To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Insect; Insects.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Insect; Insects'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Insect; Insects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gryj-Rubenstein, Ellen Orli. "Conflicting forces shaping reproductive strategies of plants : florivory and pollination /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5126.
Full text
2
Warwick, Stuart. "Nutritional regulation and spermatophylax donation in the mating system of Gryllodes sigillatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325532.
Full text
3
Demary, Kristian C. "Connecting pre- and post-mating episodes of sexual selection in Photinus greeni fireflies /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.Adviser: Sara M. Lewis. Submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
4
Jonsson, Mattias. "Dispersal ecology of insects inhabiting wood-decaying fungi /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000064/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2002.Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reprints three manuscripts and one published paper, three of which are co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; PDF version lacks abstract, ack., and appendix. One ill. in PDF version is in col.
5
Shadung, Kagiso Given. "Improving attractiveness of an insect pest through value-addition : A possible insect management strategy." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Turfloop campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/756.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.Sc. (Plant Protection)) --University of Limpopo, 2012Attractiveness of insect pest for use as sources of food may be improved by providing information on preservation and relevant nutritional value. Nutritional composition in edible insects may depend on drying method and/or vegetation (location). Influence of drying method and location on nutritional composition of the African metallic wood boring beetle (Sternocera orissa), widely consumed in certain rural communities of Limpopo Province, South Africa, was investigated. Randomised complete block design in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement was used with three drying methods (oven-drying, freeze drying, cooking method) and three locations (Khureng, Magatle, Ga-Masemola), with three replicates. Nutritional composition data were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Turkey Honestly Significant Differences (HSD) at 5 % level of significance. Relative to freeze-drying, oven-drying and cooking methods increased protein, carbohydrates, fat, energy, ash and dry matter content with the exception of cooking method, which decreased the moisture content. Compared to other locations, Ga-Masemola significantly increased fat and energy of the test beetle. Relative to the freeze-drying method, oven-drying and cooking increased (P ≤ 0.05) essential and non-essential amino acids. Location did not have significant effect on the essential and non-essential amino acids of S. orissa across all the villages. Similarly, oven-drying and cooking increased K, P, Fe, Zn and Mg. Compared to locations, Ga-Masemola increased (P ≤ 0.05) Fe of the test beetle. Results of the study suggested that oven-drying and cooking methods improved the nutritional composition of S. orissa, which has the potential of enhancing nutrition in marginal rural communities of Limpopo Province. Providing results of this study to rural communities through extension services has the potential of improving the attractiveness of this beetle to marginal communities, and thus, increasing harvesting and therefore, reduce insects population densities.
the Technology Innovation Agency (TIA) and the National Research Foundation
6
Ross, Sally Jane. "The phytophagous insect community on the Veld Fig, Ficus Burtt-Davyi Hutch." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005425.
Full textAbstract:
The quest for patterns in community organisation is a daunting task which may be made easier by concentrating on communities associated with a restricted range of resources and therefore of relative simplicity. Here, the phytophagous insect community on the African fig tree Ficus burtt-davyi Hutch. was studied in an attempt to gain some insight into the factors which influence the composition of insect herbivore communities at a very local level, on individual plants of one host species at a single location. The tree's phenological patterns were detennined, due to their relevance to herbivores, particularly those which are host-specific feeders. The trees exhibited inter-tree asynchrony and intra-tree synchrony in fruit crop initiation, whereas leaf production was synchronous both within and between trees. Sixteen frequently occurring phytophagous insect species fed on the 123 F. burtt-davyi trees in the study area over a period of one year. Factors with the potential to influence the composition of this community were investigated at levels of the whole community (species richness), the guild, and the individual species. At each 'level' the effects of the measured factors on fluctuations in community composition were investigated, both over time (i.e. temporally) and spatially from tree to tree. During the year the phytophage community was influenced largely by temperature, although rainfall and tree phenological changes did exert varying influences on the abundances of guilds and individual species. Tree to tree variation in species richness (and thus commensurately, in the frequencies of occurrence of guilds and individual species) was influenced primarily by tree architectural complexity. Architecturally more complex trees hosted a greater number of species, a relationship largely attributable to effects of passive sampling and within-tree microhabitat heterogeneity and/or the availability of living space. The distributions of the leaf and stem piercing species were strongly associated with the presence of ants and this relationship manifested itself within the community as a whole. The degree of isolation of trees had consequences for individual species and for overall species richness, with the numbers of species present decreasing as trees became more isolated. A detailed analysis of guild distributional patterns revealed that the most important influential factors were those also evident at the level of the whole community and that species within guilds were, on the whole, no more similar to one another with respect to their habitat preferences than species from different guilds. The grouping of species into functional units therefore threw no additional light on the way in which this community is organised. An analysis of possible interspecific interactions between all of the phytophagous species in the community revealed only positive associations, both between species within guilds and between those in different guilds. These were doubtless attributable to autocorrelation as a result of similar habitat preferences. Competition was therefore rejected as an organising force within the community.
7
Minakawa, Noburu. "The dynamics of aquatic insect communities associated with salmon spawning /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5496.
Full text
8
Maia, Patricia Surama Parise. "Resistência de genótipos de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) ao ataque de Opsiphanes invirae Hübner, 1808 (lepidoptera : nymphalidae) no Estado do Pará /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139437.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Arlindo Leal Boiça JuniorCoorientador: Ivan Carlos Fernandes Martins
Banca: Antonio Carlos Busoli
Banca: José Carlos Barbosa
Banca: Valter Arthur
Banca: José Roberto Scarpellini
Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve por objetivos estabelecer uma metodologia para criação de O. invirae e identificar genótipos de palma de óleo que apresentem fontes de resistência a esse inseto, nas categorias por não preferência para alimentação, antibiose e tolerância, sendo esta última baseada na produtividade após simulação de desfolha nas plantas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, exceto o teste de tolerância, o qual foi em condições de campo. Para a metodologia de criação, as lagartas foram criadas individualmente em placas de Petri até o quarto ínstar e posteriormente transferidas para recipientes maiores onde permaneceram até a emergência dos adultos. Foram utilizados 5 genótipos de palma de óleo para os testes de não preferência para alimentação, antibiose e tolerância, quais sejam: Deli x LaMe tratamento testemunha, Compacta x Ekona; Deli x Ekona; Compacta x Nigéria e Compacta x Ghana. Os testes com e sem chance de escolha, foram realizados com lagartas de O. invirae recém-eclodidas e com 12 dias de idade. Foram avaliados o consumo e a atratividade a 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 e 30 minutos e 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, após a liberação dos insetos. No teste de antibiose, as lagartas de O. invirae foram alimentadas com folíolos dos cinco genótipos até o final da fase larval. No teste de tolerância, os genótipos foram submetidos a desfolha simulada, ou seja, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%. Avaliando a produção por 14 meses após a desfolha. O ciclo de vida desde o ovo até a ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research aimed to establish a methodology for creating O. invirae and identify genotypes palm oil presenting this insect resistance sources in the categories by not feeding preference, antibiosis and tolerance, the latter being based on productivity simulation after defoliation in plants. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory, but the tolerance test, which was under field conditions. For the creation of methodology, the caterpillars were reared individually in Petri dishes until the fourth instar and then transferred to larger containers where they remained until the emergence of adults. 5 oil palm genotypes were used for the test no preference for food, antibiosis and tolerance, which are: Deli x Lame control treatment, Compact x Ekona; Deli x Ekona; Compact x Nigeria and Compact x Ghana. The tests with and without choice, were carried out with crawler O. invirae newly hatched and 12 days old. They were evaluated consumption and attractiveness to 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the release of the insects. In antibiosis test, Crawler O. invirae were fed leaflets of the five genotypes by the end of the larval stage. In the tolerance test, the genotypes were simulated peeling, is, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Evaluating production for 14 months after defoliation. The life cycle from egg to the emergence of O. invirae adult was completed in 64.59 days. In the test free choice, the most attractive genotypes were Compacta x ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
9
Burkett, Nathan Daniel Mullen Gary R. "Comparative study of gravid-trap infusions for capturing blood-fed mosquitoes (diptera : culicidae) of the genera Aedes, Ochlerotatus, and Culex." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/BURKETT_NATHAN_18.pdf.
Full text
10
Higgins, Charlene J. "Spatial distribution and reproductive biology of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29873.
Full textAbstract:
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), are haplodiploids. Virgin females produce sons parthenogenetically but must be mated to produce daughters. As a result, primary and secondary (adult) sex ratios can diverge from the 1:1 ratio commonly observed in diploid systems. Field studies were conducted to examine the spatial distribution of WFT on two greenhouse crops, Bell peppers, Capsicum annuum (Linn.) and Long English cucumbers, Cucumis sativus (Linn.) to determine if there was a correlation between sex ratio and density. Leaf and flower samples were taken weekly. All adult and immature WFT were counted and sex of adults determined. Yellow sticky traps were used to monitor density and sex ratio of the dispersing adult population. Lab studies were also done to investigate if male availability affected the sex ratio and number of offspring produced by individual females. Laboratory experiments were done to assess the effects of sperm availability and maternal age on sex ratio of progeny produced.
On both crops, 84 to 95 % of adult WFT in flowers were females and most larvae (> 85 %) were found on leaves. Male WFT were rare on all plant parts even when caught in high numbers on traps. Approximately 75 % of females found on plants in the greenhouse were mated. Most (70 - 90 %) WFT on traps at low densities (< 200 individuals/trap) were males. This suggests that WFT populations are initiated by virgin females that likely overwintered as pseudopupae in the greenhouse. These females initially produce only sons, and may have to wait for these to emerge before they mate and produce daughters. As WFT density within a greenhouse increases, females are probably mated soon after emergence. Sex ratio of adults on traps becomes more female biased as density increases within a greenhouse. Heavily female biased (> 65 %) sex ratios were found on traps at high population densities (> 200 individuals/trap). Sex ratio
of adults on traps remained male biased in the pepper greenhouse (WL) where the population density of WFT remained low. Information regarding within-plant distribution of thrips is essential for population monitoring and control. Used together, regular examination of flowers and counts of adults on sticky traps allow quick detection of potential "hot spots" of WFT density. Sex ratio and density are highly correlated. Sex ratio of the dispersing adult population is a good predictor of outbreak potential of the extant WFT population.
Two WFT predators found in greenhouses were also monitored to document their effects on WFT population density and sex ratio. Mass introductions of the predatory mite, Amblysieus cucumeris, did not successfully control WFT in most greenhouses monitored. A natural infestation of pirate bugs, Orius tristicolor occurred in the only pepper house monitored. WFT density remained low throughout the growing season. O. tristicolor shows promise for future use in integrated pest management programs designed to control F. occidentalis in commercial greenhouses.
Lab studies showed that sex ratio of offspring produced by mated females was influenced by sperm supply and maternal age. Mated females produced sons and daughters which suggests that females control sex of offspring produced through selective fertilization. Once mated, two-thirds of offspring produced are females. Older females produced fewer daughters than younger females.
A principle conclusion from this study is that sex ratio of the WFT population within a greenhouse can be used to predict future population dynamics. Male availability may be the most important factor affecting the number of daughters produced by individual females which in turn may determine the potential of WFT populations to increase.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
11
Winskill, Peter. "Evaluation of transgenic insects for use in the control of insect-borne disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45393.
Full textAbstract:
The burden of many vector-borne diseases remains high and for some, such as dengue fever, continues to rise. It is estimated that up to half of the global population is at risk from dengue. Treatment of dengue fever is currently limited to case management and there are, at present, no licensed vaccines available. As a result, the front-line defence against dengue fever remains vector control. Modern approaches to vector control are attempting to push forward new techniques to target the mosquito vectors of dengue. One such technique is the release of transgenic insects that are genetically sterile due to a conditional dominant lethal gene. This modern adaptation of the traditional sterile insect technique is at the forefront of current new vector control solutions. The success of a vector control effort using releases of transgenic insects relies on the technology being efficacious as well as effective in the field. To ensure the effectiveness of field-released sterile insects a deep knowledge of the mosquito biology and ecology must be combined with site-specific, logistical and cost considerations. In order to maximise the potential of this technology the field releases of these insects must be optimised. This work includes a specific focus on the exploration of the dynamics of releasing different life stages, investigations into the biology and ecology of the released insects and the development of applied methodology relating to the release and monitoring of transgenic insects. Novel vector control techniques, such as the use of transgenic insects, have an important role to play in addressing the emergence and spread of dengue fever. In order to utilise these technologies to their full potential they must be optimised to maximise their effectiveness. In this thesis I present work towards this optimisation.
12
Lomaliza, Kanda. "An insect-food reactor for human food supply." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22364.
Full text
13
McGinley, Susan. "Iron Metabolism in Humans and Insects: Implications For Human Health and For Insect Control." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622261.
Full text
14
Beal, Benjamin D., and Benjamin D. Beal. "Using Insects for STEM Outreach: Development and Evaluation of the UA Insect Discovery Program." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622902.
Full textAbstract:
Science and technology impact most aspects of modern daily life. It is therefore important to create a scientifically literate society. Since the majority of Americans do not take college-level science courses, strong K-12 science education is essential. At the K-5 level, however, many teachers lack the time, resources and background for effective science teaching. Elementary teachers and students may benefit from scientist-led outreach programs created by Cooperative Extension or other institutions. One example is the University of Arizona Insect Discovery Program, which provides short-duration programing that uses insects to support science content learning, teach critical thinking and spark interest in science. We conducted evaluations of the Insect Discovery programming to determine whether the activities offered were accomplishing program goals. Pre-post tests, post program questionnaires for teachers, and novel assessments of children’s drawings were used as assessment tools. Assessments were complicated by the short duration of the program interactions with the children as well as their limited literacy. In spite of these difficulties, results of the pre-post tests indicated a significant impact on content knowledge and critical thinking skills. Based on post-program teacher questionnaires, positive impacts on interest in science learning were noted as much as a month after the children participated in the program. New programming and resources developed to widen the potential for impact are also described.
15
Weaver, David K. (David Keith). "The role of selected frass chemicals and cuticular lipid components in the orientation of certain larval Tenebrionidae /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74340.
Full textAbstract:
The larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linne and Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) both aggregated upon substrates treated with aqueous extracts of conspecific larval frass. Lactic acid is a pheromone in the frass of both species. Alphitobius larvae were attracted to lactic acid, while lactic acid caused Tenebrio larvae to arrest.Propionic acid is a repellent pheromone present in Tenebrio frass, but the lactic acid-induced response is dominant. The role of these chemical factors in population orientation of the larvae of these mealworm species is discussed.
The cuticular lipids of the larvae of both species contained close-range attractants that had a role in aggregate formation. The Tenebrio cuticular lipid pheromone is predominately 8,9-pentacosanediol. The Alphitobius cuticular pheromone is a mixture of at least two compounds.
The ecological preferences of these larvae suggested that these aggregation pheromones increased the density of individuals per unit volume. This increased density had varying effects on the physiological development of Tenebrio individuals.
16
Nseiri, Sony M. "Prothoracicotropic hormone in the insect, Rhodnius prolixus source in the brain and control of rhythmic release /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43394.pdf.
Full text
17
Clifton, Katherine M. "The effect on transcriptional activity of mutations that alter possible phosphorylation sites in Drosophila melanogaster ultraspiracle (USP)." Greensboro, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. http://libres.uncg.edu/edocs/etd/1498Clifton/umi-uncg-1498.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 3, 2008). Directed by Vincent C. Henrich; submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-46).
18
Srivastava, Diane Sheila. "Ecological evolutionary limits of local species richness." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244120.
Full text
19
D'Avila, Márcia. "Insetos visitantes florais em áreas de cerradão e cerrado sensu stricto no estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-24012007-155752/.
Full textAbstract:
Com o objetivo de conhecer a composição dos insetos e das plantas visitadas nas áreas de cerradão e cerrado sensu stricto, da Estação Experimental de Itirapina, SP, foram realizadas amostragens sistemáticas dos insetos nas plantas, no período de março de 2003 a fevereiro de 2004. Do total de insetos coletados nas flores, 63,3% e 63,8% são da ordem Hymenoptera, 17,1% e 2,5% da ordem Lepidoptera, 16% e 19,5% da ordem Coleoptera e 3,6% e 12,8% da ordem Diptera, respectivamente, para as áreas de cerradão e cerrado sensu stricto, e 1,4% para Hemiptera-Heteroptera no cerrado sensu stricto. A maioria dos insetos coletados, visitando e/ou forrageando, nas duas áreas, foi no período da manhã, exceto os dípteros que preferiram o período da tarde. Na área de cerradão as espécies dominantes de Hymenoptera foram: Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) sp. e Trigona spinipes; de Lepidoptera foram: Aeria olena e Ithomia agnosia; de Coleoptera foram: Nycterodina sp. e Spintherophyta sp.. Já na área de cerrado sensu stricto os hymenópteros dominantes foram: Apis mellifera, Exomalopsis cf. analis, Tetrapedia rugulosa, Trigona spinipes e Pepsis sp., para Coleoptera foram: Spintherophyta sp., Compsus sp. e Epitragus similis; para Diptera foram: Eristalis sp. e Ornidia obesa. A família Apidae foi a mais rica em espécies e abundância, nas duas áreas de cerrado, seguindo o padrão geral encontrado em outras áreas neotropicais até o momento estudadas, apresentando muitas espécies com poucos indivíduos e poucas espécies com muitos indivíduos. Quanto a composição da flora, em ordem decrescente, as famílias Asteraceae, Melastomataceae, Apocynaceae, Malpighiaceae e Rubiaceae foram as mais representativas na área de cerradão. Na área de cerrado sensu stricto as famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae e Myrtaceae. As espécies vegetais com maior percentual de insetos visitantes na área de cerradão foram Diplosodon virgatus (Lythraceae), Daphnopsis racemosa (Thymelaeaceae) e Borreria verticillata (Rubiaceae), e no cerrado sensu stricto foram Ocotea pulchella (Lauraceae) e Miconia rubiginosa (Melastomataceae). A família Apidae foi a que visitou maior número de espécies botânicas, seguida por Nymphalidae, Chrysomelidae, Halictidae e Vespidae, na área de cerradão. No cerrado sensu stricto foram Apidae, Syrphidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Halictidae, Vespidae e Pompilidae. Dos insetos dominantes, Apis mellifera foi a que visitou o maior número de espécies de plantas, seguida de Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) sp., Aeria olena e Trigona spinipes, no cerradão; e no cerrado sensu stricto foram Apis mellifera, Trigona spinipes, Exomalopsis cf. analis e Tetrapedia rugulosa.Systematic samplings of insects on plants were carried out with the aim of studying the insect composition and visited plants in cerradao and cerrado areas stricto sensus at the Experimental Station of Itirapina ? SP between March 2003 and February 2004. Considering all insects collected on flowers in the cerradao and cerrado areas stricto sensus , 63.3% and 63.8% were Hymenoptera, 17.1% and 2.5% were Lepidoptera, 16.0% and 19.5% were Coleoptera and 3.6% and 12.8% were Diptera, respectively, while in the cerrado stricto sensus 1.4% were Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Most insects collected were visiting and/or foraging in the areas during the morning, except for diptera, which preferred the afternoon period. The dominant species within each order in the cerradao area were: Hymenoptera - Apis mellifera, Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) sp. and Trigona spinipes; Lepidoptera - Aeria olena and Ithomia agnosia; Coleoptera - Nycterodina sp. and Spintherophyta sp.. In the cerrado area stricto sensus the dominant species were: Hymenoptera - Apis mellifera, Exomalopsis cf. analis, Tetrapedia rugulosa, Trigona spinipes and Pepsis sp.; Coleoptera - Spintherophyta sp., Compsus sp. and Epitragus similis; Diptera - Eristalis sp. and Ornidia obesa. The Apidae Family was the richest in species and most abundant in both cerrado areas, following the general pattern of other Neotropical areas already studied, with many species with few individuals and few species with many individuals. Regarding the floristic composition, the most representative families in the cerradao area were, in order, Asteraceae, Melastomataceae, Apocynaceae, Malpighiaceae and Rubiaceae. Families with most species in the cerrado area stricto sensus were Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae and Myrtaceae. The plant species in the cerradao area with the greatest percentage of visiting insects were Diplosodon virgatus (Lythraceae), Daphnopsis racemosa (Thymelaeaceae) and Borreria verticillata (Rubiaceae), while in the cerrado stricto sensus they were Ocotea pulchella (Lauraceae) and Miconia rubiginosa (Melastomataceae). The Apidae family was the one visiting most plant species in the cerradao area, followed by Nymphalidae, Chrysomelidae, Halictidae and Vespidae families, while in the cerrado stricto sensus the families visiting most plant species were Apidae, Syrphidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Halictidae, Vespidae and Pompilidae. Apis mellifera was the species among the dominant insects of the cerradao area which visited the greatest number of plant species, followed by Exomalopsis (Exomalopsis) sp., Aeria olena and Trigona spinipes. In the cerrado stricto sensus the insect species that visited the greatest number of plants were Apis mellifera, Trigona spinipes, Exomalopsis cf. analis and Tetrapedia rugulosa.
20
Groli, Eder Licieri. "Seleção de genótipos de soja com alto potencial agronômico e resistência ao complexo de percevejos /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144644.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sandra Helena Unêda TrevisoliCoorientador: Antonio Orlando Di Mauro
Coorientador: Antonio Sergio Ferraudo
Banca: Ivana Marino Bárbaro Torneli
Banca: Fabiana Mota da Silva
Resumo: A soja apresenta grande importância econômica para o Brasil, sendo considerada a principal cultura do sistema agrícola brasileiro. No entanto, está sujeita a grandes interferências externas durante todo o seu ciclo, as quais podem afetar consideravelmente seu desempenho produtivo. O ataque de insetos pragas se caracteriza como um dos principais problemas a ser solucionado, em especial, o chamado complexo de percevejos, o qual ataca diretamente às sementes durante o período de enchimento e maturação, depreciando a qualidade das mesmas. Assim sendo, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar linhagens de soja obtidas a partir de hibridações artificiais entre cultivares de soja com resistência ao complexo de percevejos e elevado potencial agronômico, buscando identificar possíveis genótipos que apresentem simultaneamente os bons atributos de ambos os genitores, além de identificar quais os caracteres que melhor auxiliam na seleção de genótipos resistentes ao complexo de percevejos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no ano agrícola 2014/15, em delineamento experimental alfa-látice 16x16, utilizando 256 genótipos de soja sob infestação natural do complexo de percevejos. Foram avaliados os caracteres altura de planta na maturidade, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de dias para a maturação, valor agronômico, retenção foliar, produtividade de grãos, peso de sementes boas, porcentagem de sementes boas, peso de cem sementes, número de ramos por planta, número de vagens por planta e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Soybean has great agricultural and economic importance to Brazil, being the main culture of the Brazilian agricultural system. However, the productive performance of soybean is greatly affected by external interferences throughout the production cycle. The attack of pests is characterized as one of the main problems to be solved, especially the stink bug complex, which directly attacks the seeds during the filling and maturation, lowering soybean quality. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluated soybean lines derived from artificial crosses between soybean cultivars with resistance to stink bug complex and high agronomic potential, aiming to identify possible genotypes that inherited the good traits of both parents, and which traits best assist in the selection of genotypes resistant to stink bug complex. The experiment was carried out in the 2014/15 growing season, using an alpha-lattice experimental design 16x16 and 256 genotypes of soybean naturally infested with the stink bug complex. The agronomic traits evaluated were: plant height at maturity, height of the first pod insertion, number of days to maturity, agronomic value, leaf retention, grain yield, good seeds weight, good seed percentage, one hundred-seeds weight, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant and number of reproductive nodes. Thirty-three genotypes were resistant to the stink bug complex and performed well regarding agronomically important traits. The traits grain yield, good seed weight, good seed percentage, leaf retention and one hundred-seeds weight can be used for indirect selection of genotypes resistant to the stink bug complex
Mestre
21
Lorraine, Debrah F. "Oxidation of plant allelochemicals by phytophagous sucking insects." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl876.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Addendum in pocket. Biblography: leaves 162-173. Phytophagous sucking insects, aphids in particular, are common pests of plants. These insects secrete salivary enzymes into their food material. One plant defence mechanism is the induction and/or accumulation of deterrent phytochemicals. In the present study, a model enzyme system was chosen to mimic the oxidative activity of insect saliva. Isolation and sructural identification of the products of plant allelochemicals was achieved for several substrates. Insects were also exposed to individual plant chemicals in feeding "choice" tests. Preliminary examinations suggest that plants containing increased levels of phenolic allelochemicals show correlated increases in resistance to attack by aphids.
22
Groen, Simon Cornelis. "Manipulation of plant-insect interactions by insect-borne plant viruses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648187.
Full text
23
Smith, Ethan A. "Is everything connected? following the predators, pests, and plants within a no-till, western Montana agroecosystem /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2006. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12212006-142245/.
Full text
24
Cerqueira, Nicole. "Pollinator visitation preference on native and non-native congeneric plants." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 2.91 Mb., 84 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428175.
Full text
25
McNett, Gabriel Dion. "Noise and signal transmission properties as agents of selection in the vibrational communication environment." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4677.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 25, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
26
Riveros, Rivera Andre J. "Body Size and the Neural, Cognitive and Sensory Basis of Sociality in Bees." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145712.
Full textAbstract:
Body size is a universal property affecting biological structure and function, from cell metabolism to animal behavior. The nervous system, the physical generator of behavior, is also affected by variations in body size; hence potentially affecting the way animals perceive, interpret and react to the environment. When animals join to form groups, such individual differences become part of the structure of the society, even determining social roles. Here, I explore the association between body size, behavior and social organization in honeybees and bumblebees. Focusing on bumblebees, I explore the link between body size, brain allometry and learning and memory performance, within the context of task specialization. I show that body size goes along with brain size and with learning and memory performance, and that foraging experience affects such cognitive and neural features. Next, I explore the association between body size and foraging task specialization in honeybees. Previous evidence showed a link between specialization on pollen or nectar foraging and sensory sensitivity, further associating sensitivity to the quality and/or quantity of resource exploited. I hypothesize that, as in solitary bees, larger body size is associated with higher sensory sensitivity. I test this hypothesis by comparing body size and the quality and quantity of the resource exploited by wild Africanized and European honeybees. I show that nectar foragers are smaller and have fewer olfactory sensilla, which might underlie their lower sensitivity to odors. Also, larger bees collect more pollen (within pollen foragers) and more dilute nectar (within nectar foragers). To further test this `size hypothesis', I compare strains of bees selected to store large ("high strain") or small ("low strain") amounts of pollen surplus. As these strains differ in sensory sensitivity, I predict that the more sensitive high strain bees are larger and have more sensory sensilla. I show that high strain bees are generally bigger, but have fewer sensory sensilla than low strain bees. These results show that in bees, body size is associated with an individual's sensory, neural and cognitive features, further suggesting that body size plays a more important role in the organization of bee societies than generally assumed.
27
Banks, John E. "The effects of landscape heterogeneity on insect populations : a study of pattern and scale /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5166.
Full text
28
Gavloski, John E. "Insect-specific responses of Brassica napus and Sinapis alba to herbivory by several species of insects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ31983.pdf.
Full text
29
Hunt, Brendan G. "Molecular evolution in the social insects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43655.
Full textAbstract:
Social insects are ecologically dominant because of their specialized, cooperative castes. Reproductive queens lay eggs, while workers take part in brood rearing, nest defense, and foraging. These cooperative castes are a prime example of phenotypic plasticity, whereby a single genetic code gives rise to variation in form and function based on environmental differences. Thus, social insects are well suited for studying mechanisms which give rise to and maintain phenotypic plasticity.
At the molecular level, phenotypic plasticity coincides with the differential expression of genes. This dissertation examines the molecular evolution of genes with differential expression between discrete phenotypic or environmental contexts, represented chiefly by female queen and worker castes in social insects. The studies included herein examine evolution at three important levels of biological information: (i) gene expression, (ii) modifications to DNA in the form of methylation, and (iii) protein-coding sequence.
From these analyses, a common theme has emerged: genes with differential expression among castes frequently exhibit signatures of relaxed selective constraint relative to ubiquitously expressed genes. Thus, genes associated with phenotypic plasticity paradoxically exhibit modest importance to overall fitness but exceptional evolutionary potential, as illustrated by the success of the social insects.
30
McNamee, Peter James. "The equilibrium structure and behavior of defoliating insect systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27439.
Full textAbstract:
Defoliating insect systems, defined for the purposes of this thesis as being composed of insects which defoliate forest trees and the species with which they interact, such as their host trees and their natural enemy complexes, exhibit
a wide variety of population behaviors. Similarly, a number of theories and models have been proposed to explain these behaviors. These theories emphasize the importance of different ecological processes, often concentrate on the defoliator and overlook the importance of other components. Also, much of the current understanding of the dynamics of these systems has come from forest pest research and management
programs, tailored towards specific pest problems and often very short term in nature.
This thesis develops and begins to test a general approach for the local dynamics of defoliating insect systems.
This framework outlines the system components that are necessary to predict the behavior of defoliating insect systems. It includes ways in which the equilibrium structure
of defoliating insect systems, defined as the number of equilibria for each system component, the population levels at which the equilibria occur, and the processes creating the equilibria, might be found. The framework also includes methods of inducing the qualitative behavior of these sys- terns, defined as the periodicity of defoliator outbreaks, the length of outbreaks, and the dynamics of other important system components between, during, and in the decline of defoliator outbreaks.
The study begins with a detailed literature review of historical theories of defoliating insect system behavior and of the documented behavior patterns of these systems. Major classes of behavior are identified, as well as the various ecological processes which have been invoked to explain these behaviors. An analysis and documentation of the equilibrium structure and behavior of three defoliating defoliating insect systems, the eastern blackheaded budworm, the eastern spruce budworm, and the jack pine sawfly, are then used to develop general rules about how equilibrium structure and behavior can be explained. This analysis, coupled with the literature review, is used to develop the framework. The framework is then tested against historical defoliator population data and general syntheses of defoliating
insect system research to assess its utility and predictability.
The major results of the thesis are as follows. First, it appears that the structure and behavior of a defoliating insect system can be explained with five dynamic variables: the abundances of the defoliator; the foliage; the forest; the parasitoid; and the disease; and the effects of weather acting on the defoliator. Second, there appear to be 4 classes of defoliating insect system behavior. Third, the behavior that a defoliating insect system will exhibit seems to be determined by the magnitude of weather effects on defoliator survival and recruitment, the parasitoid numerical
response to changing defoliator densities, the disease numerical response to changing defoliator densities, and the vulnerability of the forest to defoliation. Fourth, there seem to be four equilibrium structures the defoliator can exhibit, and one each for the parasitoid, the foliage, the forest, and the disease. Finally, the framework suggests that defoliating insect system structure and behavior can be induced with a particular, well-defined set of information.
The framework is successful when applied to particular defoliating insect systems for explaining their behavior, but less successful in explaining defoliator equilibrium structure for other systems. Opportunities for more thorough testing of the framework exist if the particular types of data outlined above are gathered for defoliating insect systems. This lack of data for testing the framework make it currently difficult to clearly define those systems in which the framework is useful and those systems in which it is not. Experiments to test the framework are described and suggestions for future types of applied research on defoliating insect systems are presented.Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
31
Johnson, Scott Nicholas. "Indirect impacts on a phytophagous insect of birch : the role of fungal phytopathogens & leaf-mining insects." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423738.
Full text
32
Higton, Roger Newell. "Studies in gall induction with special reference to the pontania-salix system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d8b9b0c4-8734-46b4-a5b6-f8dd01290954.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation was conducted into gall induction in the leaves of Salix fragilis L. var. russelliana (Sm.) Koch by Pontania proxima (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). The work was divided into four parts:- a) Reviews of the available literature were undertaken on: hypotheses concerning cecidogenesis of galls initiated by insects, the history of cecidology as it related to galls formed by insects, the ontogeny and morphology of galls produced by sawflies, ecological aspects of gall biology and the effects of galling on the host plant. b) Methods of rearing both insect and host were established; these resulted in an extension of the insect's flight period from five to eight months with three broods per year instead of the usual two. Further work established the topological specificity of oviposition. Preliminary studies were completed on the tissue culture of Salix leaf-disc explants and the fusion of protoplasts released from normal and galled tissue. c) Using light and electron microscopy, a study was made of the reproductive system and associated glands of Pontania proxima females, together with the first stages of the procecidium they initiated. Using these techniques, no microorganisms, viral or otherwise, were observed in the gall, in the lumina of the reproductive system and associated glands or in surrounding tissues of the insect. Evidence for a secretory role for the lateral oviducts was found. A structure termed the vaginal valve was described and it was hypothesized that this functioned to separate the fluids produced by the accessory glands from the contents of the oviduct, until oviposition. In the plant, it was observed that the gall effect was limited and that the presence of an egg or larva was not required for the formation of a procecidium. Gall growth was mainly due to periclinal divisions of the provascular tissues of the leaf. d) A bioassay, based on microinjection techniques, was developed .This demonstrated that the cecidogen was contained in the colleterial fluid produced by the accessory glands. Further analysis showed that the cecidogen had a molecular weight of less that 3 kDa.
33
Clark, Maxwell Maitland. "The host-searching behaviour of coccophagus atratus compere (Aphalinidae: hymenoptera)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004923.
Full textAbstract:
The host-searching behaviour of the parasitoid Coccophagus atratus Compere was investigated. C. atratus parasitoids have unusual host relationships. Female offspring develop in scale insects but male offspring develop hyperparasitically on their conspecific females, or on other parasitoid species. C. atratus females, therefore, must locate, identify and oviposit into two different types of hosts. A primary aim of this thesis, was to identify when and how the behaviour of a female, searching for hosts suitable for female offspring, differed from that of a female searching for hosts suitable for male offspring. This was done by investigating and comparing the behaviour of virgin and mated females. Virgin females can lay only male eggs while mated females can lay both male and female eggs. The role of plant odours and host odours in attracting C. atratus females to the host habitat and to their scale insect hosts was examined with the aid of an olfactometer. Field observations, to test the validity of results obtained in laboratory experiments, indicated that C. atratus females do not search initially for for their hosts' food plants, but search directly for hosts. Only when hosts were physically located did the behaviour of virgin and mated females differ. Recognition cues used by the females to distinguish between the two types of hosts were identified. Finally, the implications of results obtained were discussed in relation to ecological and evolutionary aspects of heteronomous parasitoid biology.
34
Hannunen, Salla Ekbom Barbara. "Trivial movements and redistribution of polyphagous insect herbivores in heterogeneous vegetation /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000167/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2003.Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of four papers and manuscripts, two co-authored with Barbara Ekbom. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix of papers.
35
Ferry, Natalie. "Effects of insect resistant transgenic plants on target and non-target insects at the bitrophic and tritrophic levels." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399318.
Full text
36
Chang, Gary C. "Ecological interaction among natural enemies and its consequences for biological control /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5205.
Full text
37
Kerns, David L., and John C. Palumbo. "Confirm and Success: New Tools for Insect Management in Cole Crops and Leafy Green Vegetables in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146759.
Full text
38
Michaud, Michael Robert. "Molecular physiology of insect low temperature stress responses." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1172184329.
Full text
39
Byington, Sarah. "Antibiotic resistant enterococci in laboratory reared stored-product insect species and their diets." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32906.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
Bhadriraju Subramanyam
Hulya Dogan
Stored-product insects and stored products from feed mills and swine farms contain antibiotic and potentially virulent Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Enterococcus hirae. Stored-product insects can serve as potential vectors of these enterococci which possess antibiotic resistance genes that can be spread by horizontal transfer to more serious human pathogens. In the present study, the species and concentration of enterococci from adults and larvae of key stored-product insects and insect diets and their antibiotic resistance profile were characterized. Adults of five species out of the 15 stored-product insects were tested positive for enterococci, and these included Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Sitophilus granarius (L.), Stegobium paniceum (L.), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Three enterococcal species (E. casseliflavus, E. faecalis, and E. faecium) were found in 53 to 97% of the 30 adults screened for each insect species, and the enterococcal concentrations ranged from 1.4 x 10³ to 3.1 x 10⁶ CFU/adult. About 10 to 100% of the mature larvae of the respective five insect species had these three enterococcal species with concentrations ranging from 0.3 x 10¹ to 1.4 x 10⁵ CFU/larvae. Only three of the eight insect diets screened had the same three enterococci species in addition to E. gallinarum and E. hirae at concentrations of 0.2 x 10¹ to 5.9 x 10³ CFU/g. The greatest enterococcal concentration was found in C. maculatus adults but not in their larvae or diet (cowpeas). In C. maculatus during a nine-day period after adult eclosion, the enterococcal concentrations increased exponentially from 0.6 x 10¹ to a maximum of 4.1 x 10⁷ CFU/adult. Enterococci were detected in the fecal material of C. maculatus during a four-day period with a maximum concentration of 3.3 x 10³ CFU/adult on the fourth day. A total of 298 enterococcal isolates from adults, larvae, and diets were represented by E. faecalis (51.7% of the total), E. faecium (19.1%), E. casseliflavus (18.8%), E. gallinarum (5.7%), and E. hirae (4.7%). Enterococci were phenotypically resistant to quinupristin (51.3% of the total), erythromycin (38.9%), tetracycline (30.1%), enrofloxacin (29.2%), doxycycline (11.5%), and tigecycline (2.7%). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and vancomycin.
40
Currano, Ellen Diane. "Variations in insect herbivory on angiosperm leaves through the late Paleocene and early Eocene in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA /." View online, 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-2863/Thesis_Currano_final.pdf.
Full text
41
Mayberry, J. H. "The energetics of foraging insects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382293.
Full text
42
Real, Perdomo Maria [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Fichter, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Siebenhüner. "The insect economy: sustainable business opportunities based on insects as biological resources / Maria Real Perdomo ; Klaus Fichter, Bernd Siebenhüner." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176106554/34.
Full text
43
Perdomo, Maria Real [Verfasser], Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Fichter, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Siebenhüner. "The insect economy: sustainable business opportunities based on insects as biological resources / Maria Real Perdomo ; Klaus Fichter, Bernd Siebenhüner." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176106554/34.
Full text
44
Cheng, Xinhua. "The Effects of AcMNPV fp25k Mutations on Very Late Gene Expression and Virion Occlusion in Insects and Insect Cells." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1343437161.
Full text
45
Sehgal, Blossom. "Stored-grain insect management with insecticides: evaluation of empty- bin and grain treatments against insects collected from Kansas farms." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15528.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
Bhadriraju Subramanyam
The insecticides, β-cyfluthrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl plus deltamethrin, are approved in the United States for treating empty bin surfaces. Chlorpyrifos-methyl plus deltamethrin and spinosad insecticides are approved for direct treatment of wheat. The efficacy of commercial formulations of β-cyfluthrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl plus deltamethrin at labeled rates was evaluated against adults of 16 field strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst); seven strains of sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.); and two strains of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). Concrete arenas in plastic Petri dishes (9 cm diameter) were used to simulate the concrete floor of empty bins. The time for ~100% knockdown and mortality of adults of laboratory strains of the three species was first established by exposing them to insecticide-treated concrete surfaces for 1 to 24 h. Adults of field strains of each species were exposed to specific established insecticide-time combinations. Mortality of all species was lower than knockdown, suggesting recovery after seven days when placed on food. Chlorpyrifos-methyl plus deltamethrin did not control all R. dominica and most O. ]surinamensis field strains. β-cyfluthrin was extremely effective against R. dominica but ineffective against T. castaneum and O. surinamensis field strains, even at four times the high labeled rate. Field strains of R. dominica were highly susceptible to spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl plus deltamethrin at labeled rates on hard red winter wheat. Strains of T. castaneum and O. surinamensis were susceptible only to the latter insecticide. Dose-response tests with spinosad on the two least susceptible field strains of each species showed the lethal dose for 99% mortality (LD[subscript]99) for T. castaneum and R. dominica field strains were similar to that of the corresponding laboratory strains. Corresponding values for the two O. surinamensis field strains were significantly greater (~6 times) than the laboratory strain. The effective dose for progeny reduction (ED[subscript]99) of only one R. dominica field strain was significantly greater (~2 times) than that of the laboratory strain. The baseline susceptibility data of field strains of three insect species to spinosad will be useful for monitoring resistance development once this product is commercially released as a grain protectant.
46
Walker, Simon M. "Insect flight : kinematics and aerodynamics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670125.
Full text
47
Hector, Andrew. "Insect herbivory on herbaceous legumes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243564.
Full text
48
Terry, L. Irene. "Control of Early Season Insects." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204085.
Full text
49
Santos, Luan Alberto Odorizzi dos. "Contribution of marginal non-crop vegetation and semi-natural habitats to the regulation of insect pest populations by their natural enemies /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150943.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Odair Aparecido FernandesCoorientador: Armin Bischoff
Banca: Pierre Franck
Banca: Daniel Junior de Andrade
Banca: Olivier Blight
Banca: Raphael de Campos Castilho
Abstract: The expansion of agricultural areas has led to the loss of biodiversity due to the reduction of natural and semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes. With the increase of agricultural production in the world, environmentally sound techniques are increasingly discussed that allow a sustainable management of surrounding habitats. The effects of these habitats on the population of insect pests and their natural enemies are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to understand the effects of natural and semi-natural environments on the population of insect pests and natural enemies in tropical (Brazil) and temperate (France) regions. In Brazil (Chapter II) the effect of the distance of fragments on the population of predatory and omnivorous ants in sugarcane was evaluated. The results showed that the species richness decrease with distance from forest fragments and that the dominance of the species Dorymyrmex bruneus and Pheidole oxyops increase. Ant species colonizing sugarcane fields were also found in forest fragments suggesting that the latter habitats are refuges for predatory ant species during periods of disturbance such as sugarcane harvest or soil tillage. This was confirmed by stronger differences in ant communities after sugarcane harvest (dry season) than four months later (rainy season) when absence of disturbance allowed re-colonosiation by ants. There was also a difference in the richness of ant species between different fragment types (ri... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Résumé: L'expansion des zones agricoles a conduit à la perte de biodiversité due à la réduction des habitats naturels et semi-naturels dans les paysages agricoles. Avec l'augmentation de la production agricole dans le monde, des techniques écologiquement rationnelles sont de plus en plus discutées qui permettent une gestion durable des habitats environnants. Les effets de ces habitats sur la population des insectes nuisibles et de leurs ennemis naturels sont encore mal connus. L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre les effets des environnements naturels et semi-naturels sur la population des insectes nuisibles et des ennemis naturels dans les régions tropicales (Brésil) et tempérées (France). Au Brésil (chapitre II), on a évalué l'effet de la distance des fragments sur la population de fourmis prédatrices et omnivores dans la canne à sucre. Les résultats montrent que la richesse en espèces diminue avec la distance des fragments forestiers et que la prédominance des espèces Dorymyrmex bruneus et Pheidole oxyops augmente. Des espèces de fourmis colonisant les champs de canne à sucre ont également été trouvées dans des fragments forestiers, ce qui suggère que ces derniers habitats sont des refuges pour les espèces de fourmis prédatrices pendant les périodes de perturbation comme la récolte de la canne à sucre ou le travail du sol. Cela a été confirmé par des différences plus fortes dans les communautés de fourmis après la récolte de la canne à sucre (saison sèche) que quatre mois... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Resumo: A expansão das áreas agrícolas levou à perda de biodiversidade devido à redução dos habitats naturais e semi-naturais nas paisagens agrícolas. Com o aumento da produção agrícola no mundo, são cada vez mais discutidas técnicas ambientais que permitem uma gestão sustentável dos habitats do entorno. Os efeitos desses habitats sobre a população de insetos-pragas e seus inimigos naturais ainda são mal compreendidos. O objetivo desta tese foi compreender os efeitos dos ambientes naturais e semi-naturais na população de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais nas regiões tropicais (Brasil) e temperadas (França). No Brasil (Capítulo II) foi avaliado o efeito da distância de fragmentos sobre a população de formigas predadoras e omnívoras em cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados mostraram que a riqueza de espécies diminui com a distância dos fragmentos florestais e que a dominância das espécies Dorymyrmex bruneus e Pheidole oxyops aumenta. As espécies de formigas que colonizam áreas de cana-de-açúcar também foram encontradas em fragmentos de florestas, sugerindo que estes últimos são abrigos para espécies de formigas predatórias durante períodos de perturbação como colheita de cana-de-açúcar ou preparo do solo. Isto foi confirmado por diferenças mais fortes nas comunidades de formigas após a colheita da cana (estação seca) do que quatro meses depois (estação chuvosa) quando a ausência de perturbação permitiu recolonização por formigas. Houve também uma diferença na riqueza de espécies de formigas e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
50
Sell, D. "Oxygen consumption and water balance in insects." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354956.
Full text