Relevant bibliographies by topics / Insecticide toxicology

Academic literature on the topic 'Insecticide toxicology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Insecticide toxicology"

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Nauen, Ralf, Chris Bass, René Feyereisen, and John Vontas. "The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance." Annual Review of Entomology 67, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328.

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Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that is the topic of this review. Recent advances in insect genomics and postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the evolution of insect P450s and their role in insect toxicology. These approaches have also been harnessed to provide new insights into the genomic alterations that lead to insecticide resistance, the mechanisms by which P450s are regulated, and the functional determinants of P450-mediated insecticide resistance. In parallel, an emerging body of work on the role of P450s in defining the sensitivity of beneficial insects to insecticides has been developed. The knowledge gained from these studies has applications for the management of P450-mediated resistance in insect pests and can be leveraged to safeguard the health of important beneficial insects.
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Sun, Chengxian, Shunjia Li, Kai Wang, Hongqiang Feng, Caihong Tian, Xiaoguang Liu, Xiang Li, et al. "Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda." Toxins 14, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100721.

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The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, causes substantial annual agricultural production losses worldwide due to its resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, new insecticides are urgently needed to more effectively control FAW. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a secondary metabolite of fungi; little is known about its insecticidal activity, especially for the control of FAW. In this study, we demonstrate that CsA shows excellent insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9.69 μg/g) against FAW through significant suppression of calcineurin (CaN) activity, which is a new target for pest control. Combinations of CsA and indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, or Vip3Aa showed independent or synergistic toxicity against FAW; however, the combination of CsA and chlorantraniliprole showed no toxicity. Sublethal doses of CsA led to decreases in FAW larval and pupal weight, pupation, emergence, mating rates, adult longevity, extended development of FAW larvae and pupae and the pre-oviposition period of adults, and increases in the proportion of pupal malformation. Importantly, CsA treatment reduced FAW ovarian size and female fecundity, which suggests that it has great potential to suppress FAW colony formation. Taken together, these results indicate that CsA has high potential as an insecticide for controlling FAW.
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Vatandoost, Hassan, Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd, Fatemeh Nikpoor, Ahmad Raeisi, Mohammad Reza Abai, and Morteza Zaim. "Situation of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the World Health Organization of Eastern Mediterranean region 1990–2020." Toxicology Research 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab126.

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Abstract Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease, which is transmitted by Anopheles species. According to the recent report of World Health Organization, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases in 2019 in 87 malaria endemic countries. There are several vector control method specially using pesticides. The aim of this study was to collect all the data about insecticide resistant of malaria vectors in the Eastern Mediterranean region countries. In this study, all the published papers related to insecticide resistance of malaria vectors in the region were collected and resistant status of vectors in the countries was mapped. Resistance to different insecticide classes such as pyrethroids, organophosphate, organochlorine and carbamates were evaluated using World Health Organization guidelines. Results showed a wide variety of susceptibility/resistance status to these chemicals according to the location, historical context of pesticide used, genetic background of vectors, age and abdominal conditions of adults may play a role in the susceptibility status of these species to different insecticides. The results of this study is providing a guideline for countries to manage their vector control activities against insecticide resistance of malaria vectors and provide novel approaches such as male sterility, using Wolbachia, using new insecticide with new mode of action.
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He, Xuan, Lidan Lu, Ping Huang, Bo Yu, Lianxin Peng, Liang Zou, and Yuanhang Ren. "Insect Cell-Based Models: Cell Line Establishment and Application in Insecticide Screening and Toxicology Research." Insects 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14020104.

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During the past decades, research on insect cell culture has grown tremendously. Thousands of lines have been established from different species of insect orders, originating from several tissue sources. These cell lines have often been employed in insect science research. In particular, they have played important roles in pest management, where they have been used as tools to evaluate the activity and explore the toxic mechanisms of insecticide candidate compounds. This review intends to first briefly summarize the progression of insect cell line establishment. Then, several recent studies based on insect cell lines coupled with advanced technologies are introduced. These investigations revealed that insect cell lines can be exploited as novel models with unique advantages such as increased efficiency and reduced cost compared with traditional insecticide research. Most notably, the insect cell line-based models provide a global and in-depth perspective to study the toxicology mechanisms of insecticides. However, challenges and limitations still exist, especially in the connection between in vitro activity and in vivo effectiveness. Despite all this, recent advances have suggested that insect cell line-based models promote the progress and sensible application of insecticides, which benefits pest management.
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Wang, Xu, María Aránzazu Martínez, Qinghua Wu, Irma Ares, María Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga, Arturo Anadón, and Zonghui Yuan. "Fipronil insecticide toxicology: oxidative stress and metabolism." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 46, no. 10 (September 19, 2016): 876–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408444.2016.1223014.

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Tomizawa, Motohiro, and John E. Casida. "NEONICOTINOID INSECTICIDE TOXICOLOGY: Mechanisms of Selective Action." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 45, no. 1 (September 22, 2005): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095930.

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The neonicotinoids, the newest major class of insecticides, have outstanding potency and systemic action for crop protection against piercing-sucking pests, and they are highly effective for flea control on cats and dogs. Their common names are acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. They generally have low toxicity to mammals (acute and chronic), birds, and fish. Biotransformations involve some activation reactions but largely detoxification mechanisms. In contrast to nicotine, epibatidine, and other ammonium or iminium nicotinoids, which are mostly protonated at physiological pH, the neonicotinoids are not protonated and have an electronegative nitro or cyano pharmacophore. Agonist recognition by the nicotinic receptor involves cation-π interaction for nicotinoids in mammals and possibly a cationic subsite for interaction with the nitro or cyano substituent of neonicotinoids in insects. The low affinity of neonicotinoids for vertebrate relative to insect nicotinic receptors is a major factor in their favorable toxicological profile.
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Eddleston, Michael. "Novel Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology of Organophosphorus Insecticide Self-Poisoning." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 59, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021842.

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Organophosphorus insecticide self-poisoning is a major global health problem, killing over 100,000 people annually. It is a complex multi-organ condition, involving the inhibition of cholinesterases, and perhaps other enzymes, and the effects of large doses of ingested solvents. Variability between organophosphorus insecticides—in lipophilicity, speed of activation, speed and potency of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and in the chemical groups attached to the phosphorus—results in variable speed of poisoning onset, severity, clinical toxidrome, and case fatality. Current treatment is modestly effective, aiming only to reactivate acetylcholinesterase and counter the effects of excess acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Rapid titration of atropine during resuscitation is lifesaving and can be performed in the absence of oxygen. The role of oximes in therapy remains unclear. Novel antidotes have been tested in small trials, but the great variability in poisoning makes interpretation of such trials difficult. More effort is required to test treatments in adequately powered studies.
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Mebs, D. "Insecticide Microbiology." Toxicon 24, no. 10 (January 1986): 1025–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(86)90018-8.

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Heep, John, Marisa Skaljac, Jens Grotmann, Tobias Kessel, Maximilian Seip, Henrike Schmidtberg, and Andreas Vilcinskas. "Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Insecticidal Decapeptide from the Myrmicine Ant Manica rubida." Toxins 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100562.

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Ant venoms contain many small, linear peptides, an untapped source of bioactive peptide toxins. The control of agricultural insect pests currently depends primarily on chemical insecticides, but their intensive use damages the environment and human health, and encourages the emergence of resistant pest populations. This has promoted interest in animal venoms as a source of alternative, environmentally-friendly bio-insecticides. We tested the crude venom of the predatory ant, Manica rubida, and observed severe fitness costs in the parthenogenetic pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), a common agricultural pest. Therefore, we explored the M. rubida venom peptidome and identified a novel decapeptide U-MYRTX-MANr1 (NH2-IDPKVLESLV-CONH2) using a combination of Edman degradation and de novo peptide sequencing. Although this myrmicitoxin was inactive against bacteria and fungi, it reduced aphid survival and reproduction. Furthermore, both crude venom and U-MYRTX-MANr1 reversibly paralyzed injected aphids and induced a loss of body fluids. Components of M. rubida venom may act on various biological targets including ion channels and hemolymph coagulation proteins, as previously shown for other ant venom toxins. The remarkable insecticidal activity of M. rubida venom suggests it may be a promising source of additional bio-insecticide leads.
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Vlasova, О., M. Sekun, and M. Zatserkliana. "Toxicology of insecticides — theory, implemented in practice." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 67 (December 20, 2021): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2021.67.98-114.

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Goal. Ecological and toxicological substantiation of improving the chemical protection of agricultural crops and perennial plantations from harmful arthropods based on the updated assortment of insectoacaricides, the properties of chemicals and the characteristics of harmful insect and mite species in the technology of growing strategic crops. Methods. The sensitivity of phytophages was investigated on natural populations collectedё on crops of certain crops and determined by various methods of poisoning adopted in toxicology. The coefficient of selectivity of the insecticide in the phytophage — entomophage system was calculated by the ratio CK50 , % a.v. for phytophage to SC50 , % a.v. for an entomophage. The effect of urea on the properties of working solutions of chemical and microbiological preparations was studied in their mixture using special techniques. Results. Studies have shown different susceptibility of natural arthropod populations to modern insecticides, which have different selective effects on entomophages. The selectivity factor ranged from 15 to 560. Improved anti-resistance system to protect crops from harmful arthropods. The information on the possibilities of joint application of insecticides of different nature with Urea in a single technological process is generalized, which leads to a significant reduction in the evaporation of drops of solution from the treated surface. Conclusions. Expansion of the range of pesticides, especially those with a different mechanism of toxic action, makes it possible to prevent or slow down the development of resistance in arthropods to insecticides. An improved anti-resistance system for protecting agricultural crops from harmful arthropods provides a decrease in the toxic load on the agrocenosis and a reversal of resistance to the initial parameters. Urea is an active anti-evaporation agent for working solutions of insecticides of various nature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Insecticide toxicology"

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Mills, Nathan E. "Direct and indirect effects of an insecticide on Rana sphenocephala tadpoles /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052201.

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Siu, Ka-yan Sky. "DDT as a malarial vector control method and its potential risks to human reproductive health and neonatal development." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3847864X.

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Rotundo, Maurício [UNESP]. "Exposição dérmica de trabalhadores a resíduos de deltametrina presentes nas plantas, na reentrada na lavoura de algodão após pulverização." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98868.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rotundo_m_me_ilha.pdf: 850611 bytes, checksum: 1909101afb4dae7d59c34fa46384f158 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A exposição dérmica de amostradores foi avaliada na reentrada em lavoura de algodão após pulverização com o inseticida deltametrina. Aos 3 minutos após a aplicação quatro pessoas vestiram um conjunto de roupas (calça, camisa e luvas), entrando e permanecendo na área tratada por 30 minutos, simulando uma amostragem de pragas. O procedimento foi repetido aos 60 e 300 minutos e aos 1, 3, e 7 dias após a aplicação. Partes do tecido, correspondentes ao local de contato com várias partes do corpo, foram recortadas e analisadas quanto à quantidade de resíduos presentes. O inseticida foi extraído das roupas com acetato de etila e a determinação quantitativa foi feita por cromatografia gasosa. As exposições foram extrapoladas para uma jornada de trabalho de oito horas. Para classificar a segurança das condições de trabalho foram estimadas a margem de segurança (MS), dose tóxica (%DT/dia), dose tolerável dérmica e o tempo de trabalho seguro. O conjunto correspondente aos antebraços/braços/mãos concentrou 61,27% dos resíduos presentes na roupa. Partes correspondentes ao peitoral, pernas, coxas e costas alcançaram 13,40; 9,33; 9,32; e 6,65% dos resíduos totais encontrados nas roupas, respectivamente. Pela análise dos dados constatou-se que o intervalo de reentrada estabelecido para o produto comercial Decis 25 CE (deltametrina) que é de 24 h está superestimado.
The objective of this work was to study the dermal exposure of workers to residues of the deltamethrin, applied in cotton. After 3 minutes of application four people dressed a group with cotton clothes (pant, shirt and gloves), entered and stayed in the treated area by 30 minutes, simulating a sampling. The procedure was repeated after 60 and 300 minutes and 1, 3, and 7 days of the application. The clothes were cut and put in plastic bags, and stored cold at -18º until analyses was performed. The analytical method consisted on the extraction of deltamethrin residues with a ethyl acetate and the quantitative determination was done by gas chromatograph. Exposure was extrapolated to a work day of 8 hours. To evaluate safety's conditions at work was estimated the Working Condition Unsafe (margin of safety - MOS <1), Poisonous Dose (%PD/day), Dermal Dose Tolerable and the estimate of Safe Work Duration (SWD). The corresponding group for the forearms/arms/hands concentrated 61.27% of present residues in the clothes. The residues found on the clothes, chest, legs, lame and back, were 13.40, 9.33, 9.32, and 6.65%, respectively. Results of deltamethrins amounts trapped on cotton clothes showed that 24h as a reentry interval for Decis 25 EC is overestimated.
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Siu, Ka-yan Sky, and 蕭加欣. "DDT as a malarial vector control method and its potential risks to human reproductive health and neonatal development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3972458X.

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Chu, Wing Kei. "Accumulation and transformation of DDT and PCBs by Phragmites australis and Oryza sativa L." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/530.

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Rotundo, Maurício. "Exposição dérmica de trabalhadores a resíduos de deltametrina presentes nas plantas, na reentrada na lavoura de algodão após pulverização /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98868.

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Orientador: Geraldo Papa
Banca: Sérgio Luis de Carvalho
Banca: Luiz Roberto Pimentel Trevizan
Resumo: A exposição dérmica de amostradores foi avaliada na reentrada em lavoura de algodão após pulverização com o inseticida deltametrina. Aos 3 minutos após a aplicação quatro pessoas vestiram um conjunto de roupas (calça, camisa e luvas), entrando e permanecendo na área tratada por 30 minutos, simulando uma amostragem de pragas. O procedimento foi repetido aos 60 e 300 minutos e aos 1, 3, e 7 dias após a aplicação. Partes do tecido, correspondentes ao local de contato com várias partes do corpo, foram recortadas e analisadas quanto à quantidade de resíduos presentes. O inseticida foi extraído das roupas com acetato de etila e a determinação quantitativa foi feita por cromatografia gasosa. As exposições foram extrapoladas para uma jornada de trabalho de oito horas. Para classificar a segurança das condições de trabalho foram estimadas a margem de segurança (MS), dose tóxica (%DT/dia), dose tolerável dérmica e o tempo de trabalho seguro. O conjunto correspondente aos antebraços/braços/mãos concentrou 61,27% dos resíduos presentes na roupa. Partes correspondentes ao peitoral, pernas, coxas e costas alcançaram 13,40; 9,33; 9,32; e 6,65% dos resíduos totais encontrados nas roupas, respectivamente. Pela análise dos dados constatou-se que o intervalo de reentrada estabelecido para o produto comercial Decis 25 CE (deltametrina) que é de 24 h está superestimado.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the dermal exposure of workers to residues of the deltamethrin, applied in cotton. After 3 minutes of application four people dressed a group with cotton clothes (pant, shirt and gloves), entered and stayed in the treated area by 30 minutes, simulating a sampling. The procedure was repeated after 60 and 300 minutes and 1, 3, and 7 days of the application. The clothes were cut and put in plastic bags, and stored cold at -18º until analyses was performed. The analytical method consisted on the extraction of deltamethrin residues with a ethyl acetate and the quantitative determination was done by gas chromatograph. Exposure was extrapolated to a work day of 8 hours. To evaluate safety's conditions at work was estimated the Working Condition Unsafe (margin of safety - MOS <1), Poisonous Dose (%PD/day), Dermal Dose Tolerable and the estimate of Safe Work Duration (SWD). The corresponding group for the forearms/arms/hands concentrated 61.27% of present residues in the clothes. The residues found on the clothes, chest, legs, lame and back, were 13.40, 9.33, 9.32, and 6.65%, respectively. Results of deltamethrins amounts trapped on cotton clothes showed that 24h as a reentry interval for Decis 25 EC is overestimated.
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Kharel, Kabita. "Evaluation of pyrethrin aerosol insecticide as an alternative to methyl bromide for pest control in flour mills." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16006.

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Master of Science
Department of Entomology
Frank H. Arthur
Kun Yan Zhu
Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of direct and indirect exposure scenarios, different degrees of residual flour, open and obstructed positions, and seasonal temperature variations on the efficacy of synergized pyrethrin against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. To evaluate effects of direct and indirect exposures of T. castaneum and T. confusum eggs, larvae, pupae, or eggs to the insecticide aerosol within a flour mill, the following treatments were made to each life stage: insects treated with aerosol and transferred to treated or untreated flour, untreated insects transferred to treated flour, and insects and flour combined and treated together. Different degrees of harborage or sanitation levels were created by exposing T. confusum larvae, pupae, and adults to pyrethrin aerosol in Petri dishes containing 0, 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 g of wheat flour. Effects of pyrethrin dispersal in open and obstructed positions and seasonal temperature variations were assessed by exposing T. confusum pupae and adults in open positions and inside wooden boxes (1 m long, 20 cm wide, and 5, 10, or 20 cm high) inside experimental sheds maintained at target temperatures of 22, 27, and 32 °C. Results showed that when T. castaneum and T. confusum were directly exposed to aerosol without the flour source, or with a low amount of flour at open exposed areas, the aerosol provided good control against all life stages of T. castaneum and T. confusum. However, when insects were indirectly exposed (treated together with flour or untreated insects were transferred to treated flour), or treated together with deeper flour amounts, and exposed inside the boxes, the efficacy was greatly reduced. Eggs and pupae of both the species were more susceptible compared to larvae and adults. Additionally, the moribund adults initially observed in indirect exposure treatments, or at the deeper flour depth and exposure positions insides the boxes, were better able to recover. Generally, temperatures in the range of 22-32 °C had no significant effects on overall efficacy of pyrethrin aerosol.
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Chan, Kit Yan. "Dietary exposure, human body loadings, and health risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants at two major electronic waste recycling sites in China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/943.

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Ludington, Timothy Shane Ludington. "The degree of impairment of foraging in crayfish (Orconectes virilis) due to insecticide exposure is dependent upon turbulence dispersion." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1466173210.

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Corcellas, i. Carramiñana Cayo-Eduard. "Estudi dels insecticides Piretroides en mostres biològiques i humanes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462848.

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Aquesta tesi pretén donar una visió general del comportament dels piretroides en el medi ambient i, concretament en la biota salvatge. A més, com a conseqüència directa d’això, també avalua l’exposició humana a aquests insecticides. Els piretroides són uns insecticides emprats molt comunament. El seu ús abasta des d’usos agraris i ramaders fins a domèstics. També s’han emprat sovint en control de plagues i Salut Pública, com ara amb el control de mosquits vectors de malalties com la malària o el dengue. Per últim, l’ús dels piretroides sobre els humans tampoc no és estrany, ja que les fórmules més habituals de locions anti- polls i contra la sarna, entre d’altres, contenen piretroides com a principis actius. Aquests insecticides són sintètics o semi-sintètics. Deriven d’uns extractes naturals de flors de diferents espècies de Chrisantemum. Aquests extractes contenen piretrines que són ésters de l’àcid crisantèmic. Els piretroides, són, també, ésters d’aquest àcid que solen estar funcionalitzats. Segons si contenen un grup ciano en la posició alfa’ de l’àcid, es distingeixen els piretroides tipus I (que no contenen el grup ciano) i els de tipus II (que sí que el tenen). Aquestes molècules, són molècules amb 2 o 3 centres quirals, raó per la qual la isomeria d’aquests també és un tema important a tractar. Durant la tesi es va desenvolupar un mètode de determinació enantioselectiu per a 6 piretroides. Fins al inici de la tesi cap mètode quiral de la bibliografia era capaç de separar tots els enantiòmers d’un piretroide. El mètode desenvolupat demostrà l’eficàcia en separar els 4 isòmers de la tetrametrina. Per contra, amb la resta de piretroides del mètode (bifentrina, ciflutrina, cihalotrina, cipermetrina i peremetrina) només els isòmers cis es podien separar enantiomèricament, mentre que els trans no es podien discriminar. A més d’aquesta metodologia, es millorà la metodologia preexistent de quantificació de piretroides, la qual fou capaç, al final de la tesi, de determinar 19 piretroides i un pesticida organofosforat (clorpirifós) en una sola anàlisi. Un cop es tenia metodologia adequada, es mostrejar fauna salvatge. Es dividí el tipus de fauna segons el medi que habiten les espècies, a saber, medi terrestre i medi aquàtic. Les espècies de medi terrestre que es van incloure en el estudi foren aus i grans mamífers de l’Antàrtida. De les aus es mostrejaren ous. Concretament, s’analitzaren ous infèrtils d’aus del Parc Natural de Doñana. El 96% de les mostres donaren positiu a la presència de piretroides. A més de l’anàlisi de piretroides s’analitzaren els delta15N i el delta14C, amb la finalitat de comprovar si els piretroides eren biomagnificables en la xarxa tròfica. Tot i que els resultats de isòtops estables no foren concloents, tot semblà indicar que l’exposició als piretroides venia donada per la dieta, tot i que no es biomagnificaven. En mostres de mamífers de l’Antàrtic no es trobaren nivells de piretroides detectables, la qual cosa indicà que aquests insecticides no es transporten llargues distàncies. Del medí aquàtic s’analitzaren peixos de riu i dofins. El 100% de les mostres presentà nivells quantificables de piretroides. Els peixos mostraren que l’exposició de piretroides ha d’estar relacionada amb quelcom més que no pas el medi físic ja que individus del mateix punt de presa de mostra presentaven perfils de piretroides diferents, és a dir, que la proporció d’un piretroide respecte d’un altre era diferent segon el individu analitzat. Això podia venir donat a una metabolització selectiva d’uns piretroides o a que l’exposició fos via dieta i els animals, que pertanyien a espècies diferents, tinguessin diferents hàbits alimenticis. Pel que fa a dofins, es va trobar que tant dofins brasilers com espanyols presentaven nivells de piretroides tot i que els primers solien presentar més nivells de cipermetrina i permetrina mentre que els segons de cipermetrina i tetrametrina. També es va demostrar la transferència materna com un possible problema toxicològic per als fetus i els lactants. Finalment, es va comprovar la distribució dels piretroides en diferents teixits i es va arribar a la conclusió que el teixit adipós és on més piretroides s’acumulen, tot i que, segurament gràcies a la unió amb diferents proteïnes, en teixits magres també s’hi trobaven nivells. Amb això es preferí per a mostrejos posteriors el fetge com a matriu a analitzar o, en cas de individus vius, el teixit adipós superficial. Respecte dels humans, es comprovà que la població general està exposada als piretroides a nivells relativament baixos. Els estudis es van fer en poblacions de Brasil, Colòmbia i Barcelona. Amb tot, donats els resultats, s’optà per aconsellar un millor control dels nivells de piretroides en llets maternes, sobretot de poblacions sobre-exposades, i una revisió dels valors de ingesta acceptables de piretroide en el cas de infants i lactants.
The present Thesis is about pyrethroid insecticides. They are very used in agrarian, veterinarian and domestic environments. Besides, they are used in Public Health in order to control mosquito vectors of diseases such as malaria and dengue. They are chiral molecules, thus isomeric characteristics are important in their environmental behavior and toxicology. In this thesis, a new method for enantiomeric discrimination of 6 pyrethroids was developed. For the first time a method was able to separate all enantiomers of one pyrethorid, in this case, tetramethrin. Besides, the method was able to differentiate cis enantiomers of bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and permethrin. Pyrethorids were evaluated in unfertile wild bird egg samples, Antarctic mammals, river fishes and dolphins. In 96% of bird eggs residues of pyrethroids were observed. In 100% of all the rest of matrices presented quantifiable levels of pyrethroids except for Antarctic mammal samples. First way of exposure to pyrethroids for these wild species seemed to be diet. However, no biomagnification was described. Long distance transport was discarded since Antarctic samples did not present levels of pyrethrids. Pyrethroids were mostly accumulated in lipid tissues, such as dolphin blubber. The best matrix to future monitoring was described as liver samples, even when for living individuals, superficial blubber sample could be used. Cis isomer of pyrethroids were more bioaccumulated than trans, except in the case of tetramethrin. In this last case, commercial mixtures, which are enhanced in trans isomer, could explain this observation. For the rest of pyrethroids, cis isomer was enhanced because of the preference of trans isomer in the isomer-selective metabolization of most of organisms. Regarding human exposure, breast milk samples from Brazil, Colombia and Spain were analyzed. All samples were positive in the pyrethroid determination analyses. Even when levels in general population seemed to be save, Acceptable Daily Intake values should be reconsidered for breastfed children.
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Books on the topic "Insecticide toxicology"

1

Regupathy, A. Statistics work book for insecticide toxicology. Coimbatore, India: Suriya Desk Top Publishers, 1990.

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1929-, Casida John E., Quistad Gary Bennet, and International Symposium on "Pyrethrum Flowers: Production, Chemistry, Toxicology and Uses (1992 : Honolulu, Hawaii), eds. Pyrethrum flowers: Production, chemistry, toxicology, and uses. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Jonsson, Curt-Johan. Activation and toxicity of adrenocorticolytic DDT-metabolites in mammals and birds. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1993.

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Tan, Keng-Hong, and K. L. Heong. Research methods in toxicology and insecticide resistance monitoring of rice planthoppers. 2nd ed. Metro Manila, Philippines: IRRI, 2013.

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Heong, K. L. Research methods in toxicology and insecticide resistance monitoring of rice planthoppers. Metro Manila, Philippines: IRRI, 2011.

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Rinella, Joseph F. Persistence of the DDT pesticide inthe Yakima River Basin, Washington. (Reston, VA): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Rinella, Joseph F. Persistence of the DDT pesticide in the Yakima River Basin, Washington. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Canada. Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch. DDT: Scientific justification. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1997.

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R, Clark Donald. Dicofol (Kelthane) as an environmental contaminant: A review. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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Matsumura, Fumio. Toxicology of insecticides. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Insecticide toxicology"

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Matsumura, Fumio. "General Principles of Insecticide Toxicology." In Toxicology of Insecticides, 11–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2491-1_2.

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Vale, J. Allister, and Sally M. Bradberry. "Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticide." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1829–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_52.

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Matsumura, Fumio. "Environmental Alteration of Insecticide Residues." In Toxicology of Insecticides, 405–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2491-1_9.

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Matsumura, Fumio. "Dynamics of Insecticide Movement in the Animal Body." In Toxicology of Insecticides, 347–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2491-1_7.

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Nagy, K., M. Bedö, M. Antal, J. Szépvölgyi, and Á. J. N. Zsinka. "Toxicity Study of Insecticide Ekalux 25 EC in Rats." In Archives of Toxicology, 294. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69928-3_50.

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Wiktelius, Staffan, and Clive A. Edwards. "Organochlorine Insecticide Residues in African Fauna: 1971–1995." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1958-3_1.

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Knaak, James B., Curtis C. Dary, Xiaofei Zhang, Robert W. Gerlach, R. Tornero-Velez, Daniel T. Chang, Rocky Goldsmith, and Jerry N. Blancato. "Parameters for Pyrethroid Insecticide QSAR and PBPK/PD Models for Human Risk Assessment." In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1–114. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3281-4_1.

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Fan, Yongmei, Chengbin Xu, and Weiguo Miao. "DNA Damage in Liver Cells of the Tilapia Fish Oreochromis mossambicus Larva Induced by the Insecticide Cyantraniliprole at Sublethal Doses During Chronic Exposure." In Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics, 203–14. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1514-0_14.

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Perry, A. S., I. Yamamoto, I. Ishaaya, and R. Perry. "Toxicology of Insecticides." In Insecticides in Agriculture and Environment, 11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03656-3_4.

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Volmer, Petra A. "Insecticides." In Small Animal Toxicology Essentials, 127–36. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785591.ch18.

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