Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Insecticidal Activities'
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Alfaro, Inocente Edna Ariel. "Insecticidal and antifeedant activities of Malagasy medicinal plant (Cinnamosma sp.) extracts and drimane-type sesquiterpenes against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586449408494604.
Full textDorla, Emmanuelle. "Étude phytochimique et propriétés bioactives de Peperomia borbonensis (Miq.) Piperaceae." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0027.
Full textThe emergence of resistant strains in infectious diseases is a major public health issue. Similarly, arthropods which caused important economic damages in tropical and subtropical areas are continuously developing resistance to chemicals. To counteract this situation, it is essential to find new bioactive molecules able to fight pests and micro-organisms. In this context a preliminary screening was performed on twenty endemic plants and native of Reunion. Twenty-six ethyl acetate extracts were tested for their antibacterial and acaricidal activities. Considering its broad spectrum of activity, Peperomia borbonensis Miq. (Piperaceae), was selected for further chemical and biological investigations. Two bio-guided fractionations were performed on its apolar extract and let to the isolation of fourteen molecules. Moreover, the study of the volatile fraction has shown the insecticidal potential of the leaf essential oil of P. borbonensis against the melon fly B. cucurbitae
Basukriadi, Adi. "Biological activities of seed of the yam bean, Pachyrrhizue erosus (L.) urban, on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238821.
Full textDavis, Kimberly Ann. "An investigation of paraoxonase-1 (PON1₁₉₂ ) activities in the serum of southerners as related to gender and race." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04042008-151226.
Full textMerelli, Bérangère. "Proinsecticides chiraux d'acides carboxyliques et de β-ethanolamines : effet de la chiralité sur la métabolisation et les activités biologiques chez l'insecte." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS0005.
Full textThe nitrogen heterocylces D2-thiazoline and N-acylaziridine were studied as potential proinsecticides masking the active principles : fluorinated or not carboxylic acids. The synthesis of D2-thiazolines, either as racemates or as pure enantiomers, were performed by thionation/cyclisation using Lawesson reagent. The synthesis of N-acylaziridines were performed by condensation of carboxylic acid with amine obtained as racemate and as pure enantiomer using oxiranes. We developped analytical chiral methods of NMR and HPLC to verify optical purity of different substrates. Then, these methods were applied to extracts of incubated insect tissues by N-acylaziridines racemates after a partial unmasking for the determination of the enantiomeric composition. The biological properties of these potentials proinsecticides were evaluated by several testings performed with various pests : Drosophila melanogaster, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Tetranychus urticae. The metabolization of the most interesting molecules was studied in insect biological media (tissues of locusts or caterpillars or with a-chymotrypsin), without any pretreatment, using analytical methods such as 19F[1H]NMR or HPLC allowing the direct injection on particular packing material such as wide pore particles or monolithic column. In these biological media, N-acylaziridines beleave effectively as proinsecticides of the carboxylic acid, since the unmasking is very efficient. D2-thiazolines are more stable since it's necessary to use concentred biological media for unmasking a little of active principle
Saad, Mohamed. "Synthèse et étude structurale de N-méthylcarbamates d'oxime. Relations structure-activités anticholinestérasique et insecticide." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT061G.
Full textTriguéros, Véronique. "Les Lectines fongiques : purification et détermination de leurs activités insecticides, clonage et expression de la lectine toxique de Xerocomus Chrysenteron." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30215.
Full textSylvestre, Muriel. "Contribution a l'étude des constituants chimiques de Licaria salicifolia (Sw. ) Kosterm (lauracées) et de leurs activités insecticides." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30183.
Full textStaffa, Pumla. "Anti-tick activities of extracts of Tulbaghia violacea (Alliaceae) cultivated in hydroponic media amended with entomopathogenic fungi (Hypocreales)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2830.
Full textTicks and tick-borne diseases are important limiting factors to the attainment of sustainable animal and human health, affecting livelihood of resource poor farming communities in developing countries. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum (Ixodidae) are among the most troubling tick species in Africa. While ticks can be controlled by applying chemical acaricides, these chemicals are quite expensive, especially, for small-scale famers in developing countries. Hence, the quest for alternative tick control over the years have revealed that entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and plant extracts have huge prospects as sustainable alternatives for tick control. Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) is a fungal entomopathogen with the ability to colonize plants endophytically and induce secondary metabolite production in plants, and it has been found to be a potential biological control agent against a wide range of arthropods. Several plant species including plant species belonging to the family Alliaceae possess anti-tick activities (repellent and toxic); therefore, integrating the two strategies by inoculating Tulbaghia violacea with B. bassiana could enhance secondary metabolite contents in extracts obtained from the plant and increase medicinal materials. The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of indigenous endophytic entomopathogens inoculation of T. violacea on the plant growth, tissue nutrient contents and secondary metabolites, and anti-tick activities of extracts of T. violacea. The specific objectives were: (i) to carry out a study on the effects of inoculating T. violacea with fungal strains of B. bassiana and Clonostachys rosea on plant growth and tissue nutrient contents in extracts of T. violacea with the view of selecting one of the two fungi for further investigation (ii) to compare secondary metabolite profiles of extracts obtained from plants exposed to fungus (EPF) inoculum and control treatment during cultivation, and (iii) to determine whether exposure of T. violacea to an endophytic fungus (B. bassiana) during cultivation affects the repellent and acaricidal activities of extracts of T. violacea on A. variegatum and R. appendiculatus. The study had two experiments, presented in chapters two and three. In the first experiment, eight weeks old potted seedlings of T. violacea were inoculated separately with B. bassiana (strain SM3) and C. rosea (strain SM8) conidia suspended at concentrations of 1 x 106 conidia mL-1. Plant growth parameters, such as number of leaves, plant height (aerial part), fresh weights of aerial parts, and tissue nutrient contents were assessed. Results indicated that B. bassiana induced higher growth of plants than C. rosea. Inoculation with B. bassiana did not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) influence most of the growth parameters, number of leaves, fresht weight of roots and of fresh weight aerial parts (leaves) of T. violacea assessed in the current study. However, mean plant heights and root lengths were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in favour of B. bassiana treated plants compared to those in C. rosea. Fe contents in the roots (1416.3 ± 305.10 mg/kg) were found to be positively influenced (P < 0.05) by the fungal inoculation. There was a significant difference in roots (P < 0.05) on the uptake of Mn in C. rosea treated plants (243 ± 19 mg/kg) compared to the control group (169 ± 16.37 mg/kg) and B. bassiana treated roots (161.3 ± 14.44 mg/kg). Macro nutrients up take did not differ significantly among treatments on both leaves and roots (P > 0.05).
Noudogbessi, Jean Pierre Akodogbo. "Etudes chimiques et activités biologiques d'extraits de végétaux aromatiques d'origine béninoise." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21948.
Full textClaustre, Samantha. "Synthèse d'inhibiteurs des enzymes glycolytiques, phosphofructokinase 1 et pyruvate kinase : purification et détermination de leurs activités insecticides, clonage et expression de la lectine toxique de Xerocomus Chrysenteron." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30177.
Full textJouni, Fatina. "Synergistic interaction earthworm-microbiota : a role in the tolerance and detoxification of pesticides?" Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0699/document.
Full textPesticides used to protect plants from pests, threat grievously non-target organisms such as earthworms. Due to their feeding and burrowing activities, earthworms are in direct contact with soil particles and microorganisms, as well as pollutants including pesticides. This work investigated (1) the effect of an organophosphate “ethyl-parathion” on the sensitivity of two endogeic earthworms’ species, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Allolobophora chlorotica; and (2) the role of the gut-microbiota, in synergy with the earthworm’s detoxification pathways, in pesticide tolerance or detoxification. In the first part, biochemical and behavioral responses showed that A. caliginosa is more sensitive to “ethyl-parathion” exposure than A. chlorotica. The endpoints measured ranged from physiological (weight), biochemical (AChE, CbEs, GST) to behavioral biomarkers (cast production and burrowing activity). Our findings showed that the sensitivity of A. caliginosa could be mainly due to the intrinsic sensitivity of its AChE to “ethyl-parathion”. The role of the carboxylesterases, acting as bioscavenger of OP, and the role of the detoxifying enzymes GST did not appear to be efficient mechanisms involved in A. chlorotica tolerance. In the second part, we aimed to characterize the microbiome within the ingested soil, the cast and the gut tissue of A. caliginosa and A. chlorotica in control or polluted soils. Our results showed differences in the microbial composition between these compartments. In this line, we suggested that these two earthworms’ species harbor a species-specific microbiome in their gut. In particular, our findings showed that the earthworm’s gut acts as a “biological filter” for ingested microbial communities during the gut passage. At the level of the gut, we identified four dominated genus within the gut of A. caliginosa versus two dominated genus in the gut of A. chlorotica. Notably, we identified a Rhodococcus strain, which is highly abundant in the gut of A. chlorotica. Previous studies reported Rhodococcus strains for their ability to degrade some group of pesticides. We suggest that the presence of this strain could contribute to the tolerance of A. chlorotica. Finally, we showed that the effect of ethyl-parathion on soil enzyme activities mainly depend on soil texture rather than the presence and/or the species of earthworms. According to our findings, it is of considerable importance to include more than one species to assess toxicity from organophosphorus insecticides, due to the interspecific differences that can occur within the same ecological category. Moreover, the identification and the functional analysis of the microorganisms found in the earthworm’s gut and able to intervene in pesticide detoxification could enhance our knowledge about the fate of the pesticide inside the organism, and could be an important tool for bioremediation program
Magnin, Michel. "Resistance aux insecticides organophosphores : detection, caracterisation genetique et dynamique dans les populations naturelles : etude dans le complexe culex pipiens l. (diptera : culicidae) et essai d'application a simulium damnosum s.l. theobald." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066513.
Full textFabre, Bernard. "Recherche de microorganismes producteurs d'insecticides criblage, production, purification et identification des produits /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604872d.
Full textCharles, Jean-François. "Bacillus thuringiensis sérotype H 14 et bacillus sphaericus : sporulation, biogenèse des cristaux larvicides et cytopathologie sur larves de moustiques (diptères; culicidae)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066303.
Full textCheng, Chih Lun, and 鄭治倫. "Antioxidant, Insecticidal Activities and Oil Oxidative Stability of the Extracts." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h2vr8u.
Full text國立臺北科技大學
化學工程與生物科技系生化與生醫工程碩士班
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The presence of a wide variety of bioactive compounds in the extracts serves as an important defensive strategy for plants against insects, and assists in preventing autoxidation or oxidative rancidity in edible oils. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of process factors such as ethanol concentration, extraction time and temperature on the extraction yield, bioactive contents and antioxidant activity of the extracts using response surface methodology (RSM). The results of the ANOVA analysis show that the quadratic model was highly significant (P<0.05) for all the response variables. the extract of Litsea cubeba fruit was evidenced has the tyrosinase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 5,720 g/mL. GC/MS characterization showed that the extracts are rich in bioactive compounds and those present exhibited important biological activities such as antioxidant, insect repellence and insecticidal activities. Based on the results of toxicity assay against Tribolium castaneum, the insecticidal activity of the extracts followed in this order: Tagetes lemmonii>Litsea cubeba>Chenopodium formosanum. The optimal proportion of three extracts was determined by simplex lattice design (SLD) and found that the synergistic effect was important for the enhancement of insecticidal activity. Finally, the extract was used as an additive to improve the oxidative stability of the olive oil, and the oil oxidative rancidity was monitored by the p-anisidine value and the DPPH scavenging activity. The extracts enhanced the oxidative stability of olive oil during accelerated oxidation storage due to the abundance of bioactive components.
Edomwande, Emmanuel Orluchuckwu. "Embryo-larvicidal activities of lufenuron on selected lepidopteran pests." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25945.
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