Journal articles: 'Insert loss'

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Nickel, Eric, Kyle Barrons, Barry Hand, Alana Cataldo, and Andrew Hansen. "Three-dimensional printing in prosthetics: Method for managing rapid limb volume change." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 44, no. 5 (June 25, 2020): 355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364620934340.

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Background and Aim: During post-amputation recovery or rapid body mass change, residual limb volume can change quickly, requiring frequent adjustments or replacement of the socket to maintain fit. The aim of this pilot test was to evaluate the feasibility of using a three-dimensional-printed insert to extend the service life of a prosthetic socket after substantial residual limb volume loss. Technique: One research subject with a well-fitting transtibial prosthetic socket had an oversized socket fabricated to simulate substantial limb volume loss. The digital shapes of the oversized and well-fitting sockets were used to create a three-dimensional-printed insert to restore fit. Discussion: Two-minute walk test distance decreased when using the oversized socket without the insert, but not when using the socket with the insert. Socket comfort score was 8+ under all conditions. These results suggest that three-dimensional-printed inserts may be an effective method of extending the service life of prosthetic sockets when rapid limb volume loss occurs. Clinical relevance Three-dimensional (3D) printing gives prosthetists a new tool to manage large volume changes without refabricating entire sockets. Sockets can be fabricated in anticipation of volume gain/loss, using replaceable 3D-printed inserts to maintain fit and comfort.

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Zang, Liguo, Yizhang Cai, Baosheng Wang, Rongdong Yin, Fen Lin, and Peng Hang. "Optimization design of heat dissipation structure of inserts supporting run-flat tire." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 14 (March 8, 2019): 3746–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019833562.

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Inserts supporting run-flat tire is a key technology in the field of vehicle active safety. When the vehicle is under zero driving condition, the deformation of the inserts supporting run-flat tire due to compression can cause the tire to be crushed, and loss of adhesion between the tire and rim can lead to separation. These situations can reduce the cruising ability of the vehicle. Under zero driving condition, the insert, which is the main support body for the tire, could rub against the inner part of the tire sharply, thereby generating heat in the tire. Heat in the tire is difficult to dissipate and can accumulate rapidly under this condition. As the temperature of the tire and insert increases, the inserts supporting run-flat tire could fail to support the vehicle. To improve heat dissipation of the insert, a finite element model of the inserts supporting run-flat tire under the condition of zero rolling is established. The steady-state temperature field of the inserts supporting run-flat tire is analyzed using ANSYS Workbench. The insert temperature field and heat flux are solved. The optimization design of axial heat dissipation holes and surface heat dissipation grooves based on experimental and simulation results of the insert is presented. Finally, the optimization structure of the insert is verified using a thermal–mechanical coupling simulation method. The conclusions are of great significance for optimizing inserts supporting run-flat tire and improving zero rolling ability of tire.

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Devhadrao, NV, and M. Siddhaia. "REVIEW ON OCULAR INSERT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 15, 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1991.

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An ocular insert represents an advanced technology in eye disease therapy. Designing and development of an ocular insert is a challenge ever faced by Pharmaceutical researchers or manufacturer. In the ophthalmology; eye drop have ever found to be an easy remedy from the administration point of view. In case of conventional dosage forms the fast precorneal loss of drug has been a major difficulty. To improve ocular drug bioavailability, there are significant guidelines have been directed towards newer drug delivery systems for ophthalmic administration. By means of ocular insert, the researcher has always taken efforts to release the drug at controlled rate to avoid frequent administration of drug. The ocular insert consist of controlled, delayed or sustained release biodegradable implantable components of different material in multiple layers. The inserts can be classified in various classes like Insoluble, soluble or biodegradable as per its solubility. The release of drug from the insert depends upon the diffusion, osmosis, and bioerosion of the drug. Keyword: Ocular inserts, bioerosion, osmosis, bioerodible implant,

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Tillman, E. S., E. O. Hartel, and H. F. Jen. "The Prediction of Flow Through Leading Edge Holes in a Film Cooled Airfoil With and Without Inserts." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 107, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239702.

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A method for predicting cooling air flow rates using tests on cylindrical models of typical turbine blade leading edges has been extended to include blades with inserts and blades with reversed-angled holes. When an insert is used, the pressure loss across the insert can be determined from flow tests and added to other losses in the flow path to determine cooling flow rates. Calculated and experimentally determined flow rates are compared with good agreement. The second experiment was performed to determine internal loss coefficients for reverse-angled holes oriented so the flow makes a reverse turn to enter the holes. The reversed flow case produced significantly greater internal loss coefficients than when the same holes were oriented in the direction of flow. These results were used to predict flow from arrays of reverse- angled holes and from a cylinder containing both reverse-angled holes and nonreversed holes. In all cases, good agreement was found between predicted and measured flow rates.

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Smith, M. Alex, and Michael J. Bidochka. "Bacterial fitness and plasmid loss: the importance of culture conditions and plasmid size." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-020.

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Several pBluescript-derived plasmids of various sizes were constructed to study the effects of multicopy plasmid size on bacterial fitness and plasmid loss. Transformed and untransformed bacterial clones were grown in media with or without ampicillin. Bacterial fitness (measured by growth rate), plasmid presence or absence, and plasmid copy number were assessed during successive subculturings. In selective media (minimal medium or Luria Broth plus ampicillin), the clone transformed with the largest plasmid (pBluescript with a 9000-bp insert) had a significantly longer lag phase than all other clones. In nonselective media the rate of plasmid loss during successive subculturings was greatest in the clone with the largest insert. The clone with the largest insert displayed a lower plasmid copy number than clones with a small insert or no insert at all. Plasmid loss in the form of segregational instability and plasmid copy number reduction in nonselective environments are important to the understanding of the evolution of the bacteria-plasmid associations and the appreciation of the potential for altering the genetic properties of a clone maintained or subcultured on a standard medium.Key words: pBluescript, plasmid, stress, fitness, starvation.

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Logg, Christopher R., Aki Logg, Chien-Kuo Tai, Paula M. Cannon, and Noriyuki Kasahara. "Genomic Stability of Murine Leukemia Viruses Containing Insertions at the Env-3′ Untranslated Region Boundary." Journal of Virology 75, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 6989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.15.6989-6998.2001.

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ABSTRACT Retroviruses containing inserts of exogenous sequences frequently eliminate the inserted sequences upon spread in susceptible cells. We have constructed replication-competent murine leukemia virus (MLV) vectors containing internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-transgene cassettes at the env-3′ untranslated region boundary in order to examine the effects of insert sequence and size on the loss of inserts during viral replication. A virus containing an insertion of 1.6 kb replicated with greatly attenuated kinetics relative to wild-type virus and lost the inserted sequences in a single infection cycle. In contrast, MLVs containing inserts of 1.15 to 1.30 kb replicated with kinetics only slightly attenuated compared to wild-type MLV and exhibited much greater stability, maintaining their genomic integrity over multiple serial infection cycles. Eventually, multiple species of deletion mutants were detected simultaneously in later infection cycles; once detected, these variants rapidly dominated the population and thereafter appeared to be maintained at a relative equilibrium. Sequence analysis of these variants identified preferred sites of recombination in the parental viruses, including both short direct repeats and inverted repeats. One instance of insert deletion through recombination with an endogenous retrovirus was also observed. When specific sequences involved in these recombination events were eliminated, deletion variants still arose with the same kinetics upon virus passage and by apparently similar mechanisms, although at different locations in the vectors. Our results suggest that while lengthened, insert-containing genomes can be maintained over multiple replication cycles, preferential deletions resulting in loss of the inserted sequences confer a strong selective advantage.

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Chourasia, Ayushi, and Shikha Agrawal. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED OCULAR INSERT BY USING “PLANTAGO OVATA” AS NATURAL POLYMER." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 4 (July 16, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i4.28474.

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Objective: The present work focus in the direction of “Development and evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride loaded ocular insert by using “plantago ovata” as natural polymer”. The current work was carried out to evaluate the control release profile of ocular insert. Natural polymer in ocular insert was used for studying the long acting property. Natural polymer is also used to enhance the bioavailability of drug and reduce toxicity. It is also used to increase the duration of action of drug for prolongs action and gives better in vitro performance as compare than to the conventional ocular formulation.Methods: Solvent casting method was used in the formulation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride loaded ocular inserts. Different ocular insert formulations of varying polymer concentration were prepared. Ocular insert formulation H-1 to H-3 was prepared by using different concentration of HPMC and formulation P-1 to P-4 was prepared by using different concentration of Plantago Ovata.Results: The ocular inserts formulation was within the acceptable limits. All the pre formulation parameters of polymers such as derived properties, compressibility index, Hausner’s ratio, viscosity, melting point, swelling ratio, loss on drying, PH of mucilage solution and pre formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredient such as estimation of drug by using UV spectroscopy, determination of melting point, solubility, partition coefficient and FTIR for compatibility study of drug and excipient were evaluation. FTIR analysis also confirmed no drug-excipient interaction.Conclusion: Prepared inserts in the present study were semitransparent. The mixing of the drug in to the polymer is uniform, due to this; the drug content of all formulation is good. Formulation P4 was selected because it showed better release profile, drug content and other physicochemical properties than other formulated batch when compare. All the prepared inserts showed in vitro drug release for the period of 4 h as compare to the marketed formulation. An in vitro drug release study revealed that ocular formulation gives a prolong action. The formulation was found to be long acting.

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Gronostajski, Z., M. Hawryluk, M. Kaszuba, P. Widomski, J. Ziemba, and J. Smolik. "The Use of 3D Scanning Methods to Evaluate the Hybrid Layer Used in Forging Tools in Order to Improve their Durability." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0238.

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AbstractThis study is focused on tools used in the industrial process of hot forging of a front wheel forging (gear wheel) manufactured for the automotive industry. Five different variants were applied for the tools: 3 die inserts were coated with three different hybrid layers (PN + PVD type), i.e. AlCrTiN, AlCrTiSiN and CrN, one insert was only nitrided, and one was pad welded, to improve tool durability. The tool wear was analysed and represented by the material degradation on the working surface, based on the 3D scanning and the material growth of the periodically collected forgings. Additionally, the scanned tools were divided into two areas, in which it was found, based on the analysis, that various degradation mechanisms are predominant. Microstructural tests and hardness measurements of the analyzed tools were also performed. Based on the results, it was found that, in the central part of the die insert, thermo-mechanical fatigue, abrasive wear and plastic deformation occurred, while in the area of the bridge insert, only abrasive wear could be observed. For these areas, the loss of material was determined separately. It was established that the use of the GN+CrN and GN+AlCrTiN hybrid layers on forging tools improves their durability, while the best results in the central area were observed on the tool with the GN+CrN layer, which is the most resistant to thermo-mechanical fatigue. In the second analyzed area, good wear resistance occurred on GN+CrN, GN+AlCrTiN and pad welded inserts, for which, together with the increase of the forging number, a proportional, slight growth of the loss of material occurred.

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Neidel, A., S. Riesenbeck, and T. Gädicke. "Component Loss due to the Fracture of an Indexable Insert." Practical Metallography 57, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/147.110646.

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Lu, Xue Song, Qi Li, and Juan Liu. "Research on the Acoustic Insert Loss in Water Filled Pipes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.310.

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Water filled pipe as an experimental model of the sea pipeline on ships, the study has very important significance of the sound propagation characteristics. In this paper, eigenfunctions of pipeline interior sound field are theoretically calculated at first. And through the Matlab software simulation calculation, the cutoff frequency is shown. And then, the water filled pipe acoustic insertion loss is given by the experimental study. Through the research, we validate the cutoff frequency calculation, and gives the insertion loss of pipelines.

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Lupescu, Octavian, Ana Bădănac, Mădălina Popa, and Cristian Ulianov. "Researches upon Thin Layers Deposition on Cutting Inserts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.339.

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It is known that during the cutting process the tool wears out. This is due to the high temperatures, the relative velocities and shocks between the contact surfaces of the tool-part and the mechanical and thermal stresses which appear on the active surfaces of the tool. The result is loss of cutting and reduced processing quality. This involves taking measures to increase the values of the cutting tools and/or the durability of their cutting inserts. Tool durability can be increased by various coating methods by the depositing in a vacuum of some different materials which achieve the necessary effect. These methods are being researched globally. So far there are several methods of applying these layers. They are classified as: vacuum thermal evaporation, pulverization, ion plating and chemical vapor depositing. In order to increase the durability of the cutting tools, and to increase the wear resistance of the metal carbide insert, the authors propose in this paper the depositing of a titanium thin layer on these cutting inserts by the ionic plating method. This method has produced increased durability of the coated cutting insert and increased resistance to wear, higher than in the uncoated case. The values slightly vary depending on the complexity of the cutting insert profile and the dimensions of the work pieces dimensions being processed.

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MATSUI, Kunihiro, Yoshihiko NUNOYA, Katsumi KAWANO, Yoshikazu TAKAHASHI, Kenji NISHII, and CS Model Coil Test Group. "Test Results of ITER-CS Model Coil and CS Insert Coil. AC Loss Performance of CS Insert Coil." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 36, no. 6 (2001): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.36.361.

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Isono, Takaaki, Norikiyo Koizumi, Kunihiro Matsui, Makoto Sugimoto, Kazuya Hamada, Yoshihiko Nunoya, Igor Rodin, and CS Model Coil Test Group. "Quench Characteristics and AC Loss Measurement in the ITER TE Insert." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 37, no. 10 (2002): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.37.539.

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Zhang, Min, Jia-Yu Wang, Jian Su, Jian-Jun Wang, Shi-Tong Yan, Yi-Chao Luan, and Cheng-Kung Cheng. "Wear Assessment of Tibial Inserts Made of Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene Supplemented with Dodecyl Gallate in the Total Knee Arthroplasty." Polymers 13, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111847.

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Background: the wear of tibial insert is still one of primary factors leading to failure of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Dodecyl gallate (DG) has shown improvements in the oxidation stability of highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE). This study aimed to assess the application of HXLPE supplemented with DG (HXLPE-DG) on the tibial insert in TKA concerning the wear resistance and the potential impact on implant fixation; Methods: tibial inserts made of HXLPE-DG were subjected to a 3 million loading-cycle wear test following ISO 14243-1:2009. The loss of mass and wear rate of the tibial inserts were calculated. The quantity, size,- and shape of wear particles were recorded; Results: the test specimens lost an average mass of 16.00 mg ± 0.94 mg, and were on an average wear rate of 3.92 mg/million cycles ± 0.19 mg/million cycles. The content of wear particles in the calf serum medium was 3.94 × 108 particles/mL ± 3.93 × 107 particles/mL, 96.66% ± 0.77% of the particles had an equivalent circular diameter less than 0.5 μm. The aspect ratio of wear particles was 1.40 (min: 1.01; max: 6.42). Conclusions: HXLPE-DG displayed advantages over the commonly used materials for tibial inserts and presented the potential of application in TKA.

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Li, Fei, Hai Zhong, Yijun Wang, Ye Kang, Duan Huang, and Ying Guo. "Performance Analysis of Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Multi-Core Fiber." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101951.

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Performance analysis of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) has been one of the focuses of quantum communications. In this paper, we propose an approach to enhancing the secret rate of CVQKD with the multi-core fiber (MCF) system that transmits multiple spatial modes simultaneously. The excess noise contributed by the inter-core crosstalk between cores can be effectively suppressed by quantum channel wavelength management, leading to the performance improvement of the MCF-based CVQKD system. In the security analysis, we perform numerical simulations for the Gaussian-modulated coherent state CVQKD protocol, considering simultaneously the extra insert loss of fan-in/fan-out (FIFO), which is the extra optical device that should be used at the input and the output of the fiber. Simulation results show that the performance of the one-way and two-way protocols for each core are slightly degraded because of the insert loss of the FIFO, but the total secret key rate can be increased, whereas the performance of the measurement-device-independent CVQKD protocol will be degraded due to the effect of the insert loss of the FIFO. These results may provide theoretical foundation for the space-division multiplexing CVQKD system.

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Pritchett, James W. "Total Articular Knee Replacement Using Polyurethane." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 03 (February 4, 2019): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677816.

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AbstractThis study reviewed the early use of polyurethane for total knee resurfacing, the long-term results of polycarbonate urethane (PCU) for total knee replacement and conducted wear simulator testing of PCU. In 1959 and 1960, 10 patients underwent total articular polyurethane knee replacement (polyethylene was not available). The polyurethane was placed on the articular surface of the femur with metal surfaces on the tibia and patella. In 1996 and 1997, four patients received a newer PCU tibial insert in revision procedures; all had well-fixed prostheses, but no revision polyethylene implants were available. In addition, this study evaluated six new PCU tibial inserts in a 10-million cycle (Mc) wear simulator. All 10 of the early knees performed well clinically and 2 knees were functional for more than 30 years. Of the four more recent patients, all knees remain functional at more than 20 years' follow-up with no signs of wear or osteolysis. Wear simulator testing found mean material loss of 14.2 mg/Mc which equates to a volumetric wear of 11.9 mg/Mc, similar to the wear of conventional polyethylene. Polyurethane performs well as conventional polyethylene but not better than current cross-linked polyethylene tibial inserts. Its large wear particles (mean, 11 µm) and biocompatibility are less likely to cause an inflammatory response leading to pain and bone loss. Newer, superior polyurethanes can again be considered a candidate material for the tibial insert of a total knee replacement. A larger study may be able to validate polyurethane as an alternative material for joint replacement.

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Laws, Douglas W., Susan M. Roller, and Cecyle K. Perry. "Interaural Attenuation of a Click Stimulus Using Deep and Shallow Placement of an Insert Earphone." American Journal of Audiology 2, no. 3 (November 1993): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889.0203.60.

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The effect of deep versus shallow insertion of the ER-3A insert earphone on interaural attenuation (IA) of a click stimulus was examined. IA values for five subjects with profound unilateral hearing loss were obtained. The results (a mean IA difference of 2 dB between the two insertion depths) indicated that IAs for deep insertion were not significantly different from IAs for shallow insertion. Thus deep insertion of insert earphones to achieve larger IA values was not recommended for click stimuli.

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Ren, Jia Wei, Qin Yu Jiang, and Zhen Wang. "CFD Simulation and Computation of Pressure Loss of Resistance Muffler." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.307.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate the internal flow field of an example muffler, and compared the results with the experimental data, verifying the reliability of the simulation algorithm. On this basis, changed the example muffler structure, researched the pressure loss of muffler which was influenced by the insert duct, the position of the baffle and the inlet air velocity. The corresponding regularities have been obtained with the results of computations, which provide a basis for the design of the muffler.

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Kyzioł, Lesław, Włodzimierz Kończewicz, and Adrian Dynowski. "The Analysis of the Possibilities of Using 3D Printer for Making Components and Parts of Marine Equipment for Example Flexible Clutch Coupling." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0057.

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Abstract The advantage of incremental techniques is the reduction of material losses as opposed to loss techniques, i.e. machining. The element of flexible insert of the flexible coupling was made with the use of the incremental technique using the FDM method made of ABS plastic and the exploitation tests of the performed insert were performed in the device simulating the operation of the thruster on the ship. The use of materials obtained from the recycling of plastic waste is of great importance for printing.

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Kang, Kim, Kim, and Kwon. "In vitro Effects of Cyclic Dislodgement on Retentive Properties of Various Titanium-Based Dental Implant Overdentures Attachment System." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223770.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in the retentive forces of four different titanium-based implant attachment systems during the simulation of insert–removal cycles in an artificial oral environment. Five types of titanium-based dental implant attachment systems (Locator, Kerator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic) were studied (n = 10). The specimens underwent insert–removal cycles in artificial saliva, and the retentive force was measured following 0, 750, 1500, and 2250 cycles. Significant retention loss was observed in all attachment systems, except the magnetic attachments, upon completion of 2250 insertion and removal cycles, compared to the initial retentive force (p < 0.05). A comparison of the initial retentive forces revealed the highest value for Locator, followed by the Kerator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic attachments. Furthermore, Kerator demonstrated the highest retentive loss, followed by Locator, O-ring, EZ-Lock, and Magnetic attachments after 2250 cycles (p < 0.05). In addition, the Locator and Kerator systems revealed significant decrease in retentive forces at all measurement points (p < 0.05). The retention force according to the insert–removal cycles were significantly different according to the types of dental implant attachment systems.

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Charbonneau, André M., Joseph M. Kinsella, and Simon D. Tran. "3D Cultures of Salivary Gland Cells in Native or Gelled Egg Yolk Plasma, Combined with Egg White and 3D-Printing of Gelled Egg Yolk Plasma." Materials 12, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 3480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213480.

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For salivary gland (SG) tissue engineering, we cultured acinar NS-SV-AC cell line or primary SG fibroblasts for 14 days in avian egg yolk plasma (EYP). Media or egg white (EW) supplemented the cultures as they grew in 3D-Cryo histology well inserts. In the second half of this manuscript, we measured EYP’s freeze-thaw gelation and freeze-thaw induced gelled EYP (GEYP), and designed and tested further GEYP tissue engineering applications. With a 3D-Cryo well insert, we tested GEYP as a structural support for 3D cell culture or as a bio-ink for 3D-Bioprinting fluorescent cells. In non-printed EYP + EW or GEYP + EW cultures, sagittal sections of the cultures showed cells remaining above the well’s base. Ki-67 expression was lacking for fibroblasts, contrasting NS-SV-AC’s constant expression. Rheological viscoelastic measurements of GEYP at 37 °C on seven different freezing periods showed constant increase from 0 in mean storage and loss moduli, to 320 Pa and 120 Pa, respectively, after 30 days. We successfully 3D-printed GEYP with controlled geometries. We manually extruded GEYP bio-ink with fluorescence cells into a 3D-Cryo well insert and showed cell positioning. The 3D-Cryo well inserts reveal information on cells in EYP and we demonstrated GEYP cell culture and 3D-printing applications.

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Silva, Olivério Moreira Macedo, Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono, José Vitor C. Souza, and M. V. Ribeiro. "α-SiAlON: Development and Machining Test on Gray Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.565.

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The α-SiAlON ceramic cutting tool insert is developed. Silicon nitride and additives powders are pressed and sintered in the form of cutting tool inserts at temperature of 1900 oC. The physics and mechanical properties of the inserts like green density, weight loss, relative density, hardness and fracture toughness are evaluated. Machining studies are conducted on grey cast iron workpiece to evaluate the performance of α-SiAlON ceramic cutting tool. In the paper the cutting tool used in higher speed showed an improvement in the tribological interaction between the cutting tools and the grey cast iron workpiece resulted in a significant reduction of flank wear and roughness, because of better accommodation and the presence of the graphite in gray cast iron. The above results are discussed in terms of their affect at machining parameters on gray cast iron.

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Liu, Huaqiao, Yiren Pan, Huiguang Bian, and Chuansheng Wang. "Optimize Design of Run-Flat Tires by Simulation and Experimental Research." Materials 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14030474.

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In this study, the two key factors affecting the thermal performance of the insert rubber and stress distribution on the tire sidewall were analyzed extensively through various performance tests and simulations to promote the development of run-flat tires. Four compounds and two structures of insert rubber were designed to investigate the effects of heat accumulation and stress distribution on durability testing at zero pressure. It was concluded that the rigidity and tensile strength of the compound were negatively correlated with temperature. The deformation was a key factor that affects energy loss, which could not be judged solely by the loss factor. The stress distribution, however, should be considered in order to avoid early damage of the tire caused by stress concentration. On the whole, the careful balance of mechanical strength, energy loss, and structural rigidity was the key to the optimal development of run-flat tires. More importantly, the successful implementation of the simulations in the study provided important and useful guidance for run-flat tire development.

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Bezvikonnyu, P., R. Myalkovsky, and V. Tarasyuk. "The Influence of sowing time of red beet seeds on root crops storage." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-7-12.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the eﬀect of seed sowing time on the red beet root crops conservation in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that sowing periods aﬀect the germination of red beet root. Thus, the lowest total losses were observed for sowing on May 1–4 in all the studied hybrids, namely in the Bettollo F1 hybrid – 6.7 %, the Voyevoda F1 – 9.9 %, and in the Ronda F1 hybrid – 14.9 %, respectively. The biggest losses were observed for sowing in the early spring term, since sowing beetroot in the early term results in the roots overripening, aging, cracking, they germinate during storage and become less resistant to rotting microorganisms. The highest output of commodity products was observed under sowing in late spring time. In this case, the yield of markered root beet root in the Bettollo F1 hybrid was 93.3 %, the Voyevoda F1 – 90.1 %, and in the Ronda F1 hybrid – 85.1 %, respectively. Bettolo F1 hybrid root crops were better preserved than others, which we believe is due to the mass of root crops, since the conservation of large and medium-sized root crops is higher than that of small ones. It should also be noted that the total root loss was lower under storage in boxes with a plastic insert, than that under the root loss stored in the boxes. Thus, the lowest total root loss was observed in the Bettollo F1 hybrid – 5.2–7.6 %, which is 0.1–2.0 % less than the Voyevoda F1 hybrid and 3.2–6.9 % less than in the Ronda F1 hybrid. In the Bettolo F1 hybrid, the disease losses were insigniﬁcant compared to the Voyevoda F1 and Ronda F1 hybrids and made 2.8–4.0 %. The natural weight loss in the hybrid Bettollo F1 was 2.4–3.6 %, which is almost on par with the hybrid Voyevoda F1 2.3–4.2 %, but much less than in the hybrid Ronda F1 3.8–6.6 %. Comparing the storage methods, it should be noted that storage root crops in boxes with a plastic insert contributes to a higher output of marketed products compared to variants where the root crops were stored in boxes in bulk. Thus, storage root crops in boxes with a plastic insert is the best way to store root beets as it allows to save the product with minimal loss. Key words: storage properties, hybrid, total losses, commodity products output, boxes, boxes with a plastic insert.

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Forner, Arturo, Ana-Cruz García, Enrique Alcántara, José Ramiro, Juan-Víctor Hoyos, and Pedro Vera. "Properties of Shoe Insert Materials Related to Shock Wave Transmission During Gait." Foot & Ankle International 16, no. 12 (December 1995): 778–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079501601207.

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The influence of the mechanical characteristics of certain insole materials in the generation and transmission of heel strike impacts while walking was studied. Three insole materials were selected according to their mechanical characteristics under heel strike impacts. The selection of materials has made it possible to distinguish the effect of rigidity and loss tangent in the transmission of heel strike impacts. A lower rigidity and a high loss tangent have been shown to reduce the transmission of impacts to the tibia. A low rigidity was seen to significantly increase the transmission of impacts from tibia to forehead.

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Shelton, Trevor J., Stephen M. Howell, and Maury L. Hull. "A Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Stiffer When the Intraoperative Tibial Force Is Greater than the Native Knee." Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 10 (November 9, 2018): 1008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675421.

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AbstractWe hypothesized that a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an intraoperative tibial force greater than the tibial force of the native knee has signs of stiffness as measured by loss of extension and flexion, and anterior translation of the tibia. Intraoperative forces in the medial and lateral tibial compartments were measured during passive motion in 71 patients treated with calipered kinematically aligned TKA. Maximum extension, flexion, and the anterior–posterior position of the tibia with respect to the distal femur at 90 degrees of flexion were measured. Measurements were repeated after exchanging to a 2 mm thicker insert. The sum of the average of the medial and lateral compartment forces at 0, 45, and 90 degrees of flexion represented the tibial force through a 90-degree motion arc. For the implanted insert, the tibial force averaged 28 ± 17 lb, which is comparable to the 20 ± 7 lb reported for the native knee. At 6 months, patients reported an average 40 point Oxford Knee and 15 point Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score. For the 2 mm thicker insert, the tibial force averaged 50 ± 28 lb. A 30 lb tibial force greater than native generated a 3-degree loss of extension, a 3-degree loss of flexion, and 3-mm anterior translation of the tibia. Because a TKA with a tibial force greater than native has signs of stiffness, a strategy for lowering this risk is to match the tibial force of the native knee when balancing a TKA as this restored high function.

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Żmudzki, J., M. Burzyński, G. Chladek, and C. Krawczyk. "CAD/CAM silicone auricular prosthesis with thermoformed stiffening insert." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 83 (January 2, 2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7539.

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Purpose: Epitheses (facial prostheses) for large facial tissue defects manufacturedfrom silicones exhibit unsatisfactory rigidity and its stiffening is required, which createstechnological problems. Moreover, facial epitheses have to be replaced in a relatively shortperiod of use which creates a significant costs, often impossible to realize. The hypothesisof the study was that with use of additive manufacturing is possible to obtain the reusableform for thermoforming of the stiffening insert of auricular prosthesis and the mould whichallows multiple casting of silicone prosthesis with the insert.Design/methodology/approach: Manufacturing of the epithesis consisted of designingand manufacturing. In the first step, the auricular prosthesis and the stiffening insert weredesigned with use of engineering CAD software. In this first computer step, the split form forvacuum thermoforming of the stiffening insert and the split mould for casting of the siliconeear were designed. In the second step, additive printing was used for manufacturing thesplit and reusable model for vacuum thermoforming of the stiffening insert and the splitform of ear. In the third step, stiffening insert was made of thermoformed polyurethane sheetof 0.1 mm thick (Biolon, Dreve), where dental thermoforming machine (Drufosmart, Dreve)was used. In the fourth step, the stiffening insert was located in the mould and the ear wascasting of silicone.Findings: CAD/CAM of epitheses with stiffening insert for large tissues defect/loss wasproposed, where in case of re-producing, it required only thermoforming of insert andcasting silicone with use of the reusable models. Dental technician, in case of damage orloss of a forms, is not much involved in their creation.Research limitations/implications: Bond strength test between stiffening insert vs. softsilicone and manufacturing tolerance of epitheses have not been investigated.Practical implications: Method of casting in a negative form, despite the more timeconsumingwhen comparing with epithesis direct-printing, allows introducing a stiffeninginsert and performing a manual adjustment of margin shape and thickness. Method ofnegative form allows the use of a commercially available medical silicone without the needfor medical tests of a new printed materials.

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Kajikawa, Kazuhiro, Satoshi Awaji, and Kazuo Watanabe. "AC loss evaluation of an HTS insert for high field magnet cooled by cryocoolers." Cryogenics 80 (December 2016): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2016.05.010.

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Wang, Li, Yi Qi Zhou, and Zhen Hua Wang. "CFD Research on Aerodynamic Performance of Complicated Resistance Muffler." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1274.

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In this paper, a complicated resistance muffler was designed for a construction machinery. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method with three dimension models was used to explore the aerodynamic performance of the muffler. With this method the pressure distribution in the muffler is simulated and the pressure loss is predicted for the structure modification. The experiment results verify that the assembly performance of the muffler modified is better than the original muffler. The pressure loss and the insert loss of the improved muffler meet the design specifications and standards of the construction machinary. The integrated performance of the construction machinery has been advanced.

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Yau, Adora M. W., Andrew D. Moss, Lewis John James, William Gilmore, Jason J. Ashworth, and Gethin H. Evans. "The influence of angiotensin converting enzyme and bradykinin receptor B2 gene variants on voluntary fluid intake and fluid balance in healthy men during moderate-intensity exercise in the heat." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40, no. 2 (February 2015): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0307.

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Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and bradykinin receptor B2 (B2R) genetic variation may affect thirst because of effects on angiotensin II production and bradykinin activity, respectively. To examine this, 45 healthy Caucasian men completed 60 min of cycle exercise at 62% ± 5% peak oxygen uptake in a room heated to 30.5 ± 0.3 °C with ad libitum fluid intake. Blood samples were collected pre-, mid-, and immediately post-cycle. Fluid intake, body mass loss (BML), sweat loss (determined via changes in body mass and fluid intake), and thirst sensation were recorded. All participants were genotyped for the ACE insert fragment (I) and the B2R insert sequence (P). Participants were homozygous for the wild-type allele (WW or MM), heterozygous (WI or MP) or homozygous for the insert (II or PP). No differences between genotype groups were found in mean (±SD) voluntary fluid intake (WW: 613 ± 388, WI: 753 ± 385, II: 862 ± 421 mL, p = 0.31; MM: 599 ± 322, MP: 745 ± 374, PP: 870 ± 459 mL, p = 0.20), percentage BML or any other fluid balance variables for both the ACE and B2R genes, respectively. Mean thirst perception in the B2R PP group, however, was higher (p < 0.05) than both MM and MP at 30, 45, and 60 min. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that voluntary fluid intake and fluid balance in healthy men performing 60 min of moderate-intensity exercise in the heat are not predominantly influenced by ACE or B2R genetic variation.

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Luo, Chang Wei, Qiang Ye, and Su Nan Zhang. "A Novel Bandstop Filter Based on Coaxial Cavity." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1787.

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In this paper,a novel two-port bandstop filter based on coaxial cavity is proposed,which is different to the conventional bandstop filters based on microstrip or stripline.The design and simulated results show that the novel bandstop filter has a good performance,which are stopband rejection less than -80dB from 1920MHz to 1980MHz, return loss less than -20dB and insert loss more than -2 dB in two widebands from 1700MHz to 1910MHz and 1990MHz to 2200MHz,respectively. Moreover,the measured results have good agreement with simulated results.

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Wang, Kuang Da, Wei Hong, and Ke Wu. "Broadband Transition between Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) and Rectangular Waveguide for Millimeter-Wave Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1990.

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In this paper, a broadband and simple vertical transition between substrate integrated waveguide and standard air-filled rectangular waveguide is design and experimentally verified. From full-wave simulation of the structure, a relative bandwidth of 19.5% in W-band with return loss better than 20dB is reached. Then, five copies of back-to-back connected transitions are fabricated on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. The experimental results show that the transition pairs have an average of 15% relative bandwidth with return loss better than 12dB and insert loss lower than 1.2dB. To explain the differences between simulated and tested results, an error analysis is presented.

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Deng, Zhong Liang, Hong Lai Qu, and Yuan Zhi Chen. "A Novel MEMS CPW Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 151 (January 2012): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.151.170.

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This paper presents a novel MEMS coplanar microwave waveguide (CPW) structure. The high-resistivity silicon is chosen as the material of substrate and the aluminum is as the metal transmission line because of its high conductivity ,Removing the silicon between the signal line and ground line, underneath the edge of both line,these can effectly reduce the loss.A layer of polyimide is added between the metal and silicon substrates continued to reduce the loss. The simulation results from HFSS show and demonstrate the insert loss is less than the results of traditional CPW.

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Hall, Joseph W., and John H. Grose. "The effect of conductive hearing loss on the masking‐level difference: Insert versus standard earphones." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 5 (May 1994): 2652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.409834.

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Jethva, Jayesh K., Chintan H. Trivedi, Sarita P. Ratanpara, Geeta R. Bathwar, and Ramesh B. Parmar. "Pharmaceutical Development and Evaluation of Reservoirtype Ciprofloxacin Ocular Insert." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): 3024–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2015.8.4.5.

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Ocular inserts of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared with the aim of achieving once a day administration. Drug reservoir was prepared using sodium CMC while rate controlling membrane was prepared using Eudragit RS100 and RL100. Ocular inserts were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters like thickness, weight uniformity, drug content, percent moisture loss, and percent moisture absorption. The in vitro drug release studies were carried out using Bi-chambered donor receiver compartment model. In vitro drug release kinetic data was treated according to Zero, First, and Higuchi kinetics to access the mechanism of drug release. At the end of 24th hr, in-vitro percentage drug release was obtained for the formulations RF1 was% 46.02 and for RF5 was 98.23%. The drug release from the formulation RF5 (Eudragit RS and RL 100 (1:1)) was 98.23 % at the end of 24th hour which was available as controlled and prolonged. In Kors Meyer Peppas, n value in optimized batch (RF5) was observed 1.399 which indicated super case II transport occurs. All physical parameters evaluated were satisfactory. So formulation RF5 was selected as the best formulation.

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Yu, Tian Lan, Tian Xiang Yu, De Qi Peng, Li Chen, Xiu Yan Feng, Zhi Kun Zhang, and Xiu Min Yu. "Research on Energy-Saving Technology for Salt Solution Heat Pump Evaporators." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.216.

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Aiming at increasing the energy-saving efficiency of salt solution evaporation, the effect of several factors on heat pump energy-saving efficiency is studied through theoretical analyses and calculation. The factors include boiling point elevation caused by solution static pressure, superheat loss of surface evaporation, temperature difference loss caused by fouling. The conclusions are that falling-film evaporator helps improve heat pump evaporation energy-saving the most and forms the fluctuating flow of the falling film which can be used to remove fouling automatically. The Φ38mm×2mm single-tube dynamics experiment results show that the flow can produce stable 3D vibration of the cleaning spiral when the nominal flow velocity is more than 0.25m/s. The axial reciprocating motion distance is longer than one spiral pitch and reciprocating periodicity is 3-6 seconds. The sodium carbonate solution fouling removal experiment results show that the salt fouling decreases the overall heat transfer coefficient by 30% in one hour when there is no the 3D vibrating spiral-insert; and the insert can enhance heat transfer by 59% comparing to that during stable operation without this technology. Key Words: Falling-film Evaporator, Heat Pump Evaporate, Energy saving, Automatic cleaning, Heat transfer

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Li, Wei, Li Qing Wang, Li Jia Chen, and Xiao Wei Liu. "8-Way Substrate Integrated Waveguide Power Divider." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.137.

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In this Paper, a 8-way Microwave Equal Power Divider with Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology is Proposed and Designed . the Substrate Integrated Waveguide Power Divider with Metal pin Inductance is Investigated and Simulated. the Center Frequency is 9.5GHz, and the Operating Frequency Band is more than 1GHz. the Maximal Insert Loss is Less than 1dB from 9GHz to 10GHz. the Impedance of each Ports is 50Ω.

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Zhao, Hai Jun, Jia Dong Chang, and Hong Jie Zhao. "Improving Design of Muffler Based on Three-Dimension Numerical Calculation of Fluid and Sound Field." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2300–2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2300.

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Presence problem of exhaust muffler is anal sized, using three three-dimension numerical calculation of fluid and sound field improvement on original structure is performed, and improving results are certificated. It is shown that insert loss under every rotational speed all reach to the standard of 28dB（A）, and the noises of stationary end tube on the attention frequency band are all smaller than 5 dB（A） , and its pressure loss is decreased by about 32% than 7.6kPa of original structure muffler. So performance of the muffler is evidence increased, an important method is provided for decreasing whole vehicle noise, improving aerodynamic quality and reducing environmental pollution.

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Cai, Xiao Tao, De Jiang Yu, Hui Feng Wang, and Ru Gang Hu. "Design of a Miniaturized Microstrip Wilkinson Power Divider." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1826.

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A miniaturized microstrip Wilkinson power divider is proposed in this paper. The designed power divider is miniaturized by means of using the snake-shaped structure to meet the engineering requirements. During the operation frequency band, the designed Wilkinson power divider has good performance of impedance matching at three ports and the measured return loss of each port are all less than -17dB. The isolation between two output ports is better than -20dB. The insert loss is less than 0.7dB. The designed power divider is fabricated to validate the design. The proposed power divider is measured and the simulated and measured results have a good agreement.

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Westbrook, Lindsey, Joseph Roig, Neil Bagamasbad, Reynold Dilag, Melissa Nasser, Sheri Sauthoff, and Mary Berg. "Comparison of the Terumo BCT MNC and Cmnc Protocols for Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collections." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5731.5731.

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Abstract Background: Terumo BCT recently offered a new method of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection using the Spectra Optia¨, an apheresis instrument. The new protocol includes a continuous mononuclear cell collection (CMNC) as opposed to an older version, the mononuclear cell collection (MNC), which involves an additional step where product pools through a cell separation insert. Our institution has used both methods and the purpose of this study was to compare the CMNC to the MNC protocol, including run times and PBSC product characteristics. Methods: A retrospective review and comparison of parameters from 120 collection procedures using the MNC insert and 60 collection procedures using the CMNC insert was done using the t-test. Data from patients/donors (including 20 allogeneic donors) as well as procedure details including run time, flow cytometry marker for stem cells (CD34)-positive (CD34+) throughput, CD34+ collection efficiency (CE%), platelet loss (plt loss/total blood volume [TBV]), and collection product characteristics were included in the analysis. Results: The MNC donor group included 12 allogeneic donors, which is comparable to the 8 allogeneic donors in the CMNC group. Donor weight and patient weight was not significantly different between the two groups. Pre-procedure laboratory values (WBC, percentage of lymphocytes [lymph%], percentage of monocytes [MNC%], and platelet count) were also similar between the two groups. Run time was found to be significantly shorter using the CMNC protocol compared to the MNC protocol. Product volume was also significantly lower in the CMNC group compared to the MNC group. Although the volume was lower, the CMNC product had significantly higher white blood cell count (WBC), MNC%, and lymph% when compared to the MNC product. The CD34+ throughput was significantly higher in the CMNC group than the MNC group. The CD34+ CE% was found to be slightly increased in the CMNC group, though not significantly. The platelet loss was nearly identical in both protocols when normalized for total blood volume. Product hematocrit (HCT%) was significantly higher using the CMNC protocol; however, the red blood cell volume never exceeded 20 mL due to the lower product volume with the CMNC protocol. The numerical results are summarized in the Table. Conclusion: The CMNC protocol collects a smaller volume of a purer product when compared to the MNC protocol with comparable platelet and red blood cell loss. Staff members who perform apheresis procedures are pleased by the shorter run time. Table Table. Disclosures Roig: Terumo BCT: Employment.

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Radhi, Zainab Abdulmohsin Hadi, and Mowafaq Mohammed Ghareeb. "Preparation and Evaluation of Rebamipide Film using Casting Technique for Local Action." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 28, no. 1 (June 9, 2019): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol28iss1pp24-36.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to prepare rebamipide ocular inserts in order to extend its release on the ocular surface for dry eye treatment. Solubility study was applied to the drug with or without l-arginine using different solvents. Solvent casting technique was used to prepare the inserts; l-arginine was used to solubilize the drug, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose grades (E5 and K15M) and poly ethylene glycol 200 were used as excipients. The inserts were evaluated for their physical and mechanical properties, moisture loss% and absorption %, surface pH, and in-vitro drug release. The use l-arginine exhibited an enhancement of rebamipide solubility in both deionized water and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) by approximately 250 times and 3 times, respectively. The formulations showed uniform weight and thickness except for F1, and all showed uniform drug content. The absence of plasticizer in F1 caused haziness in its appearance and brittleness of the inserts. F3 which contain hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K15M showed good physical and mechanical properties thus was selected for in vitro release and was compared to the marketed brand Mucosta® suspension eye drop; F3 showed significant enhancement in extending the release of rebamipide compared to the reference marketed brand. Keywords: Rebamipide, L-arginine, Ocular insert, Solvent casting technique ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? (K15M ? E5 ) ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? (?? ??????????? 7.4 ), ?????? ????? 250 ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ???????. ???????? ????? ??? ? ????? ??????? ???? ??? (F1 ) ? ?? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ??(F1 ) ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??????. ( F3) ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? (M 15 K) ???? ???? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? (????????) ? ?? ???? ?? ??????? F3 ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??????? ?????????: ??????????, ????????, ??????? ??????, ????? ??????? ? ????

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Kapoor, Punnet, Nima Zangmo, L. N. Garg, Anu Saini, and Manish Gupta. "Threshold shift validity by documenting sensorineural acuity level: a useful tool for masking." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 5 (April 21, 2020): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20201686.

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Background: Masking dilemma is a condition prevalent whenever there is significant hearing loss in non-test ear and conductive hearing loss in test ear resulting into narrow or non-existent plateau width. Three feasible ways are divulged to circumvent this condition namely, Sensorineural acuity level testing, Fusion Inferred at threshold and use of insert type transducers. Different circumstances encountered when using insert type transducers and Fusion Inferred at threshold test has made it peril to use. Thus, administration of sensorineural acuity level test has been preferred. Sensorineural acuity level test involves computation of individual threshold shifts and its comparison with normal threshold shifts when a maximum level of bone conducted noise is presented at the centre of forehead via bone conduction vibrator. This research study aims to document normal threshold shifts and its validation in individual with bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss.Methods: A prospective study was carried out among 50 normal individuals and 50 patients with bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. Pertinent measures were taken to ensure fulfilment of all-inclusive and exclusive criteria. In addition, air conduction and bone conduction threshold were computed using conventional methods followed by administration of sensorineural acuity level test. Necessary comparison was made among the threshold shifts. Results: Inferences drawn showed closer correlation between sensorineural acuity level threshold and bone conduction thresholds during puretone audiometry.Conclusions: Sensorineural acuity level test has shown to be effectual in both rehabilitation and medical interventions. Besides, imperative role of an audiologist can be recognized in its administration and elucidation for better prognostication.

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Porter, Heather L., Lori J. Leibold, and Emily Buss. "Effects of Self-Generated Noise on Quiet Threshold by Transducer Type in School-Age Children and Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 2027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00302.

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Purpose Low-frequency detection thresholds in quiet vary across transducers. This experiment tested the hypothesis that transducer effects are larger in young children than adults, due to higher levels of self-generated noise in children. Method Listeners were normal-hearing 4.6- to 11.7-year-olds and adults. Warble-tone detection was measured at 125, 250, 500, and 1000 Hz with a sound-field speaker, insert earphones, and supra-aural headphones. Probe microphone recordings measured self-generated noise levels. Results Thresholds were similar across ages for speaker measurements. Transducer effects were larger for children than adults, with mean child–adult threshold differences at 125 Hz of 3.4 dB (insert earphones) and 6.6 dB (supra-aural headphones). Age effects on threshold were broadly consistent with noise levels measured in the ear canal. Conclusions Self-generated noise appears to elevate children's low-frequency thresholds measured with occluding transducers. These effects could be particularly relevant to the diagnosis of minimal and mild hearing loss in children.

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Zhang, Su Nan, Qiang Ye, and Chang Wei Luo. "A Novel Three-Port Combiner Based on Coaxial Cavity." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 1924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.1924.

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In this paper, a novel three-port combiner based on coaxial cavity is presented, which consists of a band-pass filter with a transmission zero and a ultra-wideband band-stop filter, and the combiner is different to the conventional combiner based on microstrip or stripline. The design and simulated results show that the novel combiner has a good performance, which are insert loss more than -0.5dB and return loss less than -20dB between the GSM/DCS/TD band (800-2170MHz) and WLAN band (2400-2500MHz), the isolation in both bands less than -85dB, respectively. In addition, the performances of the novel combiner are demonstrated experimentally, the measured results have good agreement with simulated results.

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Puri, Claudia. "Effects of loss of myosin VI No-insert isoform on clathrin-mediated endocytosis of plasma-membrane receptors." Communicative & Integrative Biology 3, no. 3 (May 2010): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cib.3.3.11281.

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Chen, Si-xiang, Zhi-guang Xu, and Hong Xie. "Optimizing design of triplexer chip with low insert loss and high isolation based on planar lightwave circuit." Optoelectronics Letters 3, no. 4 (July 2007): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-007-6172-6.

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Tanir, H., T. Sener, and E. Ozalp. "P325 Dinoprostone vaginal insert versus intravenous oxytocin to reduce the postpartum blood loss following vaginal or cesarean delivery." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 107 (October 2009): S506—S507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61817-8.

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Xu, Tianjun, Fanxing Meng, Zhihuang Zhu, and Rixin Wang. "Characterization and comprehensive analysis of the miiuy croaker TLR2 reveals a direct evidence for intron insert and loss." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 34, no. 1 (January 2013): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.008.

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Mohammadi, Ghobad, Shahla Mirzaeei, Shiva Taghe, and Pardis Mohammadi. "Preparation and Evaluation of Eudragit® L100 Nanoparticles LoadedImpregnated with KT Tromethamine Loaded PVA -HEC Insertions forOphthalmic Drug Delivery." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 9, no. 4 (October 24, 2019): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2019.068.

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Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to improve the ocular delivery for ketorolactromethamine (KT) used to treat inflammation of the eye.Methods: Eudragit nanoparticles loaded with KT were prepared and incorporated in polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) films. Nanoparticles were characterized byFourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physicochemicalproperties and encapsulation effciency were investigated for nanoparticles. Also, the insertswere evaluated for their physiochemical parameters like percentage moisture absorption,percentage moisture loss, thickness and folding endurance.Results: Mean particle size and zeta potential were in range of 153.8-217 nm and (-10.8) -(-40.7) mV, respectively. The results show that the use of a surfactant has not led to any majorchange on drug loading. The loading increases with the amount of polymer. The insert had athickness varying from 0.072 ± 0.0098 to 0.0865 ± 0.0035 mm. The thicknesses of the insertsand the folding endurance increased with the total polymer concentration. The physicochemicalproperties showed that the Eudragit® L-100 nanoparticles loaded PVA-HEC films could be aneffective carrier for KT.Conclusion: For the first time, inserts of Eudragit nanoparticles were successfully prepared forophthalmic drug delivery system to prevent frequent drug administration and enhance patientcompliance.

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Zhao, Yuan, Bing Liang Hu, Chao Deng, Hong Wei Wang, Lei Li, and Ying Wang. "Improved Design of Microstrip-to-Slotline Transition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.844.

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A novel compact Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) microstrip-slotline transition utilizing high impedance chip resistor is proposed and analyzed. The reactance introduced by the microstrip open end and slotline short end, which is the main limitation to the bandwidth in the traditional structures, is minimized in the design. The model is analyzed with the method of equivalent circuits and simulated by the commercial software HFSS. To test the performance of this transition a back-to-back structure is fabricated. The measurement results show that the bandwidth of 45 octaves can be obtained while the insert loss is better than 0.7dB within the band.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Insert loss'

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