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Journal articles on the topic 'Insectivorous bats'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Yani, Desi Arsita, and Wanda Nurma Yuliyantika. "Comparative Anatomy and Histology of Digestive Organs of Fruit-Eating Bats (Pteropus Vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758) and Insect-Eating Bats (Rhinolopus pusillus Temminck, 1834)." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (March 1, 2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.51.

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Animal Bat consists of Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera. The difference between the two bats lies in the type and behavior of eating. Megachiroptera is a fruit-eating bat, while Microchiroptera is an insect-eating bat. This study aims to compare the digestive organ of fruit-eating bats (Pteropus vampyrus) and insect-eating bats (Rhinolopus pusillus). This research was conducted by observing macroanatomy and microanatomy in the digestive organ of both bats. Macroanatomy observation is done by looking at the shape and curvature of the analysis through organ photo media. Microanatomy observation was done by making organ preparations with hematoxylin-eosin staining and observed using a microscope. The digestive organ of fruit-eating bats and insectivores consists of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and rectum. Macroanatomically, fruit-eating bats and insectivores differ in size, where the fruit-eating bat's digestive organs are larger than insectivorous bats. Microanatomically, fruit-eating bats and insectivores have relatively similar histological structures, which differ only in the size of the cell.
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Whitaker, John O., H. Kathleen Dannelly, and David A. Prentice. "Chitinase in Insectivorous Bats." Journal of Mammalogy 85, no. 1 (February 2004): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0015:ciib>2.0.co;2.

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3

Chu, D. K. W., L. L. M. Poon, Y. Guan, and J. S. M. Peiris. "Novel Astroviruses in Insectivorous Bats." Journal of Virology 82, no. 18 (June 11, 2008): 9107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00857-08.

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ABSTRACT Bats are increasingly recognized to harbor a wide range of viruses, and in most instances these viruses appear to establish long-term persistence in these animals. They are the reservoir of a number of human zoonotic diseases including Nipah, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. We report the identification of novel groups of astroviruses in apparently healthy insectivorous bats found in Hong Kong, in particular, bats belonging to the genera Miniopterus and Myotis. Astroviruses are important causes of diarrhea in many animal species, including humans. Many of the bat astroviruses form distinct phylogenetic clusters in the genus Mamastrovirus within the family Astroviridae. Virus detection rates of 36% to 100% and 50% to 70% were found in Miniopterus magnater and Miniopterus pusillus bats, respectively, captured within a single bat habitat during four consecutive visits spanning 1 year. There was high genetic diversity of viruses in bats found within this single habitat. Some bat astroviruses may be phylogenetically related to human astroviruses, and further studies with a wider range of bat species in different geographic locations are warranted. These findings are likely to provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of astroviruses and reinforce the role of bats as a reservoir of viruses with potential to pose a zoonotic threat to human health.
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Furey, Neil M., Iain J. Mackie, and Paul A. Racey. "The role of ultrasonic bat detectors in improving inventory and monitoring surveys in Vietnamese karst bat assemblages." Current Zoology 55, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.5.327.

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Abstract Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. Monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. l % of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29 % (ten spp. of aerial insectivores) of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% (two spp.) of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region.
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Straka, Tanja M., Pia E. Lentini, Linda F. Lumsden, Sascha Buchholz, Brendan A. Wintle, and Rodney van der Ree. "Clean and Green Urban Water Bodies Benefit Nocturnal Flying Insects and Their Predators, Insectivorous Bats." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072634.

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Nocturnal arthropods form the prey base for many predators and are an integral part of complex food webs. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms influencing invertebrates at urban water bodies and the potential flow-on effects to their predators. This study aims to: (i) understand the importance of standing water bodies for nocturnal flying insect orders, including the landscape- and local-scale factors driving these patterns; and (ii) quantify the relationship between insects and insectivorous bats. We investigated nocturnal flying insects and insectivorous bats simultaneously at water bodies (n = 58) and non-water body sites (n = 35) using light traps and acoustic recorders in Melbourne, Australia. At the landscape scale, we found that the presence of water and high levels of surrounding greenness were important predictors for some insect orders. At the water body scale, low levels of sediment pollutants, increased riparian tree cover and water body size supported higher insect order richness and a greater abundance of Coleopterans and Trichopterans, respectively. Most bat species had a positive response to a high abundance of Lepidopterans, confirming the importance of this order in the diet of insectivorous bats. Fostering communities of nocturnal insects in urban environments can provide opportunities for enhancing the prey base of urban nocturnal insectivores.
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Adhikari, Roshan Babu, Mahendra Maharjan, and Tirth Raj Ghimire. "Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in the Frugivorous and the Insectivorous Bats in Southcentral Nepal." Journal of Parasitology Research 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8880033.

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Bats are the only active flying placental mammals and are traditionally classified into mega- and microbats, which are, respectively, herbivorous and insectivorous in feeding habit. Though deforestation, habitat destruction, natural calamities, illegal hunting, and climate changes are the challenging threats for bats, the role of existing gastrointestinal (GI) parasites have not been evaluated yet in Nepal. Thus, the current study aims to determine the prevalence of GI parasites in bats from the Shaktikhor area at the Chitwan district of Southcentral Nepal. From July 2018 to February 2019, a total of 60 fecal samples of bats (30 from frugivorous bats and 30 from the insectivorous bats) were collected. These samples were preserved at 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. The fecal examination was carried out by the direct wet mount, concentrations, acid-fast staining, and sporulation techniques. Overall results showed the prevalence rate of 80% GI parasites. The parasites detected in the insectivorous bats were Ascarid spp., Capillarid sp., Cryptosporidium sp., Eimeria spp., Entamoeba sp., Giardia sp., Hymenolepis spp., Isospora sp., Oxyurid sp., Strongyle, and Strongyloides sp. In contrast, Eimeria sp., Entamoeba sp., and Hymenolepis sp. were detected in the frugivorous bats. Based on a wide diversity of parasite richness and parasitic concurrency measured by the prevalence rates, we suggest that GI parasitism might be a threatening factor in the insectivorous bats in the current study area.
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7

Jiao, Hengwu, Huan-Wang Xie, Libiao Zhang, Nima Zhuoma, Peihua Jiang, and Huabin Zhao. "Loss of sweet taste despite the conservation of sweet receptor genes in insectivorous bats." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 4 (January 21, 2021): e2021516118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021516118.

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The evolution of taste perception is usually associated with the ecology and dietary changes of organisms. However, the association between feeding ecology and taste receptor evolution is unclear in some lineages of vertebrate animals. One example is the sweet taste receptor gene Tas1r2. Previous analysis of partial sequences has revealed that Tas1r2 has undergone equally strong purifying selection between insectivorous and frugivorous bats. To test whether the sweet taste function is also important in bats with contrasting diets, we examined the complete coding sequences of both sweet taste receptor genes (Tas1r2 and Tas1r3) in 34 representative bat species. Although these two genes are highly conserved between frugivorous and insectivorous bats at the sequence level, our behavioral experiments revealed that an insectivorous bat (Myotis ricketti) showed no preference for natural sugars, whereas the frugivorous species (Rousettus leschenaultii) showed strong preferences for sucrose and fructose. Furthermore, while both sweet taste receptor genes are expressed in the taste tissue of insectivorous and frugivorous bats, our cell-based assays revealed striking functional divergence: the sweet taste receptors of frugivorous bats are able to respond to natural sugars whereas those of insectivorous bats are not, which is consistent with the behavioral preference tests, suggesting that functional evolution of sweet taste receptors is closely related to diet. This comprehensive study suggests that using sequence conservation alone could be misleading in inferring protein and physiological function and highlights the power of combining behavioral experiments, expression analysis, and functional assays in molecular evolutionary studies.
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Han, Hui-Ju, Hong-Ling Wen, Jian-Wei Liu, Xiang-Rong Qin, Min Zhao, Li-Jun Wang, Li-Mei Luo, et al. "PathogenicLeptospiraSpecies in Insectivorous Bats, China, 2015." Emerging Infectious Diseases 24, no. 6 (June 2018): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2406.171585.

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9

Schaer, Juliane, DeeAnn M. Reeder, Megan E. Vodzak, Kevin J. Olival, Natalie Weber, Frieder Mayer, Kai Matuschewski, and Susan L. Perkins. "Nycteria parasites of Afrotropical insectivorous bats." International Journal for Parasitology 45, no. 6 (May 2015): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.01.008.

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10

POULTON, EDWARD B. "British Insectivorous Bats and their Prey." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 99, no. 2 (May 7, 2010): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1929.tb07743.x.

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11

Furlonger, C. L., H. J. Dewar, and M. B. Fenton. "Habitat use by foraging insectivorous bats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-044.

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We monitored echolocation calls to measure the activity of insectivorous bats at study sites in southwestern Ontario during the summer of 1985, relying on feeding buzzes to identify foraging activity. Eptesicus fuscus was the most common and widespread species in the area, while Lasiurus cinereus and Lasiurus borealis were widespread. Species in the genus Myotis were more restricted in their distribution, being more common in an area with potential hibernacula. None of the species foraged exclusively in one habitat and all species exploited concentrations of insects around lights. Only E. fuscus made significant use of lights as foraging sites in urban areas while in town and rural areas all of the species foraged around lights.
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12

Barclay, Robert M. R., Mary-Anne Dolan, and Alvin Dyck. "The digestive efficiency of insectivorous bats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-256.

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To analyze foraging strategies and energy budgets, a knowledge of the digestive efficiency of animals is essential. There are no such data for insectivorous bats feeding on natural prey. We fed moths of various sizes to bats of three species, Myotis lucifugus, M. evotis, and M. volans and calculated digestive efficiencies using a micro-bomb calorimeter to measure the energy content of prey, uneaten remains and feces. Bats typically did not consume the legs or wings of the moths, and occasionally also rejected the heads. Despite this, all three species had mean digestive efficiencies between 75 and 78%, significantly lower than that of individuals fed mealworm larvae in this and previous studies (88–90%). There was a significant positive correlation between moth size and digestive efficiency, with small moths (20 mg) being digested at under 75% efficiency. Since most natural prey are even smaller than that and are typically consumed whole (including legs and wings), and many are likely less digestible than moths, we predict that actual digestive efficiencies realized by bats in the field will be under 70%. Variation in the efficiency of digestion of different prey may have significant implications for prey selection by bats. In addition, our results suggest that to meet energy demands, bats must consume greater quantities of prey than was previously estimated, and likely consume more than their own body weight per night during times of high energy demand, such as lactation.
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13

Emrich, Matthew A., Elizabeth L. Clare, William O. C. Symondson, Susan E. Koenig, and Melville Brock Fenton. "Resource partitioning by insectivorous bats in Jamaica." Molecular Ecology 23, no. 15 (October 25, 2013): 3648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12504.

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14

Bhardwaj, Manisha, Kylie Soanes, José J. Lahoz-Monfort, Linda F. Lumsden, and Rodney van der Ree. "Insectivorous bats are less active near freeways." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): e0247400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247400.

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Traffic disturbances (i.e. pollution, light, noise, and vibrations) often extend into the area surrounding a road creating a ‘road-effect zone’. Habitat within the road-effect zone is degraded or, in severe cases, completely unsuitable for wildlife, resulting in indirect habitat loss. This can have a disproportionate impact on wildlife in highly modified landscapes, where remaining habitat is scarce or occurs predominantly along roadside reserves. In this study, we investigated the road-effect zone for insectivorous bats in highly cleared agricultural landscapes by quantifying the change in call activity with proximity to three major freeways. The activity of seven out of 10 species of bat significantly decreased with proximity to the freeway. We defined the road-effect zone to be the proximity at which call activity declined by at least 20% relative to the maximum detected activity. The overall road-effect zone for bats in this region was 307 m, varying between 123 and 890 m for individual species. Given that this road-effect zone exceeds the typical width of the roadside verges (<50 m), it is possible that much of the vegetation adjacent to freeways in this and similar landscapes provides low-quality habitat for bats. Without accounting for the road-effect zone, the amount of habitat lost or degraded due to roads is underestimated, potentially resulting in the loss of wildlife, ecosystem services and key ecosystem processes (e.g. predator-prey or plant-pollinator interactions) from the landscape. We suggest all future environmental impact assessments include quantifying the road-effect zone for sensitive wildlife, in order to best plan and mitigate the impact of roads on the environment. Mitigating the effects of new and existing roads on wildlife is essential to ensure enough high-quality habitat persists to maintain wildlife populations.
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Castilho, Juliana Galera, Flávia Marchizeli Canello, Karin Corrêa Scheffer, Samira Maria Achkar, Maria Luiza Carrieri, and Ivanete Kotait. "Antigenic and genetic characterization of the first rabies virus isolated from the bat Eumops perotis in Brazil." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 2 (April 2008): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000200006.

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Although the main transmitters of rabies in Brazil are dogs and vampire bats, the role of other species such as insectivorous and frugivorous bats deserves special attention, as the rabies virus has been isolated from 36 bat species. This study describes the first isolation of the rabies virus from the insectivorous bat Eumops perotis. The infected animal was found in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. The virus was identified by immunofluorescence antibody test (FAT) in central nervous system (CNS) samples, and the isolation was carried out in N2A cell culture and adult mice. The sample was submitted to antigenic typing using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (CDC/Atlanta/USA). The DNA sequence of the nucleoprotein gene located between nucleotides 102 and 1385 was aligned with homologous sequences from GenBank using the CLUSTAL/W method, and the alignment was used to build a neighbor-joining distance-based phylogenetic tree with the K-2-P model. CNS was negative by FAT, and only one mouse died after inoculation with a suspension from the bat's CNS. Antigenic typing gave a result that was not compatible with the patterns defined by the panel. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus isolated segregated into the same cluster related to other viruses isolated from insectivorous bats belonging to genus Nyctinomops ssp. (98.8% nucleotide identity with each other).
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Broken-Brow, Julie, Kyle N. Armstrong, and Luke K. P. Leung. "The importance of grassland patches and their associated rainforest ecotones to insectivorous bats in a fire-managed tropical landscape." Wildlife Research 46, no. 8 (2019): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18012.

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Abstract ContextEcotones are recognised globally as areas of high biodiversity, yet relatively little is known about how fauna use different types of ecotone. Tropical rainforest–grassland ecotones are shaped through particular fire regimes, creating both gradual and abrupt ecotones. Insectivorous bats contribute considerably to mammalian diversity, and their capacity for flight allows them to use ecotones in a three-dimensional way, making them an informative faunal group for evaluating ecotone use. AimsTo critically evaluate how insectivorous bats use gradual and abrupt ecotones between rainforest and grassland habitats. MethodsBat detectors were placed every 50m, along 200-m transects, through five gradual and five abrupt rainforest–grassland ecotones. The activity of all insectivorous bats, as well as open, edge–open and closed foraging guilds (defined by echolocation call type), was compared among grassland and rainforest habitats, gradual and abrupt ecotones and positions across the ecotones. Key resultsMean total bat activity, mean open and edge–open foraging guild activity were significantly higher in grassland positions, followed by the edge, and were lowest in the rainforest. Closed foraging guild bats showed no preference for either habitats, but had significantly higher activity in gradual compared with abrupt ecotones. Mean activity of edge–open foraging guild bats was affected strongly by the interaction between ecotone type and position along the ecotone. Gradual ecotones had a more even proportion of all three bat foraging guilds along the ecotone compared with abrupt ecotones. Most of these findings were likely driven by the structural complexity of gradual ecotones that fulfilled microhabitat requirements for all three foraging guilds, but may also have been influenced by insect prey abundance. ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated the importance of grassland patches in a tropical, rainforest landscape, and of gradual rainforest–grassland ecotones for insectivorous bats. Gradual ecotones promote complex habitat mosaics to allow closed foraging guild species to take advantage of food resources provided by grasslands, and provide all bats proximity to potential roosting and foraging sites. ImplicationsThe data clearly suggest that a suitable fire regime should be used to maintain current grassland patches within a rainforest landscape, and to promote gradual ecotones for use by insectivorous bats.
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17

DIAS, M. A. GALVÃO, R. M. ZANCOPÉ OLIVEIRA, M. C. GIUDICE, H. MONTENEGRO NETTO, L. R. JORDÃO, I. M. GRIGORIO, A. R. ROSA, et al. "Isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from bats in the urban area of São Paulo State, Brazil." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 10 (December 23, 2010): 1642–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881000289x.

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SUMMARYThe presence of bats in caves, attics, ceilings, and roofs is important epidemiologically as they can increase the chance of human acquisition of pathogens, including Histoplasma capsulatum. Brazilian urban areas contain many species of bats, especially insectivorous bats, that are attracted by a wide range of readily available food and shelter. From August 2003 to December 2008, we analysed 2427 bats in the São Paulo State region. Homogenates of the livers and spleens of the bats were plated on specific medium to identify animals infected with H. capsulatum. The fungus was isolated from 87 bats (3·6%). The infected bats were identified as Molossus molossus (74), Nyctinomops macrotis (10), Tadarida brasiliensis (1), Molossus rufus (1) and Eumops glaucinus (1), all insectivorous species. The data presented are a relevant contribution to the epidemiology of H. capsulatum in densely populated urban areas such as in São Paulo State, especially since histoplasmosis is not included in the mandatory disease notification system.
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18

Wetzler, Gabrielle C., and Justin G. Boyles. "The energetics of mosquito feeding by insectivorous bats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 4 (April 2018): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0162.

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Dietary studies have long shown that insectivorous bats do not often consume mosquitoes, despite cosmopolitan distribution and occasional ubiquity of mosquitoes (Culicidae). The apparent avoidance of mosquitoes relative to availability may relate to their small size, as bats may have difficulties detecting and capturing mosquitoes or they may not return sufficient energy per unit effort of capture. We used bomb calorimetry to determine the energetic content of mosquitoes from Alaska and Illinois, USA, and compared resulting estimates to daily energy expenditure of several bat species. On a per gram basis, mosquitoes were energetically comparable with other insects (26.82 ± 2.40 kJ/g dry mass); however, an individual mosquito contains little energy. Some small insectivorous bats could theoretically meet daily energy needs by foraging exclusively on mosquitoes for <2 h, assuming maximal estimates of the rate of successful capture of mosquitoes. Larger, omnivorous bats may require >25 h of foraging on mosquitoes to meet daily energy needs. Wet mass of the mosquitoes required to balance energy budgets represent 18%–92% of body mass of bats and tends to be higher for smaller species. Thus, it appears that a mosquito-based diet may be constrained by different factors in small and large bat species.
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19

Jiao, Hengwu, Libiao Zhang, Huan-Wang Xie, Nancy B. Simmons, Hui Liu, and Huabin Zhao. "Trehalase Gene as a Molecular Signature of Dietary Diversification in Mammals." Molecular Biology and Evolution 36, no. 10 (July 16, 2019): 2171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz127.

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Abstract Diet is a key factor in determining and structuring animal diversity and adaptive radiations. The mammalian fossil record preserves phenotypic evidence of many dietary shifts, whereas genetic changes followed by dietary diversification in mammals remain largely unknown. To test whether living mammals preserve molecular evidence of dietary shifts, we examined the trehalase gene (Treh), which encodes an enzyme capable of digesting trehalose from insect blood, in bats and other mammals with diverse diets. Bats represent the largest dietary radiation among all mammalian orders, with independent origins of frugivory, nectarivory, carnivory, omnivory, and even sanguivory in an otherwise insectivorous clade. We found that Treh has been inactivated in unrelated bat lineages that independently radiated into noninsectivorous niches. Consistently, purifying selection has been markedly relaxed in noninsectivorous bats compared with their insectivorous relatives. Enzymatic assays of intestinal trehalase in bats suggest that trehalase activity tends to be lost or markedly reduced in noninsectivorous bats compared with their insectivorous relatives. Furthermore, our survey of Treh in 119 mammal species, which represent a deeper evolutionary timeframe, additionally identified a number of other independent losses of Treh in noninsectivorous species, recapitulating the evolutionary pattern that we found in bats. These results document a molecular record of dietary diversification in mammals, and suggest that such molecular signatures of dietary shifts would help us understand both historical and modern changes of animal diets.
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AGUILAR-SETIÉN, Á., M. L. ROMERO-ALMARAZ, C. SÁNCHEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, R. FIGUEROA, L. P. JUÁREZ-PALMA, M. M. GARCÍA-FLORES, C. VÁZQUEZ-SALINAS, et al. "Dengue virus in Mexican bats." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 12 (March 6, 2008): 1678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000460.

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SUMMARYIndividuals belonging to five families, 12 genera, and 19 different species of bats from dengue endemic areas in the Gulf and Pacific coasts of Mexico were examined by ELISA, RT–PCR, and for the presence of dengue virus (DV) NS1 protein. Nine individuals from four species were seropositive by ELISA: three insectivorous,Myotis nigricans(four positives/12 examined),Pteronotus parnellii(3/19), andNatalus stramineus(1/4), and one frugivorousArtibeus jamaicensis(1/35) (12·86% seroprevalence in positive species). DV serotype 2 was detected by RT–PCR in four samples from three species (all from the Gulf coast – rainy season): two frugivorous,A. jamaicensis(2/9), andCarollia brevicauda(1/2), and one insectivorous,M. nigricans(1/11). The latter was simultaneously positive for NS1 protein. DV RT–PCR positive animals were all antibody seronegative.M. nigricansshowed positive individuals for all three tests. This is the first evidence suggesting the presence of DV in bats from Mexico.
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Fullard, James H. "The defensive function of auditory enhancers in the neotropical moth Antaea lichyi (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 2042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-311.

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The neotropical moth Antaea lichyi Franclemont (Notodontidae) has pinna-like structures that increase its auditory sensitivity to sounds above 70 kHz. The functional adaptiveness of these structures was tested by examining the response of the moth's single auditory receptor neuron, with its cups in normal and altered positions, to prerecorded echolation signals of three sympatric, insectivorous bats. The results indicate that these auditory adaptations enhance detection of the short, high frequency calls emitted by certain insectivorous species in the family Phyllostomidae (New World leaf-nosed bats). I suggest that these bats, although not the primary chiropteran predators of moths, exert enough selection pressure to warrant the evolution of auditory adaptations in sympatric moths.
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Gómez-Corea, Wilson Noel, Farlem Gabriel España, David Josué Mejía-Quintanilla, and Andrea Nicole Figueroa-Grande. "Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (September 4, 2021): e20216179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.79.

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In Honduras, most bat inventories have been carried out with mist nets as the main sampling method, skewing knowledge towards the Phyllostomidae family, therefore the diversity and distribution of insectivorous bats is underrepresented. In order to have a more complete knowledge of the diversity of bats in the municipality of Yuscarán and mainly in the Yuscarán Biological Reserve, an inventory was carried out using the techniques of mist-netting and acoustic monitoring. The samplings were carried out between 910 and 1,827 m.a.s.l., covering agroecosystems, broadleaf forest, pine forest and urban environment. A total of 32 species of bats were registered, which represents 28% of the species diversity present in Honduras. Species belonging to five families were recorded: Emballonuridae (6.25%), Mormoopidae (15.22%), Phyllostomidae (56.25%), Molossidae (9.37%) and Vespertilionidae (12.5%). With the mist nets, a sampling effort of 7,128 m²/h was reached, which allowed the capture of 20 species and 186 individuals. Through the acoustic method, with 84 h/r, 13 species of insectivorous bats were recorded. The values of the acoustic parameters analysed from the search phase of each insectivorous species are provided, which can serve as a reference for the identification of species from Hondurans. To advance our understanding of the distribution patterns, composition, and vocal signatures of insectivore bats, we suggest the complementary use of mist nets and acoustic recorders in the inventories.
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Brigham, R. M., S. D. Grindal, M. C. Firman, and J. L. Morissette. "The influence of structural clutter on activity patterns of insectivorous bats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-017.

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We experimentally tested the hypothesis that three-dimensional structural clutter is a major factor affecting habitat choice by insectivorous bats. To do this we artificially increased clutter at two sites used by bats without affecting prey availability. Our measure of available insect prey did not differ between treatment and control sites, indicating that only the spatial complexity of the habitat type was manipulated. Artificial clutter negatively affected foraging activity by small bats (Myotis spp.), supporting the hypothesis that physical clutter does affect foraging by bats. In direct contrast to our expectation, large bats (Eptesicus fuscus, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasionycteris noctivagans) were apparently unaffected by the clutter treatment. We suggest that this may be an artifact of our experimental design, because our ultrasonic detectors probably recorded large bats flying above the artificial clutter.
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YUNG, V., M. FAVI, and J. FERNANDEZ. "Typing of the rabies virus in Chile, 2002–2008." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 12 (March 30, 2012): 2157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812000520.

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SUMMARYIn Chile, dog rabies has been controlled and insectivorous bats have been identified as the main rabies reservoir. This study aimed to determine the rabies virus (RABV) variants circulating in the country between 2002 and 2008. A total of 612 RABV isolates were tested using a panel with eight monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein (N-mAbs) for antigenic typing, and a product of 320-bp of the nucleoprotein gene was sequenced from 99 isolates. Typing of the isolates revealed six different antigenic variants but phylogenetic analysis identified four clusters associated with four different bat species. Tadarida brasiliensis bats were confirmed as the main reservoir. This methodology identified several independent rabies enzootics maintained by different species of insectivorous bats in Chile.
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Wakeham, N., R. P. Bogenschutz, and W. Caire. "Electrophoretic Investigation of Urinary Proteins in Insectivorous Bats." Journal of Mammalogy 69, no. 3 (August 30, 1988): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381366.

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Aldridge, H. D. J. N., and I. L. Rautenbach. "Morphology, Echolocation and Resource Partitioning in Insectivorous Bats." Journal of Animal Ecology 56, no. 3 (October 1987): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4947.

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27

Coertse, Jessica, Colyn S. Grobler, Claude T. Sabeta, Ernest C. J. Seamark, Teresa Kearney, Janusz T. Paweska, and Wanda Markotter. "Lyssaviruses in Insectivorous Bats, South Africa, 2003–2018." Emerging Infectious Diseases 26, no. 12 (December 2020): 3056–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2612.203592.

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Musila, Simon, Wiesław Bogdanowicz, Robert Syingi, Aziza Zuhura, Przemysław Chylarecki, and Jens Rydell. "No lunar phobia in insectivorous bats in Kenya." Mammalian Biology 95 (March 2019): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2019.03.002.

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Kunz, T. H., E. Bicer, W. R. Hood, M. J. Axtell, W. R. Harrington, B. A. Silvia, and E. P. Widmaier. "Plasma leptin decreases during lactation in insectivorous bats." Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology 169, no. 1 (February 23, 1999): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050194.

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30

Hubel, Tatjana Y., Nickolay I. Hristov, Sharon M. Swartz, and Kenneth S. Breuer. "Wake structure and kinematics in two insectivorous bats." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1704 (September 26, 2016): 20150385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0385.

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We compare kinematics and wake structure over a range of flight speeds (4.0–8.2 m s −1 ) for two bats that pursue insect prey aerially, Tadarida brasiliensis and Myotis velifer . Body mass and wingspan are similar in these species, but M. velifer has broader wings and lower wing loading. By using high-speed videography and particle image velocimetry of steady flight in a wind tunnel, we show that three-dimensional kinematics and wake structure are similar in the two species at the higher speeds studied, but differ at lower speeds. At lower speeds, the two species show significant differences in mean angle of attack, body–wingtip distance and sweep angle. The distinct body vortex seen at low speed in T. brasiliensis and other bats studied to date is considerably weaker or absent in M. velifer . We suggest that this could be influenced by morphology: (i) the narrower thorax in this species probably reduces the body-induced discontinuity in circulation between the two wings and (ii) the wing loading is lower, hence the lift coefficient required for weight support is lower. As a result, in M. velifer, there may be a decreased disruption in the lift generation between the body and the wing, and the strength of the characteristic root vortex is greatly diminished, both suggesting increased flight efficiency. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight’.
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Liu, Yang, Guimei He, Huihui Xu, Xiuqun Han, Gareth Jones, Stephen J. Rossiter, and Shuyi Zhang. "Adaptive Functional Diversification of Lysozyme in Insectivorous Bats." Molecular Biology and Evolution 31, no. 11 (August 18, 2014): 2829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu240.

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32

Gonsalves, Leroy, Brian Bicknell, Brad Law, Cameron Webb, and Vaughan Monamy. "Mosquito Consumption by Insectivorous Bats: Does Size Matter?" PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (October 10, 2013): e77183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077183.

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Clarin, Theresa M. A., Ireneusz Ruczyński, Rachel A. Page, and Björn M. Siemers. "Foraging Ecology Predicts Learning Performance in Insectivorous Bats." PLoS ONE 8, no. 6 (June 5, 2013): e64823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064823.

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Han, Hui-Ju, Hong-ling Wen, Li Zhao, Jian-wei Liu, Li-Mei Luo, Chuan-Min Zhou, Xiang-Rong Qin, Ye-Lei Zhu, Xue-Xing Zheng, and Xue-Jie Yu. "Novel Bartonella Species in Insectivorous Bats, Northern China." PLOS ONE 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): e0167915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167915.

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Wang, Li-Jun, Hui-Ju Han, Min Zhao, Jian-Wei Liu, Li-Mei Luo, Hong-Ling Wen, Xiang-Rong Qin, et al. "Trypanosoma dionisii in insectivorous bats from northern China." Acta Tropica 193 (May 2019): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.028.

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Acharya, Lalita. "Sex-biased predation on moths by insectivorous bats." Animal Behaviour 49, no. 6 (June 1995): 1461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)90067-5.

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Barros, Juliana Helena da Silva, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque, Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier, Kátia Cristina Silva Nascimento, Helena Keiko Toma, and Maria de Fatima Madeira. "Biological and Genetic Heterogeneity in Trypanosoma dionisii Isolates from Hematophagous and Insectivorous Bats." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090736.

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This study describes the morphological, biochemical, and molecular differences among Trypanosoma dionisii isolates from hemocultures of hematophagous (Desmodus rotundus; n = 2) and insectivorous (Lonchorhina aurita; n = 1) bats from the Atlantic Rainforest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fusiform epimastigotes from the hematophagous isolates were elongated, whereas those of the insectivorous isolate were stumpy, reflected in statistically evident differences in the cell body and flagellum lengths. In the hemocultures, a higher percentage of trypomastigote forms (60%) was observed in the hematophagous bat isolates than that in the isolate from the insectivorous bat (4%), which demonstrated globular morphology. Three molecular DNA regions were analyzed: V7V8 (18S rDNA), glycosomal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The samples were also subjected to multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. All isolates were identified as T. dionisii by phylogenetic analysis. These sequences were clustered into two separate subgroups with high bootstrap values according to the feeding habits of the bats from which the parasites were isolated. However, other T. dionisii samples from bats with different feeding habits were found in the same branch. These results support the separation of the three isolates into two subgroups, demonstrating that different subpopulations of T. dionisii circulate among bats.
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Taylor, RJ, and MG Oneill. "Summer Activity Patterns of Insectivorous Bats and Their Prey in Tasmania." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880533.

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Nightly activity patterns of seven species of bats (Eptesicus vulturnus, E. regulus, E. sagittula, Nyctophilus geoffroyi, N. timoriensis, Chalinolobus morio and FalsistreNus tasmaniensis) and their volant insect prey were studied during late spring and summer at four sites in Tasmania. Activity of bats was assessed from trapping results. Bats exhibited a biomodal pattern of foraging activity being most active in the first hours after dark, declining to low levels in the middle part of the night and rising again to a secondary peak in the three hours before dawn. These patterns of activity in bats closely reflected the patterns of insect activity. The insectivorous bats thus appear to have adjusted their nightly activities to match those of their prey, thereby maximising foraging success and energy gains.
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Lacki, Michael J., Luke E. Dodd, Nicholas S. Skowronski, Matthew B. Dickinson, and Lynne K. Rieske. "Relationships among burn severity, forest canopy structure and bat activity from spring burns in oak–hickory forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 11 (2017): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16159.

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The extent to which prescribed fires affect forest structure and habitats of vertebrate species is an important question for land managers tasked with balancing potentially conflicting objectives of vegetation and wildlife management. Many insectivorous bats forage for insect prey in forested habitats, serving as the primary predators of nocturnal forest insects, and are potentially affected by structural changes in forests resulting from prescribed fires. We compared forest-stand characteristics of temperate oak–hickory forests, as measured with airborne laser scanning (light detection and ranging, LiDAR), with categorical estimates of burn severity from prescribed fires as derived from Landsat data and field-based Composite Burn Indices, and used acoustic monitoring to quantify activity of insectivorous bats in association with varying degrees of burn severity (unburned habitat, low severity and medium severity). Forest-stand characteristics showed greatest separation between low-severity and medium-severity classes, with gap index, i.e. open-air space, increasing with degree of burn severity. Greater mid-storey density, over-storey density and proportion of vegetation in the understorey occurred in unburned habitat. Activity of bats did not differ with burn severity for high-frequency (clutter-adapted or closed-space foragers) or low-frequency (edge or open-space foragers) bats. Results indicate that differing degrees of burn severity from prescribed fires produced spatial variation in canopy structure within stands; however, bats demonstrated no shifts in activity levels to this variation in canopy structure, suggesting prescribed fire during the dormant season, used as a management practice targeting desired changes in vegetation, is compatible with sustaining foraging habitat of insectivorous bats.
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Santana, Sharlene E., and Elena Cheung. "Go big or go fish: morphological specializations in carnivorous bats." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1830 (May 11, 2016): 20160615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0615.

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Specialized carnivory is relatively uncommon across mammals, and bats constitute one of the few groups in which this diet has evolved multiple times. While size and morphological adaptations for carnivory have been identified in other taxa, it is unclear what phenotypic traits characterize the relatively recent evolution of carnivory in bats. To address this gap, we apply geometric morphometric and phylogenetic comparative analyses to elucidate which characters are associated with ecological divergence of carnivorous bats from insectivorous ancestors, and if there is morphological convergence among independent origins of carnivory within bats, and with other carnivorous mammals. We find that carnivorous bats are larger and converged to occupy a subset of the insectivorous morphospace, characterized by skull shapes that enhance bite force at relatively wide gapes. Piscivorous bats are morphologically distinct, with cranial shapes that enable high bite force at narrow gapes, which is necessary for processing fish prey. All animal-eating species exhibit positive allometry in rostrum elongation with respect to skull size, which could allow larger bats to take relatively larger prey. The skull shapes of carnivorous bats share similarities with generalized carnivorans, but tend to be more suited for increased bite force production at the expense of gape, when compared with specialized carnivorans.
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41

Bullen, R. D., N. L. McKenzie, K. E. Bullen, and M. R. Williams. "Bat heart mass: correlation with foraging niche and roost preference." Australian Journal of Zoology 57, no. 6 (2009): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09053.

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We found that the spirit-preserved hearts of 34 species of Australian bat, representing 6 families, weighed from 0.3 to 0.65% of bat mass (mbat), a variation factor of two. The average mass of the heart specimens of the 34 species was 0.501% of bat mass and this did not vary with bat mass. This value was much lower than the average of the available published data, 0.991%. Insectivorous bats that forage or fly in and near three-dimensional clutter have heart mass fractions ~0.04% larger than average, whereas insectivorous bats that forage around and above the canopy in clear air have fractions ~0.16% smaller than average. Insectivorous bats that are obligate deep-cave roosters have significantly smaller fractions, 0.18% smaller than average, whereas those that hover have fractions ~0.08% larger than average. Available published data, although based on freshly sacrificed animals, show the same trends in relation to heart mass fraction and the same scatter and body-mass relationships. However, the magnitude of the fractions differs by a factor of two and may relate to our removal of all tissue except the musculature and walls of the four cardiac chambers.
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42

Speakman, John R., and Angela Rowland. "Preparing for inactivity: How insectivorous bats deposit a fat store for hibernation." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 1 (February 1999): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19990017.

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During late autumn insectivorous bats must deposit a fat store to cover their energy demands throughout the period of hibernation, yet the density of aerial insects by this time has already declined from its peak in midsummer. Krzanowski (1961) suggested that bats are able to deposit a fat store by manipulating their energy expenditure; specifically by selecting cold roosting locations rather than warm roosts, and depressing their body temperatures during the day roosting period. It was hypothesized that these behavioural changes result in very low daily energy demands, and despite reduced food intake the animals are still able to gain body fat. We made several tests of this hypodiesis. First, we explored the thermo-selection behaviour of long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus) in the summer and in the pre-hibernal period. We found that in summer bats preferred temperatures of about 32–35° (about thermoneutral), but in the pre-hibernal period they preferred much colder temperatures of about 10°. Second, using open-flow respirometry we found that in the cold pre-hibernal bats entered torpor for an average of 14 h each day. Compared with bats held at 30° (that did not go torpid), the bats at 7° expended less energy. The extent of saving was sufficient to positively affect their mass balance, despite the fact that bats at lower temperature also had reduced digestive efficiencies. Our findings support the hypothesis that during the pre-hibernal period insectivorous bats manipulate their mass balance primarily by alterations in their energy expenditure, specifically utilizing energy-sparing mechanisms such as torpor.
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43

Vásquez, Diana A., Audrey A. Grez, and Annia Rodríguez-San Pedro. "Species-specific effects of moonlight on insectivorous bat activity in central Chile." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (August 21, 2020): 1356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa095.

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Abstract Moonlight intensity influences the activity patterns of bats. Some bat species reduce their activity levels during brighter nights, a phenomenon known as “lunar phobia.” While lunar phobia of bats has been extensively studied in tropical regions, the same is not the case of bats in temperate regions. By using acoustic detectors, we examined differences in the activity of insectivorous bats on nights with different moonlight intensity in an agricultural landscape of central Chile. We also examined the hourly activity patterns throughout the night and how these varied between full and new moon nights. All bat species modified their activity based on the moonlight intensity; however, their effects were species-specific. The activity of Lasiurus varius, L. villosissimus, Myotis chiloensis, and Histiotus montanus was lower during bright nights, while Tadarida brasiliensis was the only species whose activity was higher during bright nights. Hourly activity throughout the night differed between full moon nights and new moon nights in most bat species. During full moon, bats concentrated their activities in the early hours of the nights; a more homogeneous activity pattern was exhibited during new moon night. Our study demonstrates that moonlight affects the activity of bats in Chile, a factor that should be considered when studying bats.
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Sun, Hongchao, Yiyin Wang, Yingguang Zhang, Wei Ge, Fuqiang Zhang, Biao He, Zuosheng Li, et al. "Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Bats in Myanmar." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 11 (March 29, 2013): 3526–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00410-13.

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ABSTRACTWe detectedToxoplasma gondiiin 29.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.5% to 33.1%) of 550 insectivorous bats collected in Myanmar. The genotyping of these positive samples revealed they were closely related to or belong to clonal type I, which is highly virulent in mice, showing that these bats are potential reservoirs forT. gondiitransmission.
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Orive, Gorka, and Unax Lertxundi. "Virus, bats and drugs." Reviews on Environmental Health 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2020-0083.

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AbstractApart from SARS-Co-V-2 coronavirus, bats also host many highly virulent zoonotic pathogens. A matter of rising concern is the detrimental impact of pharmaceuticals in the environment, as they can have major impact at low concentrations. Insectivorous bats are among the wildlife animals likely to be exposed due to the bioaccumulation through the food web. Bat’s behaviour might be deeply affected by human psychoactive drugs. Current massive antiviral use activity will increase environmental concentrations of these pharmaceuticals, for whose potential eco-toxicological consequences are scarce. We need to study the complex interrelation between people, bats, drugs, viruses, and their shared environment.
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Gonsalves, Leroy, Susan Lamb, Cameron Webb, Bradley Law, and Vaughan Monamy. "Do mosquitoes influence bat activity in coastal habitats?" Wildlife Research 40, no. 1 (2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12148.

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Context Conservation of insectivorous bat populations requires appropriate management of foraging habitats and the prey resources they sustain. Endangered coastal saltmarsh communities support a diverse range of aquatic and terrestrial arthropods, including the saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes vigilax Skuse), an important vector of mosquito-borne viruses and a potentially important prey resource for insectivorous bats. Prey detectability by bats is considered to be limited with low-frequency echolocation, particularly in cluttered habitats, that may render abundant Ae. vigilax populations unavailable to some bat species. Aims To investigate relationships between availability of Ae. vigilax and non-mosquito prey, and the activity of foraging insectivorous bats in a range of coastal habitats. Methods We measured nightly bat activity and the abundance of prey (mosquito and non-mosquito) concurrently during neap and spring tides in saltmarsh, urban and forest habitats. Comparisons were made between tidal cycle and habitats, and relationships between bat activity and the abundance of prey were examined. Key results Whereas prey abundances were generally greatest in saltmarsh and forest habitats, bat activity was greatest in the forest habitat. However, proportional feeding activity was greatest in saltmarsh. Prey abundance was positively correlated with total bat activity only in the open saltmarsh, where an absence of clutter would maximise prey detectability and thus availability. Positive correlations between Ae. vigilax abundance and bat activity, across all habitats, were restricted to bats of the Vespadelus genus, which are small-sized bats that employ high-frequency echolocation suitable for detection of small prey along edges. Conclusions These findings suggest that Ae. vigilax may be an important prey resource for small, high-frequency echolocating bats capable of discerning small prey within cluttered forest as well as exploiting abundant prey in the open saltmarsh. Implications Small, high-frequency echolocating bats should be the focus of future studies investigating the importance of small prey, such as Ae. vigilax, to the diets of foraging bats.
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Karuntu, Jason Thomas, and Annawaty. "EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN JARING KABUT DALAM KOLEKSI CHIROPTERA (MEGACHIROPTERA DAN MICROCHIROPTERA)." Biocelebes 14, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/bioceb.v14i3.15421.

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The use of traps is very important in the process of sampling bats in the field. The mist net is a type of traps that commonly used to catch bats for research purposes. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using mist nets in bats sampling. Sampling site located in the Lindu Plain, District of Sigi, Central Sulawesi. Bats were sampled by mist nets using purposive sampling method, at four different types of habitat. The result of this study indicated that mist net is effective in catching fruit-eating bats (Megachiroptera), but is not effective in capturing insectivorous bats (Microchiroptera).
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Markotter, Wanda, Ara Monadjem, and Louis H. Nel. "Antibodies against Duvenhage Virus in Insectivorous Bats in Swaziland." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49, no. 4 (October 2013): 1000–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/2012-10-257.

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Peng, Xingwen, Xiangyang He, Yunxiao Sun, Jie Liang, Huanwang Xie, Junhua Wang, and Libiao Zhang. "Difference in glucose tolerance between phytophagous and insectivorous bats." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 189, no. 6 (November 5, 2019): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-019-01242-8.

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Karlsson, Britt-Louise, Johan Eklöf, and Jens Rydell. "No lunar phobia in swarming insectivorous bats (family Vespertilionidae)." Journal of Zoology 256, no. 4 (February 28, 2006): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952836902000511.

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