Journal articles: 'Inspection manual'

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Rahman, N. N. S. Abdul, N. M. Saad, A. R. Abdullah, M. R. M. Hassan, M. S. S. M. Basir, and N. S. M. Noor. "Automated Real-Time Vision Quality Inspection Monitoring System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i2.pp775-783.

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The requirement of product quality inspection in industries for product standardized leads to a development of the quality inspection system. The problem is related to a manual inspection that is done by a human as an inspector. This paper presents an automated real-time vision quality inspection monitoring system as a problem solver to a manual inspection that is tedious and time-consuming task as well as reducing cost especially in small and medium enterprise industries (SME). For the proposed system, soft drink is used as the test product for quality inspection. The system uses computer-network to inspect two quality inspections which are color concentration and water level. The analysis includes pre-processing, color concentration using the histogram and quadratic distance and level inspection using coordinate vertical and horizontal reference levels. The similarities of both experimental and simulation results are obtained for both parameters which are 100% accuracy using 205 samples.

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Ludwig, Michael J., and Chris Conrardy. "Portable Weld Inspection Management System." Journal of Ship Production 23, no. 03 (August 1, 2007): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2007.23.3.147.

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Manual visual inspection is by far the most widely used weld inspection method. A given weld may be visually examined multiple times as parts are joined and made into assemblies. Because visual inspection is somewhat subjective, and prone to error (a typical inspector only identifies about 85% of the visible defects); welds that pass one inspection may fail subsequent inspections, resulting in multiple inspection and repair cycles. This paper discusses a project that tested the benefits and limitations of a semiautomated weld inspection system. The goal of this semiautomated inspection approach is to provide quantitative, nonsubjective quality measurements of welded structures in order to: eliminate redundant inspections, reduce unnecessary multiple repair cycles, avoid repair of welds that meet minimum size requirements, and enable recording of weld size so that overwelding can be identified and reduced. The technology would also allow tracking of weld quality and statistical analysis of welding process capability to support lean/six-sigma continuous improvement initiatives. A prototype system was assembled and field tested by inspecting actual ship structures. The equipment evaluated has potential, but needs both hardware and software modifications before it can be used as a tool on a regular basis in a shipbuilding environment. As is, it will be useful as an audit tool to gauge the health of the visual inspection process and to further document the inherent variability of the visual inspection process. Recommendations were made for improvements to refine the prototype tool prior to broader deployment.

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Tao, Jiagui, Qingmiao Chen, Jinxia Xu, Heng Zhao, and Siqi Song. "Utilization of Both Machine Vision and Robotics Technologies in Assisting Quality Inspection and Testing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (March 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7547801.

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Inspecting the smoothness and durability of the exterior and interior surfaces of manufactured products such as large passenger aircraft requires utilizing manufacturing precision instruments. Manual techniques are mainly adopted in inspections, which are, however, much costly and have low efficiency. Moreover, manual operation is more prone to missing and false inspections. To cope with these issues, effective precision instruments have been needed to devise intelligent inspections for impalpable damages as necessary tools. When many inspection tasks are investigated, very few public datasets are available to recognize the intelligent inspection of precision instruments. On the other hand, precision instruments can be applied to a wide variety of damages. YOLO V3 was proposed based on acquiring and processing the image appearances, which deal with the surface inspection of the precision instrument in this study. The image dataset of the impalpable damage was initially established. More specifically, the YOLO V3 detection network is leveraged to roughly calculate the location of the damage appearances and identify the damage type. Afterward, the designed level set algorithm was employed to obtain more accurate damage locations in the image block utilizing the characteristics of different types of damages. Finally, a quantitative analysis was performed employing the refined detection results. A deep architecture that can intelligently conduct damage detection was proposed. Besides, the proposed method exhibited a strong tolerance for unknown types of damages and excellent flexibility and adaptability. Extensive experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can alleviate the shortcomings of the traditional inspection methods. Thus, it provided technical guidance for the applications of the intelligent orbital inspection of the robots. The proposed method with a more precise and noninvasive inspection technique remarkably accelerates the inspection time of impalpable damages on surfaces.

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Novak, Gregor. "Camera-based Visual Rope Inspection." innoTRAC Journal 1 (December 3, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/innotrac.v1i0.462.

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The manual visual inspection of ropes, both wire and fibre ropes, is still the preferred method of choice for the inspection of suspension means and for safety assessment. As the ropes are usually of a longer length of several hundred metres, manual visual inspection can lead to undetected defects due to inspector fatigue. On the other hand, the inspector only sees the surface facing him and there is no recorded data of the inspection that can be used for clarification in case of a rope breakage. Due to these points, it is advantageous to perform an automated camera-based inspection where several cameras are arranged around the rope. Especially with high modular fibre ropes, which are used in more and more fields of application, visual inspection is a decisive point in the evaluation of operational safety. IFT is currently conducting and has conducted research projects in this field of work.

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Meng, Jian Jun, Fen Liu, Hong Qiang Sang, and Jin Tian Yun. "Automatic Programming System for Machining Center On-Line Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1233.

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Currently, manual inspection and off-line inspection play an important role in the inspection methods of machining process, which severely restricts the development of inspecting automation. In the paper, automatic programming system for machining center on-line inspection was developed by secondary development kit object ARX of AutoCAD. Inspecting datum was obtained, inspecting process planning was laid up and inspecting program was made automatically. The inspection can be applied to automatic workpiece setting up, on-line inspection of workpiece, data processing, quality analysis and compensation of machined workpiece errors, which led to increase precision, production efficiency and quality and reduced the rate of rejection and tool damage.

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Bennett, Gary F. "Multi-media compliance inspection manual." Journal of Hazardous Materials 12, no. 3 (December 1985): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(85)85023-8.

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Zhou, Jianlong, Ivan Lee, Bruce Thomas, Roland Menassa, Anthony Farrant, and Andrew Sansome. "In-Situ Support for Automotive Manufacturing Using Spatial Augmented Reality." International Journal of Virtual Reality 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2012.11.1.2835.

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In automotive manufacturing, quality inspection of spot welding demands excessive manual operations. Operators refer to a printed drawing of the testing body, with the inspection points marked on this drawing. Operators have to locate the matching spot on the drawing and the body manually to perform the inspection. Further more, different subsets of spots are inspected on different car bodies with a pre-determined sequence. This paper describes a system that projects visual data onto arbitrary surfaces for providing just-in-time information to a user in-situ within a physical work-cell. This system aims to reduce the inefficiencies and potential mistakes in manual inspection process. This paper discusses how spatial augmented reality and head-mount displays may be combined to display global information visible by all operators as well as personalized information to individuals. Further investigations on applying spatial augmented reality for spot welding inspections are explored, including four types of digital information projected onto the surfaces of car body parts under structured work environments: 1) Location of spot welds; 2) Inspection methods; 3) Operation Description Sheet (ODS) information; 4) Visualization of weld locating methods. Three visualization methods are used to attract operators' attention to locate the position of spot welds efficiently. This paper also proposes a method to project augmentations on objects moving along an assembly line. The proposed system allows operators becoming more effective and efficient in performing proper inspections, by providing them the required information at the required time without the need to refer to paper-based manuals or computer terminals.

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Sang, Hong Qiang, Fen Liu, Jian Jun Meng, and Jin Tian Yun. "Automatic Programming System Based on Solid Driven Technology for Machining Center On-Line Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.168.

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In modern manufacturing, it is urgent to require integrating manufacturing and inspection because manual inspection and off-line inspection severely restricts the development of inspecting automation. In the paper, automatic programming system based on solid driven technology for machining center on-line inspection has been developed by secondary development kit object ARX of CAD. Inspection feature datum and information were gotten by ARX tool in CAD stage, and then inspecting program can be automatically made up through inspecting process planning. On-line inspection automatic programming system based on solid driven technology has been applied in SSK-U6035 machining center. The application result shows that the programming system is simple and effective, which has realized integration of manufacturing and inspection more efficiently, increased precision, production efficiency and reduced the rate of rejection and tool damage.

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Sang, Hong Qiang, and Jian Jun Meng. "Five-Axis Machining Center On-Line Inspection System Based on Workpiece." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1150.

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Machining center on-line inspecting technology is an effective means that can improve precision and efficiency of machining center, which effectively integrates machining and inspection, makes machining center with partly inspecting function of coordinate measuring machines and improves the degree of inspecting automation compared with manual inspection and off-line inspection. Machining center on-line inspection system based on workpiece has been successfully developed and applied in SSK-U6035 five-axis machining center for palm inspection and control. The application result shows that machining center on-line inspection system based on workpiece can realize integration of machining and inspection more efficiently, increase precision and production efficiency, and reduce the rate of rejection and tool damage. At the same time, the on-line inspection system increases the additional function of the machining center for the manufacturer of machining center, improves the automation degree of the inspection and provides a new inspecting approach for other specific type’s workpiece.

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Hussain, Muhammad, Hussain Al-Aqrabi, Muhammad Munawar, Richard Hill, and Tariq Alsboui. "Domain Feature Mapping with YOLOv7 for Automated Edge-Based Pallet Racking Inspections." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 6927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186927.

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Pallet racking is an essential element within warehouses, distribution centers, and manufacturing facilities. To guarantee its safe operation as well as stock protection and personnel safety, pallet racking requires continuous inspections and timely maintenance in the case of damage being discovered. Conventionally, a rack inspection is a manual quality inspection process completed by certified inspectors. The manual process results in operational down-time as well as inspection and certification costs and undiscovered damage due to human error. Inspired by the trend toward smart industrial operations, we present a computer vision-based autonomous rack inspection framework centered around YOLOv7 architecture. Additionally, we propose a domain variance modeling mechanism for addressing the issue of data scarcity through the generation of representative data samples. Our proposed framework achieved a mean average precision of 91.1%.

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Hai, Zheng Ping, Zhi Hong Yang, and Jian Hua Ning. "Study on Inspection Methods for High-Speed Progressive-Die Punched Strips." Advanced Materials Research 940 (June 2014): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.69.

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The inspection of sheet strips post high-speed punching mainly relies on the manual off-line inspection with basic inspection equipment or CCD equipment. Such inspections cannot reflect the real-time conformity of strip machining, and in severe cases, lead to rejects in batches, causing a tremendous waste in production. Now that the application of charge-coupled device (CCD) technology in product inspection is relatively mature, it would be a very good thought to adopt the CCD technology to realize real-time online inspection of conformity of the high-speed punched strips. KeyWords: CCD technology; strip; online automatic inspection; progressive die

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Bown, Michael, and Kevin Miller. "The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Sloped Roof Inspections – Considerations and Constraints." Journal of Facility Management Education and Research 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22361/jfmer/93832.

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Abstract Building roof inspections should be performed periodically to ensure repairs and replacements are done in a timely manner. These inspections get neglected on sloped roofs due to two factors: the inefficiency of manual visual inspections, and the difficulty of accessing sloped roofs. Walking a roof to inspect each tile is time consuming. As roof slope increases so does this difficulty, increasing the time needed for an inspection. Additionally, there is an inherent safety risk involved. Falls from roofs tend to cause serious and expensive injuries. These two factors, safety and efficiency, motivated this study, the purpose of which was to determine whether Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be used to perform sloped roof inspections efficiently, thus eliminating the safety risk involved in manual inspections. The metric for determining whether this is possible was that there is a UAV available on the market that (1) produces images in sufficient quality to make maintenance decisions, (2) can be flown efficiently enough so that the inspection process can be done in less than two hours for a building with a roof of about 30,000 sqft, (3) can be controlled safely by amateur pilots, and (4) is reasonably priced. The study was done in three phases. Phase 1 addressed the choice of UAV. Phase 2 explored image quality and UAV flying. Phase 3 developed the optimal approach. The study found that an economic UAV can be used in a way that makes manual inspections unnecessary. Still images and manual UAV control were sufficient and large roofs could be done in well under two hours using a three-step approach with images taken at various heights. This study has therefore identified an economical and effective technology-based alternative process for sloped roof inspection using UAVs that eliminates the risk of working at height.

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Pan, W. W., Y. J. Dou, G. L. Wang, M. X. Wu, R. G. Ren, and X. Xu. "DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF BLIMP-BASED COMPACT LIDAR POWEWR-LINE INSPECTION SYSTEM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3/W2 (March 10, 2015): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-w2-155-2015.

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This paper introduces a compact LIDAR system designed to inspect overhead transmission line for maintenance purposes. This LIDAR system is carried by a small unmanned helium airship, which is guided by GPS and laser ranging to fly automatically along the power-line over a limited distance. The 3D coordinates of the power line, power tower and power line channel features are gathered by LIDAR. Test have been accomplished using this blimp-based compact LIDAR power-line inspection system. Its inspections of a 500kV power lines also shows the high efficient inspection, less risk to personnel and more inspections per day compared with manual inspection.

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Aurigemma, Salvatore, and Ray Panko. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Static Analysis Programs Versus Manual Inspection in the Detection of Natural Spreadsheet Errors." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 26, no. 1 (January 2014): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2014010103.

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Spreadsheets are widely used in the business, public, and private sectors. However, research and practice has generally shown that spreadsheets frequently contain errors. Several researchers and vendors have proposed the use of spreadsheet static analysis programs (SAPs) as a means to augment or potentially replace the manual inspection of spreadsheets for errors. SAPs automatically search spreadsheets for indications of certain types of errors and present these indications to the inspector. Despite the potential importance of SAPs, their effectiveness has not been examined. This study explores the effectiveness of two widely fielded SAPs in comparison to manual human inspection on a set of naturally generated quantitative errors in a simple, yet realistic, spreadsheet model. The results showed that while manual human inspection results for this study were consistent with previous research in the field, the performance of the static analysis programs at detecting natural errors was very poor for every category of spreadsheet errors.

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Wen, Li Min, Chang Bao Wen, and Yan Ming Li. "Research of a Driving Equipment for Aero-Engine Rotor Based on FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.725.

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The positioning accuracy can bring a great impact on inspecting defect for Aero-engine blade. The high or low pressure rotor of engine is generally driven by manual when blade’s defect is inspected. Frequently，False detection and missed happens due to match failure between two persons. Adopting a high-resolution, high-accuracy algorithm based on FPGA to design automotive equipment for high or low rotor . The Frequency range to step motor is 1Hz / s to 65536Hz / s, resolution is 1Hz,and positioning accuracy for blade can be up to 1mm.Resolving the questions of missing detectable rates made by manual during inspection in the paper, and increasing efficiency for inspection and the reliability of the experimental result. Experiment results show that this equipment can meet the challenge of the high-accuracy regulating speed for blade’s inspection.

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Chen, Luobing, Zhiqiang Hu, Fangfang Zhang, Zhongjin Guo, Kun Jiang, Changchun Pan, and Wei Ding. "Remote Wind Farm Path Planning for Patrol Robot Based on the Hybrid Optimization Algorithm." Processes 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102101.

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Globally, wind power plays a leading role in the renewable energy industry. In order to ensure the normal operation of a wind farm, the staff will regularly check the equipment of the wind farm. However, manual inspection has some disadvantages, such as heavy workload, low efficiency and easy misjudgment. In order to realize automation, intelligence and high efficiency of inspection work, inspection robots are introduced into wind farms to replace manual inspections. Path planning is the prerequisite for an intelligent inspection robot to complete inspection tasks. In order to ensure that the robot can take the shortest path in the inspection process and avoid the detected obstacles at the same time, a new path-planning algorithm is proposed. The path-planning algorithm is based on the chaotic neural network and genetic algorithm. First, the chaotic neural network is used for the first step of path planning. The planning results are encoded into chromosomes to replace the individuals with the worst fitness in the genetic algorithm population. Then, according to the principle of survival of the fittest, the population is selected, hybridized, varied and guided to cyclic evolution to obtain the new path. The shortest path obtained by the algorithm can be used for the robot inspection of the wind farms in remote areas. The results show that the proposed new algorithm can generate a shorter inspection path than other algorithms.

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Bono, Antonio, Luigi D’Alfonso, Giuseppe Fedele, Anselmo Filice, and Enrico Natalizio. "Path Planning and Control of a UAV Fleet in Bridge Management Systems." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081858.

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Traditional methodologies for precise inspection of bridges (pavement, beams, column cap, column, joints and inside box girder, etc.) with By-bridge equipment, Aerial Work Platform (AWP) or via ropes have several limits that can be overcome by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The constant development in this field allows us to go beyond the manual control and the use of a single UAV. In the context of inspection rules, this research provides new inputs to the multilevel approach used today and to the methods of structural inspection with drones. Today, UAV-based inspections are limited by manual and/or semi-automatic control with many restrictions on trajectory settings, especially for areas of difficult access with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) denied that still require the intervention of a human operator. This work proposes the use of autonomous navigation with a fleet of UAVs for infrastructural inspections. Starting from a digital twin, a solution is provided to problems such as the definition of a set of reference trajectories and the design of a position controller. A workflow to integrate a generic Bridge Management System (BMS) with this type of approach is provided.

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Barretto, Tania, Eric Rentschler, and Sascha Gentes. "Development of a mobile, automated, optical inspection system for radioactive barrels." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-3-2021.

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Abstract. Due to the delayed construction and commissioning of a German repository for intermediate- and low-level radioactive waste, waste inventories from several decades are now located at the interim storage sites, the safe custody of which must also be ensured for an indefinite period of interim storage. The usual practice in the interim storage facilities is recurrent inspections, which are carried out almost exclusively manually and without electronic comparative recordings as well as without mechanical documentation and archiving. Remote or automated inspection does not take place. The inspections are carried out visually and are therefore very subjective and thus subject to errors. Manual performance is labor intensive and requires the use of personnel exposed to radiation. Neither are uniform inspection criteria of the visual inspections applied, nor are the inspections performed uniformly between sites. Based on these facts, the Institute for Technology and Management in Construction, Department of Deconstruction and Decommissioning of Conventional and Nuclear Buildings, together with the Institute for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, is developing an automated drum inspection system as part of the funding measure FORKA – Research for the Deconstruction of Nuclear Facilities. EMOS is a mobile inspection unit that remotely and automatically records the entire surface of the drum, including lid and bottom, optically; evaluates it analytically; and both stores it electronically and outputs the results in the form of an inspection report. In this way, recurring inspections of the drum stock can be completed under the same inspection conditions each time. A decisive advantage is the possibility of carrying out the inspection remotely in order to reduce the radiation dose to the employees on site. The optical evaluation, display and output of the results will ensure a more precise inspection and analysis of the drum surfaces through software to be specially developed than is possible through manual and visual inspections as currently performed in the interim storage facilities. The continuous monitoring of the stored drums will be facilitated and also the tracing of possible damage development through the comparison of archived measurement results is a novel and powerful tool that helps to increase and ensure the safety aspects of interim storage in the long term. Changes in drum geometry as well as in the surface condition (e.g. corrosion formation, etc.) can be identified at an early stage with the help of the inspection unit, and measures can be taken at an early stage to counteract the loss of integrity of the storage containers.

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Alves, Everton L. G., Myoungkyu Song, Tiago Massoni, Patricia D. L. Machado, and Miryung Kim. "Refactoring Inspection Support for Manual Refactoring Edits." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 44, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.2017.2679742.

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Bennett, G. F. "Hazard communication standard inspection manual, 3rd edn." Journal of Hazardous Materials 34, no. 1 (April 1993): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(93)87006-f.

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Caballero, Rafael, Jesús Parra, Miguel Ángel Trujillo, Francisco J. Pérez-Grau, Antidio Viguria, and Aníbal Ollero. "Aerial Robotic Solution for Detailed Inspection of Viaducts." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 8404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188404.

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The inspection of public infrastructure, such as viaducts and bridges, is crucial for their proper maintenance given the heavy use of many of them. Current inspection techniques are very costly and manual, requiring highly qualified personnel and involving many risks. This article presents a novel solution for the detailed inspection of viaducts using aerial robotic platforms. The system provides a highly automated visual inspection platform that does not rely on GPS and could even fly underneath the infrastructure. Unlike commercially available solutions, our system automatically references the inspection to a global coordinate system usable throughout the lifespan of the infrastructure. In addition, the system includes another aerial platform with a robotic arm to make contact inspections of detected defects, thus providing information that cannot be obtained only with images. Both aerial robotic platforms feature flexibility in the choice of camera or contact measurement sensors as the situation requires. The system was validated by performing inspection flights on real viaducts.

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Hernandez, A., O. Altuzarra, V. Petuya, Ch Pinto, and E. Amezua. "A robot for non-destructive testing weld inspection of offshore mooring chains." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 172988141877053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418770532.

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Welding flaw detection is a key step in manufacturing many components. In offshore chains, every link is manufactured from a steel bar that is bent and the ends joined by flash butt welding. Ultrasonic inspection of the welded area is required for classification. Defects, if any, are parallel to the welded area, which do not favour detection by manual inspection with 45° beams, as per usual practice . This article reports on CIRUS, a robot developed for automatic inspection of the weld area using a combination of pulse-echo and pitch-catch ultrasonic testing. The robot kinematic structure includes global positioning, local positioning and inspection subsystems, and each subsystem design is described in detail. A data acquisition system processes ultrasonic inspection results and provides visual information for the inspector as well as traceability for quality manufacturing.

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Huang, Bin, Jiang Feng Li, Wei Fu, and Dong Ying Yang. "A New Method for Residual Liquid Inspection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.92.

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Residual liquid inspection is an important process before filling up in the beer filling line. It aims to inspect that whether there is residual alkali liquid in the inspecting bottles and improve the quality of the beer. At present, manual inspection can’t meet the requirements of high filling speed and high-accuracy inspection. While the automatic residual liquid inspection system at present has some defect such as poor security, low accuracy and reliability. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method for residual liquid inspection which is based on the principle of capacitive coupling and has realized non-contact measurement for residual liquid remaining in empty bottle. The inspection prototype is also designed for detection. In order to further improve detection reliability, the statistical process control method is also introduced in the residual liquid inspection system. According to experiments, it is indicated that this method can effectively improve accuracy, reliability and security of the detection and has high practical value.

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Wang, Tao, and Zhibin Li. "Overview of the Development Status and Path Planning Technology of Power Inspection Robots." Scientific Journal of Technology 4, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/sjt.v4i5.753.

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The substation is an important part of the transmission and transformation process of the power system, however, the traditional manual inspection of substation equipment will inevitably lead to some problems. With the development of intelligence in various fields in China, substation inspection robots will gradually replace manual inspection, and the article collates and analyzes the current situation of domestic and foreign research on power inspection robots, and analyzes the principle of the robot path planning method to facilitate the reference of readers engaged in research in related fields.

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Trujillo, Miguel, José Martínez-de Dios, Carlos Martín, Antidio Viguria, and Aníbal Ollero. "Novel Aerial Manipulator for Accurate and Robust Industrial NDT Contact Inspection: A New Tool for the Oil and Gas Inspection Industry." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061305.

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There is a strong demand in the oil and gas industry to develop alternatives to manual inspection. This paper presents AeroX, a novel aerial robotic manipulator that provides physical contact inspection with unprecedented capabilities. AeroX has a semi-autonomous operation, which provides interesting advantages in contact inspection. In the free-flight mode, the pilot guides the robot until performing contact with its end-effector on the surface to be inspected. During contact, AeroX is in its fully-autonomous global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-free contact–flight mode, in which the robot keeps its relative position w.r.t. the surface contact point using only its internal sensors. During autonomous flight, the inspector can move—with uninterrupted contact—the end-effector on the surface for accurately selecting the points where to perform A-scan measurements or continuous B-scan or C-scan inspections. AeroX adopts an eight-tilted rotor configuration and a simple and efficient design, which provides high stability, maneuverability, and robustness to rotor failure. It can perform contact inspection on surfaces at any orientation, including vertical, inclined, horizontal-top or horizontal-bottom, and its operation can be easily integrated into current maintenance operations in many industries. It has been extensively validated in outdoor experiments including a refinery and has been awarded the EU Innovation Radar Prize 2017.

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Hao, Hongyun, Peng Fang, Enze Duan, Zhichen Yang, Liangju Wang, and Hongying Wang. "A Dead Broiler Inspection System for Large-Scale Breeding Farms Based on Deep Learning." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (August 7, 2022): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081176.

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Stacked cage is the main breeding method of the large-scale farm in China. In broiler farms, dead broiler inspection is a routine task in the breeding process. It refers to the manual inspection of all cages and removal of dead broilers in the broiler house by the breeders every day. However, as the total amount of broilers is huge, the inspection work is not only time-consuming but also laborious. Therefore, a dead broiler inspection system is constructed in this study to replace the manual inspection work. It mainly consists of an autonomous inspection platform and a dead broiler detection model. The automatic inspection platform performs inspections at the speed of 0.2 m/s in the broiler house aisle, and simultaneously collects images of the four-layer broilers. The images are sent to a server and processed by a dead broiler detection model, which was developed based on the YOLOv3 network. A mosaic augment, the Swish function, an spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) module, and complete intersection over union (CIoU) loss are used to improve the YOLOv3 performance. It achieves a 98.6% mean average precision (intersection of union (IoU) = 0.5) and can process images at 0.007 s per frame. The dead broiler detection model is robust to broilers of different ages and can adapt to different lighting conditions. It is deployed on the server with a human–machine interface. By observing the processing results using the human–machine interface, the breeders could directly find the cage position of dead broilers and remove them, which could reduce the workload of breeders and promote the intelligent development of poultry breeding.

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Bennett, Gary F. "Industrial user inspection and sampling manual for POTWs." Journal of Hazardous Materials 48, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(96)90017-5.

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Razygraev, N. P. "Manual ultrasonic inspection of a nuclear power plant." Atomic Energy 76, no. 1 (January 1994): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02407862.

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Stephen, Okeke, Samaneh Madanian, and Minh Nguyen. "A Robust Deep Learning Ensemble-Driven Model for Defect and Non-Defect Recognition and Classification Using a Weighted Averaging Sequence-Based Meta-Learning Ensembler." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 17, 2022): 9971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249971.

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The need to overcome the challenges of visual inspections conducted by domain experts drives the recent surge in visual inspection research. Typical manual industrial data analysis and inspection for defects conducted by trained personnel are expensive, time-consuming, and characterized by mistakes. Thus, an efficient intelligent-driven model is needed to eliminate or minimize the challenges of defect identification and elimination in processes to the barest minimum. This paper presents a robust method for recognizing and classifying defects in industrial products using a deep-learning architectural ensemble approach integrated with a weighted sequence meta-learning unification framework. In the proposed method, a unique base model is constructed and fused together with other co-learning pretrained models using a sequence-driven meta-learning ensembler that aggregates the best features learned from the various contributing models for better and superior performance. During experimentation in the study, different publicly available industrial product datasets consisting of the defect and non-defect samples were used to train, validate, and test the introduced model, with remarkable results obtained that demonstrate the viability of the proposed method in tackling the challenges of the manual visual inspection approach.

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Li, Xinchun, Xiaolin Zhang, Quanlong Liu, Yueqian Zhang, Xiao Gu, and Zunxiang Qiu. "Research on Coal Mine Building Compliance Inspection System Based on Accident Causation and BIM in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 16466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416466.

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Coal mine construction projects have high risks, and non-compliant designs generated in the design stage will have adverse effects on subsequent construction and production stages. Therefore, it is of great importance to conduct effective preconstruction compliance inspections on coal mine construction designs. To make the compliance check of coal mine building design more rapid and effective, and to reduce the risks arising from the design phase, this study built a compliance inspection system for coal mine building design from the causes of coal mine accidents, using the Word2Vec word similarity calculation method and BIM platform secondary development technology. The system was tested and was found to be able to detect a 92.82% non-compliant component rate where the correct inspection rate was 97.68%. In addition, the inspection time for a single component was only 0.23 s. The construction of the compliance inspection system based on accident causes has changed the extensive inspection mode in the traditional manual model inspection, and the inspection no longer depends on the experience of inspectors, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of coal mine building model inspection. The inspection focuses on the building elements with high risks, which achieves the purpose of risk control in the design stage.

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Abramovich, Gil, Juyang Weng, and Debasish Dutta. "Adaptive Part Inspection Through Developmental Vision." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 127, no. 4 (March 8, 2005): 846–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2039103.

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We present a novel online inspection method for manufacturing processes that automatically adapts to variations in part and environmental properties. This method is based on a developmental learning architecture comprising a procedure that focuses attention to apparently defective regions, a recognition method that performs automatic feature derivation based on a set of training images and hierarchical classification, and an action step that controls attention and further decision processes. The method adapts to variations incrementally by updating rather than recreating the training information. Also, the method is capable of inspecting and training simultaneously. Addressing new inspection tasks requires neither re-programming and compatibility tests, nor quantitative knowledge about the image set, from a human developer. Instead, automatic or manual training of the inspection system according to simple guidelines is applied. These attributes allow the method to improve online performance with minimal ramp-up time. Our system performed inspection of three applications with low error rate and fast recognition, confirming its suitability for general-purpose, real-time, online inspection.

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Stamm, Michael, Peter Krüger, Helge Pfeiffer, Bernd Köhler, Johan Reynaert, and Martine Wevers. "In-Plane Heatwave Thermography as Digital Inspection Technique for Fasteners in Aircraft Fuselage Panels." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010132.

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The inspection of fasteners in aluminium joints in the aviation industry is a time consuming and costly but mandatory task. Until today, the manual procedure with the bare eye does not allow the temporal tracking of a damaging behavior or the objective comparison between different inspections. A digital inspection method addresses both aspects while resulting in a significant inspection time reduction. The purpose of this work is to develop a digital and automated inspection method based on In-plane Heatwave Thermography and the analysis of the disturbances due to thermal irregularities in the plate-like structure. For this, a comparison study with Ultrasound Lock-in Thermography and Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry as well as a benchmarking of all three methods on one serviceable aircraft fuselage panel is performed. The presented data confirm the feasibility to detect and to qualify countersunk rivets and screws in aluminium aircraft fuselage panels with the discussed methods. The results suggest a fully automated inspection procedure which combines the different approaches and a study with more samples to establish thresholds indicating intact and damaged fasteners.

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Zhou, Cong Ling, Jun Qiang Wu, Yong Qiang Wang, and Zeng Pu Xu. "A Soldering Defect Inspection System of a Special Integrated Circuit Board Based on Computer Vision." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.543.

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This paper introduces a soldering defect inspection system for a special integrated circuit board aided by the computer vision. Space occluder is fixed on this special integrated circuit board, which makes the light blocked from the CCD camera to the chip pins to be inspected. This system can inspect the light blocked soldering defects of the chip pins through the structure design of hardware system and the software system. It is a cheap but automatic soldering defect inspecting system, and can do the soldering defect detection instead of manual visual inspection, and improve the detection speed and stability.

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Novianto, Arief, Aat Eska Fahmadi, and Vinno El Tosi. "Kajian Penerapan Pemeriksaan Persyaratan Teknis Pada Unit Pelaksana Uji Berkala Kendaraan Bermotor Sesuai Buku Pedoman Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Jilid II B Dan II D." Jurnal Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan (Indonesian Journal of Road Safety) 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46447/ktj.v9i1.415.

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Motor vehicle testing is a series of activities to test and/or inspect parts of motorized vehicles, trailers, patch trains and special vehicles in the context of meeting technical requirements and roadworthiness both visually and manually. The problem faced is that there is no uniformity of technical services carried out in each of the Implementing Units of the Periodic Motorized Vehicle Test (UPUBKB). The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of items and the flow of the technical inspection process in UPUBKB with those in the motor vehicle testing manual volumes II B and II D. The sampling method used in this study was simple random sampling, amounting to 32 UPUBKB. from a total population of 212 UPUBKB in Indonesia that have obtained accreditation A and B. The data collection method used is literature study and observation using a questionnaire (Likert scale) and a check list. The submission of questionnaires and checklists was carried out offline and online to 32 UPUBKB locations spread throughout Indonesia. The data will be analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results of the study showed that only 53% or 17 UPUBKB had the flow of the vehicle technical inspection implementation process in accordance with the motor vehicle testing manual, 47% of the UPUBKB samples did not comply with the technical inspection flow. Of the 17 UPUBKB, there are 7 UPUBKB accredited A and 10 UPUBKB accredited B. Meanwhile, of the 32 samples of UPUBKB, not all of them have carried out technical inspections in accordance with the items in the motor vehicle testing manual, and based on the questionnaire, the examiner respondents at UPUBKB strongly agree (92 .5%) and expects a national standard for technical inspection of motor vehicles.

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Brierley, N., T. Tippetts, and P. Cawley. "Data fusion for automated non-destructive inspection." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2167 (July 8, 2014): 20140167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0167.

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In industrial non-destructive evaluation (NDE), it is increasingly common for data acquisition to be automated, driving a recent substantial increase in the availability of data. The collected data need to be analysed, typically necessitating the painstaking manual labour of a skilled operator. Moreover, in automated NDE a region of an inspected component is typically interrogated several times, be it within a single data channel due to multiple probe passes, across several channels acquired simultaneously or over the course of repeated inspections. The systematic combination of these diverse readings is recognized to offer an opportunity to improve the reliability of the inspection, but is not achievable in a manual analysis. This paper describes a data-fusion-based software framework providing a partial automation capability, allowing component regions to be declared defect-free to a very high probability while readily identifying defect indications, thereby optimizing the use of the operator's time. The system is designed to applicable to a wide range of automated NDE scenarios, but the processing is exemplified using the industrial ultrasonic immersion inspection of aerospace turbine discs. Results obtained for industrial datasets demonstrate an orders-of-magnitude reduction in false-call rates, for a given probability of detection, achievable using the developed software system.

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Kryl, Martin, Lukas Danys, Rene Jaros, Radek Martinek, Pavel Kodytek, and Petr Bilik. "Wood Recognition and Quality Imaging Inspection Systems." Journal of Sensors 2020 (September 17, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3217126.

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Forestry is an undoubtedly crucial part of today’s industry; thus, automation of certain visual tasks could lead to a significant increase in productivity and reduction of labor costs. Eye fatigue or lack of attention during manual visual inspections can lead to falsely categorized wood, thus leading to major loss of earnings. These mistakes could be eliminated using automated vision inspection systems. This article focuses on the comparison of researched methodologies related to wood type classification and wood defect detection/identification; hence, readers with an intention of building a similar vision-based system have summarized review to build upon.

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Gao, Yue Hua, and Bing Luo. "Keyboard Quality Automated Inspection Based on Machine Vision." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 1877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1877.

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Because traditional keyboard quality manual inspection is inefficient and low reliability for subjectivity, machine vision based automated inspection system was developed. Keyboards fine difference in position and rotation angles existing in captured images influenced image matching. Hough transform was applied to detect the edges of keyboards for their image calibration. Many small image templates for each key and a global template for entire keyboard were set up for automated inspecting character printing quality with moderate difference sufferance. Two CCD cameras were used for image capturing to deal with keyboard big area and software was developed on HexSight Image Kit. Experimental results showed that keyboard quality can be effectively inspected with better performance.

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Park, Kein Sik, and Jong Yong Park. "A Study on the Improvement of Maintenance by Improving Safety Inspection of Small-scale Deteriorated Buildings." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 16 (May 31, 2022): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2022.16.91.

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Starting with the industrialization and economic development of Korea in 1970, the infrastructure and architectural structures built have aged and become a social problem. Representatively, as of 2018, 240,000 out of about 610,000 buildings were completed, and about 39.3% of them were surveyed. The collapse of a commercial building in Yongsan in 2018 raised awareness of the safety inspection of small-scale old buildings. The maintenance and management of small-scale old buildings in the blind spot of the existing "Facility Safety Act" proposes the standards and manuals for safety inspection methods under the "Building Management Act" enacted (2019). This study was conducted for the purpose of studying maintenance improvement plans by improving safety inspections of old buildings. The subjects of the study were 201 engineers working in safety diagnosis institutions and related industries from October 20, 2021 to November 9, 2021. In the hypothesis of the study, the hypothesis that the adequacy of service consideration criteria and the competence and career of responsible engineers will affect maintenance in safety inspection to extend the usability and life of small-scale buildings was verified. To this end, the consideration standard and the capability of the responsible engineer were set as sub-factors of maintenance and management, which are dependent variables, as sub-factors of safety inspection method improvement. As a result of the hypothesis verification of the study, a significant influence relationship was verified on the ground inspection, structural inspection, and non-structural inspection of the responsible engineer's competency and career. The criteria for consideration for safety inspection were significant for ground inspection and structural inspection, but were rejected because they were not statistically significant in the relationship between the impact of non-structural inspection. This is because the safety inspection consideration criteria are indirectly linked to the inspection manual and checklist of the non-structural inspection. It is currently a global trend for many countries to accept maintenance costs as essential costs for improving economic power and preventing disasters, and the size of the safety inspection and diagnosis market will continue to expand in the future. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare for globalization by preemptively establishing a safety inspection management system and continuous technology development to preoccupy the domestic market and develop competitiveness.

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Zhao, Kun, Shu Tao Zhao, Pei Zhang, Lu Shen, and Ce Liu. "2-D Bar Code Technology Based Substation Patrol Robot’s Visual Navigation." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2008–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2008.

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The development of robot technology and AI makes it possible using outdoor mobile robots inspecting substations instead of manual work [. To solve the technical problems of substation patrolrobots navigation, a general scheme of substation intelligent inspection based on the red guide line is put forward. The 2-D bar code records main inspected equipments information, aiding patrol robot positioning navigation. The system utilizing LabVIEW virtual instrument software with IMAQ Vision module has been successfully written and related to pictures image processing, detecting and reading 2-D bar code. It has practical significance to improve the efficiency and to enhance the portability and flexibility of substation inspection scheme.

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Ng, Poh Kiat, Murman Dwi Prasetio, Kia Wai Liew, Boon Kian Lim, Ayudita Oktafiani, Sheila Amalia Salma, and Yunita Nugrahaini Safrudin. "A TRIZ-Inspired Conceptual Development of a Roof Tile Transportation and Inspection System." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091456.

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The Indonesian roof tile manufacturing industry relies heavily on manual operations, specifically in transportation and inspection processes, which creates multiple issues, such as fatigue, injuries, human error, and reduced productivity. Various industries in the Indonesian industrial landscape have begun embracing a problem-solving approach known as the theory of inventive problem-solving (TRIZ) to mine solutions for industrial issues. Nevertheless, its application in the Indonesian roof tile manufacturing industry remains unaddressed. The study aims to solve manual handling issues in the roof tile manufacturing industry using TRIZ. Three observations were outlined from manual roof tile transportation and inspection, followed by the formulation of engineering contradictions (ECs). The ECs were linked with system parameters, which were used as indicators within the contradiction matrix to extract inventive principles as solution models for conceptual development. The concept included an automated system with a conveyor belt (#15: dynamics) for effective transportation, automated image capture (#28: mechanics substitution) for effective inspection, and a flipping conveyor (#25: self-service) to eliminate manual contact. Although the study addressed several issues stemming from manual operations, mechanical analysis, prototyping, and usability testing still require improvements.

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Caufield, Jim, Simon Breines, William G. Foulks, and Wesley Haynes. "Historic Building Facades: A Manual for Inspection and Rehabilitation." APT Bulletin 19, no. 3 (1987): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1494203.

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D. C. Slaughter, C. H. Crisosto, J. K. Hasey, and J. F. Thompson. "Comparison of Instrumental and Manual Inspection of Clingstone Peaches." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 22, no. 6 (2006): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22242.

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Kopardekar, Parimal, Anil Mital, and Sam Anand. "Manual, Hybrid and Automated Inspection Literature and Current Research." Integrated Manufacturing Systems 4, no. 1 (January 1993): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069310023838.

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Smid, Radislav, Adam Docekal, and Marcel Kreidl. "Automated classification of eddy current signatures during manual inspection." NDT & E International 38, no. 6 (September 2005): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2004.12.004.

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Ali, Abdul-Hannan, Daniel Balint, Andrew Temple, and Pat Leevers. "The reliability of defect sentencing in manual ultrasonic inspection." NDT & E International 51 (October 2012): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2012.04.003.

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Bill Tseng, Tzu-Liang, Aditya Chilukuri, Sang C. Park, and Yongjin James Kwon. "Automated quality characterization of 3D printed bone scaffolds." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7315/jcde.2014.019.

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Abstract Optimization of design is an important step in obtaining tissue engineering scaffolds with appropriate shapes and inner microstructures. Different shapes and sizes of scaffolds are modeled using UGS NX 6.0 software with variable pore sizes. The quality issue we are concerned is the scaffold porosity, which is mainly caused by the fabrication inaccuracies. Bone scaffolds are usually characterized using a scanning electron microscope, but this study presents a new automated inspection and classification technique. Due to many numbers and size variations for the pores, the manual inspection of the fabricated scaffolds tends to be error-prone and costly. Manual inspection also raises the chance of contamination. Thus, non-contact, precise inspection is preferred. In this study, the critical dimensions are automatically measured by the vision camera. The measured data are analyzed to classify the quality characteristics. The automated inspection and classification techniques developed in this study are expected to improve the quality of the fabricated scaffolds and reduce the overall cost of manufacturing.

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Hong Chun, Teo, Ummi Raba’ah Hashim, Sabrina Ahmad, Lizawati Salahuddin, Ngo Hea Choon, and Kasturi Kanchymalay. "A review of the automated timber defect identification approach." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i2.pp2156-2166.

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Timber quality control is undoubtedly a very laborious process in the secondary wood industry. Manual inspections by operators are prone to human error, thereby resulting in poor timber quality inspections and low production volumes. The automation of this process using an automated vision inspection (AVI) system integrated with artificial intelligence appears to be the most plausible approach due to its ease of use and minimal operating costs. This paper provides an overview of previous works on the automated inspection of timber surface defects as well as various machine learning and deep learning approaches that have been implemented for the identification of timber defects. Contemporary algorithms and techniques used in both machine learning and deep learning are discussed and outlined in this review paper. Furthermore, the paper also highlighted the possible limitation of employing both approaches in the identification of the timber defect along with several future directions that may be further explored.

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Li, Jue, Yao Lu, Bing Qi, and Xiang Jun Liu. "Comparison of the Application of 3G and COFDM in UHV Transmission Lines Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.477.

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With the rapid construction of UHV power grid in China, the difficulty of transmission lines inspection and maintenance has increased dramatically. Thus it is urgent to adopt new technologies to replace the traditional manual mode of transmission lines inspection and maintenance. In this paper, the characteristics and applications in UHV transmission lines inspection of 3G and COFDM technology are analyzed and compared.

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Ni, Juan, and Tanbochi Zhan. "Smart Sensor Network Optimization and Line Defect Identification Based on UAV Transmission Inspection under 5G Technology." Journal of Sensors 2022 (September 22, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6801985.

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Transmission line is a key link in the transmission line, as the main equipment in the grid are located in the field; in the long-term harsh environmental conditions, the line is very easy to appear broken strands, broken, and other defects, which need to be regularly monitored and maintained. The traditional manual line inspection operation is not only harsh, labor-intensive, inefficient, and low precision but also has a great impact on the personal safety of the operators due to the complicated operating conditions. This project mainly focuses on 5G, intelligent sensor network technology, and the application of UAVs in high-voltage line inspection, detection, and maintenance. The developed inspection UAVs can effectively improve the efficiency of line inspection and quickly discover fault points, which brings convenience to the construction of power systems. In the 5G environment, the use of UAV transmission inspection technology for line fault identification can overcome the shortcomings of manual faults, but also timely and comprehensive fault detection, and improve the effectiveness and standardization of monitoring work.

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Wang, Han, Rui Miao, Xiao Song Wu, Wang Yuan Ni, and Xu Chen Tang. "Polycrystalline Silicon Wafer Surface Color Defect Inspection Based on Machine Vision." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.48.

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As non-uniform color and complex texture exist on the polycrystalline silicon solar cell, manual surface inspection adopted by most domestic factories suffers from low efficiency and poor repetitive detection ability. To overcome the shortcomings of manual inspection, based on machine vision and SVM, an automatic silicon wafer surface defect detection and classification system has been developed in this paper: through feature extraction of color images and defect areas, a series of wafer classifiers are trained and used to separate the defective products from qualified ones. Experiments on samples and actual application in the enterprise show that the system has achieved high accuracy and fast run-time performance, indicating that machine vision is an effective and promising method for polycrystalline silicon solar cell inspection.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Inspection manual'

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