Journal articles on the topic 'Insect Pest Monitoring'
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1
Groot, Peter de, Jean J. Turgeon, and Gordon E. Miller. "Status of cone and seed insect pest management in Canadian seed orchards." Forestry Chronicle 70, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 745–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70745-6.
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Many of Canada's conifer seed orchards are entering their productive phase. In most, if not all seed orchards, insect pest management will be required in order to meet the seed production targets. Canadian seed orchard managers will soon need to know the basic requirements and what information is available to implement an insect pest management program. In this review, a synthesis is provided of the major components of an integrated pest management program for cone and seed insects. A list of the insect pests of conifer cones and seeds in Canada as well as features of their life cycles and population dynamics that could influence pest management strategies is presented. Current and future needs for insect damage appraisal and insect monitoring techniques are discussed. Finally, the various strategies and tactics to control insects are reviewed. Key words: conifer seed orchards, cone insects, seed insects, pest management strategies, integrated pest management
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Hagstrum, David William, and Paul Whitney Flinn. "Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management." Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0031.
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Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.
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FEDOR, PETER, JAROMÍR VAŇHARA, JOSEF HAVEL, IGOR MALENOVSKÝ, and IAN SPELLERBERG. "Artificial intelligence in pest insect monitoring." Systematic Entomology 34, no. 2 (January 31, 2009): 398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00461.x.
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Hausmann, Johannes. "Challenges for integrated pest management of Dasineura brassicae in oilseed rape." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 15, no. 5 (August 23, 2021): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-021-09861-1.
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AbstractThe use of insecticides in flowering oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) against pest insects such as the brassica pod midge (Dasineura brassicae W.) often conflicts with the protection of pollinating and beneficial insects. Dasineura brassicae is a major pest insect in European oilseed rape production. However, a comprehensive and sustainable pest control strategy within the framework of integrated pest management (IPM) does not exist, and little research on the insect has been published during the past two decades. This paper reviews the existing knowledge about D. brassicae along its life cycle and is intended to form the basis for further research activities on pod-damaging pest insects in oilseed rape. Important knowledge gaps are identified, regarding the significance of natural enemies, diapause induction, and predictions on damage potential, based on initial pest insect population. The short lifespan of the adults is particularly challenging in praxis. The implementation of IPM for D. brassicae is discussed on the basis of the four IPM steps (set an economic threshold, establish pest monitoring, preventive measures, and direct control measures) and remaining hurdles, as well as potential solutions for a better IPM, are identified. For D. brassicae, there is no science-based economic threshold and no applicable monitoring methods for farmers, which hinders a field-specific damage forecast and the precise timing of insecticide applications. Research into improved monitoring (e.g. selective attractants, real-time monitoring using remote-sensing technologies) appears to be a promising step towards an integrated pest management of D. brassicae.
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Norin, Torbjörn. "Semiochemicals for insect pest management." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 12 (January 1, 2007): 2129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779122129.
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Methods for crop protection based on semiochemicals show advantages over methods based on conventional insecticides. Applications of semiochemicals for insect pest management have, however, been limited. Some recent studies carried out in an interdisciplinary research program by five research groups in Sweden are presented. In spite of the chemodiversity in nature, it is striking that many simple and common compounds are important as chemical signals. This paper focuses on some examples of such simple signals, which are now used for monitoring and suppression of pest insects.
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Shortall, Chris R., Sarah A. M. Perryman, Kirstie Halsey, and Jon S. West. "The Potential of Fluorescence Imaging to Distinguish Insect Pest and Non-pest Species." Outlooks on Pest Management 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v33_feb_05.
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Studying the presence and movement of insects is important in biological research for practical purposes regarding control of pests and environmental monitoring. Detection of insects by conventional trapping (e.g. the Rothamsted Insect Survey) and tracking technologies (e.g. the Rothamsted Radar Entomology Unit) have been effective for monitoring and forecasting pest migration but often require significant investment in capital costs and/or staff time. Insect detection using imaging of natural fluorescence (without additional fluorescent dyes) has been considered less, and much of the work on natural fluorescence in the animal world has been on marine organisms. Work on terrestrial arthropods has been more limited and restricted primarily to non-insect arthropods. Very early work on the distribution of fluorescent pigments in butterflies was demonstrated using long wave mercury vapour lamps followed by more work in the 1950s on butterflies, arthropods; including beetles, spiders and millipedes, cockroaches and eggs of Orthoptera. These studies often involved qualitative approaches; dissecting the animals and investigating internal organs and fluids for fluorescence as well as whole body studies. More recent studies have included quantitative work on butterflies and pest insects plus fluorescence studies in damselflies, moths, millipedes, bees and spiders. Fluorescence in juvenile stages is a property used for detection of flies and beetles in food stuffs. The vast majority of insects, however, have not been investigated for fluorescence and even in those taxa that have been studied, e.g. butterflies, the dataset is incomplete. The easiest way to observe fluorescence is to illuminate a subject with a known waveband of light in otherwise darkness and view or record an image via a filter that blocks the wavelength of the illuminating light. Any light viewed or captured at a different wavelength to the illumination, must have been produced by fluorescence. In contrast, some living organisms themselves can produce light or luminescence by internal chemical means. This work aimed to look at the potential of using natural fluorescence to detect and identify insects, particularly pests.
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Pachkin, A. A., O. Yu Kremneva, R. Yu Danilov, and A. V. Ponomarev. "Vegetable Pest Monitoring Using Insect Trap Lights." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 10 (November 8, 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-10-28-32.
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The results of improving the design of autonomous LED insect trap lights developed by the Federal Research Center for Plant Biological Protection are provided. The flying dynamics of the summer Helicoverpa armigera is shown. It was found that the insect trap light attracted 2.6 times more phytophagous specimens than pheromon traps. A separating element of a insect trap light been developed, which makes it possible to reduce 50 times the number of captured representatives of useful and indifferent entomofauna. The efficiency of battery charging has been increased by 43%.
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Rajendran, Somiahnadar. "Insect Pest Management in Stored Products." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_feb_05.
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Insects are a common problem in stored produce. The author describes the extent of the problem and approaches to countering it. Stored products of agricultural and animal origin, whether edible or non-edible, are favourite food for insect pests. Durable agricultural produce comprising dry raw and processed commodities and perishables (fresh produce) are vulnerable to insect pests at various stages from production till end-use. Similarly, different animal products and museum objects are infested mainly by dermestids. Insect pests proliferate due to favourable storage conditions, temperature and humidity and availability of food in abundance. In addition to their presence in food commodities, insects occur in storages (warehouses, silos) and processing facilities (flour mills, feed mills). Insect infestation is also a serious issue in processed products and packed commodities. The extent of loss in stored products due to insects varies between countries depending on favourable climatic conditions, and pest control measures adopted. In stored food commodities, insect infestation causes loss in quantity, changes in nutritional quality, altered chemical composition, off-odours, changes in end-use products, dissemination of toxigenic microorganisms and associated health implications. The insects contribute to contaminants such as silk threads, body fragments, hastisetae, excreta and chemical secretions. Insect activity in stored products increases the moisture content favouring the growth of moulds that produce mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin in stored peanuts). Hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting silkworm cocoons has been reported to act as a carrier of microsporidian parasite Nosema bombycis that causes pebrine disease in silkworms. In dried fish, insect infestation leads to higher bacterial count and uric acid levels. Insects cause damage in hides and skins affecting their subsequent use for making leather products. The trend in stored product insect pest management is skewing in favour of pest prevention, monitoring, housekeeping and finally control. Hermetic storage system can be supplemented with CO2 or phosphine application to achieve quicker results. Pest detection and monitoring has gained significance as an important tool in insect pest management. Pheromone traps originally intended for detection of infestations have been advanced as a mating disruption device ensuing pest suppression in storage premises and processing facilities; pheromones also have to undergo registration protocols similar to conventional insecticides in some countries. Control measures involve reduced chemical pesticide use and more non-chemical inputs such as heat, cold/freezing and desiccants. Furthermore, there is an expanding organic market where physical and biological agents play a key role. The management options for insect control depend on the necessity or severity of pest incidence. Generally, nonchemical treatments, except heat, require more treatment time or investment in expensive equipment or fail to achieve 100% insect mortality. Despite insect resistance, environmental issues and residue problems, chemical control is inevitable and continues to be the most effective and rapid control method. There are limited options with respect to alternative fumigants and the alternatives have constraints as regards environmental and health concerns, cost, and other logistics. For fumigation of fresh agricultural produce, new formulations of ethyl formate and phosphine are commercially applied replacing methyl bromide. Resistance management is now another component of stored product pest management. In recent times, fumigation techniques have improved taking into consideration possible insect resistance. Insect control deploying nanoparticles, alone or as carriers for other control agents, is an emerging area with promising results. As there is no single compound with all the desired qualities, a necessity has arisen to adopt multiple approaches. Cocktail applications or combination treatments (IGRs plus organophosphorus insecticides, diatomaceous earth plus contact insecticides, nanoparticles plus insecticides/pathogens/phytocompounds and conventional fumigants plus CO2; vacuum plus fumigant) have been proved to be more effective. The future of store product insect pest management is deployment of multiple approaches and/or combination treatments to achieve the goal quickly and effectively.
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Dadheech, Pankaj, Ankit Kumar, Vijander Singh, Ramesh C. Poonia, and Linesh Raja. "A WSN-Based Insect Monitoring and Pest Control System Through Behavior Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.290310.
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Insect Monitoring includes collecting information about insect activity with the help of using traps and lures. Many different types of traps are used and they can be divided into the following types - Light traps, Sticky Traps and Pheromone Traps. After trapping the insect, the next step involves monitoring tools to monitor the further behavior of insects. Monitoring includes checking of crop fields for early detection of pests and identification of pests. Identification helps in finding which are the best naturally occurring control agents and assessing the efficiency of pest control actions that already have been taken. The main purpose of this paper is to design the insect monitoring system is to assess insect activity and gain population estimates so we can deploy a solution that will be most effective at protecting our crops. This system involves the use of traps and lures to get information on insect activity. Traps are strategically placed throughout the crop and include natural semi-chemical attractants to draw insects into the traps.
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Mckinlay, R. G. "Insect Pest Control on Potatoes." Outlook on Agriculture 17, no. 1 (March 1988): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708801700106.
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The international importance of the potato crop needs no stressing and its protection from insect pests is correspondingly important. This article reviews the wide variety of control methods currently in use. In present circumstances integrated pest control methods are desirable on environmental grounds, but in practice the careful monitoring required makes this difficult for the individual grower.
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Suto, Jozsef. "A Novel Plug-in Board for Remote Insect Monitoring." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111897.
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The conventional approach to monitoring insect swarming is based on traps that are periodically checked by human operators. However, human checking of trap contents is expensive, and in many environments, the pest species most frequently encountered in the traps can be detected and monitored automatically. To achieve this goal, a dedicated data acquisition device is necessary, which makes real-time and online pest monitoring possible from a distant location. In addition, it is beneficial for the device to run machine learning algorithms that count and identify insects automatically from pictures. Thanks to the advantages of integrated circuits, more systems have been designed to improve integrated pest management in the context of precision agriculture. However, in our opinion, all of those systems have one or more disadvantages, such as high cost, low power autonomy, low picture quality, a WIFI coverage requirement, intensive human control, and poor software support. Therefore, the aim of this work is to present a novel plug-in board for automatic pest detection and counting. The plug-in board is dedicated to Raspberry Pi devices, especially the Raspberry Pi Zero. The proposed board, in combination with a Raspberry Pi device and a Pi camera, overcomes the limitations of other prototypes found in the literature. In this paper, a detailed description can be found about the schematic and characteristics of the board with a deep-learning-based insect-counting method.
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Rano, Saifatul Hossain, Mansura Afroz, and Md Mamunur Rahman. "APPLICATION OF GIS ON MONITORING AGRICULTURAL INSECT PESTS: A REVIEW." Reviews In Food and Agriculture 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.01.2022.19.23.
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Agricultural insect pests cause crop yield loss which results in imbalance between the food demand of world population and the global agriculture output. Pest control can be more efficient if it becomes possible to identify the current status of pest timely and take action immediately. In this regard, application of Geographic Information System (GIS) has added a new dimension for pest management. This review paper focused on the implication of GIS technology in insect pest management by facilitating decisions making process, timely planning and getting different information in many specific areas; such as monitoring suitable habitat, foliage damage index, population distribution diversity and migration of insect pests at different aspects. GIS maps, produced by using manual and remotely sensed data with the help of various hardware and software, have facilitated forecasting and early warning of insect outbreaks and their population diversity. So, that it can help researchers and farmers to take proper management planning and decisions, like when and how should they take management and control strategies against any insect pest to save agricultural fields from pest attack or outbreak. Recent advancements in the field of agriculture by using GIS technology have provided ample scope in agriculture for pest monitoring, detection and timely management with high precision and accuracy.
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Jian, Fuji. "Influences of Stored Product Insect Movements on Integrated Pest Management Decisions." Insects 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10040100.
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Insect movement inside and outside grain bulks and processed products influences pest management decisions. Movement allows insects to find essential food resources, shelters (refuges), warmer and/or humid locations, mating and egg-laying sites, even when they are rare in fields, buildings, mills, warehouses, and inside grain masses. This review discussed the advantages and disadvantages of stored product insect movements, and the influence of insect mobility on some integrated pest management practices. Insect movement (1) results in clumped insect spatial distributions and thus makes large sample sizes necessary for monitoring; (2) makes trapping more efficient, but is influenced by many factors; (3) allows control methods to be effective, but requires pest management programs to be area-wide; (4) makes eradication of quarantine pests difficult and commodities are quickly re-infested; and (5) results in a diverse genetic pool and speeds the development of resistance to pesticides. Any element of an IPM approach should use the knowledge of insect movement. Reasons for the difficult interpretation of cryptic movement behaviours of insects were provided and future research areas were suggested.
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Drake, Alistair. "AUTOMATICALLY OPERATING RADARS FOR MONITORING INSECT PEST MIGRATIONS." Insect Science 9, no. 4 (December 2002): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7917.2002.tb00169.x.
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Ahmad, Mohd Najib, Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff, and Ramle Moslim. "Monitoring insect pest infestation via different spectroscopic techniques." Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 53, no. 10 (March 19, 2018): 836–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2018.1445094.
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Mankin, Richard, David Hagstrum, Min Guo, Panagiotis Eliopoulos, and Anastasia Njoroge. "Automated Applications of Acoustics for Stored Product Insect Detection, Monitoring, and Management." Insects 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030259.
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Acoustic technology provides information difficult to obtain about stored insect behavior, physiology, abundance, and distribution. For example, acoustic detection of immature insects feeding hidden within grain is helpful for accurate monitoring because they can be more abundant than adults and be present in samples without adults. Modern engineering and acoustics have been incorporated into decision support systems for stored product insect management, but with somewhat limited use due to device costs and the skills needed to interpret the data collected. However, inexpensive modern tools may facilitate further incorporation of acoustic technology into the mainstream of pest management and precision agriculture. One such system was tested herein to describe Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adult and larval movement and feeding in stored grain. Development of improved methods to identify sounds of targeted pest insects, distinguishing them from each other and from background noise, is an active area of current research. The most powerful of the new methods may be machine learning. The methods have different strengths and weaknesses depending on the types of background noise and the signal characteristic of target insect sounds. It is likely that they will facilitate automation of detection and decrease costs of managing stored product insects in the future.
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Mckenna, C. E., S. J. Dobson, and J. M. Phare. "The insect pest complex of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4793.
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The key insect pests of Actinidia arguta kiwifruit were determined by monitoring tagged fruit bunches for insects and insect damage in six orchard blocks from fruit set in November 2007 until harvest in February 2008 and by examining samples of picked fruit at harvest The proportion of fruit damaged by leafroller feeding increased throughout the entire growing season and live caterpillars were present on picked fruit at harvest Greenhouse thrips damage to fruit was noticeable from mid January Armoured scale insects and mealybugs were recorded on the fruit from December but most infestations occurred during the month prior to harvest Leafrollers and greenhouse thrips are the key production pests while leafrollers greedy scale and some mealybug species are potential quarantine species All three commercial A arguta cultivars grown in the Bay of Plenty are susceptible to the key pest species
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Cowell, B., D. T. Johnson, R. Mizell, and M. E. Garcia. "MONITORING INSECT AND PEST DAMAGE IN PECAN IN ARKANSAS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1070 (February 2015): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1070.17.
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Suto, Jozsef. "Codling Moth Monitoring with Camera-Equipped Automated Traps: A Review." Agriculture 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101721.
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The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is probably the most harmful pest in apple and pear orchards. The crop loss due to the high harmfulness of the insect can be extremely expensive; therefore, sophisticated pest management is necessary to protect the crop. The conventional monitoring approach for insect swarming has been based on traps that are periodically checked by human operators. However, this workflow can be automatized. To achieve this goal, a dedicated image capture device and an accurate insect counter algorithm are necessary which make online insect swarm prediction possible. From the hardware side, more camera-equipped embedded systems have been designed to remotely capture and upload pest trap images. From the software side, with the aid of machine vision and machine learning methods, traditional (manual) identification and counting can be solved by algorithm. With the appropriate combination of the hardware and software components, spraying can be accurately scheduled, and the crop-defending cost will be significantly reduced. Although automatic traps have been developed for more pest species and there are a large number of papers which investigate insect detection, a limited number of articles focus on the C. pomonella. The aim of this paper is to review the state of the art of C. pomonella monitoring with camera-equipped traps. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of automated traps’ hardware and software components and examines their practical applicability.
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Guo, Qingwen, Chuntao Wang, Deqin Xiao, and Qiong Huang. "An Enhanced Insect Pest Counter Based on Saliency Map and Improved Non-Maximum Suppression." Insects 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12080705.
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Accurately counting the number of insect pests from digital images captured on yellow sticky traps remains a challenge in the field of insect pest monitoring. In this study, we develop a new approach to counting the number of insect pests using a saliency map and improved non-maximum suppression. Specifically, as the background of a yellow sticky trap is simple and the insect pest object is small, we exploit a saliency map to construct a region proposal generator including saliency map building, activation region formation, background–foreground classifier, and tune-up boxes involved in region proposal generation. For each region proposal, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is used to classify it as a specific insect pest class, resulting in detection bounding boxes. By considering the relationship between detection bounding boxes, we thus develop an improved non-maximum suppression to sophisticatedly handle the redundant detection bounding boxes and obtain the insect pest number through counting the handled detection bounding boxes, each of which covers one insect pest. As this insect pest counter may miscount insect pests that are close to each other, we further integrate the widely used Faster R-CNN with the mentioned insect pest counter to construct a dual-path network. Extensive experimental simulations show that the two proposed insect pest counters achieve significant improvement in terms of F1 score against the state-of-the-art object detectors as well as insect pest detection methods.
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Headrick, David. "The Future of Organic Insect Pest Management: Be a Better Entomologist or Pay for Someone Who Is." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020140.
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Insect pest management in certified organic production systems presents considerable challenges for growers. The Federal National Organic Program (NOP) guidelines list acceptable tactics, but their effective use requires a considerable knowledgebase in entomology. The range of tactics allowed by the NOP are viewed as limiting by many growers and there are important elements missing from the list such as pest monitoring and identification. Educational programs must consider utilizing instructional methods and additional means of outreach that introduce new pest management tactics that are individualized, regionally appropriate and emphasize grower adoption and collaboration with local professionals. This review describes the challenges and knowledge burden associated with the listed NOP pest management guidelines, provides an educational model that includes an additional level of professional support for enhanced adoption of novel pest management tactics, or refinement of current practices, with a special emphasis on the importance of insect pest population monitoring.
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Toews, M. D., F. H. Arthur, and J. F. Campbell. "Monitoring Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in pilot-scale warehouses treated with β-cyfluthrin: are residual insecticides and trapping compatible?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, no. 2 (October 24, 2008): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006172.
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AbstractIntegrated pest management strategies for cereal processing facilities often include both pheromone-baited pitfall traps and crack and crevice applications of a residual insecticide such as the pyrethroid cyfluthrin. In replicated pilot-scale warehouses, a 15-week-long experiment was conducted comparing population trends suggested by insect captures in pheromone-baited traps to direct estimates obtained by sampling the food patches in untreated and cyfluthrin-treated warehouses. Warehouses were treated, provisioned with food patches and then infested with all life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Food patches, both those initially infested and additional uninfested, were surrounded by cyfluthrin bands to evaluate if insects would cross the bands. Results show that insect captures correlated with population trends determined by direct product samples in the untreated warehouses, but not the cyfluthrin-treated warehouses. However, dead insects recovered from the floor correlated with the insect densities observed with direct samples in the cyfluthrin-treated warehouses. Initially, uninfested food patches were exploited immediately and after six weeks harbored similar infestation densities to the initially infested food patches. These data show that pest management professionals relying on insect captures in pheromone-baited traps in cyfluthrin-treated structures could be deceived into believing that a residual insecticide application was suppressing population growth, when the population was actually increasing at the same rate as an untreated population.
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Gaoping, Wang, Yan Qing, Zhang Kai, and William M. Ciesla. "Factors affecting production of Chinese Chestnut in Xinxian County, Henan Province, China." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 5 (October 1, 2001): 839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77839-5.
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Chestnuts, Castanea mollissima Blume, are an important non-wood forest product in XinXian County, Henan Province, China. As part of an effort to improve capacity to reduce crop losses caused by insects and other damaging factors, a monitoring system was established in four orchards representing various ages, growing conditions and management practices. Monitoring consisted of periodic observations of the condition of chestnuts through a portion of the 2000 season on sample trees. Resulting data were summarized into life tables.The monitoring indicated that less than 50% of the chestnut burrs present on the trees in early July survived to harvest. Missing burrs were the highest cause of chestnut loss in three of the four orchards sampled. This may in part be the result of chestnut burrs aborting because of insect attack, spontaneous abortion or early maturation of chestnuts. Losses that could be directly attributed to insects ranged between 12.75 and 28.58%, caused mainly by several species of caterpillars that bore into chestnuts. Occurrence of "empty burrs" was roughly equal to insect damage levels in two orchards that did not receive a supplemental boron fertilizer treatment at the time of flowering.Based on monitoring data obtained during the 2000 growing season, opportunities to increase chestnut production in XinXian County include application of boron to increase nut set and development of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system with emphasis on management of lepidopterous borers. Key words: Chinese chestnut, Castanea mollissima, integrated pest management, life tables, insect pests, non-wood forest products
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Edde, Peter A. "Principal Insects Affecting Tobacco Plants in the Field." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 28, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 117–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2018-0013.
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SummaryTobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, is a high-value crop grown in many temperate and tropical countries of the world. Several insects attack tobacco throughout the season, from transplant production, growth in the field, during storage, and in the marketed product. This review focuses on economically important insects of the seedling tobacco or the growing crop in major tobacco-producing regions of the world. The species covered herein are tobacco aphid, black cutworm, tobacco budworm, tobacco hornworm, tobacco flea beetle, thrips, Japanese beetle, and tobacco wireworm. The occurrence and economic importance of these insects vary from region to region.For each insect discussed, the following information is provided: the scientific name and taxonomic position of the insect; its geographical distribution; the stage that causes the damage and plant hosts; a brief discussion on classification and description of the species; a summary of the biology and ecology; details regarding pest management, which include scouting-/monitoring methods, action threshold, cultural (non-chemical) methods, natural enemies, and chemical control. In addition, a concluding paragraph is presented on insect pest management for tobacco.
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Geissmann, Quentin, Paul K. Abram, Di Wu, Cara H. Haney, and Juli Carrillo. "Sticky Pi is a high-frequency smart trap that enables the study of insect circadian activity under natural conditions." PLOS Biology 20, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): e3001689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001689.
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In the face of severe environmental crises that threaten insect biodiversity, new technologies are imperative to monitor both the identity and ecology of insect species. Traditionally, insect surveys rely on manual collection of traps, which provide abundance data but mask the large intra- and interday variations in insect activity, an important facet of their ecology. Although laboratory studies have shown that circadian processes are central to insects’ biological functions, from feeding to reproduction, we lack the high-frequency monitoring tools to study insect circadian biology in the field. To address these issues, we developed the Sticky Pi, a novel, autonomous, open-source, insect trap that acquires images of sticky cards every 20 minutes. Using custom deep learning algorithms, we automatically and accurately scored where, when, and which insects were captured. First, we validated our device in controlled laboratory conditions with a classic chronobiological model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. Then, we deployed an array of Sticky Pis to the field to characterise the daily activity of an agricultural pest, Drosophila suzukii, and its parasitoid wasps. Finally, we demonstrate the wide scope of our smart trap by describing the sympatric arrangement of insect temporal niches in a community, without targeting particular taxa a priori. Together, the automatic identification and high sampling rate of our tool provide biologists with unique data that impacts research far beyond chronobiology, with applications to biodiversity monitoring and pest control as well as fundamental implications for phenology, behavioural ecology, and ecophysiology. We released the Sticky Pi project as an open community resource on https://doc.sticky-pi.com.
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Mohapatra, SD, Amrita Banerjee, RK Senapati, G. Prasanthi, Minati Mohapatra, PK Nayak, AK Nayak, and D. Maiti. "Current status and future prospects in biotic stress management in rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, Special (April 22, 2021): 168–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.spl.7.
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Insect pests and diseases are the major biotic constraints in rice production. According to the ecosystem, the incidence of insect pests and diseases vary. The degree of loss due to different biotic stresses differ widely depending upon the predominant factors of abundance of these pests in a particular year, season or locality. Though around 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major pest status. Farmers bear an estimated average of 37% losses in rice crop due to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on status of insect pests and diseases, extent of losses, different tools used in pest monitoring and management in rice. Among the important pest management tools used in rice pest and diseases management are forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, light trap, hyper-spectral remote sensing, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).
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Patel, Shweta, Chandra Pal Singh, and Sunil Kumar Yadav. "Monitoring of insect-pest complex on rapeseed-mustard at Pantnagar." Journal of Entomological Research 43, no. 1 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4576.2019.00014.8.
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Francis Fleurat-Lessard. "Monitoring insect pest populations in grain storage: the European context." Stewart Postharvest Review 7, no. 3 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2212/spr.2011.3.4.
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Blasius, Bernd. "Make your trappings count: The mathematics of pest insect monitoring." Physics of Life Reviews 11, no. 3 (September 2014): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2014.05.005.
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Querner, Pascal, Michaela Morelli, Elke Oberthaler, Monica Strolz, Katja Schmitz Von Ledebur, Johanna Diehl, Isabell Zatschek, et al. "Ten years of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Wien." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 43, no. 2 (August 20, 2011): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2011.185.
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The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien is one of the largest fine arts collections worldwide, comprising the Kunsthistorisches Museum, the Austrian Theater Museum, the Museum of Ethnology, all placed in Vienna, and Schloß Ambras in Tirol. We present results from up to 10 years of insect pest monitoring in different collections and the implementation of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concept. The Kunsthistorisches Museum was the first museum in Vienna to introduce such a concept. We also present specific insect pest problems such as a biscuit beetle (<em>Stegobium paniceum</em>) infestation of paintings lined with starch paste backings (linings) or the webbing clothes moth (<em>Tineola bisselliella</em>) infestation at the Museum of Carriages, both repeatedly occurring problems in the museum. With the help of the insect pest monitoring programs, these and other problems were found and the infested objects treated, usually with anoxia (nitrogen).
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Lo, Peter L., Roger Wallis, and David E. Bellamy. "The effectiveness of two types of adhesive for catching insects in traps." New Zealand Plant Protection 72 (July 27, 2019): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2019.72.301.
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Sticky traps for monitoring insects use polybutene adhesive (PBA) to entangle insects. This glue is effective but messy to use and an alternative, hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive (HMPSA) is available. The effectiveness of these two adhesives was compared for catching pest and beneficial insects, primarily in apples. Various types of trap with either PBA or HMSPA were placed in orchards and vineyards in Hawke’s Bay and Nelson. Eight pests from six families, six parasitoids, five predators and one pollinator were commonly recorded. Traps with HMPSA generally caught similar numbers or more of both insect pests and beneficial insects than traps with PBA. Traps with HMPSA performed better for larger insects (>1.5 mm), whereas those with PBA tended to be more effective for smaller insects. Both types of adhesive were effective for up to 4 weeks. HMPSA was effective for monitoring a range of insect pests and beneficial insects. Compared with PBA, HMPSA was more consistent and much cleaner and easier to use. It is recommended that HMPSA replaces PBA in traps for monitoring moth pests in the pipfruit industry.
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Buyantogtokh, P., G. Adyasuren, Ch Enkhbayar, and Ch Myagmar. "RESULTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING TOOLS FOR STORAGE GRAIN INSECTS." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 2 (June 22, 2015): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v13i2.523.
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For the purpose of monitoring poisonous insects in storage of grain, flour mills, food industry, and plant originated products it was developed a rapid method to reveal it and insects’ density, distribution, level of harm and control method was determined. Two different pest traps were developed: paper trap and cylinder trap. Results of experimental study showed that these traps were suitable in order to reveal and catch the pests and possible for the use in monitoring studies for the storage poisonous insects. The distribution and density of poisonous insects was established using these traps. The number of caught poisonous insect and their distribution was established by the method of G.A. Zakladnoi and level of harm was determined.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 84-87
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C, Harsha, and Rosaline Mary. "The Efficacy of the Leaf Powders of Justicia Adhatoda L. and Leucas Aspera on the Management of the Pulse Beetle Callosobruchus Chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), in Cicer Arietinum L. (Chickpea)." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 5, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/02.
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Insects are a problem in stored grains throughout the world. In India, there are about 200 species of pest insects which cause damage to stored grains and grain products in storage. The stored chickpea seeds are affected by bruchids. The pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis is the most widespread and destructive insect pest of economically important leguminous chickpea. The pest control of C. chinensis is very important to protect the loss of nutritive and economic value of chickpea. The present study aimed to protect the stored chickpea seeds from C. chinensis infestation using leaf powders of Justicia adhatoda L. and Leucas aspera by analyzing the effect of these two leaf powders on the mortality rate. Through this study, it has been found that J. adhatoda showed more efficacy against C. chinensis and it can be considered as a safer alternative for synthetic chemical insecticides. The study was to investigate the phytochemicals, physico chemical parameters, FTIR spectrum, seed germination percentage and vigour index for their safety and efficacy. The use of natural medicinal plants like J. adhatoda and L. aspera develop a cheap, safe and easy method for the protection of stored grains against the insect pest C. chinensis. Keywords: Callosobruchus chinensis, Biopesticide, Justicia adhatoda, Leucas aspera, Insecticides
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Wang, Rui, Xiao Kou, Kai Cui, Huafeng Mao, Shuaihang Wang, Zhuoran Sun, Weidong Li, Yunlong Li, and Cheng Hu. "Insect-Equivalent Radar Cross-Section Model Based on Field Experimental Results of Body Length and Orientation Extraction." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030508.
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Migratory insects constitute a valuable component of atmospheric and terrestrial biomass, and their migratory behavior provides abundant information for insect management and ecological effect assessment. Effective monitoring of migratory insects contributes to the evaluation and forecasting of catastrophic migration events, such as pest outbreaks. With a large-scale monitoring technique using S-band weather radar, the insect density is estimated based on the linear relationship between radar reflectivity and the average radar cross-section (RCS) of the insects. However, the average RCS model neglects the morphological and observation parameters of the insects, which reduces the estimation accuracy. In this paper, we established an insect-equivalent RCS model based on the joint probability distribution of “body length–incident angle”. Then, we observed and extracted the morphological and observational parameters of the migratory insects by conducting a 69-day field experiment, using a Ku-band fully polarimetric entomological radar, in Dongying, Shandong Province, China. Finally, combined with the experimental results and the simulated scattering characteristics of individual insects with different body lengths, the typical insect-equivalent RCS model was established. The RCS of the model fluctuates between 0.233 mm2 and 0.514 mm2, with different incident angles. Our results lay a data foundation for the quantitative analysis of insects by weather radar.
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Juvik, John A. "IMPROVED HOST PLANT RESISTANCE BY MODIFICATION OF PLANT CHEMICAL CUES ASSOCIATED WITH HELIOTHIS ZEA HOST PLANT SELECTION FOR OVIPOSITION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1178a—1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1178a.
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Heliothis zea (Boddle) is one of agriculture's worst insect pests. Reduction in crop productivity and costs for insecticidal control of this cosmopolitan pest cost U.S. agriculture many millions of dollars annually. The sesquiterpenes (+)-E-å-santalen-12-oic and (+)-E- endo- β–bergamoten-12-oic acids isolated from hexane leaf extracts of the wild tomato species, Lycopersicon hirsutum, have been shown to attract and stimulate oviposition by female H. zea. Extracts from other host plants (tobacco, corn, and cotton) also possess attractant/oviposition stimulant activity to female H. zea. Studies are underway to assess the potential use of these and other phytochemicals for the control or monitoring of population levels of H. zea in tomato, corn and cotton fields.The isolation and structural identification of insect pest oviposition stimulants in horticultural crop species can provide valuable information to plant breeders involved in developing cultivars with improved insect host plant resistance. This information could be used to develop cultivars lacking the chemical cues used by insects for host plant location and recognition. Risks of public exposure to toxic insecticides through consumption of agricultural produce and polluted ground water emphasize the critical need for the development of crop genotypes with improved best plant resistance as a supplementary method of insect pest management in agricultural ecosystems.
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Hong, Suk-Ju, Il Nam, Sang-Yeon Kim, Eungchan Kim, Chang-Hyup Lee, Sebeom Ahn, Il-Kwon Park, and Ghiseok Kim. "Automatic Pest Counting from Pheromone Trap Images Using Deep Learning Object Detectors for Matsucoccus thunbergianae Monitoring." Insects 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12040342.
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The black pine bast scale, M. thunbergianae, is a major insect pest of black pine and causes serious environmental and economic losses in forests. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the occurrence and population of M. thunbergianae, and a monitoring method using a pheromone trap is commonly employed. Because the counting of insects performed by humans in these pheromone traps is labor intensive and time consuming, this study proposes automated deep learning counting algorithms using pheromone trap images. The pheromone traps collected in the field were photographed in the laboratory, and the images were used for training, validation, and testing of the detection models. In addition, the image cropping method was applied for the successful detection of small objects in the image, considering the small size of M. thunbergianae in trap images. The detection and counting performance were evaluated and compared for a total of 16 models under eight model conditions and two cropping conditions, and a counting accuracy of 95% or more was shown in most models. This result shows that the artificial intelligence-based pest counting method proposed in this study is suitable for constant and accurate monitoring of insect pests.
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Eirich, Russell. "Establishing Action Thresholds for Control of Cankerworms in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.009.
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An action threshold (AT) is often established to determine if and when control treatments are required for pest populations. In municipal settings, control treatments for insects defoliating the urban forest are typically determined in response to customer requests, maintenance demands of highly visible municipal public spaces, economic requirements, and actual insect damage. In 2006, the City of Regina Integrated Pest Management section created a new method of establishing an AT for cankerworm control by determining if monitoring counts for female cankerworms (Paleacrita vernata Peck and Alsophila pometria L.) were greater than 95% of an identified “normal” population range when based on historical records.
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Dong, Shifeng, Jianming Du, Lin Jiao, Fenmei Wang, Kang Liu, Yue Teng, and Rujing Wang. "Automatic Crop Pest Detection Oriented Multiscale Feature Fusion Approach." Insects 13, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060554.
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Specialized pest control for agriculture is a high-priority agricultural issue. There are multiple categories of tiny pests, which pose significant challenges to monitoring. Previous work mainly relied on manual monitoring of pests, which was labor-intensive and time-consuming. Recently, deep-learning-based pest detection methods have achieved remarkable improvements and can be used for automatic pest monitoring. However, there are two main obstacles in the task of pest detection. (1) Small pests often go undetected because much information is lost during the network training process. (2) The highly similar physical appearances of some categories of pests make it difficult to distinguish the specific categories for networks. To alleviate the above problems, we proposed the multi-category pest detection network (MCPD-net), which includes a multiscale feature pyramid network (MFPN) and a novel adaptive feature region proposal network (AFRPN). MFPN can fuse the pest information in multiscale features, which significantly improves detection accuracy. AFRPN solves the problem of anchor and feature misalignment during RPN iterating, especially for small pest objects. In extensive experiments on the multi-category pests dataset 2021 (MPD2021), the proposed method achieved 67.3% mean average precision (mAP) and 89.3% average recall (AR), outperforming other deep learning-based models.
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Morrison, William, Alexander Bruce, Rachel Wilkins, Chloe Albin, and Frank Arthur. "Sanitation Improves Stored Product Insect Pest Management." Insects 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10030077.
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There is a large suite of insects that attack anthropogenic agricultural goods after harvest. Proper sanitation programs for food facilities are now recognized as the foundation of good integrated pest management (IPM) programs for stored products throughout the post-harvest supply chain. While good sanitation programs are generally thought to reduce the abundance and diversity of insects, there has been less appreciation of the manifold ways that sanitation interacts with a range of other IPM tactics to modulate their efficacy. Here, we review the literature on how the effectiveness of chemical, physical/cultural, biological, and behaviorally-based control tactics varies with changes in sanitation. In addition, we discuss how sanitation may affect ongoing pheromone- and kairomone-based monitoring programs. Where possible, we quantitatively compile and analyze the impact of sanitation on the fold-change in the efficacy of IPM tactics. We found that decreased sanitation negatively affected the efficacy of most tactics examined, with a mean 1.3–17-fold decrease in efficacy under poorer sanitation compared to better sanitation. Sanitation had neutral or mixed impacts on a few tactics as well. Overall, the literature suggests that sanitation should be of the utmost importance for food facility managers concerned about the efficacy of a wide range of management tactics.
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Muharam, Farrah Melissa, Siti Aisyah Ruslan, Siti Liyana Zulkafli, Norida Mazlan, Nur Azura Adam, and Nor Azura Husin. "Remote Sensing Derivation of Land Surface Temperature for Insect Pest Monitoring." Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 16, no. 4 (September 15, 2017): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2017.160.171.
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Savoldelli, Sara, Costanza Jucker, Ezio Peri, Mokhtar Abdulsattar Arif, and Salvatore Guarino. "Necrobia rufipes (De Geer) Infestation in Pet Food Packaging and Setup of a Monitoring Trap." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090623.
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Necrobia rufipes (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), also known as the red-legged ham beetle, is a newly emerging pest of pet food stores, causing apprehension among producers worldwide. Concerns about this pest are exacerbated by the lack of information about infestation modalities in pet food, while specific monitoring tools are missing. Considering that adequate pet food packaging could limit N. rufipes infestations, information about the penetration modalities in commonly used pet food packaging is needed. Moreover, the development of appropriate monitoring instruments is urgent to detect pest presence early and to reduce chemical treatments for its control. In this paper, the adults’ and larvae’s ability to enter into pet food packaging was evaluated. Furthermore, to develop monitoring traps, behavioral bioassays were done: (1) testing two different commercial adhesive surfaces, one generally used in mouse glue traps (MG), and the other used in cockroach glue traps (CG), to evaluate their different abilities in avoiding insects’ escape; (2) screening different molecules, typical of the substrates attacked by N. rufipes, as candidate food attractants for this pest: methyl cyclopentenolone (MCP), squalene (SQ), and stearic acid (SA). The results show that N. rufipes adults and larvae enter into packaging through the air vent valves on the bottom, suggesting that a way to improve the packaging to prevent insect infestation would be to modify these points of weakness. Laboratory tests show that the different bioassayed glues have strong differences in the ability to retain the caught insects, with MG being more effective than CG. The behavioral bioassay indicated that MCP and SQ attract N. rufipes adults in olfactometer. Finally, the results of dual-choice arena bioassays show that among the candidate attractant tested, a mixture of pet food (PF) and MCP elicited the strongest attraction in N. rufipes adults. These results encourage further experiments with the use of an MG adhesive trap loaded with a mixture of PF+MCP to test the effectiveness of such a tool for monitoring N.rufipes in pet food industries and warehouses.
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Telfer, Zachariah, Jason Lemay, Mary Ruth McDonald, and Cynthia Scott-Dupree. "Evaluating the current integrated pest management recommendations in Canada for carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and carrot rust fly (Diptera: Psilidae)." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.16.
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AbstractThe primary insect pests in Canadian carrot production are carrot rust fly (Psila rosae (Fabricius); Diptera: Psilidae) and carrot weevil (Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte); Coleoptera: Curculionidae). An integrated pest management programme for these pests exists in Québec and Ontario, where most Canadian carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffmann) Schübler and Martens; Apiaceae) production occurs. As current carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations are decades old, laboratory and field trials were performed to evaluate the carrot insect integrated pest management recommendations. Carrot weevil populations were evaluated in the laboratory for resistance to the primary product used for control, phosmet. Ontario carrot weevils exhibited negligible mortality when exposed to phosmet compared with > 80% mortality in a susceptible strain. Using data from a carrot integrated pest management programme, weather data was correlated with monitoring and damage data of both pests from historical records. Increased carrot weevil captures were weakly related to increased damage. Carrot weevil damage was reduced by following integrated pest management recommendations in one of three trials. No strong relationship between weather and carrot rust fly captures was identified, suggesting the degree day model for carrot rust fly activity needs revision. In field trials, carrot rust fly damage was negligible despite integrated pest management recommendations for insecticide applications. Future research should include improving carrot weevil monitoring and control and increasing the carrot rust fly action threshold to optimise insecticide applications.
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Skvarla, Michael J., and Jeffrey D. Holland. "Nontarget Insects Caught on Emerald Ash Borer Purple Monitoring Traps in Western Pennsylvania." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/28.4.219.
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Abstract Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive beetle attacking North American ash trees (Fraxinus L. [Oleaceae]). Populations in infested areas are monitored with purple sticky traps. During summer 2008, we monitored nine pairs of purple traps and clear control traps to determine which other insect families are attracted to these traps and whether these traps might be used to monitor other pest insects. We argue that monitoring bycatch in these traps could greatly increase the potential of finding other invasive species.
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Sciarretta, Andrea, and Pasquale Calabrese. "Development of Automated Devices for the Monitoring of Insect Pests." Current Agriculture Research Journal 7, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.7.1.03.
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The monitoring of insect pests based on adult trapping systems is part of integrated pest management (IPM) in many crops and of early warning detection programs used to set up appropriate management decisions or eradication responses. Using data obtained from traps to make management decisions is not an easy task and involves significant costs in equipment, transport and labour. Thanks to the spread and the low prices of information and communication technologies, innovative automated capture devices including electronic sensors and connecting components are increasingly being developed, allow facing some of the current monitoring constraints in a context of IPM. In this paper, we illustrated the state of the art of this field and provide insights on automated devices, consisting of traps equipped with sensors and other components for the collection of data in the field and their transmission to a remote server accessible online, with information stored in geo-referenced databases. Optical sensors are mainly used for detecting photo-interruptions, images or optoacoustic spectrum of wingbeats. The monitoring systems can be equipped with software for image interpretation and identification of the caught target insect pest (fully automated system) or a remote operator can count the trapped insects by watching the images coming from the e-trap (semi-automated system). The software can integrate a decision support system (DSS) module, which provides information on the risk of infestation and the actions to be taken (when, where, how to make a control application). The development and future prospects of automated devices are discussed in relation to the technical reliability of the system, ease of use and costs compared to traditional monitoring methods.
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Savchuk, Ivan, and Nikolay Smolin. "Promising uses of LED lamps for monitoring insect populations as part of an integrated pest management approach." АгроЭкоИнфо 5, no. 53 (October 30, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202125522.
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The purpose of this study was to present the design and field test results of an LED lamp for integrated pest management. The light output of the LEDs was tuned to a specific wavelength of 350-370nm to optimize insect attraction and reduce energy consumption. An electronic circuit with control software is integrated into the lamp itself, which allows it to work offline, automatically detect day and night, control the battery charge using energy from a photovoltaic converter (solar panels), protect the battery from over-discharge and receive feedback on the working system state. During the growing season of insects, the LED lamp was installed in a video light trap in the fields of JSC PZ "Uchkhoz GAU of the Northern Trans-Urals", the total number of promoted insect pests was compared with the number collected in a conventional light trap equipped with a fluorescent fluorescent lamp with a power of 15 W and sticky cartridges. The total number of insects in the video light trap was about three times that of the conventional system. Keywords: VIDEO LIGHT TRAP, PESTS, LIGHT SOURCE, LUMINOUS FLUX, ELECTRONIC CONTROL
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Cai, Lijun, Sarina Macfadyen, Baozhen Hua, Haochuan Zhang, Wei Xu, and Yonglin Ren. "Identification of Biomarker Volatile Organic Compounds Released by Three Stored-Grain Insect Pests in Wheat." Molecules 27, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061963.
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Monitoring and early detection of stored-grain insect infestation is essential to implement timely and effective pest management decisions to protect stored grains. We report a reliable analytical procedure based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to assess stored-grain infestation through the detection of volatile compounds emitted by insects. Four different fibre coatings were assessed; 85 µm CAR/PDMS had optimal efficiency in the extraction of analytes from wheat. The headspace profiles of volatile compounds produced by Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius), and Sitophilus granarius (Linnaeus), either alone or with wheat, were compared with those of non-infested wheat grains. Qualitative analysis of chromatograms showed the presence of different volatile compound profiles in wheat with pest infestation compared with the wheat controls. Wheat-specific and insect-specific volatile compounds were identified, including the aggregation pheromones, dominicalure-1 and dominicalure-2, from R. dominica, and benzoquinones homologs from T. castaneum. For the first time, the presence of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone was reported from S. granarius, which might function as an alarm pheromone. These identified candidate biomarker compounds can be utilized in insect surveillance and monitoring in stored grain to safeguard our grain products in future.
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Im, Ik-Gyun, Seong-Duk Lim, and Gyu-Seong Han. "Real-time Monitoring of Temperature and Relative Humidity and Visualization of Pest Survey Data for Integrated Pest Management in Collection Storage Area." Journal of Conservation Science 37, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12654/jcs.2021.37.5.03.
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Temperature and humidity data collection using real-time sensors and data loggers was conducted for integrated pest management in the collection storage and exhibition space of the Jeongnimsaji Museum, Buyeo. The real-time temperature and humidity monitoring system collected measurement data every 30 minutes and enabled real-time confirmation of the data through a linked application. If the temperature and humidity data measured in the real-time temperature and humidity monitoring system exceeds the set range, a push notification was sent to the mobile phone of the person in charge to provide status information to establish a continuous management system. Through this, it was possible to immediately recognize and take action when the temperature range exceeded the recommended relic temperature in August. We performed data visualization on the concentration of airborne fungus in the storage area and the inflow path and density of insects. Based on the recommended criteria presented by the National Institute of Cultural Heritage, The data on the spatial and temporal concentration of airborne fungus inside the collection storage were found to be maintained at a value below the standard recommended by the National Institute of Cultural Heritage (80 CFU/m3). Also, as a result of the insect inflow survey, no insects were captured inside the storage area, and in the case of the exhibition space, insects such as Scutigera coleoptrata, Loxoblemmus arietulus, Diestrammena asynamora, Koreoniscus racovitzai were captured. Based on this, as a result of visualization according to the individual density of captured insects by area, it was confirmed that the main inflow paths of insects were the external entrance and the toilet area.
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Akassou, Imane, Livia Zapponi, Vincenzo Verrastro, Marco Ciolli, and Valerio Mazzoni. "Extending the vibroscape to agroecosystems: investigating the influence of abiotic factors and monitoring insect vibrational signaling." PeerJ 10 (November 17, 2022): e14143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14143.
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Environmental conditions are crucial factors that influence communication systems and affect animal behavior. Research in the field of biotremology has improved our understanding of insect behavior, ecology, and evolution. However, the interactions between vibrational signaling and environmental factors are less studied, mainly because of technical issues faced in field trials. We therefore developed and tested an approach to investigate the effect of abiotic factors on insect vibrational signaling and explored its implementation as a monitoring tool for insect vibrational signals, using a vineyard as an agroecosystem model. Our results showed a significant decrease in insect signaling activity during unsuitable conditions of high temperature and wind velocity. We determined for the first time, the daily signaling pattern of the two insect pests, Scaphoideus titanus and Halyomorpha halys, in natural conditions. Biotremology techniques could be profitably used to monitor not only the presence of target pest species but also the biodiversity associated with vibrational signaling insects. In particular, the method implemented in this study could be used as a tool to compare the quality of cultivated areas under different management systems.
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Raupp, Michael. "Monitoring: An Essential Factor to Managing Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 11, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1985.074.
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Monitoring is a critical component of pest management programs for trees and shrubs. The regular inspection of plant materials for insect, disease, and cultural problems allows the pest manager to pinpoint control actions. Trapping devices can detect the presence of pests in a location and provide information for the optimal timing of control actions. Environmental monitoring can be used to fine tune controls to local climatic regimes. Incorporating several monitoring techniques into management programs enables landscape plant managers to reduce unnecessary pesticide use. This approach helps create more cost-efficient pest control programs and satisfy the growing desire of clients to reduce the risk of pesticide exposure.
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Roman, Dbar, Kiriya Mikhail, and Romanova Natali. "New data on the monitoring of dangerous invasive insect species in Abkhazia." BIO Web of Conferences 35 (2021): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213500012.
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The article presents the monitoring data of the three most dangerous invasive insect species in the territory of Abkhazia: palm borer Paysandisia archon (Burmeister), boxwood moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker), red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). All of them penetrated into Abkhazia in the period from 2014 to 2016 from the Russian Federation. The penetration of invasive species is accompanied by serious ecological and economic consequences. Pest populations show resilience and expansion of forage plant infestation zones. To control pest populations, regular pesticide treatments are required for Buxus colchica boxwood stands, as well as for all types of trees used in the green architecture of Abkhazian cities.