Relevant bibliographies by topics / Insect Flapping

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Insect Flapping'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Insect Flapping"

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Eberle, A. L., B. H. Dickerson, P. G. Reinhall, and T. L. Daniel. "A new twist on gyroscopic sensing: body rotations lead to torsion in flapping, flexing insect wings." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 104 (March 2015): 20141088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1088.

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Insects perform fast rotational manoeuvres during flight. While two insect orders use flapping halteres (specialized organs evolved from wings) to detect body dynamics, it is unknown how other insects detect rotational motions. Like halteres, insect wings experience gyroscopic forces when they are flapped and rotated and recent evidence suggests that wings might indeed mediate reflexes to body rotations. But, can gyroscopic forces be detected using only changes in the structural dynamics of a flapping, flexing insect wing? We built computational and robotic models to rotate a flapping wing about an axis orthogonal to flapping. We recorded high-speed video of the model wing, which had a flexural stiffness similar to the wing of the Manduca sexta hawkmoth, while flapping it at the wingbeat frequency of Manduca (25 Hz). We compared the three-dimensional structural dynamics of the wing with and without a 3 Hz, 10° rotation about the yaw axis. Our computational model revealed that body rotation induces a new dynamic mode: torsion. We verified our result by measuring wing tip displacement, shear strain and normal strain of the robotic wing. The strains we observed could stimulate an insect's mechanoreceptors and trigger reflexive responses to body rotations.
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Ge, Cheng Bin, Ai Hong Ji, Tao Han, and Chang Long Li. "Anatomical Study of Insect Flight Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.31.

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Compared with the fixed-wing and rotary-wing aerial vehicle, the bionic ornithopter has unique advantages in flying maneuverability and flexibilities, becoming one of the focuses of current researches. Because of their high speeds, long distance flight sand low energy consumptions, more and more attentions has been paid to flying insects. Their unique physical structures and flight modes will enlighten the bionic ornithopter. In this paper, four insects flight-related muscle biological structures were dissected to specify the effects of the muscles. Then the flapping wing behavior of two of these insects was tested to guide for design of the bionic ornithopter. The anatomic results showed that they commonly own the dorsoventral muscles, whose weight proportions increase with their body wall thickness. The three-dimensional flapping traces of Dragonflies and Uangs are respectively 8-shape and resemble-8-shape. With combines of anatomy and flapping wing behavior test, the dorsoventral muscle and the tergal longitudinal muscle affect some flight parameters (flapping wing frequency, flapping wing angle, flapping wing movement, etc.). But these flight parameters changes were not sure entirely caused by the muscles. The study of insect physiology structure and flight mode not only can help the further understanding of the production mechanism of high-lift when insects flying, but also can provide theoretical support for development of the bionic ornithopter.
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Yanagisawa, Ryota, Shunsuke Shigaki, Kotaro Yasui, Dai Owaki, Yasuhiro Sugimoto, Akio Ishiguro, and Masahiro Shimizu. "Wearable Vibration Sensor for Measuring the Wing Flapping of Insects." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020593.

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In this study, we fabricated a novel wearable vibration sensor for insects and measured their wing flapping. An analysis of insect wing deformation in relation to changes in the environment plays an important role in understanding the underlying mechanism enabling insects to dynamically interact with their surrounding environment. It is common to use a high-speed camera to measure the wing flapping; however, it is difficult to analyze the feedback mechanism caused by the environmental changes caused by the flapping because this method applies an indirect measurement. Therefore, we propose the fabrication of a novel film sensor that is capable of measuring the changes in the wingbeat frequency of an insect. This novel sensor is composed of flat silver particles admixed with a silicone polymer, which changes the value of the resistor when a bending deformation occurs. As a result of attaching this sensor to the wings of a moth and a dragonfly and measuring the flapping of the wings, we were able to measure the frequency of the flapping with high accuracy. In addition, as a result of simultaneously measuring the relationship between the behavior of a moth during its search for an odor source and its wing flapping, it became clear that the frequency of the flapping changed depending on the frequency of the odor reception. From this result, a wearable film sensor for an insect that can measure the displacement of the body during a particular behavior was fabricated.
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Chi, Peng Cheng, Wei Ping Zhang, Wen Yuan Chen, Hong Yi Li, and Kun Meng. "Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Microrobotic Insect Wings and Thorax with Different Materials by MEMS Technology." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 3135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.3135.

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This paper presents a feasibility step in the development of biomimetic microrobotic insects. Advanced engineering technologies available for applications such as the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technologies are used. A flapping-wing flying MEMS concept and design inspired from insects is first described. Then different kinds of materials used feasibly for flapping-wing microrobotic insect by MEMS technology, such as SU-8, Titanium alloy and Parylene-C, are discussed. And artificial insect wings and thoraxs with different materials by MEMS Technology are fabricated and analyzed. Finally, summarize the paper and propose future research priorities.
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Conn, A. T., S. C. Burgess, and C. S. Ling. "Design of a parallel crank-rocker flapping mechanism for insect-inspired micro air vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 10 (September 30, 2007): 1211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes517.

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In the current paper, a novel micro air vehicle (MAV) flapping mechanism for replicating insect wing kinematics is presented. Insects flap their wings in a complex motion that enables them to generate several unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms, which are extremely beneficial for lift production. A flapping wing MAV that can reproduce these aerodynamic mechanisms in a controlled manner is likely to outperform alternative flight platforms such as rotary wing MAVs. A biomimetic design approach was undertaken to develop a novel flapping mechanism, the parallel crank-rocker (PCR). Unlike several existing flapping mechanisms (which are compared using an original classification method), the PCR mechanism has an integrated flapping and pitching output motion which is not constrained. This allows the wing angle of attack, a key kinematic parameter, to be adjusted and enables the MAV to enact manoeuvres and have flight stability. Testing of a near-MAV scale PCR prototype using a high-speed camera showed that the flapping angle and adjustable angle of attack both closely matched predicted values, proving the mechanism can replicate insect wing kinematics. A mean lift force of 3.35 g was measured with the prototype in a hovering orientation and flapping at 7.15 Hz.
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ZHANG, XIAOHU, KIM BOON LUA, RONG CHANG, TEE TAI LIM, and KHOON SENG YEO. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GROUND EFFECT ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL INSECT-LIKE FLAPPING MOTION." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 34 (January 2014): 1460384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514603846.

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This paper focuses on an experimental investigation aimed at evaluating the aerodynamics force characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) insect-like flapping motion in the vicinity of ground. The purpose is to establish whether flapping wing insects can derive aerodynamic benefit from ground effect similar to that experienced by a fixed wing aircraft. To evaluate this, force measurements were conducted in a large water tank using a 3D flapping mechanism capable of executing various insect flapping motions. Here, we focus on three types of flapping motions, namely simple harmonic flapping motion, hawkmoth-like hovering motion and fruitfly-like hovering motion, and two types of wing planforms (i.e. hawkmoth-like wing and fruitfly-like wing). Results show that hawkmoth-like wing executing simple harmonic flapping motion produces average lift to drag ratio [Formula: see text] similar to that of fruitfly wing executing the same motion. In both cases, they are relatively independent of the wing distance from the ground. On the other hand, a hawkmoth wing executing hawkmoth flapping motion produces [Formula: see text] characteristic different from that of fruitfly wing executing fruitfly motion. While the [Formula: see text] value of the former is a function of the wing distance from the ground, the latter is minimally affected by ground effect. Unlike fixed wing aerodynamics, all the flapping wing cases considered here do not show a monotonic increase in [Formula: see text] with decreasing wing distance from the ground.
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Qin, Yi, Wei Ping Zhang, Wen Yuan Cheng, Wu Liu, Hong Yi Li, Peng Cheng Chi, Kun Meng, Feng Cui, and Xiao Sheng Wu. "Flapping Mechanism Design and Aerodynamic Analysis for the Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1543.

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This paper introduces a biological flapping micro air vehicle (FMAV) with four wings, instead of two wings, where wing clap-and-fling of real insects has been mimicked. The total weight is 2.236g. A spatial linkage is implemented in the flapping wing system, which is symmetry. This can prevent the flapping wing MAV from tilting toward the left or the right in the course of flight. By using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD), it has been confirmed that the flapping wing system can utilize the clap-and-fling mechanism, which is essential to enhance the lift and thrust in the insect flight.
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Dong, Ben Zheng, Chang Long Li, and Ai Hong Ji. "Bionic Flexible Wings Design of the Flapper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.178.

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The fixed-wing aircrafts rely mainly on thrust generated by engine and lift produced by wings to keep flying, so there are strict requirements on their speeds and attack angles. The flappers can hover freely in the air like insects because they have different flight principles and forms compared with fixed-wing aircrafts. The flapper is consisted of the flapping-wing, the flapping-wing mechanism and the drive. The flapping-wing is used to generate lifts and thrusts while the wing mechanism and the drive provide main power to the flapping wing. Traditionally, flapper uses rigid wing to provide lift and thrust force. The researches of the insect flapping wing process indicate insect wings would produce certain flexibility and umbrella effect in this process. Based on the above research, the compression molding is employed to manufacture the bionic flexible wing in this article. Whats more, in order to imitate the umbrella deformations at the wing tips, IPMC (Ionic Polymer Metal-Composites) are fixed on the flexible wings to achieve umbrella deformations.
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Liu, Hao, Sridhar Ravi, Dmitry Kolomenskiy, and Hiroto Tanaka. "Biomechanics and biomimetics in insect-inspired flight systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1704 (September 26, 2016): 20150390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0390.

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Insect- and bird-size drones—micro air vehicles (MAV) that can perform autonomous flight in natural and man-made environments are now an active and well-integrated research area. MAVs normally operate at a low speed in a Reynolds number regime of 10 4 –10 5 or lower, in which most flying animals of insects, birds and bats fly, and encounter unconventional challenges in generating sufficient aerodynamic forces to stay airborne and in controlling flight autonomy to achieve complex manoeuvres. Flying insects that power and control flight by flapping wings are capable of sophisticated aerodynamic force production and precise, agile manoeuvring, through an integrated system consisting of wings to generate aerodynamic force, muscles to move the wings and a control system to modulate power output from the muscles. In this article, we give a selective review on the state of the art of biomechanics in bioinspired flight systems in terms of flapping and flexible wing aerodynamics, flight dynamics and stability, passive and active mechanisms in stabilization and control, as well as flapping flight in unsteady environments. We further highlight recent advances in biomimetics of flapping-wing MAVs with a specific focus on insect-inspired wing design and fabrication, as well as sensing systems. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Moving in a moving medium: new perspectives on flight’.
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Galiński, Cezary, and Rafał Żbikowski. "Insect-like flapping wing mechanism based on a double spherical Scotch yoke." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2, no. 3 (May 18, 2005): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2005.0031.

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We describe the rationale, concept, design and implementation of a fixed-motion (non-adjustable) mechanism for insect-like flapping wing micro air vehicles in hover, inspired by two-winged flies (Diptera). This spatial (as opposed to planar) mechanism is based on the novel idea of a double spherical Scotch yoke. The mechanism was constructed for two main purposes: (i) as a test bed for aeromechanical research on hover in flapping flight, and (ii) as a precursor design for a future flapping wing micro air vehicle. Insects fly by oscillating (plunging) and rotating (pitching) their wings through large angles, while sweeping them forwards and backwards. During this motion the wing tip approximately traces a ‘figure-of-eight’ or a ‘banana’ and the wing changes the angle of attack (pitching) significantly. The kinematic and aerodynamic data from free-flying insects are sparse and uncertain, and it is not clear what aerodynamic consequences different wing motions have. Since acquiring the necessary kinematic and dynamic data from biological experiments remains a challenge, a synthetic, controlled study of insect-like flapping is not only of engineering value, but also of biological relevance. Micro air vehicles are defined as flying vehicles approximately 150 mm in size (hand-held), weighing 50–100 g, and are developed to reconnoitre in confined spaces (inside buildings, tunnels, etc.). For this application, insect-like flapping wings are an attractive solution and hence the need to realize the functionality of insect flight by engineering means. Since the semi-span of the insect wing is constant, the kinematics are spatial; in fact, an approximate figure-of-eight/banana is traced on a sphere. Hence a natural mechanism implementing such kinematics should be (i) spherical and (ii) generate mathematically convenient curves expressing the figure-of-eight/banana shape. The double spherical Scotch yoke design has property (i) by definition and achieves (ii) by tracing spherical Lissajous curves.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Insect Flapping"

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Nabawy, Mostafa. "Design of insect-scale flapping wing vehicles." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/design-of-insectscale-flapping-wing-vehicles(5720b8af-a755-4c54-beb6-ba6ef1a13168).html.

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This thesis contributes to the state of the art in integrated design of insect-scale piezoelectric actuated flapping wing vehicles through the development of novel theoretical models for flapping wing aerodynamics and piezoelectric actuator dynamics, and integration of these models into a closed form design process. A comprehensive literature review of available engineered designs of miniature rotary and flapping wing vehicles is provided. A novel taxonomy based on wing and actuator kinematics is proposed as an effective means of classifying the large variation of vehicle configurations currently under development. The most successful insect-scale vehicles developed to date have used piezoelectric actuation, system resonance for motion amplification, and passive wing pitching. A novel analytical treatment is proposed to quantify induced power losses in normal hover that accounts for the effects of non uniform downwash, wake periodicity and effective flapping disc area. Two different quasi-steady aerodynamic modelling approaches are undertaken, one based on blade element analysis and one based on lifting line theory. Both approaches are explicitly linked to the underlying flow physics and, unlike a number of competing approaches, do not require empirical data. Models have been successfully validated against experimental and numerical data from the literature. These models have allowed improved insight into the role of the wing leading-edge vortex in lift augmentation and quantification of the comparative contributions of induced and profile drag for insect-like wings in hover. Theoretical aerodynamic analysis has been used to identify a theoretical solution for the optimum planform for a flapping wing in terms of chord and twist as a function of span. It is shown that an untwisted elliptical planform minimises profile power, whereas a more highly tapered design such as that found on a hummingbird minimises induced power. Aero-optimum wing kinematics for hovering are also assessed. It is shown that for efficient flight the flapping velocity should be constant whereas for maximum effectiveness the flapping velocity should be sinusoidal. For both cases, the wing pitching at stroke reversal should be as rapid as possible. A dynamic electromechanical model of piezoelectric bending actuators has been developed and validated against data obtained from experiments undertaken as part of this thesis. An expression for the electromechanical coupling factor (EMCF) is extracted from the analytical model and is used to understand the influence of actuator design variables on actuator performance. It is found that the variation in EMCF with design variables is similar for both static and dynamic operation, however for light damping the dynamic EMCF will typically be an order of magnitude greater than for static operation. Theoretical contributions to aerodynamic and electromechanical modelling are integrated into a low order design method for propulsion system sizing. The method is unique in that aside from mass fraction estimation, the underlying models are fully physics based. The transparency of the design method provides the designer with clear insight into effects of changing core design variables such as the maximum flapping amplitude, wing mass, transmission ratio, piezoelectric characteristics on the overall design solution. Whilst the wing mass is only around 10% of the actuator mass, the effective wing mass is 16 times the effective actuator mass for a typical transmission ratio of 10 and hence the wing mass dominates the inertial contribution to the system dynamics. For optimum aerodynamic effectiveness and efficiency it is important to achieve high flapping amplitudes, however this is typically limited by the maximum allowable field strength of the piezoelectric material used in the actuator.
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Abdul, Hamid Mohd Faisal. "Aerodynamic models for insect flight." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/aerodynamic-models-for-insect-flight(057be27b-265a-45a0-b8d0-dc3c02a62a77).html.

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Numerical models of insect flapping flight have previously been developed and used to simulate the performance of insect flight. These models were commonly developed via Blade Element Theory, offering efficient computation, thus allowing them to be coupled with optimisation procedures for predicting optimal flight. However, the models have only been used for simulating hover flight, and often neglect the presence of the induced flow effect. Although some models account for the induced flow effect, the rapid changes of this effect on each local wing element have not been modelled. Crucially, this effect appears in both axial and radial directions, which influences the direction and magnitude of the incoming air, and hence the resulting aerodynamic forces. This thesis describes the development of flapping wing models aimed at advancing theoretical tools for simulating the optimum performance of insect flight. Two models are presented: single and tandem wing configurations for hawk moth and dragonfly, respectively. These models are designed by integrating a numerical design procedure to account for the induced flow effects. This approach facilitates the determination of the instantaneous relative velocity at any given spanwise location on the wing, following the changes of the axial and radial induced flow effects on the wing. For the dragonfly, both wings are coupled to account for the interaction of the flow, particularly the fact that the hindwing operates in the slipstream of the forewing. A heuristic optimisation procedure (particle swarming) is used to optimise the stroke or the wing kinematics at all flight conditions (hover, level, and accelerating flight). The cost function is the propulsive efficiency coupled with constraints for flight stability. The vector of the kinematic variables consists of up to 28 independent parameters (14 per wing for a dragonfly), each with a constrained range derived from the maximum available power, the flight muscle ratio, and the kinematics of real insects; this will prevent physically-unrealistic solutions of the wing motion. The model developed in this thesis accounts for the induced flow, and eliminates the dependency on the empirical translation lift coefficient. Validations are shown with numerical simulations for the hover case, and with experimental results for the forward flight case. From the results obtained, the effect of the induced velocity is found to be greatest in the middle of the stroke. The use of an optimisation process is shown to greatly improve the flapping kinematics, resulting in low power consumption in all flight conditions. In addition, a study on dragonfly flight has shown that the maximum acceleration is dependent on the size of the flight muscle.
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Whitney, John Peter. "Design and Performance of Insect-Scale Flapping-Wing Vehicles." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10374.

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Micro-air vehicles (MAVs)—small versions of full-scale aircraft—are the product of a continued path of miniaturization which extends across many fields of engineering. Increasingly, MAVs approach the scale of small birds, and most recently, their sizes have dipped into the realm of hummingbirds and flying insects. However, these non-traditional biologically-inspired designs are without well-established design methods, and manufacturing complex devices at these tiny scales is not feasible using conventional manufacturing methods. This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation of new MAV design and manufacturing methods, as applicable to insect-scale hovering flight. New design methods combine an energy-based accounting of propulsion and aerodynamics with a one degree-of-freedom dynamic flapping model. Important results include analytical expressions for maximum flight endurance and range, and predictions for maximum feasible wing size and body mass. To meet manufacturing constraints, the use of passive wing dynamics to simplify vehicle design and control was investigated; supporting tests included the first synchronized measurements of real-time forces and three-dimensional kinematics generated by insect-scale flapping wings. These experimental methods were then expanded to study optimal wing shapes and high-efficiency flapping kinematics. To support the development of high-fidelity test devices and fully-functional flight hardware, a new class of manufacturing methods was developed, combining elements of rigid-flex printed circuit board fabrication with "pop-up book" folding mechanisms. In addition to their current and future support of insect-scale MAV development, these new manufacturing techniques are likely to prove an essential element to future advances in micro-optomechanics, micro-surgery, and many other fields.
Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Ma, Kevin Yuan. "Mechanical design and manufacturing of an insect-scale flapping-wing robot." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845433.

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Despite the prevalence of insect flight as a form of locomotion in nature, manmade aerial systems have yet to match the aerial prowess of flying insects. Within a tiny body volume, flying insects embody the capabilities to flap seemingly insubstantial wings at very high frequencies and sustain beyond their own body weight in flight. A precise authority over their wing motions enables them to respond to obstacles and threats in flight with unrivaled speed and grace. Motivated by a desire for comparably agile flying machines, research efforts in the last decade have generated crucial developments for realizing an artificial instantiation of insect flight. The need for tiny, high-efficiency mechanical components has produced unconventional solutions for propulsion, actuation, and manufacturing. Early vehicle designs proved to be flightworthy but were critically limited by the inability to produce control torques in flight. In this thesis, we synthesize all existing technologies for insect-scale manufacturing and actuation, and we introduce a new vehicle design, the "dual actuator bee," to address the need for flight control. Our work culminates in the first demonstration of controlled, hovering flight of an insect-scale, flapping-wing robot. As the ultimate goal for this research effort is the creation of fully autonomous flying robots, these vehicles must sustain their own power sources and intelligence. To that end, we explore the challenges of scaling flapping-wing flight to attain greater lift forces. Using a scaling heuristic to determine key vehicle specifications, we develop and successfully demonstrate a hover-capable vehicle design that possesses the requisite payload capacity for the full suite of components required for control autonomy. With this operational vehicle as a point of reference, we introduce an iterative sizing procedure for specifying a vehicle design with payload capacity capable of supporting power autonomy. In the development of these vehicles, the reliability of their construction has been a substantial challenge. We present strategies for systematically addressing issues of vehicle construction. Together, this suite of results demonstrates the feasibility of achieving artificial, insect-like flight.
Engineering and Applied Sciences - Engineering Sciences
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Phillips, N. "Experimental unsteady aerodynamics relevant to insect-inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5824.

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Small hand-held micro air vehicles (MAVs) can serve many functions unsuitable for a manned vehicle, and can be inexpensive and easily deployed. MAVs for indoor applications are underdeveloped due to their demanding requirements. Indoor requirements are best met by a flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FMAV) based on insect-like flapping-wing flight, which offers abilities of sustained hover, aerial agility, and energy efficiency. FMAV development is hampered by a lack of understanding of insect-like flapping-wing aerodynamics, particularly at the FMAV scale. An experimental programme at the FMAV scale (Reynolds number on the order of 104) was undertaken, investigating: leading-edge vortex (LEV) stability, flapping kinematic effects on lift and the flowfield, and wing planform shape effects on the flowfield. For these experiments, an apparatus employing a novel flapping mechanism was developed, which achieved variable three-degreeof- freedom insect-like wing motions (flapping kinematics) with a high degree of repeatability in air up to a 20Hz flapping frequency. Mean lift measurements and spatially dense volumetric flowfield measurements using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) were performed while various flapping kinematic parameters and wing planform were altered, to observe their effects. Three-dimensional vortex axis trajectories were reconstructed, revealing vortex characteristics such as axial velocity and vorticity, and flow evolution patterns. The first key result was the observation of a stable LEV at the FMAV scale which contributed to half of the mean lift. The LEV exhibited vortex breakdown, but still augmented lift as Reynolds number was increased indicating that FMAVs can exploit this lifting mechanism. The second key result was the identification of the trends of mean lift versus the tested kinematic parameters at the FMAV scale, and appropriate values for FMAV design. Appropriate values for lift generation, while taking mechanical practicalities into account, included a flat wingtip trajectory with zero plunge amplitude, angle of attack at mid-stroke of 45 degrees , rotation phase of +5:5%, and maximum flapping frequency and stroke amplitude.
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Conn, Andrew T. "Development of novel flapping mechanism technologies for insect-inspired micro air vehicles." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492441.

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Insect-inspired micro air vehicles (MAVs) have the capacity for higher lift forces and greater manoeuvrability at low flight speeds compared to conventional flight platforms, making them suitable for novel indoor flight applications. This thesis presents development studies of an actuated flapping mechanism for an insect-inspired MAV. An original theoretical understanding has shown that the kinematical constraint of a flapping mechanism fundamentally determines its complexity and performance. An under-constrained mechanism is optimal but almost always requires a linear input. A power optimisation study has demonstrated that the only technologically mature actuation devices with viable power densities for flight are rotary. Consequently, previous airborne flapping MAVs utilised constrained rotary-input mechanisms which require conventional control surfaces that significantly reduce flight manoeuvrability.
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Wilkins, P. C. "Some unsteady aerodynamics relevant to insect-inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicles." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/2913.

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Flapping-wing micro air vehicles, based on insect-like apping, could potentially ll a niche in the current market by o ering the ability to gather information from within buildings. The aerodynamics of insect-like apping are dominated by a large, lift-enhancing leading-edge vortex (LEV). Historically, the cause and structure of this vortex have been the subject of controversy. This thesis is primarily intended to provide insight into the LEV, using computational uid dynamics coupled with validating experiments. The problem is simpli ed by breaking down the complex kinematics involved in insect-like apping and examining only a part of these kinematics; rstly in 2D, before progressing to 3D sweeping wing motions. The thesis includes discussion of published literature in the eld, highlighting gaps and inconsistencies in the current knowledge. Among the contributions of this thesis are: descriptions of the e ects of changing Reynolds number and angle of attack for 2D and 3D ows; clari cation of terminology and phenomenology, particular in the context of 2D ows; and detailed descriptions of the development and structure of the LEV in both 2D and 3D cases, including discussion of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The issues of Strouhal number, delayed leading-edge separation, dynamic stall and the Wagner e ect are also considered. Generally, the LEV is shown to be unstable in 2D cases. However, in 3D cases the LEV is seen to be stable, even if Reynolds number is increased. The stability of the LEV is found to be critically dependent on wing aspect ratio.
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Gami, A. "Experimental and computational analysis for insect inspired flapping wing micro air vehicles." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17454/.

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Many creatures in nature have evolved the ability to fly and some seem to do so effortlessly with captivating movement. The flight characteristics of these natural fliers have greatly fascinated biologists and engineers for a long time that to this day researchers continue to actively work in this field of science with the aim of one day developing a Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle (FWMAV) which can replicate the flight of nature's creatures. These types of autonomous robotic vehicles can fulfil tasks which are not suitable for manned vehicles especially when risks to human safety are present. Flight techniques such as control, stability and manoeuvrability are flight characteristics which an FWMAV must possess if such a device is employed for various rescue missions. With this in mind symmetrical and asymmetrical wing motions are studied experimentally in the current research programme in such a way that the methodology employed for this type of flight can be implemented into future FWMAVs. In summary, the research performed during the course of this project produced innovative results in the form of the creation of two micro air vehicles with a thorough explanation of the development process and examination under experimental tests. Various parameters were analysed during the experimental tests such as force, moment, power and wing position measurements. The tests were performed on both models, one of which has the functionality to perform asymmetrical flapping and successfully generate moments about two different axes. A unique wing motion which favoured the upward vertical force production was investigated under various scenarios. The wings keep a fixed angle of attack during the downwards flapping motion and are allowed to passively rotate during the upstroke motion. Computational simulations were performed to investigate the hovering fluid dynamics, forces, moments and power required for various chordwise rotational positions and durations of wing rotation. This investigation aided in understanding the full effects of altering these parameters under hovering conditions for a rectangular wing. The valuable results found from this research program provide a better insight into various topics involving micro air vehicles in addition to developing future flight worthy insect inspired vehicles.
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Pedersen, C. B. "An indicial-polhamus model of aerodynamics of insect-like flapping wings in hover." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6456.

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As part of the ongoing development of Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FMAV) prototypes at RMCS Shrivenham,a model of insect-like wing aerodynamics in hover has been developed, and implemented as MATLAB code.The model is intended to give better insight into the various aerodynamic effects on the wing, so is as close to purely analytical as possible. The model is modular, with the various effects treated separately.This modularity aids analysis and insight, and will allow future refinement of individual parts. However,it comes at the expense of considerable simplification,which requires empirical verification. The model starts from quasi-steady inviscid flow around a thin 2D rigid flat wing section,accounting for viscosity with the Kutta-Joukowski condition,and the leading edge suction analogy of Polhamus. Wake effects are modelled using the models of Kussner and Wagner on a prescribed wake shape,as initially used by Loewy. The model has been validated against experimental data of Dickinson's Robofly, and found to give acceptable accuracy.Some empirically inspired refinements of the Polhamus effect are outlined, but need further empirical validation. This thesis comprises of six main parts: Part I is introductory material, and definitions, including an overview of what insect-like Rapping flight actually entails, and detailed definitions of the variables and terms used later. Part 2 describes the new theoretical model, and a simple scaling analysis of the forces and moments predicted. Part 3 deals with the MATLAB implementation of the above theory, and the considerations re-quired when adapting the theory for computational use. Part4 shows and discusses the results of the above code, against experimental measurements on Dickinson's Robofly. Part 5 is the conclusions, including a comprehensive list of all assumptions made in the theory. Part6 , the appendices, contain useful mathematical identities,and a copy of the code that was developed.
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Teoh, Zhi Ern. "Design of Hybrid Passive and Active Mechanisms for Control of Insect-Scale Flapping-Wing Robots." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845481.

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Flying insects exhibit a remarkable ability to fly in environments that are small, cluttered and highly dynamic. Inspired by these animals, scientist have made great strides in understanding the aerodynamic mechanisms behind insect-scale flapping-wing flight. By applying these mechanisms together with recent advances in meso-scale fabrication techniques, engineers built an insect-scale flapping-wing robot and demonstrated hover by actively controlling the robot about its roll and pitch axes. The robot, however, lacked control over its yaw axis preventing control over its heading angle. In this thesis, we show that the roll and pitch axes of a single actuator insect-scale flapping-wing robot can also be passively stabilized by the addition of a pair of aerodynamic dampers. We develop design guidelines for these dampers, showing that the previously unstable robot with the addition of the dampers is able to perform stable vertical flights and altitude control. To address the lack of yaw control, we develop a yaw torque generating mechanism inspired by the fruit fly wing hinge. We present the development of this mechanism in three stages: from the conceptual stage, to the torque measurement stage and finally to a hover capable stage. We show that the robot is able to generate sufficient yaw torque enabling the robot to transition from hover to heading control maneuvers.
Engineering and Applied Sciences - Engineering Sciences
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Book chapters on the topic "Insect Flapping"

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Syaifuddin, Moh, Hoon Cheol Park, Kwang Joon Yoon, and Nam Seo Goo. "Design and Test of Flapping Device Mimicking Insect Flight." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 1163–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1163.

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Lentink, David, Stefan R. Jongerius, and Nancy L. Bradshaw. "The Scalable Design of Flapping Micro-Air Vehicles Inspired by Insect Flight." In Flying Insects and Robots, 185–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89393-6_14.

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Moses, Kenneth C., Nathaniel I. Michaels, Joel Hauerwas, Mark Willis, and Roger D. Quinn. "An Insect-Scale Bioinspired Flapping-Wing-Mechanism for Micro Aerial Vehicle Development." In Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, 589–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63537-8_54.

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Bao, L., and Y. L. Yu. "Preliminary Modeling of the Fluid-Structure Interaction on a Deformable Insect Wing in Flapping." In New Trends in Fluid Mechanics Research, 638–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75995-9_212.

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Yao, Jie, and K. S. Yeo. "The Effect of Wing Mass and Wing Elevation Motion During Insect Forward Flight." In Supercomputing Frontiers, 31–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10419-0_3.

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AbstractThis paper is concerned with the numerical simulation of the forward flight of a high Reynolds number flapping-wing flyer, modelled after the hummingbird hawkmoth (Macroglossum stellatarum). The numerical model integrated a Navier-Stokes solver with the Newtonian free-body dynamics of the model insect. The primary cyclic kinematics of wings were assumed to be sinusoidal for simplicity here, which comprises sweeping, elevating and twisting related wing actions. The free flight simulation is very computationally intensive due to the large mesh scale and the iterative solution for the FSI problem, so parallelization is essential in the numerical simulation. Two parallelization techniques are used in current simulation, i.e., open multi-processing (OpenMP) and graphics processing units (GPU) acceleration. The forward flight mainly consists of two stages, i.e., the body pitching down from the normal hovering posture and the following forward acceleration. During this process, the effect of the wing mass and the wing elevation motion is very important, which is investigated in detail. It is found that Oval-shaped wing elevating motion can help to generate large pitching down moment so that the flyer can quickly adjust its orientation for forward acceleration. Moreover, wing mass tends to magnify the effect and prohibits the growth of pitching down velocity, which is favourable aspect. The present study provides detailed information of the coupled dynamics of fluid and flyer in free flight condition, as well as offers a prospective approach that could complement existing experiments in a wider study of insect flight and maneuver.
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Ansari, Salman A., Nathan Phillips, Graham Stabler, Peter C. Wilkins, Rafał Żbikowski, and Kevin Knowles. "Experimental investigation of some aspects of insect-like flapping flight aerodynamics for application to micro air vehicles." In Animal Locomotion, 215–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11633-9_18.

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Fearing, Ronald S., and Robert J. Wood. "Challenges for 100 Milligram Flapping Flight." In Flying Insects and Robots, 219–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89393-6_16.

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van Breugel, Floris, Zhi Ern Teoh, and Hod Lipson. "A Passively Stable Hovering Flapping Micro-Air Vehicle." In Flying Insects and Robots, 171–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89393-6_13.

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Jones, Kevin D., and Max F. Platzer. "Flow Control Using Flapping Wings for an Efficient Low-Speed Micro-Air Vehicle." In Flying Insects and Robots, 159–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89393-6_12.

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Leather, Simon. "3. On the move." In Insects: A Very Short Introduction, 35–46. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198847045.003.0003.

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‘On the move’ considers the insect wing as a remarkable structure. Aside from vertebrates, insects are the only animals that use flapping wings for locomotion. Insects are unique among the invertebrates as they developed the ability to fly, although this characteristic has been lost in many species and some orders. Unlike those of other animals, insect wing muscles can contract multiple times for each single nerve impulse, allowing the wings to beat faster than would otherwise be possible. It is worth taking a look at dragonflies, which have additional small accessory flight muscles that control wing rotation while the larger muscles are used only for power.
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Conference papers on the topic "Insect Flapping"

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Bedoya, Julian, and Diana M. Rincon. "Wing Geometry and Dynamic Similarity in Insect Flight." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32283.

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The study of insect and bird flight has always been a curiosity, but it is yet to be described as plentifully as fixed wing aerodynamics. The United States military has expressed an interest in this topic, providing some institutions with funding. The main intention for this type of research is to develop small robots resembling insects or birds for use in exploration, surveillance and intelligence. While conceptually these applications could be accomplished with fixed-wing aircraft, there is a tremendous lack of stealth in these vehicles. The velocities associated with the required lift forces for small flapping-wing insect flights are significantly smaller than for insect-size fixed-wing aircraft. Therefore, it is more feasible and practical to aim for flapping wing flight.
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Mukherjee, Sujoy, and Ranjan Ganguli. "Piezoelectrically actuated insect scale flapping wing." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Mehrdad N. Ghasemi-Nejhad. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.846484.

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Yuan, Weixing, and Mahmood Khalid. "Simulation of Insect-Sized Flapping-Wing Aerodynamics." In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-67.

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Khan, Z., K. Steelman, and S. Agrawal. "Development of insect thorax based flapping mechanism." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152822.

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Ha, Ngoc San, and Nam Seo Goo. "Flapping frequency and resonant frequency of insect wings." In 2013 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urai.2013.6677463.

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Singh, Beerinder, and Inderjit Chopra. "Dynamics of Insect-Based Flapping Wings: Loads Validation." In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
7th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1663.

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Reissman, Timothy, Robert B. MacCurdy, and Ephrahim Garcia. "Experimental Study of the Mechanics of Motion of Flapping Insect Flight Under Weight Loading." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-661.

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The results of this study are an evaluation of the mechanics of motion of a weight loaded Manduca sexta Hawkmoth during flight using accelerations recorded with an onboard sensory system. Findings indicate that these ‘normal’ flapping insects maintain relatively fixed body frequencies in both free and weight loaded flight, which correspond with the driving frequency, or wing beat frequency. Within the analysis, a presence of a harmonic body frequency at twice the wing beat frequency was also discovered. The conclusions from this study indicate an average excess muscle power of over 40mW available in free, unloaded flight. Stability robustness of these flapping insects in flight using the results of a large payload disturbance, 856mg or nearly half to one-third the mass of insect, is demonstrated, and their usefulness as platform for cyborg MAV (CMAV) development is presented.
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Han, Jong-seob, Jae-Hung Han, and Jo Won Chang. "Experimental Study on the Forward Flight of the Hawkmoth Using the Dynamically Scaled-Up Robotic Model." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-04425.

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DARPA’s MAV project has accelerated a lot of studies on insect flights to gain insights for flapping MAV development [1]. In particular, the insects adept at hovering have become major subjects of these investigations [2–3]. Due to the great contributions by pioneers, we are now able to well explain how the insects produce the enhanced aerodynamic forces in the hovering flight at intricate flow regime [4].
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Mateti, Kiron, Rory A. Byrne-Dugan, Srinivas A. Tadigadapa, and Christopher D. Rahn. "SUEX Flapping Wing Mechanisms for Pico Air Vehicles." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8092.

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This paper introduces a simple and low cost flapping wing mechanism fabricated monolithically from SUEX dry film, an epoxy based negative photoresist similar to SU-8. The developed process has fewer steps compared to other methods, does not use precious metals, and greatly reduces processing time and cost. It simultaneously defines the PAV airframe, compliant flapping mechanism, and artificial insect wing using photolithography. Rapid prototypes were fabricated with precisely defined features and material properties and geometry that are similar to insects. A linear model with simplified aerodynamics is developed with amplitude dependent damping and validated using experimental results in air and in vacuum. Angles up to 45° at a resonant frequency of 47 Hz are observed that demonstrate applicability of the developed fabrication process for flapping wing air vehicle applications.
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Kuroki, Taichi, Masaki Fuchiwaki, Kazuhiro Tanaka, and Takahide Tabata. "Characteristics of Dynamic Forces Generated by a Flapping Butterfly." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16363.

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Many studies on the mechanism of butterfly flight have been carried out. A number of recent studies have examined the flow field around insect wings. Moreover, Micro-air-vehicles and micro-flight robots that mimic the flight mechanisms of insects have attracted significant attention, and a number of MAVs and micro-flight robots that use various devices have been reported. However, these robots were not practical. One of the reasons for this is that the flying mechanism of insects has not yet been clarified sufficiently. The present authors developed a flapping-wing robot without tail wings and focused on the flow field around the wings created by the flapping motion and its elastic deformation. In the present study, we attempt to clarify the relationship between the vortex ring over the wing and the dynamic lift generated by the flapping wing. The dynamic lift becomes large rapidly in the downward flapping and reaches a maximum at a flapping angle of −30 deg. After the maximum, the dynamic lift decreases gradually and the dynamic lift in upward flapping is approximately constant. The growth of the vortex ring formed by the flapping wing was clarified to contribute significantly to the dynamic lift acting on the butterfly. We should consider the interaction of both vortex ring both in downward flapping and in upward flapping in order to estimate the dynamic lift exactly using the circulation of the vortex ring.
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