Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Insert loss'
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Cheatham, Christopher. "Statistical analysis of fastener vibration life tests." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002275.
Full textPodstata, Jan. "Volba optimálního nástroje pro vybranou technologii obrábění." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-432700.
Full textBeneš, Pavel. "Měření základních parametrů optických a optoelektronických komponent." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442446.
Full textHedges, S. J. "The analysis of inset dielectric guide by transverse resonance diffraction." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378882.
Full textNeves, Ademir Diniz. "Bioecologia e tabela de vida de fertilidade de Praelongorthezia praelonga (Douglas, 1891) (Hemiptera: Ortheziidae) em diferentes temperaturas e UR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-13022014-083216/.
Full textThe goal of this research was to evaluate the development of Praelongorthezia praeloga (Douglas, 1891) under different temperatures and relative humidity in order to define areas in the state of Sao Paulo where this pest is more likely to increase its population level thus causing higher losses. Through stock rearing of garden crotons (Codeaum variegatum L.), recently born mealybugs were transferred to \'Rangpur\' lime seedlings (Citrus limonia L.) and several biological parameters were observed. Similarly the evaluation of the biological parameters of the pest was performed under different relative humidity having, in this case, sprouting potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers as host. The best temperatures based on net reproduction rates (R0) and finite ratio of increase (?) for the development of P. praelonga were 22 and 25°C; the best relative humidity based on the highest net reproduction rates (R0) and finite ratio of increase (?) for P. praelonga was 70%; the critical stage, under any thermal or moist condition, for P. praelonga rearing was the first instar for females and first instar and pseudo-nymphosis for males; regarding the thermal requirements, P. praelonga may reach 4.99 to 6.60 annual generations in the main citrus areas of Sao Paulo; P. praelonga adults and nymphs preferred mature leaves of the trees for fixation; the P. praelonga sampling must be carried out with higher periodicity in dry and cold periods of the year and in leaves of the central part of the tree.
Spring, MaLisa R. "Impacts of Urban Greenspace Management on Beneficial Insect Communities." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492682461719594.
Full textRitchie, John Murray. "Pressure loss and heat transfer for single-phase turbulent flow in tubes fitted with wire-matrix inserts." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1228/.
Full textKolomenskiy, Dmitry. "Numerical modelling of lows past moving obstacles : Application to the aerodynamics of insect flight." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11034.
Full textThe dissertation presents theoretical and numerical studies of unsteady flows relevant to insect flapping flight. Much emphasis is put on the development of a numerical method for modelling incompressible viscous flows past multiple moving solid obstacles. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a Fourier pseudo-spectral discretization. Solid obstacles are modelled with the volume penalization method. An original approach is proposed for interpolation of the time-dependent penalization mask function, which takes advantage of the spectral discretization. Both two- and three-dimensional solvers have been developed, which differ in some implementation aspects. Notably, the three-dimensional code is adapted for massively parallel computers. The newly-developed numerical method is employed in a study of the Lighthill–Weis- Fogh mechanism, an unsteady aerodynamic mechanism used by some insects. That study begins, however, with the inviscid fluid model first considered by Lighthill. A transition from fling to sweep is analysed, when the connectivity of the domain changes. Then, modifications due to viscosity are explored. Important viscous effects are found near the trailing edges. The flow field near the hinge, observed in numerical simulations, is explained theoretically by local analysis of the Stokes equation. The importance of the three-dimensional effects is assessed. Numerical simulations are performed at two different values of the Reynolds number, Re = 128 and 1400, typical for insects of different size. The flow during fling is shown to be in reasonable agreement with the two-dimensional approximation. After the wings move apart, three-dimensional effects become essential. The penalization model has been extended to solve the problem of solid bodies falling through a fluid. Numerical simulations at Re = 10, 100 and 1000 have shown that decreasing Re has a stabilizing effect on the free fall dynamics
Peris, Cerdán David. "Paleobiología de los escarabajos (Insecta: Coleoptera) de los ámbares cretácicos del oeste europeo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396602.
Full textBeetles are currently the greatest biological group on Earth. Fossil beetles are known from the Permian, but preserved in amber only from the Cretaceous. This type of fossilization, in contrast to other ones, allows detailed anatomical and evolutionary studies. There are few areas in the world where there are Mesozoic deposits of amber with abundant bioinclusiones. Deposits of Spain (Albian) and France (Albian-Santonian) stand out as being the oldest with high palaeobiodiversity embedded within behind deposits from Lebanon (Barremian). The association of beetles in the Cretaceous amber of Western Europe (Spain and France) has been performed for the first time, which has 214 specimens (149 in Spain and 65 in France). In the end, 41 different families, 30 in Spain and 16 in France, were identified. The study shows that 13 families have in these ambers their oldest known representatives; in some cases they are the only records for the entire Mesozoic or even the entire fossil record. Most families identified maintain currently a saproxylic life style. Therefore, this group could not influence the release of large amounts of resin in the Cretaceous forests of gymnosperms, as had been defended so far. This release was influenced by other causes, such wildfires; the presence of ash within the amber and sediments, as well as fusinized plant remains associated with amber, show that the forest environment was affected by recurrent fires. Of all families identified in Spain and France, only five of them are present in both areas. This is surprising taking into account the proximity both paleogeographic and temporary between these areas. The paleogeographic isolation of the iberian plate during much part of the Mesozoic, which could favoured a high rate of endemism, some taphonomic or sampling bias and / or paleobotanical or paleoenvironmental characteristics that might be different at regional level, are different ideas described as an explanation for this phenomenon. Some of the families of beetles identified in these ambers can act today as pollinators of flowers. The study of these groups of beetles may help to understand the origin and diversification of flowering plants.
Goula, Marta. "Contribución al estudio de los hemípteros (Insecta, Heteroptera, Familia Miridae)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/826.
Full textVantorre, Thomas. "Communication chimique et compétition lors de la reproduction chez Gastrophysa viridula, Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209328.
Full textLa fonction la plus évidente de la phéromone sexuelle de G. viridula est l’induction du comportement sexuel mâle. Cet « aphrodisiaque », probablement constitué de plusieurs composés cuticulaires (des alcanes méthylés lourds), est émis par la femelle et déclenche par contact la sortie de l’édéage des mâles. Etonnamment, ces composés se retrouvent aussi chez les mâles de G. viridula dont le comportement sexuel est alors induit au contact de composés cuticulaires mâles. Ceci constituerait la cause proximale des comportements homosexuels observés chez les mâles de G. viridula. Nous avons ensuite étudié le rôle des composés cuticulaires dans l’isolement sexuel entre G. viridula et G. cyanea. Le comportement sexuel des mâles des deux espèces est en effet induit préférentiellement par les femelles conspécifiques. Pour G. viridula, cette préférence est visiblement attribuable aux composés cuticulaires. Enfin, les signaux chimiques sont parfois indicateurs du degré de compétition spermatique rencontré par un mâle et permettent à celui-ci d’ajuster la quantité de spermatozoïdes transmis à une femelle. Avant d’étudier l’implication de tels signaux chez G. viridula, nous avons souhaité mettre en évidence un ajustement de la quantité de spermatozoïdes transmis par des mâles soumis à divers degrés de compétition spermatique. Nos résultats ne nous permettent malheureusement pas de signaler un tel effet.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Brunissen, Laurence. "Interactions plantes-phloémophages : modalités et conséquences des réponses systémiques induites lors d’un stress." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0121.
Full textPlants respond to biotic and abiotic damages by activating a wide range of plant defence mechanisms, which can durably alter their physical and chemical properties. Consequently, plant induced responses may alter the relationships between phytophagous insects and their host plants. This project allowed to evaluate effects of several stresses of Solanum tuberosum on its relationship with aphids Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae. We measured the systemic effects of previous infestations by aphids, of both biotic and abiotic damages by chewing herbivores or mechanical lesions, and finally of exogenous treatment with methyl-jasmonate on behaviour and performance of aphids. Results showed that both behaviour and performances may be altered by systemic plant induced responses. These effects could have important consequences on aphids colonisation processes and also partly explain how aphid populations are distributed in their natural habitat. These results also revealed the ability of aphids to manipulate induced responses of their host plants. To determine phloem sap proteins involved in plant response to aphids, we analyzed for the first time the phloem exudate proteome of S. Tuberosum by two-dimensional differential electrophoresis. This technique allowed to separate numerous peptides, but also to successfully detect changes in protein profiles after aphid infestations and mechanical damages. These researches give new opportunities of using plant induced responses to develop new strategies to control aphid populations
Herraiz, Cabello Juan Alejo. "Estudio de las comunidades de hormigas de los diferentes tipos de vegetación del Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3714.
Full textThis thesis has sampled the Parc Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac and has compiled the inventory of ant species that have been sampled out of 52 plots using two types of sampling, hunting view and a total of 1040 pitfall. We have been found 65 species of ants, and the quality of some of them (social parasite and slave) indicate a good preservation of the environment. It has also been studied how the vegetation types (phytosociologically) have characteristics that result in two aspects of ant communities found in them: abundance and species richness. The analysis was carried out in three hierarchical levels: Class, Association and Vegetable Alliance. As a general conclusion, we can say that only the highest level (class) is any influence of the group phytosociological ant community. This would indicate that ecological conditions generated by different types of vegetation condition ant communities. The altitude is inversely related to the abundance and richness. One of the detected species, Lasius neglectus, is an exotic invasive and was advised to parc eradication by physical means.
Areyzaga, Guerrero Eduardo, and Galindo Erik Flores. "“ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LOS RESULTADOS FUNCIONALES EN PACIENTES TRATADOS CON ARTROPLASTIA TOTAL DE RODILLA CON COMPONENTE TIBIAL EN MONO BLOQUE VS COMPONENTE TIBIAL CON INSERTOS INDEPENDIENTES EN EL HOSPITAL DE CONCENTRACIÓN SATÉLITE DEL 01 MARZO DEL 2011 AL 01 DE MARZO DEL 2012”." Tesis de Licenciatura, Medicina-Quimica, 2013. http://ri.uaemex.mx/handle/20.500.11799/14087.
Full textKeppi, Elisabeth. "Purification et caractérisation d'une nouvelle famille de peptides antibactériens induits lors de la réponse immunitaire chez un insecte, Phormia terranovae, Diptère." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376064467.
Full textKeppi, Elisabeth. "Purification et caracterisation d'une nouvelle famille de peptides antibacteriens induits lors de la reponse immunitaire chez un insecte, phormia terranovae (diptere)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13099.
Full textValverde, Alejandro Hipólito Pabón. "Resistência em genótipos de Brachiaria a ninfas de três espécies de cigarrinha-das-pastagens (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2006. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3867.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Varias espécies de cigarrinha-das-pastagens (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) são pragas de importância nas pastagens do Brasil. Elas têm o potencial de ocasionar grandes perdas em milhões de hectares de pastagens melhoradas de Braquiária. Em culturas de baixo valor econômico como as pastagens, é necessário desenvolver métodos de controle de baixo custo, como a resistência de plantas a insetos. A introdução de germoplasma de Brachiaria pelo CIAT, tem estimulado a avaliação de genótipos com resistência a esta praga. Neste trabalho, conduzido no CTZM da EPAMIG, Viçosa-MG, avaliou-se o comportamento de 17 genótipos de Brachiaria ao ataque de ninfas de três das principais espécies de cigarrinha presentes no Brasil: Notozulia entreriana (Berg), Deois schach (Fabricius) y Deois flavopicta (Stal). Os experimentos conduziram-se em casa de vegetação (23.2o C; 71% RH). A resposta dos genótipos estúdio-se mediante a técnica de avaliação de resistência de Brachiaria às cigarrinhas, desenvolvida pelo programa de melhoramento genético do CIAT. Dois genótipos de resposta contrastante ao ataque das cigarrinhas usaram-se para comparar os níveis de resistência: BRA001058 (testemunha suscetível) e BRA000591 (testemunha resistente). De maneira complementaria, realizaram-se estúdios para caracterizar a antibiose e a tolerância como mecanismos de resistência no aceso de B. brizantha BRA004308, recentemente lançado como cv. Xaraés. Encontraram-se diferentes níveis de dano e sobrevivencia de ninfas nos genótipos de Brachiaria, sugerindo a expressão de antibiosis e/ou de tolerância como mecanismos de resistência às ninfas das cigarrinhas. O aceso BRA004308 mostrou alta antibioses a D. schach, antibioses moderada a D. flavopicta e tolerância a N. entreriana. Encontrou-se que os mecanismos e níveis de resistência em genótipos de Brachiaria podem de variar dependendo da espécie de cigarrinha. Para identificar genótipos superiores com resistência múltipla, é necessário conduzir ciclos de seleção baseadas na reação simultânea a varias espécies de cigarrinha.
Varias especies del salivazo de los pastos (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) son plagas de importancia económica en pasturas en el Brasil. Tienen el potencial de causar grandes pérdidas en millones de hectáreas de pasturas mejoradas de Braquiária. En cultivos de bajo valor económico como las pasturas, es necesario desarrollar medidas de control de bajo costo, como la resistencia de plantas a insectos. La introducción de germoplasma de Brachiaria por el CIAT, ha estimulado la búsqueda de genotipos resistentes a esta plaga. En este trabajo, conducido en el CTZM de EPAMIG, Viçosa-MG, se evaluó el comportamiento de 17 genotipos de Brachiaria frente a tres de las especies de salivazo de mayor importancia en el Brasil: Notozulia entreriana (Berg), Deois schach (Fabricius) y Deois flavopicta (Stal). Los experimentos se conducieron en invernadero (23.2o C; 71% RH). La respuesta de los genotipos se estudió mediante la técnica de evaluación de resistencia de Brachiaria al salivazo desarrollada en el programa de mejoramiento genético del CIAT. Dos genotipos de respuesta contrastante al ataque del salivazo, fueron usados para comparar los niveles de resistencia: BRA001058 (testigo susceptible) y BRA000591 (testigo resistente). Se realizaron además estudios para caracterizar la antibiosis y tolerancia como mecanismo de resistencia en la accesión BRA004308, recientemente liberada como cv. Xaraés. Diferentes niveles de daño y sobrevivencia de ninfas se encontraron en los genotipos de Brachiaria, sugiriendo la expresión de antibiosis y/o de tolerancia como mecanismos de resistencia a las ninfas de salivazo. La accesión BRA004308 mostró alta antibiosis a D. schach, antibiosis moderada a D. flavopicta y tolerancia a N. entreriana. Se encontró que los mecanismos y niveles de resistencia en genotipos de Brachiaria pueden variar dependiendo de la especie de salivazo evaluada. Para identificar genotipos superiores con resistencia antibiótica múltiple, es necesario conducir ciclos de selección basados en la reacción simultánea a varias especies de salivazo.
Gamboa, Osores Evelyn Fabiola. "Riqueza y distribución altitudinal de los Arctiinae (Erebidae), Sphingidae y Saturniidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) en la Reserva Paisajística Nor YauyosCochas, Lima, Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16355.
Full textArfinengo, Roda Gianluca. "Diseño de un equipo de laboratorio para estudiar la influencia de la disposición de los insertos entre impactos sucesivos en taladros percusivos." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6835.
Full textTesis
Watts, Corinne Hannah. "Invertebrate community reassembly and altered ecosystem process rates following experimental habitat restoration in a mined peat bog in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1481.
Full textMerino, Peñafiel Clemencia Oderay. "Efecto de los sustratos nutritivos en la producción y virulencia de Beauveria bassiana (Bálsamo) Vuillemin y Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin sobre un insecto plaga." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6483.
Full textTesis
Lindhe, Anders. "Conservation through management : cut wood as substrate for saproxylic organisms /." Uppsala : Dept. of Entomology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s300.pdf.
Full textMateos, Frías Eduardo. "Colémbolos ("Collembola, insecta") edáficos de encinares de la Serra de I'Obac y la Serra de Prades (Sierra Prelitoral Catalana). Efectos de los incendios forestales sobre estos antrópodos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/817.
Full textLa parcela control de Obac, situada a 590 m de altitud, es un encinar mixto de "Quercus ilex" y "Pinus halepensis" con un recubrimiento importante de sotobosque; el suelo es pardo calcáreo sobre conglomerados rojos, con una pendiente de 25° E y un pH de 7,7 medido a nivel del horizonte Al.
La parcela control de Prades, situada a 900 m de altitud, es un encinar monoespecífico de "Quercus ilex" con escaso recubrimiento de sotobosque; el suelo es pardo ácido sobre roca madre de filitas y areniscas, con una pendiente de 28° SSE y un pH de 4,8 medido en el horizonte Al.
Los perfiles de suelo de las dos localidades son de tipo Al B1 C, con horizontes orgánicos L, F y H bien desarrollados.
Se han realizado muestreos de terreno mensuales, durante 12 y 15 meses sucesivos en Obac y Prades respectivamente, teniendo en cuenta los distintos horizontes de los perfiles del suelo hasta una profundidad máxima de 10 cm en los horizontes minerales.
Se han determinado un total de 30 taxa de microartrópodos de los que "Acari" y "Collembola" son los grupos dominantes. En las parcelas control los primeros representan el 76,4% en Obac y el 92,6% en Prades, y los segundos el 16,5% en Obac y el 6% en Prades. En estas parcelas, la densidad media anual de microartrópodos totales es de 1225,09 ejemplares/100cm2 (CV anual = 16%) en Obac y 2302,20 ejemplares/100cm2 (CV anual = 25%) en Prades. En el perfil vertical del suelo la máxima densidad se obtiene en el conjunto de horizontes orgánicos (horizontes L, F y H) y disminuye con la profundidad en los horizontes minerales.
En cuanto a la comunidad colembo1ógica, en el conjunto de las parcelas de estudio se han encontrado 75 especies (en Obac 46 en la parcela control y 32 en la quemada; en Prades 35 en la parcela control y 29 en la quemada) de las que tres son nuevas para la ciencia: "Pseudachorutella catalonica", "Neonaphorura hexaspina" y "Pseudosinella subilliciens".
Las especies dominantes (con abundancia relativa total anual superior al 5%) en todo el perfil, o en alguno de los horizontes del mismo, en cada una de las parcelas estudiadas son las siguientes: En la parcela control de Obac "Xenylla maritima", "Neonaphorura hexaspina", "Mesaphorura italica", "Protaphorura nemorata", "Folsomia manolachei", "Isotomiella minor", "Isotoma notabilis" y "Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus". En la parcela quemada de Obac "Neonaphorura hexaspina"," Hesaphorura critica", "Mesaphorura italica", "Protaphorura nemorata"," Onichyurus silvarius", "Folsomia manolachei", "Isotomiella minor"," Entomobrya multifasciata" y "Pseudosinella fallax". En la parcela control de Prades "Xenylla schíllei", "Mesaphorura critica", "Mesaphorura italica", "Hesaphorura macrochaeta", "Folsomia fimetaria", "Folsomia sexoculata"," Entomobrya nivalis-strigata", "Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus" y "Sphaeridia pumilis". En la parcela quemada de Prades "Ceratophysella tergilobata", "Metaphorura affinis", "Mesaphorura critica", "Mesaphorura italica", "Mesaphorura macrochaeta"," Onichyurus minutus", "Folsomia fimetaria","Folsomia sexoculata" y "Entomobrya quinquelineata".
La parcela control de Obac, con una densidad media anual de colémbolos totales de 201,86 colémbolos/100cm2 (CV anual = 37%), presenta una densidad media-alta con respecto a diversos bosques de Francia y la Península Ibérica. La de Prades, 139,40 colémbolos/100cm2 (CV anual = 56% en Prades), se sitúa en una posición media-baja en el marco general.
Con respecto a diversos biotopos de la Península Ibérica, las comunidades colembológicas de los encinares estudiados presentan una composición específica que las diferencia del resto y las acerca a la de otro encinar de la misma región. Asimismo presentan una diversidad específica, en sentido amplio, intermedia con respecto a la totalidad de biotopos, destacando únicamente un elevado número de especies en Obac.
En las parcelas control, la comunidad se estructura verticalmente en el suelo y la tendencia general es a una disminución de densidad de fauna y del número de especies a medida que aumenta la profundidad. En función de la estructura de la comunidad y la composición específica, podemos hablar de una subcomunidad de superficie, formada por las especies que habitan en los horizontes orgánicos del perfil (horizontes L, F y H), y una subcomunidad de profundidad formada por por las especies que habitan en los horizontes más profundos (horizonte A11 y A12). Por otro lado, durante un ciclo anual, se detecta una composición específica diferenciada en función de la humedad, sobre todo a nivel de los horizontes orgánicos.
Los incendios ocurridos las parcelas quemadas destruyen por completo la vegetación y los horizontes L, F y gran parte del H del perfil. Por debajo de los 10 cm de profundidad, durante el paso de las llamas, la temperatura no superó lo que podemos considerar temperaturas usuales del suelo. A este nivel es donde sobrevivieron los ejemplares de la fauna que posteriormente recolonizaron el perfil en superficie.
Durante los 15 meses siguientes a la perturbación no se detecta una regeneración de la fauna edáfica en términos cuantitativos ni en términos de diversidad y estructura vertical. El conjunto de la comunidad edáfica muestra una notable reducción de densidad, siendo los colémbolos uno de los grupos más afectados. Pasados dos años, cuando ya se ha depositado una capa de material vegetal muerto sobre la superficie del suelo (horizonte L incipiente) y el recubrimiento vegetal ofrece una mayor protección frente a la climatología exterior, la comunidad edáfica muestra signos de recuperación en términos de densidad y riqueza en los horizontes inferiores, y en términos de estructuración vertical por recolonización de los horizontes superficiales del perfil.
This study was carried out in experimental plots of 20 x 20 m from two localities in the "Serra Prelitoral Catalana": "Serra de l'Obac" and "Serra de Prades". There were two experimental plots in each locality: burnt and control. Samples were taken monthly in the different ground levels down to a depth of 10 cm.
Acari and Collembola were the dominant taxa in the cornmunity of microarthropods. In relation to the Collembola cornmunity, 75 species were found, three of which were new: Pseudachorutella catalonics, Neonaphorura hexaspina and Pseudosinella subilliciens. The communities of the two localities showed similar specific profiles with each other but different from other communities from various biotopes in the Iberian Peninsula. Further, in the two localities studied, Collembola community showed an intermediate value of specific diversity in relation to the values of other biotopes in the Iberian Peninsula.
According to structure and specific composition of edaphic community it was possible to distinguish between a superficial subcommunity and a deep subcommunity. The first was formed by those species which lived in the organic horizons (L, F and H) of the soil and the second was formed by species which lived in the deepest horizons (A11 and A12). On the other hand, through an annual cycle a differential specific composition was observed in relation to wet.
The fires destroyed the vegetation and L and F horizons completely and also great part of H horizon of the soil. The fauna survived under 10 cm depth and so recolonized the profile towards the surface later.
During the following 15 months after the fire, the edaphic fauna was not regenerated. Two years after the f ire, there was a layer of dead vegetal material on the surface of the soil (incipient L horizon) which offered more protection to resist the external climatology. In that moment, the edaphic community showed signs of recovery, such as more density and richness in the lower horizons and vertical structuration by recolonization of the upper horizons of the soil profile.
Perry, Cavieres Pablo Cristóbal. "Efectos del cambio climático en los cultivos de palto, olivo y uva pisquera insertos dentro de un sistema de agricultura familiar campesina en la Provincia del Choapa." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150869.
Full textLas variaciones en el clima producto del aumento de las emisiones de Gases Efecto Invernadero (GEI), afectara fuertemente a la agricultura, debido a su alta dependencia de las condiciones climáticas para su desarrollo. En particular en zonas semi áridas como la Provincia del Choapa, en donde la disminución de las precipitaciones ha afectado fuertemente a la agricultura familiar campesina de la provincia, quienes al no tener las herramientas para hacer frente a estos eventos climáticos han visto disminuir sus producciones. Para poder evaluar el impacto del cambio climático en las producciones de olivos, paltos y vides pisqueras, se evaluó con el modelo SIMFRUT, las variaciones en las productividades potenciales para la zona. Tomando como base un escenario de línea base y los escenarios de cambio climático para los periodos 2050 y 2070 con diferentes niveles de forzamiento radiativo (2,6 y 8,5 W/m2) y disponibilidad hídrica.
Ricarte, Antonio. "Biodiversidad de sírfidos (Diptera: Syrphidae) y conservación de los hábitats en el Parque Nacional de Cabañeros, España." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/9663.
Full textThe high potential that insects have, as tools for conservation and management of biodiversity, is devalued due to the lack of entomological studies, even in protected areas. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are important bioindicators for the conservation status of habitats, as well as pollinators, pest controllers or pests of cultivated plants. However, the hoverfly fauna from the western Mediterranean Basin is not studied enough. Life histories of numerous rare, threatened or endemic species are unknown. This study was carried out in a typical Mediterranean ecosystem, Cabañeros National Park (Spain). The area includes three habitat types, woodlands, scrublands and grasslands, dominating each one – matrix – in three different landscapes. Woodlands supply a diverse and abundant range of ecological niches for hoverflies, including many microsite types associated with overmature trees. A systematic sampling by hand net was conducted in 18 sampling points. Each landscape had a pair of sampling points belonging to each of the aforementioned three habitat types. A systematic sampling by Malaise traps was also performed in five Mediterranean-representative habitats – grassland or “raña”, Fraxinus angustifolia forest, Quercus suber forest, Quercus pyrenaica forest and scrubland. In addition, immature stages were sampled, mainly for phytophagous and saproxylic species.
Vatka, E. (Emma). "Boreal populations facing climatic and habitat changes." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526203607.
Full textTiivistelmä Ihmisen aiheuttama habitaattien katoaminen ja huononeminen sekä ilmastonmuutos vaikuttavat populaatioihin kaikkialla maailmassa. Ilmaston lämpeneminen on muuttanut monien lajien fenologioita eri trofiatasoilla. Osalla saalistajalajien populaatioista suurin ravinnontarve ei enää ajoitu samaan aikaan saaliin runsaushuipun kanssa. Ajoituksen eriaikaisuus -hypoteesin mukaan todennäköisyys populaatioon rekrytoitumiselle riippuu synkronian asteesta saaliin kanssa. Ilmaston lämpenemisen vaikutuksissa lajeihin ja populaatioihin on kuitenkin vaihtelua. Ihmisen maankäyttö muuttaa ja tuhoaa lukuisien lajien elinympäristöjä. Esimerkiksi useiden boreaalisten metsien lintupopulaatioiden pienentymistä on selitetty intensiivisellä metsätaloudella. Lahopuun määrä metsissä on vähentynyt, mikä on uhka lahopuusta riippuvaisille lajeille. Korkealaatuisten habitaattien keskeisten piirteiden tunnistaminen on tärkeää luonnonsuojelun ja kestävän metsätalouden suunnittelulle. Koska yksilöiden oletetaan valitsevan niiden kelpoisuutta maksimoivia elinympäristöjä, pesäpaikanvalinta-analyysiä voidaan käyttää tärkeiden habitaattipiirteiden tunnistamiseen. Tarkastelen väitöskirjassani ilmastonmuutoksen ja habitaattien laadun vaikutuksia boreaalisiin populaatioihin. Mallilajeina käytän koloissa pesiviä varpuslintuja. Hyödyntämällä pitkäaikaisaineistoja osoitan, että lisääntymisen ajoittuminen on aikaistunut tali- ja hömötiaisella, mutta ei sinitiaisella. Myös ravintohuippu on aikaistunut, mikä on parantanut synkroniaa hömötiaisen ja sen pääasiallisen ravinnon eli toukkien välillä. Tali- ja sinitiaisella synkronia on pysynyt hyvänä. Hyvän synkronian myönteinen vaikutus lisääntymismenestykseen vaikuttaa kuitenkin ehdolliselta: se tulee esiin vain tietyissä olosuhteissa, kuten vuosina jolloin toukkia on runsaasti. Kevään lämpötilat näyttävät vaikuttavan pesinnän ajoittumiseen erityisesti proksimaattisena tekijänä. Pesäpaikkoina toimivien seisovien lahopuiden määrä on tärkein hömötiaisen pesäpaikanvalintaa määräävä tekijä. Kaukokartoitusaineisto yksinään ei riitä luotettavien mallien tuottamiseen, sillä ekologisesti tärkeät pienen skaalan tekijät voidaan kartoittaa vain suorin maastomittauksin. Metsien harventamatta jättäminen valituilla laikuilla turvaisi lahopuun jatkuvan saatavuuden, mikä vaikuttaisi myönteisesti talousmetsien biodiversiteettiin
Almeida, Mirian Cristina de. "Diversidade e vulnerabilidade de insetos aquáticos em paisagens produtivas." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4788.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Loss and habitat fragmentation at the landscape scale, the land use and local integrity of habitats (e.g. riparian forests), associated with the social structure of rural lands are factors that can determine the loss of species. These could be greater where of landscapes is homogenized by the same type of land use, such as in agricultural areas. This has important consequences and could be determine that Conservation Biology practices are not based only on Protected Areas. These approaches applied to aquatic insects occurring in Cerrado of Goiás state show that endangered species of Odonata, distributed in the central and south region presented a historical habitat loss of 76%. Regional assessment according to the criteria of the IUCN, a total of 34.8% of species would be in some category of threat, these 71.5% were Critically Endangered, 22,8% Endangered and 4.9% would be vulnerable. Local environmental variables, spatial structure of habitat and matrix in buffers of 250 meters and habitat spatial structure and matrix in the landscapes of 25 by 25 kilometers explained the local richness of Odonata adults in streams. Richness decreases with increase in pasture in the 250 meters buffers and crop in the landscape and increases with the opening canopy. For Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) immature, richness increases with increasing riparian forest 250 meters buffers, with the opening of canopy and the average conductivity of the water. When we consider the habitat integrity (riparian) associated with the structure of rural property around protected areas, the integrity of riparian vegetation as measured by NDVI was lower in the Buffer Zone of sustainable protect areas associated with small farms. The area of the property dedicated to the cultivation and cattle size has direct impacts to lower NDVI values.
A perda e a fragmentação de habitats na escala da paisagem, o uso do solo e a integridade local de habitats (e.g. mata ciliar), associadas à estrutura social das propriedades rurais são fatores que podem determinar a perda de espécies. Esta perda poderia ser maior onde a matriz das paisagens é homogeneizada por um mesmo tipo de uso do solo, como nas áreas agrícolas. Isto tem consequências importantes e fazem com que as práticas da Biologia da Conservação não se baseiem apenas nas Áreas Protegidas. Estas abordagens aplicadas aos insetos aquáticos ocorrentes no Cerrado do estado de Goiás demonstram que as espécies ameaçadas de Odonata, distribuídas na região centro e sudoeste apresentaram uma perda histórica de 76% de habitat. Na avaliação regional de acordo com os critérios da IUCN, um total de 34,8% das espécies estariam ameaçadas, das quais 71,5% estariam Criticamente Ameaçadas, 22,8% estariam Ameaçadas e 4,9% Vulneráveis. As variáveis ambientais locais, a estrutura espacial de habitat e da matriz em área de influência de 250 metros e a estrutura espacial de habitat e matriz nas paisagens de 25 por 25 quilômetros explicaram a riqueza local de adultos de Odonata em córregos. A riqueza diminui com o aumento de pastagem na área de influência de 250 metros e lavoura na paisagem e aumenta com a abertura de dossel. Para os imaturos de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT), a riqueza aumenta com o aumento da quantidade de mata ciliar a 250 metros, com a abertura de dossel e a condutividade da água. Quando consideramos a integridade de habitat (mata ciliar) associada a estrutura da propriedade rural ao redor de áreas protegidas, a integridade da vegetação ripária medida pelo NDVI foi menor na Zona de Amortecimento da Unidade de Uso sustentável associada a pequenas propriedades. A área da propriedade dedicada ao cultivo e o tamanho do rebanho tem impactos diretos para valores menores de NDVI.
Lozano, Fernàndez Jesús. "Mecanisme d’acció de l’hormona juvenil en la metamorfosi dels insectes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286366.
Full textMetamorphosis is a process were a sudden and conspicuous morphological change occurs at a specific time point during the postembryonic development of several animal groups, like amphibians and insects. Insect metamorphosis proceeds in two modes: hemimetaboly, defined by a gradual change along the life cycle, as occurs in bugs, cockroaches and locusts, and holometaboly, characterized by an abrupt change from larvae to adult mediated by a pupal stage, has observed in butterflies, beetles and flies. Metamorphosis evolved from hemimetaboly to holometaboly and the latter innovation was most successful because more than 80% of present insects are holometabolan species. From an endocrine point of view, both hemimetabolan and holometabolan metamorphosis is regulated by two kinds of hormones: 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which induce molts, and juvenile hormone (JH), which inhibits metamorphic changes. Using the cockroach Blattella germanica as a basal hemimetabolous model, the general objective of this thesis is to study the molecular action of JH in repressing insect metamorphosis. One of the main players in hormonal signalling is Methoprene-tolerant (Met), which plays the role of JH receptor. Depletion of Met in young nymphal instars triggers precocious metamorphosis, suggesting that Met transduces the antimetamorphic signal of JH. Recent studies report that Met heterodimerizes with Taiman (Tai) forming the receptor complex of JH in metamorphosis repression. However, there is no data in vivo demonstrating a role of Tai in metamorphosis, because its depletion in a number of insect models resulted in 100% mortality. B. germanica possesses four Tai isoforms resulting from the combination of two indels in the C-terminal region of the sequence. RNAi depletion of insertion-1 isoforms results in a precocious adult development, demonstrating its involvement in metamorphosis. The insertion-1 of Tai is conserved in other insect species, which suggests that the mechanism of signal transduction of the antimetamorphic action of JH I conserved in other species. An important JH-dependent factor is BR-C, whose expression in holometabolan species is inhibited by JH in young larvae and enhanced in mature larvae to specify to pupal stage. The functional study of BR-C in cockroach reveal ancestral functions related to cell division and wing pad growth. Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) is a transcription factor whose function as transductor of the antimetamorphic action of JH has been demonstrated in holometabolan species. RNAi experiments depleting Kr-h1 in young nymphal instars of B. germanica results in precocious metamorphosis, suggesting that their role as a JH transductor in metamorphosis is evolutionary conserved in hemimetabolan and holometabolan species. Finally, it has been reported that depletion of dicer-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of miRNA biosynthesis, prevents metamorphosis in B. germanica. This thesis has addressed the question of how miRNAs act in metamorphosis and why their absence impairs it. The whole data of experiments reported here indicate that miR-2 scavenges Kr-h1 transcripts in the last nymphal instar of B. germanica, which contributes to the correct development of metamorphosis.
Pineda, D��az Saulo Amando. "Valoraci��n de los par��metros de corte apropiados, para mejorar el rendimiento de las herramientas de carburo s��lido y cortadores con insertos intercambiables de diferentes fabricantes, para operaciones de torneado, fresado y taladrado del taller mec��nico de LuK Puebla S.A. de C.V." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2005. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lim/pineda_d_sa/.
Full text(cont.) Fue posible apreciar los diferentes puntos de vista que se han empleado en evaluaciones de torneado, fresado y taladrado, dentro de las investigaciones desarrolladas por los fabricantes de herramientas y personal especializado en el estudio del rendimiento de dichos elementos. En la observaci��n y medici��n del desgaste se presentaron algunas limitaciones producto del equipo utilizado para esta investigaci��n, pero en base al desarrollo y los recursos disponibles en el ��rea, se idearon elementos por medio de los cuales se pudo llevar a cabo la inspecci��n de las herramientas de corte probadas. Con la aplicaci��n del dise��o de experimentos y el an��lisis estad��stico realizado con Minitab��, se obtuvo un an��lisis de resultados propio a cada operaci��n de corte, para definir cuales de los factores seleccionados para la evaluaci��n influyen m��s en el rendimiento de las herramientas. Finalmente se evaluaron los beneficios econ��micos de las pruebas y algunas mejoras para favorecer el desarrollo del mecanizado de alto rendimiento. .
Hidalgo, Galiana Amparo. "Evolution of thermal tolerance and size of the geographic range in closely related species of water beetles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286361.
Full textEsta tesis parte del estudio de un grupo de especies de escarabajos acuáticos (Agabus brunneus complex) que poseen diferencias importantes en el tamaño de sus rangos geográficos, contando con una especie insular (A. rufulus), una continental de rango restringido (A. ramblae) y una continental de rango amplio (A. brunneus) para estudiar los factores implicados en esas diferencias. Este complejo de especies diversificó a finales del Pleistoceno en la península ibérica posiblemente tras la colonización de A. ramblae desde Marruecos. Una de las especies resultantes A. brunneus en algún momento de la diversificación desarrolló la capacidad de resistencia a bajas temperaturas lo que le facilitó el poder extender su rango hacia climas más fríos. Se empleó la proteómica de poblaciones para analizar la respuesta de varias poblaciones de A. brunneus y A. ramblae frente a temperaturas que pueden experimentar en la naturaleza. Al estudiar la variabilidad a distintos niveles entre dos poblaciones naturales de A. ramblae obtuvimos una buena reproducibilidad de nuestros experimentos. Al analizar de forma global dos poblaciones para cada especie (Marruecos y península ibérica para ambas) descubrimos que la diversificación de la filogenia ha ido acompañada de cambios en la respuesta a nivel de expresión proteínica. La mayoría de las proteínas identificadas están relacionadas con el metabolismo energético y con proteínas del estrés, estas últimas se expresan diferencialmente entre las dos especies analizadas, indicando una diferente respuesta al estrés térmico. El presente trabajo abre la posibilidad de realizar este tipo de experimentos empleando poblaciones naturales de especies no modelo y demuestra que la respuesta frente al estrés de un factor ambiental, en este caso la temperatura, puede recuperarse empleando para ello la proteómica. Así mismo las diferencias en el tamaño del rango pueden ir acompañadas de la adquisición de distinta capacidad de respuesta frente al estrés térmico.
Klus, Lukáš. "Armatury v otopných soustavách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372198.
Full textMitterboeck, T. Fatima. "Consequences of Insect Flight Loss for Molecular Evolutionary Rates and Diversification." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3679.
Full textGenerously funded by NSERC with a Canada Graduate Scholarship and the Government of Ontario with an Ontario Graduate Scholarship to T. Fatima Mitterboeck; NSERC with a Discovery Grant to Dr. Sarah J. Adamowicz
Pérez-Bañón, Celeste. "Biología de los sírfidos (Diptera: Syrphidae) de los ecosistemas insulares de la Comunidad Valenciana: aspectos de la relación sírfido-planta." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/3809.
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