolving abilities. One of the teams (50.0%) that wrote good reports displayed good use of third person narrative past tense in report writing whereas the other team used the same tense and voice excellently. Generally, a sort of marginal level of performance was prominent among the inspection teams. A gap, if not tackled, will slow down regulatory process through increase report review, litigations that query report factual accuracy (AIHO, 2017) and delay in issuance of marketing authorization. In conclusion, trainings on quality attributes, such as technical content (Quality Management System (QMS) and Site), the use of objective evidence, assignment of risk levels to GMP violations and citing of applicable laws, regulation and guidelines that substantiate GMP observations, were recommended, to enhance knowledge sharing and regulators’ performance in the act of writing inspection report.
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Peñaloza, Blanca. Do external inspections of compliance with standards improve quality of care in healthcare organisations? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/161111.
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External inspection systems are used in healthcare to improve adherence to quality standards. They are intended to promote changes in organizational structures or processes, in healthcare provider behavior and consequently in patient outcomes.
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Stromberg, H. M., G. D. Roberts, and J. H. Bryce. Quality assurance inspections for shipping and storage containers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/233320.
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Shiihi, Solomon, U. G. Okafor, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Improving the Outcome of GMP Inspections by Improving Proficiency of Inspectors through Consistent GMP Trainings. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317433.
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Approximately 90% of the pharmaceutical inspectors in a pharmacy practice regulatory agency in West Africa have not updated their training on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection in at least eight years. However, in the last two years the inspectors relied on learning-on-the job skills. During this time, the agency introduced about 17% of its inspectors to hands-on GMP trainings. GMP is the part of quality assurance that ensures the production or manufacture of medicinal products is consistent in order to control the quality standards appropriate for their intended use as required by the specification of the product. Inspection reports on the Agency’s GMP inspection format in-between 2013 to 2019 across the six geopolitical zones in the country were reviewed retrospectively for gap analysis. Sampling was done in two phases. During the first phase sampling of reports was done by random selection, using a stratified sampling method. In the second phase, inspectors from the Regulatory Agency from different regions were contacted on phone to send in four reports each by email. For those that forwarded four reports, two, were selected. However for those who forwarded one or two, all were considered. Also, the Agency’s inspection format/checklist was compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) GMP checklist and the GMP practice observed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reporting skills and the ability of inspectors to interpret findings vis-à-vis their proficiency in inspection activities hence the efficiency of the system. Secondly, the study seeks to establish shortfalls or adequacies of the Agency’s checklist with the aim of reviewing and improving in-line with best global practices. It was observed that different inspectors have different styles and methods of writing reports from the same check-list/inspection format, leading to non-conformances. Interpretations of findings were found to be subjective. However, it was also observed that inspection reports from the few inspectors with the hands-on training in the last two year were more coherent. This indicates that pharmaceutical inspectors need to be trained regularly to increase their knowledge and skills in order to be kept on the same pace. It was also observed that there is a slight deviation in placing sub indicators under the GMP components in the Agency’s GMP inspection format, as compared to the WHO checklist.
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Kurnik, C., and C. Woodley. NREL Job Task Analysis: Quality Control Inspector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1016434.
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