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Journal articles on the topic 'INS data'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Timofeev, E. A., and G. S. Tsekhanovich. "INS simulator for debugging INS/GNSS data." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 24, no. 1 (January 2009): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2009.4772753.

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2

Bitar, K. N., C. Hillemeier, P. Biancani, and K. J. Balazovich. "Regulation of smooth muscle contraction in rabbit internal anal sphincter by protein kinase C and Ins(1,4,5)P3." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 260, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): G537—G542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.4.g537.

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We have examined the role of protein kinase C (PKC)-beta II and its functional relationship to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] and intracellular Ca2+ in the contraction of smooth muscle cells from the rabbit internal and sphincter (IAS). PKC-beta (0.1-100 U/ml) and Ins(1,4,5)P3 (10(-9) to 10(-6) M) caused concentration-dependent contraction of IAS smooth muscle cells permeabilized by saponin. The combination of threshold concentrations of Ins(1,4,5)P3 (10(-9) M) and PKC (0.1 U/ml) was more than additive, causing near maximal shortening (28.2 +/- 2.1% decrease in cell length from control). The response to high concentrations of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and PKC used in combination was not greater than the response to either agent alone. The calmodulin antagonist W-7 (10(-9) M) inhibited the maximal contraction induced by Ins(1,4,5)P3 but not contraction caused by PKC, whereas the PKC antagonist H-7 (10(-6) M) inhibited the maximal contraction induced by PKC but not contraction caused by Ins(1,4,5)P3. Threshold doses of the ionophores A23187 (10(-9) M) and ionomycin (0.2 ng/ml) caused little contraction by themselves, but they potentiated the response elicited by a threshold concentration of PKC (0.1 U/ml), inducing maximal contraction. Preincubation of IAS cells with 4 mM Sr2+, which inhibits the release of intracellular Ca2+, abolished the potentiating effect of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and calcium ionophores on PKC, but the calmodulin antagonist W-7 did not. These data suggest that the contractile effect of maximally effective doses of PKC is independent of the effects of Ins(1,4,5)P3. At submaximal concentrations, however, PKC-dependent contraction is potentiated by Ins(1,4,5)P3 or by ionophore-mediated release of intracellular Ca2+ without requiring calmodulin activation.
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3

Aziez, Sameir A., Nawar Al-Hemeary, Ahmed Hameed Reja, Tamás Zsedrovits, and György Cserey. "Using KNN Algorithm Predictor for Data Synchronization of Ultra-Tight GNSS/INS Integration." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131513.

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The INS system’s update rate is faster than that of the GNSS receiver. Additionally, GNSS receiver data may suffer from blocking for a few seconds for different reasons, affecting architecture integrations between GNSS and INS. This paper proposes a novel GNSS data prediction method using the k nearest neighbor (KNN) predictor algorithm to treat data synchronization between the INS sensors and GNSS receiver and overcome those GNSS receiver’s blocking, which may occur for a few seconds. The experimental work was conducted on a flying drone over a minor Hungarian (Mátyásföld, 47.4992 N, 19.1977 E) model airfield. The GNSS data are predicted by four different scenarios: the first is no blocking of data, and the other three have blocking periods of 1, 4, and 8 s, respectively. Ultra-tight architecture integration is used to perform the GNSS/INS integration to deal with the INS sensors’ inaccuracy and their divergence throughout the operation. The results show that using the GNSS/INS integration system yields better positioning data (in three axes (X, Y, and Z)) than using a stand-alone INS system or GNSS without a predictor.
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4

HASAN, AHMED M., KHAIRULMIZAM SAMSUDIN, ABDUL RAHMAN RAMLI, and RAJA SYAMSUL AZMIR. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON WAVELET FILTER AND THRESHOLDING SELECTION FOR GPS/INS DATA FUSION." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 08, no. 03 (May 2010): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691310003572.

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Navigation and guidance of an autonomous vehicle require determination of the position and velocity of the vehicle. Therefore, fusing the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) is important. Various methods have been applied to smooth and predict the INS and GPS errors. Recently, wavelet de-noising methodologies have been applied to improve the accuracy and reliability of the GPS/INS system. In this work, analysis of real data to identify the optimal wavelet filter for each GPS and INS component for high quality error estimation is presented. A comprehensive comparison of various wavelet thresholding selections with different level of decomposition is conducted to study the effect on GPS/INS error estimation while maintaining the original features of the signal. Results show that while some wavelet filters and thresholding selection algorithms perform better than others on each of the GPS and INS components, no specific parameter selection perform uniformly better than others.
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5

Baselga, Sergio, Luis García-Asenjo, Pascual Garrigues, and José Luis Lerma. "Inertial Navigation System Data Filtering Prior to GPS/INS Integration." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 4 (October 2009): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463309990117.

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In the integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS), the commonly used Kalman filter provides satisfactory results if both sources of information are continuously available. However, GPS outages provoke a fast degradation of precision, especially in low dynamic trajectories such as a mobile platform device held by a human operator. To deal with this problem we propose a data-filtering scheme to apply to INS raw data prior to the integration with GPS. The proposed technique proves to be very valuable for mitigating the high short-term instability of raw INS data during the walking movement and is also capable of eliminating the induced undesirable human operator vibrations. Final imposed corrections adapted to the particular dynamical response of the INS sensor provide comparably accurate results and often better than those achieved in similar works with the use of the Kalman filter.
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6

Nassar, Sameh, and Naser El-Sheimy. "Wavelet Analysis For Improving INS and INS/DGPS Navigation Accuracy." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 1 (January 2005): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463304003005.

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The integration of the Global Positioning System (DGPS) with an Inertial Navigation System (INS) has been implemented for several years. In an integrated INS/DGPS system, the DGPS provides positions while the INS provides attitudes. In case of DGPS outages (signal blockages), the INS is used for positioning until the DGPS signals are available again. One of the major issues that limit the INS accuracy, as a stand-alone navigation system, is the level of sensor noise. The problem with inertial data is that the required signal is buried into a large window of high frequency noise. If such noise component could be removed, the overall inertial navigation accuracy is expected to improve considerably. The INS sensor outputs contain actual vehicle motion and sensor noise. Therefore, the resulting position errors are proportional to the existing sensor noise and vehicle vibrations. In this paper, wavelet techniques are applied for de-noising the inertial measurements to minimize the undesirable effects of sensor noise and other disturbances. To test the efficiency of inertial data de-noising, two road vehicle INS/DGPS data sets are utilized. Compared to the obtained position errors using the original inertial measurements, the results showed that the positioning performance using de-noised data improves by 34%–63%.
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7

Chang, Jonathan, and Eric Sun. "Location3: How Users Share and Respond to Location-Based Data on Social." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 5, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14141.

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In August 2010 Facebook launched Places, a location-based service that allows users to check into points of interest and share their physical whereabouts with friends. The friends who see these events in their News Feed can then respond to these check-ins by liking or commenting on them. These data consisting of the places people go and how their friends react to them are a rich, novel dataset. In this paper we first analyze this dataset to understand the factors that influence where users check in, including previous check-ins, similarity to other places, where their friends check in, time of day, and demographics. We show how these factors can be used to build a predictive model of where users will check in next. Then we analyze how users respond to their friends’ check-ins and which factors contribute to users liking or commenting on them. We show how this can be used to improve the ranking of check-in stories, ensuring that users see only the most relevant updates from their friends and ensuring that businesses derive maximum value from check-ins at their establishments. Finally, we construct a model to predict friendship based on check-in count and show that cocheck-ins has a statistically significant effect on friendship.
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8

Tiano, A., A. Zirilli, M. Cuneo, and S. Pagnan. "Multisensor Data Fusion Applied to Marine Integrated Navigation Systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 219, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/147509005x10512.

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This paper deals with the problem of designing a flexible and accurate integrated navigation system (INS) for marine craft. The proposed INS is based on the integration of a global positioning system (GPS) with a compass and a speed log. After introducing the scopes and functions of the proposed INS, mathematical models of its main components are presented. Then the development of a new multisensor data fusion algorithm for carrying out an accurate estimation of the main state variables is presented. The theoretical background for the sensor fusion is based on the classical Kalman filter theory, which allows to update an a priori position estimate, given by a dead-reckoning system, with the information supplied by a GPS positioning system. Finally the filtering algorithm is extended in the framework of interval analysis and fuzzy set theory in order to improve the reliability and robustness of the estimation algorithm. The validity of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation examples applied to a container ship navigating in realistic conditions.
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9

Aftatah, Mohammed, Abdelkabir Lahrech, Abdelouahed Abounada, and Aziz Soulhi. "GPS/INS/Odometer Data Fusion for Land Vehicle Localization in GPS Denied Environment." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n1p62.

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The main purpose of this paper is to present a fusion approach to bridge the period of Global Positioning System (GPS) outages using two proprioceptive sensors that are the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and the odometer in order to assure a continuous localization for land vehicle in urban areas where GPS signal blockage is very often. Odometer and GPS measures are exploited to correct inertial sensor errors. In fact, during GPS availability, INS is integrated with GPS to provide accurate localization solution; whereas during GPS outages, the odometer measurements are used to correct the INS error thereby improving the positioning accuracy and assuring the continuity of navigation solution. The problem of estimation of vehicle localization is realized by Kalman Filter (KF) that merges sensor measurements. The paper thus introduces results from simulation and real data.
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10

Verjans, B., C. C. Petersen, and M. J. Berridge. "Overexpression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase in Xenopus oocytes inhibits agonist-evoked capacitative calcium entry." Biochemical Journal 304, no. 3 (December 15, 1994): 679–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3040679.

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Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase is a key enzyme in the regulation of Ins(1,4,5)P3. Overexpression of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase inhibited agonist-evoked and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4-evoked Ca2+ entry in Xenopus oocytes, but did not inhibit Ca2+ entry evoked by thapsigargin or non-metabolizable Ins(1,4,5)P3 analogues. The data suggest that Ins(1,4,5)P3 alone plays the crucial role in the activation of capacitative Ca2+ entry by emptying intracellular stores.
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11

OBERDORF, Jon, Jack M. WEBSTER, Chang Cheng ZHU, Su Ge LUO, and Richard J. H. WOJCIKIEWICZ. "Down-regulation of types I, II and III inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors is mediated by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway." Biochemical Journal 339, no. 2 (April 8, 1999): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3390453.

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Activation of certain phosphoinositidase-C-linked cell-surface receptors is known to cause an acceleration of the proteolysis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] receptors and, thus, lead to Ins(1,4,5)P3-receptor down-regulation. In the current study we have sought to determine whether the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway is involved in this adaptive response. The data presented show (i) that activation of phosphoinositidase-C-linked receptors causes Ins(1,4,5)P3-receptor ubiquitination in a range of cell types (AR4-2J cells, INS-1 cells and rat cerebellar granule cells), (ii) that the Ins(1,4,5)P3-receptor down-regulation induced by activation of these receptors is blocked by proteasome inhibitors, (iii) that all known Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors (types I, II and III) are substrates for ubiquitination, (iv) that ubiquitination occurs while Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors are membrane-bound, (v) that Ins(1,4,5)P3-receptor ubiquitination and down-regulation are stimulated only by those agonists that elevate Ins(1,4,5)P3 concentration persistently, and (vi) that a portion of cellular Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors (those that are not type-I-receptor-associated) can be resistant to ubiquitination and degradation. In total these data indicate that the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway mediates Ins(1,4,5)P3-receptor down-regulation and suggest that ubiquitination is stimulated by the binding of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to its receptor.
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12

Rand, Chris. "The ins and outs of data acquisition and analysis." Physics World 7, no. 1 (January 1994): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/7/1/34.

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13

Medan, Yoav, and Itzhack Bar-itzhack. "Batch Recursive Data Compression Schemes for INS Error Estimation." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-21, no. 5 (September 1985): 688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.1985.310597.

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14

Li, Bangxin, Guangwu Chen, Yongbo Si, Xin Zhou, Pengpeng Li, Peng Li, and Tobi Fadiji. "GNSS/INS Integration Based on Machine Learning LightGBM Model for Vehicle Navigation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 5565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115565.

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To solve the problem of data accuracy degradation of vehicle GNSS/INS integrated navigation systems when the GNSS signal is unavailable or there is a GNSS outage, this paper improves the existing GNSS/INS integration methodology for land vehicle navigation based on the AI method. First, a GNSS/INS integration methodology for land vehicle navigation based on position update architecture (PUA) using LightGBM regression for predicting the position of a vehicle during a GNSS outage is presented. It uses LightGBM to model the relationship between INS data and vehicle position changes. On-board INS and GNSS data are collected when the GNSS signal is available and are used to train the PUA-LightGBM model; in the event of a GNSS outage, INS data are used as the input to the PUA-LightGBM to predict the change in vehicle position. Second, a vehicle navigation data acquisition system was designed for model validation. This included a self-developed GNSS/INS integrated navigation system and a Novatel pwrpak7-e1 GNSS/INS integrated navigation system for data acquisition on six road segments. Finally, the collected data were used for machine learning training of the PUA-LightGBM model and the existing PUA-RandomForest model. As a result, the PUA-LightGBM predicts the vehicle position with less error in the event of a GNSS outage and takes less time to train. It was also demonstrated that by allowing the model to be dynamically trained or updated while the vehicle is moving the PUA-LightGBM could adapt perfectly to the predictions of vehicle position changes in different complex road segments.
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15

Li, Zengke, Nanshan Zheng, Jian Wang, and Jingxiang Gao. "Performance Comparison among Different Precise Satellite Ephemeris and Clock Products for PPP/INS/UWB Tightly Coupled Positioning." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 3 (November 27, 2017): 585–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000856.

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To meet the requirements of different applications, the International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service (IGS) has provided Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite ephemerides and clock products with different accuracy levels (final, rapid and ultra-rapid products). Comparison of Precise Point Positioning/Inertial Navigation System/Ultra Wideband (PPP/INS/UWB) tightly coupled positioning with different precise satellite ephemeris and clock products is made and corresponding data analysis is provided. Final, rapid and ultra-rapid products are applied in a PPP/INS/UWB integrated system. The field trajectories, position and velocity errors of the integrated system with different products are compared. The results indicate that PPP/INS/UWB tightly coupled positioning with final and rapid products achieves an accurate performance. Compared with the position resolution using final products, the position accuracy with the ultra-rapid products (observed half) is slightly reduced and the position accuracy with the ultra-rapid products (predicted half) has a 0·1–0·2 m reduction. The influence of precise satellite ephemeris and clock products is very minor for non-real-time positioning, relative to the accuracy of PPP/INS/UWB tightly coupled positioning.
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16

Bazinas, Christos, Eleni Vrochidou, Chris Lytridis, and Vassilis G. Kaburlasos. "Time-Series of Distributions Forecasting in Agricultural Applications: An Intervals’ Numbers Approach." Engineering Proceedings 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc20210050012.

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This work represents any distribution of data by an Intervals’ Number (IN), hence it represents all-order data statistics, using a “small” number of L intervals. The INs considered are induced from images of grapes that ripen. The objective is the accurate prediction of grape maturity. Based on an established algebra of INs, an optimizable IN-regressor is proposed, implementable on a neural architecture, toward predicting future INs from past INs. A recursive scheme tests the capacity of the IN-regressor to learn the physical “law” that generates the non-stationary time-series of INs. Computational experiments demonstrate comparatively the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
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17

Bazinas, Christos, Eleni Vrochidou, Chris Lytridis, and Vassilis Kaburlasos. "Time-Series of Distributions Forecasting in Agricultural Applications: An Intervals’ Numbers Approach." Engineering Proceedings 5, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021005012.

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This work represents any distribution of data by an Intervals’ Number (IN), hence it represents all-order data statistics, using a “small” number of L intervals. The INs considered are induced from images of grapes that ripen. The objective is the accurate prediction of grape maturity. Based on an established algebra of INs, an optimizable IN-regressor is proposed, implementable on a neural architecture, toward predicting future INs from past INs. A recursive scheme tests the capacity of the IN-regressor to learn the physical “law” that generates the non-stationary time-series of INs. Computational experiments demonstrate comparatively the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.
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18

Migliardo, F., S. Magazù, M. A. Gonzalez, and C. Mondelli. "Study of the Boson Peak and Fragility of Bioprotectant Glass-Forming Mixtures by Neutron Scattering." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/128271.

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The biological relevance of trehalose, glycerol, and their mixtures in several anhydrobiotic and cryobiotic organisms has recently promoted both experimental and simulation studies. In addition, these systems are employed in different industrial fields, such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as additives in mixtures for cryopreservation and in several formulations. This review article shows an overview of Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) data, collected at different temperature values by the OSIRIS time-of-flight spectrometer at the ISIS Facility (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, UK) and by the IN4 and IN6 spectrometers at the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL, Grenoble, France), on trehalose/glycerol mixtures as a function of the glycerol content. The data analysis allows determining the Boson peak behavior and discussing the findings in terms of fragility in relation to the bioprotective action of trehalose and glycerol.
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19

Greiner, Ralf, Adelazim Farouk, Marie Larsson Alminger, and Nils-Gunnar Carlsson. "The pathway of dephosphorylation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by phytate-degrading enzymes of different Bacillus spp." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 48, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w02-097.

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The pathway of dephosphorylation of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by the phytate-degrading enzymes of Bacillus subtilis 168, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATCC 15841, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 45 was established using a combination of high-performance ion chromatography analysis and kinetic studies. The data demonstrate that all the Bacillus phytate-degrading enzymes under investigation dephosphorylate myo-inositol hexakisphosphate by sequential removal of phosphate groups via two independent routes; the routes proceed via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 to Ins(2,4,5,6)P4 to finally Ins(2,4,6)P3 or D-Ins(2,5,6)P3 and via D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 to D-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4 to finally D-Ins(1,2,6)P3. The resulting myo-inositol trisphosphate D-Ins(1,2,6)P3 was degraded via D-Ins(2,6)P2 to finally Ins(2)P after prolonged incubation times in combination with increased enzyme concentration. Key words: Bacillus spp., myo-inositol phosphate isomers, phytase, phytate degradation.
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20

Ho, M. W., S. B. Shears, K. S. Bruzik, M. Duszyk, and A. S. French. "Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 specifically inhibits a receptor-mediated Ca2+-dependent Cl- current in CFPAC-1 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 272, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): C1160—C1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.4.c1160.

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We have examined the role of inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(3,4,5,6)P4] in the control of Cl- current in CFPAC-1 cells. Intracellular Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 had no effect on basal current, but it produced a five- to sevenfold reduction in the Cl- current stimulated by either 2 microM extracellular ATP or by 1 microM extracellular thapsigargin. The half-maximally effective dose of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 was 2.9 microM, and 4 microM blocked >80% of the ATP-activated current. In contrast, 10 microM Ins(1,4,5,6)P4, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, or Ins(1,3,4,6)P4 enhanced rather than inhibited the ATP-activated Cl- current, although Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 only acted transiently. These stimulatory effects were Ca2+ dependent and largely inhibited by coapplication of equimolar Ins(3,4,5,6)P4. Inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate, the precursor of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, did not affect Cl- current. These data consolidate and extend the hypothesis that Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is an important intracellular regulator of Cl- current in epithelial cells.
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21

Liebold, F., and H. G. Maas. "Integrated Georeferencing of LiDAR and Camera Data Acquired from a Moving Platform." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-3 (August 11, 2014): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-3-191-2014.

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This paper presents an approach for modeling the trajectory of a moving platform equipped with a laser scanner and a camera. In most cases, GNSS and INS is used to determine the orientation of the platform, but sometimes it is impossible to use GNSS, especially indoor applications should be mentioned here. INS has a bad error propagation without GNSS. In addition, the accuracy of GNSS and low-cost INS is limited and often not equivalent to the accuracy potential of laser scanners. For the camera, there exists the well-known alternative to obtain the orientation parameters via triangulation, for instance employing structure-from-motion techniques. But it is more challenging to find an alternative for the laser scanner, because of its sequential data acquisition. In the approach shown here, we propose to use a camera in combination with structure-from-motion techniques as the basis for determining the laser scanner trajectory parameters. For that purpose, we use piece-wise models for the trajectory through polynomial functions, supported by time-stamped matches between laser scanner and camera data.
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22

Smith, P. M. "Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 promotes sustained activation of the Ca2+-dependent Cl- current in isolated mouse lacrimal cells." Biochemical Journal 283, no. 1 (April 1, 1992): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2830027.

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Infusion of 50 microM-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 in addition to 500 microM-Ins(1,4,5)P3 into mouse lacrimal cells via a patch-clamp pipette promoted sustained activation of the Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- current, which could not be achieved with 500 microM-Ins(1,4,5)P3 alone. It has been proposed that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 facilitates Ca2+ influx in the presence of Ins(1,4,5)P3 [Morris, Gallacher, Irvine & Petersen (1987) Nature (London) 330, 653-655], but a subsequent study in mouse lacrimal cells [Bird, Rossier, Hughes, Shears, Armstrong & Putney (1991) Nature (London) 352, 162-165] showed that a high concentration of Ins(1,4,5)P3 could mobilize both intra- and extra-cellular Ca2+ in the absence of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. My data confirm these findings, but also show that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 can stimulate additional Ca2+ influx even when the Ins(1,4,5)P3-dependent intracellular Ca2+ pools have been depleted.
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23

Iturbe, Mikel, Iñaki Garitano, Urko Zurutuza, and Roberto Uribeetxeberria. "Towards Large-Scale, Heterogeneous Anomaly Detection Systems in Industrial Networks: A Survey of Current Trends." Security and Communication Networks 2017 (November 22, 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9150965.

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Industrial Networks (INs) are widespread environments where heterogeneous devices collaborate to control and monitor physical processes. Some of the controlled processes belong to Critical Infrastructures (CIs), and, as such, IN protection is an active research field. Among different types of security solutions, IN Anomaly Detection Systems (ADSs) have received wide attention from the scientific community. While INs have grown in size and in complexity, requiring the development of novel, Big Data solutions for data processing, IN ADSs have not evolved at the same pace. In parallel, the development of Big Data frameworks such as Hadoop or Spark has led the way for applying Big Data Analytics to the field of cyber-security, mainly focusing on the Information Technology (IT) domain. However, due to the particularities of INs, it is not feasible to directly apply IT security mechanisms in INs, as IN ADSs face unique characteristics. In this work we introduce three main contributions. First, we survey the area of Big Data ADSs that could be applicable to INs and compare the surveyed works. Second, we develop a novel taxonomy to classify existing IN-based ADSs. And, finally, we present a discussion of open problems in the field of Big Data ADSs for INs that can lead to further development.
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24

SAYERS, Lee G., Atsushi MIYAWAKI, Akira MUTO, Hiroshi TAKESHITA, Akitsugu YAMAMOTO, Takayuki MICHIKAWA, Teiichi FURUICHI, and Katsuhiko MIKOSHIBA. "Intracellular targeting and homotetramer formation of a truncated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor–green fluorescent protein chimera in Xenopus laevis oocytes: evidence for the involvement of the transmembrane spanning domain in endoplasmic reticulum targeting and homotetramer complex formation." Biochemical Journal 323, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3230273.

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In an attempt to define structural regions of the type I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] receptor [Ins(1,4,5)P3R] involved in its intracellular targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), we have employed the use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) to monitor the localization of a truncated Ins(1,4,5)P3R mutant containing just the putative transmembrane spanning domain and the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain [amino acids 2216-2749; termed inositol trisphosphate receptor(ES)]. We expressed a chimeric GFP-Ins(1,4,5)P3R(ES) fusion protein in Xenopus laevisoocytes, and used fluorescence confocal microscopy to monitor its intracellular localization. Fluorescence confocal microscopy data showed an intense fluorescence in the perinuclear region and in a reticular-network under the animal pole of the oocyte, consistent with the targeting of expressed GFP-Ins(1,4,5)P3R(ES) to perinuclear ER and ER under the animal pole. These findings are consistent with the intracellular localization of the endogenous Xenopus Ins(1,4,5)P3R shown previously. Furthermore, electron microscopy data indicate that expressed GFP-Ins(1,4,5)P3R(ES) is in fact targeted to the ER. Sodium carbonate extraction of microsomal membranes and cross-linking experiments indicate that the expressed chimeric protein is in fact membrane anchored and able to form a homotetrameric complex. Our data provides evidence that Ins(1,4,5)P3R(ES) constitutes the membrane spanning domain of the Ins(1,4,5)P3R and is able to mediate homotetramer formation, without the need for the large N-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Furthermore, the localization of GFP-Ins(1,4,5)P3R(ES) on the ER indicates that an ER retention/targeting signal is contained within the transmembrane spanning domain of the inositol trisphosphate receptor.
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Yang, Sheng, Leilei Li, Jingbin Liu, Qusen Chen, Xuewen Ding, Hongxing Sun, Yu Wu, Chunhua Ren, and Ning Hu. "Effective Cycle Slip Detection and Repair for PPP/INS Integrated Systems." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030502.

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Cycle slip (CS) is a primary error source in Precise Point Positioning/Inertial Navigation System (PPP/INS) integrated systems. In this study, an INS-aided CS detection and repair method is presented. It utilizes high-precision INS information instead of a pseudorange to remove the satellite–receiver geometric range in the wide-lane (WL) and ionospheric-free (IF) phase combinations and creates an INS-aided WL (WL-INS) model and an INS-aided IF (IF-INS) model. Since INS information is superior to pseudorange, the INS-aided models have high detection accuracy. However, the effectiveness of INS-aided models cannot persist for a long time because of INS accumulation error. To overcome the disturbance of INS error, improved INS-aided models are proposed. This idea takes advantage of the long wavelength of WL combination and tries to fix WL CS. Once it succeeds, the INS error can be evaluated and removed. The proposed method was tested using land vehicle data, in which simulated cycle slips and signal interruption were introduced. The results show that this method can accurately detect and repair different cycle slips between the continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) epoch. When it comes to the cycle slip after a GPS interruption, the method can also accelerate PPP re-convergence, as it is not affected by the inertial accumulation error.
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Paolantonio, A., D. Ferrucci, D. Santopadre, F. Di Stani, and L. Di Lorenzo. "Ultrasound guided onabotulinum injections in chronic migraine: Analy/INS;si/INS;s of first data of our experience." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 333 (October 2013): e514-e515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1816.

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Salamun, Tri. "PELAKSANAAN IZIN GANGGUAN DALAM USAHA KEDAI KOPI DI KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 7, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v7i3.270.

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<p><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T09:57">Keberadaan kedai kopi di Kota Banda Aceh </ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T09:58">semakin marak seiring dengan pulihnya kondisi perekonomian masyarakat pasca bencana Tsunami yang melanda Aceh pada akhir Tahun 2004.</ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T09:59"> Bisnis </ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T09:56">café dan kedai kopi khususnya di Kota Banda Aceh</ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T09:59"> berkembang menjadi tempat berkumpulnya masyarakat dalam melakukan rutinitas kesehariannya dengan latar belakang yang beragam</ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T09:56">.</ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:00">Banyaknya kedai kop</ins>i<ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:00"> ini disertai juga dengan dampak buruk antara lain menimbulkan </ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T09:57">terhadap lingkungan sekitar, atau kerugian-kerugian lainnya. </ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:01">Oleh karena itu </ins>untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan Izin Gangguan bagi usaha kedai kopi, untuk menjelaskan sebab penyelenggara usaha kedai kopi yang tidak sesuai Izin Gangguan dan untuk mengetahui upaya dari Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh dalam pengendalian Izin Gangguan dalam usaha kedai kopi<ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:01"> menjadi topik yang menarik untuk dibahas. Dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris terhadap permasalahan ini dihasilkan data </ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:02"> bahwa </ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:02">p</ins>elaksanaan ketentuan Izin Gangguan dalam usaha kedai kopi di Kota Banda Aceh belum dilaksanakan sepenuhnya. Ada yang telah melaksanakan sepenuhnya ketentuan dan ada yang belum melaksanakan sepenuhnya ketentuan. <ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:03">Sehingga </ins><ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:03">seharusnya </ins>para pelaku usaha melaksanakan kegiatan usaha sesuai ketentuan Izin Gangguan<ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:03">. Selain itu</ins> Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh <ins cite="mailto:Windows%20User" datetime="2018-11-06T10:03">perlu</ins> meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap Izin Gangguan, serta segera menyelesaikan pembuatan peraturan baru tentang Izin Gangguan.</p>
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Wen, Z. C., Y. Li, X. L. Guo, and X. X. Zhang. "DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GNSS/INS TIGHTLY-COUPLED NAVIGATION SOFTWARE FOR LAND VEHICLES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-3/W1-2022 (April 22, 2022): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-3-w1-2022-213-2022.

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Abstract. Due to the development of society, the city center is full of high-rise buildings and the traffic becomes increasingly convenient; accordingly, there is a high demand for high-precision savigation in such areas. This paper studied the GNSS/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated navigation algorithm and developed software that can process GNSS data and IMU data. To verify the positioning performance of the algorithm, we collect the data of onboard GNSS and IMU in an urban environment and compare the results of GNSS positioning and GNSS/INS tightly-coupled navigation. The horizontal and 3D positioning accuracy of GNSS/INS tightly coupling is better than 0.8 m and 1.2 m, respectively. Compared to GNSS, the 3D and horizontal position precision of GNSS/INS tightly coupling improved by 17.4 % and 54.9 %, respectively. It proves that the GNSS/INS tightly-coupled navigation can provide higher-precision and more robust positioning results.
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Li, Zhenwei, Yongmei Cheng, Xiaodong Zhang, Yachong Zhang, and Shaohua Yang. "A novel INS/ADS integrated navigation method based on INS error model-aided unbiased converted measurement." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 6 (March 7, 2022): 065006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac5441.

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Abstract In the inertial navigation system (INS)/ air data system (ADS) integrated navigation system, the measurements of INS and ADS need to be converted to a unified coordinate for fusion. However, the sensor noises cause serious conversion bias in the direct measurement conversion method. In this paper, a novel INS/ADS integrated navigation method based on INS error model-aided unbiased converted measurement (IEM-UCM) is proposed. First, the IEM-UCM model of ADS data from spherical frame to navigation frame is developed, which exploits the INS error model to calculate the compensation factors. Subsequently, the noise covariance of the converted measurement is derived. Finally, a standard Kalman filter (KF) is implemented for INS/ADS integrated navigation. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of the unbiasedness and consistency of the converted measurement. The root mean square error values indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in navigation accuracy.
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Batty, I. H., and S. R. Nahorski. "Analysis of [3H]inositol phosphate formation and metabolism in cerebral-cortical slices. Evidence for a dual metabolism of inositol 1,4-bisphosphate." Biochemical Journal 288, no. 3 (December 15, 1992): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2880807.

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Muscarinic-receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in rat cerebral cortex was investigated by analysis of the kinetics of [3H]inositol phosphate formation and degradation in myo-[2-3H]inositol-labelled tissue slices. Carbachol stimulated rapid (5 s) increases in the concentrations of [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3, [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and [3H]Ins(1,4)P2. Stimulated accumulation of [3H]Ins(1,3,4)P3, [3H]Ins(1,3)P2 and [3H]Ins(3,4)P2 and [3H]Ins(1/3)P or of [3H]Ins(4)P occurred only subsequently and with a sequence indicating formation by successive dephosphorylation of [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 or of Ins(1,4)P2 respectively. A similar sequence was inferred from the order of rapidity with which the accumulations of [3H]inositol polyphosphates, resulting from sustained (5 min) carbachol stimulation in the presence of LiCl, were reversed when muscarinic receptors were subsequently blocked with atropine. During this latter period of receptor blockade, radiolabel lost from [3H]inositol polyphosphates was quantitively recovered as [3H]inositol monophosphates owing to effective inhibition of monophosphatase by Li+, and the rate of poly- into mono-phosphate conversion was similar to agonist-stimulated rates of monophosphate accumulation. This implies that, even during persistent stimulation, polyphosphoinositide, not PtdIns, is the substrate for phosphoinositidase C. Quantitative comparison of the degradation of [3H]inositol poly- to mono-phosphates after receptor blockade unexpectedly suggests the dual hydrolysis of [3H]Ins(1,4)P2 to [3H]Ins(1)P and [3H]Ins(4)P. This result advises cautious interpretation of the origin of [3H]Ins(1)P in stimulated tissue, but, with other data presented, allows calculation from the observed ratio of [3H]Ins(1/3)P:[3H]Ins(4)P that a minimum of approx. 50% of the [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 produced during persistent muscarinic-receptor stimulation is metabolized by Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase.
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Shults, R. "SIMULATION OF INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM ERRORS AT AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FROM UAV." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1/W1 (May 31, 2017): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-w1-345-2017.

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The problem of accuracy determination of the UAV position using INS at aerial photography can be resolved in two different ways: modelling of measurement errors or in-field calibration for INS. The paper presents the results of INS errors research by mathematical modelling. In paper were considered the following steps: developing of INS computer model; carrying out INS simulation; using reference data without errors, estimation of errors and their influence on maps creation accuracy by UAV data. It must be remembered that the values of orientation angles and the coordinates of the projection centre may change abruptly due to the influence of the atmosphere (different air density, wind, etc.). Therefore, the mathematical model of the INS was constructed taking into account the use of different models of wind gusts. For simulation were used typical characteristics of micro electromechanical (MEMS) INS and parameters of standard atmosphere. According to the simulation established domination of INS systematic errors that accumulate during the execution of photographing and require compensation mechanism, especially for orientation angles. MEMS INS have a high level of noise at the system input. Thanks to the developed model, we are able to investigate separately the impact of noise in the absence of systematic errors. According to the research was found that on the interval of observations in 5 seconds the impact of random and systematic component is almost the same. The developed model of INS errors studies was implemented in Matlab software environment and without problems can be improved and enhanced with new blocks.
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Lee, So-Hee, and Hee-Byung Yoon. "GPS/INS Data Fusion and Localization using Fuzzy Inference/UPF." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 19, no. 3 (June 25, 2009): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2009.19.3.408.

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Xu, Tian Lai, and Yang Tian. "Research on Integrated Navigation Algorithm Based on ANFIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.438.

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Combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) can improve the navigation performance that is superior to either one. This paper proposed and discussed an INS/GPS integrated navigation method based on adaptive neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to fuse INS and GPS data. In this method, an ANFIS network was trained to mimic the error dynamical model of INS when GPS signals were available. If GPS outages occur, the trained ANFIS network is utilized to bridge the GPS outages. Simulations in INS/GPS integrated navigation system show the proposed method can reduce the positioning error during GPS outages.
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Xu, Tian Lai, and Yang Tian. "Research on Seamless INS/GPS Integrated Navigation Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 1178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1178.

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This paper proposed and discussed an INS/GPS integrated navigation method based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) to fuse INS and GPS data. When GPS signals were available, an adaptive Kalman filter was used to improve the estimation accuracy of INS errors, and then the RBFNN structure was trained to mimic the dynamical error model of INS. If GPS signals were unavailable, the trained RBFNN structure was utilized to bridge the GPS outages to achieve seamless navigation. Simulations in INS/GPS integrated navigation system showed the proposed method can reduce the positioning error during GPS outages.
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Sasiadek, J. Z., Q. Wang, and M. B. Zaremba. "INS/GPS Navigation Data Fusion Using Fuzzy Adaptive Kalman Filtering." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 27 (September 2000): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)37966-1.

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Hu, Gaoge, Shesheng Gao, Yongmin Zhong, Bingbing Gao, and Aleksandar Subic. "Matrix weighted multisensor data fusion for INS/GNSS/CNS integration." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 230, no. 6 (September 9, 2015): 1011–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410015602723.

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Ye, You Yi, and Xiang Zhao. "Study on Data Fusion Algorithm in High Dynamic GPS/INS Integrated Navigation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2280.

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This document explains how to aim at low-precision in navigation and position of Inertial Navigation System and dependence of Global Positioning System. A combination of these two systems provides good compensations for each other. GPS/INS integrated navigation system in high dynamic environment is studied, an integrated algorithm based on the pseudo-range and pseudo-range rate is introduced. By analyzing the error model of INS and GPS navigation systems, the state equation and the observation equation are founded. Finally, data fusion algorithm is simulated using kalman filtering algorithm, simulation results show that the data fusion algorithm can improve reliability and maturity of integrated navigation system.
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Ryu, Ji Hyoung, Ganduulga Gankhuyag, and Kil To Chong. "Navigation System Heading and Position Accuracy Improvement through GPS and INS Data Fusion." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7942963.

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Commercial navigation systems currently in use have reduced position and heading error but are usually quite expensive. It is proposed that extended Kalman filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) be used in the integration of a global positioning system (GPS) with an inertial navigation system (INS). GPS and INS individually exhibit large errors but they do complement each other by maximizing the advantage of each in calculating the heading angle and position through EKF and UKF. The proposed method was tested using low cost GPS, a cheap electronic compass (EC), and an inertial management unit (IMU) which provided accurate heading and position information, verifying the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
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Stephens, L. R., and C. P. Downes. "Product-precursor relationships amongst inositol polyphosphates. Incorporation of [32P]Pi into myo-inositol 1,3,4,6-tetrakisphosphate, myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, myo-inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate and myo-inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate in intact avian erythrocytes." Biochemical Journal 265, no. 2 (January 15, 1990): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2650435.

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Avian erythrocytes were incubated with myo-[3H]inositol for 6-7 h and with [32P]Pi for the final 50-90 min of this period. An acid extract was prepared from the prelabelled erythrocytes, and the specific radioactivities of the gamma-phosphate of ATP and of both the myo-inositol moieties (3H, d.p.m./nmol) and the individual phosphate groups (32P, d.p.m./nmol) of [3H]Ins[32P](1,3,4,6)P4,[3H]Ins[32P](1,3,4,5)P4, [3H]Ins[32P](3,4,5,6)P4 and [3H]Ins[32P](1,3,4,5,6)P5 were determined. The results provide direct confirmation that one of the cellular InsP4 isomers is Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 which is synthesized by sequential phosphorylation of the 1,4,5 and 3 substitution sites of the myo-Ins moiety, precisely as previously deduced [Batty, Nahorski & Irvine (1985) Biochem. J. 232, 211-215; Irvine, Letcher, Heslop & Berridge (1986) Nature (London) 320, 631-634]. This is compatible with the proposed synthetic route from PtdIns via PtdIns4P, PtdIns(4,5)P2 and Ins(1,4,5)P3. The data also suggest that, in avian erythrocytes, the principle precursor of Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 is Ins(3,4,5,6)P4. Furthermore, if the gamma- (and/or beta-) phosphate of ATP is the precursor of the phosphate moieties of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, then this isomer must be derived from the phosphorylation of Ins(3,4,6)P3. If the gamma- (and/or beta-) phosphate of ATP similarly acts as the ultimate precursor to all of the phosphates of Ins(1,3,4,6)P4, then, in intact avian erythrocytes, the main precursor of Ins(1,3,4,6)P4 is Ins(1,4,6)P3. This contrasts with the expectation, based on results with cell-free systems, that Ins(1,3,4,6)P4 is synthesized by the direct phosphorylation of Ins(1,3,4)P3.
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Wu, Yuanyuan, A. David Smith, Nasser E. Bastani, Helga Refsum, and Timothy Kwok. "The dihydrofolate reductase 19-bp deletion modifies the beneficial effect of B-vitamin therapy in mild cognitive impairment: pooled study of two randomized placebo-controlled trials." Human Molecular Genetics 31, no. 7 (November 12, 2021): 1151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddab246.

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Abstract Background: Higher serum homocysteine is associated with cognitive decline in older people. But homocysteine-lowering trials including folic acid (FA) show inconsistent results on cognitive decline. The reduction of FA to dihydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is slow in humans. Objective: We examined the effects of the DHFR 19-bp deletion/insertion (del/ins) polymorphism on FA-containing treatment on cognitive decline and brain atrophy in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: This study used pooled data from two randomized B-vitamin trials on 545 MCI subjects who received either FA-containing B vitamins or placebo for 24 months. Subjects were typed for the DHFR genotype. Primary outcome was the Clinical Dementia Rating scale-global score (CDR-global). Secondary outcomes were CDR-sum of boxes score (CDR-SOB), memory and executive Z-scores and whole brain atrophy rate by serial MRI. Results: The proportions of subjects with del/del, del/ins and ins/ins genotype were 29.5, 44.3 and 26.1%, respectively. DHFR genotypes modified the effects of B vitamins on CDR-global, CDR-SOB and executive function Z-score (Pinteraction = 0.017, 0.014 and 0.052, respectively), with significant benefits being observed only in those with ins/ins genotype (Beta = −1.367, −0.614 and 0.315, P = 0.004, 0.014 and 0.012, respectively). The interaction was not significant for memory Z-score and whole brain atrophy rate. Notably, the supplements only slowed brain atrophy in members of the ‘ins/ins’ group who were not using aspirin. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the beneficial effects of B vitamins including FA on cognitive function are only apparent in those with ins/ins genotype, i.e. relatively better preserved DHFR activity.
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Wei, Y., and Y. Li. "IMPACT OF SENSOR DATA SAMPLING RATE IN GNSS/INS INTEGRATED NAVIGATION WITH VARIOUS SENSOR GRADES." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-3/W1-2022 (April 22, 2022): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-3-w1-2022-205-2022.

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Abstract. The fast-growing small-size equipment requires robust navigation with low power consumption and high positioning accuracy. However, as the mainstream robust navigation method against different environments, GNSS/INS causes excessive power dissipation. Considering downsampling is confirmed as a simple but efficient way to reduce energy usage, this paper focuses on the impact of sensor data sampling rate in GNSS/INS integrated navigation to give guidance for selecting proper GNSS/INS rates. Specifically, we first simulated data sequences with various sensor grades and then downsampled them into multiple sampling rates, followed by positioning accuracy evaluation. Experiment results have shown that GNSS interval caused more significant degradation of the navigation accuracy than the IMU rate. Meanwhile, the 5 sec GNSS interval with the 20 Hz IMU rate may be the most suitable for a power-accuracy trade-off solution in our experiments, which has a 16% reduction in positioning accuracy compared to the standard sampling rate combination (i.e, 1 sec GNSS interval and 200 Hz IMU sampling rate).
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Svilicic, Rudan, Jugović, and Zec. "A Study on Cyber Security Threats in a Shipboard Integrated Navigational System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100364.

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The integrated navigational system (INS) enhances the effectiveness and safety of ship navigation by providing multifunctional display on the basis of integration of at least two navigational functions, the voyage route monitoring with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) and collision avoidance with radar. The INS is essentially a software platform for fusion of data from the major ECDIS and radar systems with sensors for the additional navigation functions of route planning, status and data display, and alert management. This paper presents a study on cyber security resilience examination of a shipboard INS installed on a RoPax ship engaged in international trade. The study was based on a mixed-method approach, combining an interview of the ship's navigational ranks and cyber security testing of the INS using an industry vulnerability scanner. The identified threats were analyzed qualitatively to study the source of cyber risks threatening the INS. The results obtained point out cyber threats related to weaknesses of the INS underlying operating system, suggesting a need for occasional preventive maintenance in addition to the regulatory compliance required.
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Höer, A., D. Höer, and E. Oberdisse. "Properties of a soluble inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase from porcine brain." Biochemical Journal 270, no. 3 (September 15, 1990): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2700715.

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We have previously shown that Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 is degraded to Ins(1,4,5)P3 by a soluble Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 3-phosphatase from pig brain [Höer, Kwiatkowski, Seib, Rosenthal, Schultz & Oberdisse (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 154, 668-675]. Here we present some properties of this enzyme using [5-32P]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 as substrate. The molecular mass, estimated by gel filtration chromatography on a Superose 6 column, was determined to be 36 kDa. The 3-phosphatase showed a high affinity towards the substrate Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 (Km approximately 400 nM); the Vmax. of the freshly prepared enzyme was 2 nmol/min per mg of protein. The influence of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4)P3, the reaction products of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 hydrolysis by either 3- or 5-phosphatase respectively, on the 3-phosphatase was tested. Both isomers inhibited the enzyme, with Ki values of about 2 microM and 1.75 microM for Ins(1,3,4)P3 and Ins(1,4,5)P3 respectively. Enzyme activity was not influenced by Mg2+ up to 30 mM or Ca2+ up to 1 mM. Commercially available Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 from turkey erythrocytes produced a marked inhibition of the 3-phosphatase (Ki approximately 500 nM). Significant inhibitory effects on enzyme activity were also found with GTP and the pyrimidine nucleotides UTP and CTP. The kinetic data presented here suggest that the Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 3-phosphatase may be regulated by the intracellular concentrations of inositol tris- and tetrakis-phosphates.
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Ban, Yalong, Quan Zhang, Xiaoji Niu, Wenfei Guo, Hongping Zhang, and Jingnan Liu. "How the Integral Operations in INS Algorithms Overshadow the Contributions of IMU Signal Denoising Using Low-Pass Filters." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 6 (August 7, 2013): 837–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463313000465.

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This paper has made a comprehensive investigation of the contribution of inertial measurement unit (IMU) signal denoising in terms of navigation accuracy, through theoretical analysis, simulations and real tests. Analysis shows that the integral step in the inertial navigation system (INS) algorithm is essentially equivalent to a super low-pass filter (LPF), whose filtering strength is related to the integral time of the INS. Therefore the contribution of the IMU denoising filter is almost completely overshadowed by the effect of the integral step for normal navigation cases. The theoretical analysis result was further verified by the simulations with an example of inertial angle estimation and by real tests of INS and GPS/INS systems. Results showed that the IMU signal denoising cannot bring observable improvement to INS or GPS/INS systems. This conclusion is strictly valid in the condition that the equivalent cut-off frequency of the integral step (which equals the reciprocal of the INS working alone time) is lower than the cut-off frequency of the denoising filter, which is the usual case for INS applications (except for some static data processing such as the stationary alignment of INS).
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Jeong, Eun-Bi, Shin-Hye Joo, Cheol Oh, Duk-Geun Yun, and Jae-Hong Park. "Algorithm for Identifying Highway Horizontal Alignment using GPS/INS Sensor Data." Journal of the Korean Society of Road Engineers 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2011): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7855/ijhe.2011.13.2.175.

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46

Fan, Qigao, Yaheng Wu, Jing Hui, Lei Wu, Zhenzhong Yu, and Lijuan Zhou. "Integrated Navigation Fusion Strategy of INS/UWB for Indoor Carrier Attitude Angle and Position Synchronous Tracking." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/215303.

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In some GPS failure conditions, positioning for mobile target is difficult. This paper proposed a new method based on INS/UWB for attitude angle and position synchronous tracking of indoor carrier. Firstly, error model of INS/UWB integrated system is built, including error equation of INS and UWB. And combined filtering model of INS/UWB is researched. Simulation results show that the two subsystems are complementary. Secondly, integrated navigation data fusion strategy of INS/UWB based on Kalman filtering theory is proposed. Simulation results show that FAKF method is better than the conventional Kalman filtering. Finally, an indoor experiment platform is established to verify the integrated navigation theory of INS/UWB, which is geared to the needs of coal mine working environment. Static and dynamic positioning results show that the INS/UWB integrated navigation system is stable and real-time, positioning precision meets the requirements of working condition and is better than any independent subsystem.
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47

Fan, Qigao, Biwen Sun, Yan Sun, Yaheng Wu, and Xiangpeng Zhuang. "Data Fusion for Indoor Mobile Robot Positioning Based on Tightly Coupled INS/UWB." Journal of Navigation 70, no. 5 (April 17, 2017): 1079–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000194.

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This paper proposes a novel sensor fusion approach using Ultra Wide Band (UWB) wireless radio and an Inertial Navigation System (INS), which aims to reduce the accumulated error of low-cost Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Inertial Navigation Systems used for real-time navigation and tracking of mobile robots in a closed environment. A tightly-coupled model of INS/UWB is established within the integrated positioning system. A two-dimensional kinematic model of the mobile robot based on kinematics analysis is then established, and an Auto-Regressive (AR) algorithm is used to establish third-order error equations of the gyroscope and the accelerometer. An Improved Adaptive Kalman Filter (IAKF) algorithm is proposed. The orthogonality judgment method of innovation is used to identify the “outliers”, and a covariance matching technique is introduced to judge the filter state. The simulation results show that the IAKF algorithm has a higher positioning accuracy than the KF algorithm and the UWB system. Finally, static and dynamic experiments are performed using an indoor experimental platform. The results show that the INS/UWB integrated navigation system can achieve a positioning accuracy of within 0·24 m, which meets the requirements for practical conditions and is superior to other independent subsystems.
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48

Cubitt, A. B., E. Geras-Raaka, and M. C. Gershengorn. "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor occupancy determines the fraction of the responsive pool of inositol lipids hydrolysed in rat pituitary tumour cells." Biochemical Journal 271, no. 2 (October 15, 1990): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2710331.

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We report that there are distinct thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-responsive and -unresponsive pools of inositol (Ins) lipids in rat pituitary tumour (GH3) cells, and present evidence that the size of the responsive pool is determined by the number of activated TRH-receptor complexes. By use of an experimental protocol in which cycling of [3H]Ins is inhibited and resynthesis occurs with unlabelled Ins only, we were able to measure specifically the effects of TRH on the hydrolysis of the Ins lipids present before stimulation. A maximally effective dose of TRH (1 microM) caused a time-dependent decrease in 3H-labelled Ins lipids that attained a steady-state value of 42 +/- 1% of the initial level between 1.5 and 2 h. After 2 h, even though there was no further decrease in 3H-labelled Ins lipids, and no increase in [3H]Ins or [3H]Ins phosphates, turnover of Ins lipids, as assessed as incorporation of [32P]Pi into PtdIns, continued at a rate similar to that in cells incubated without LiCl or unlabelled Ins. These data indicate that Ins lipid turnover was not desensitized during prolonged TRH stimulation. Depletion of lipid 3H radioactivity by TRH occurred at higher TRH doses on addition of the competitive antagonist chlordiazepoxide. Addition of 1 microM-TRH after 3 h of stimulation by a sub-maximal (0.3 nM) TRH dose caused a further decrease in 3H radioactivity to the minimum level (40% of initial value). We propose that the TRH-responsive pool of Ins lipids in GH3 cells is composed of the complement of Ins lipids that are within functional proximity of activated TRH-receptor complexes.
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49

Bi, Shuhui, Liyao Ma, Tao Shen, Yuan Xu, and Fukun Li. "Neural network assisted Kalman filter for INS/UWB integrated seamless quadrotor localization." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (July 14, 2021): e630. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.630.

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Due to some harsh indoor environments, the signal of the ultra wide band (UWB) may be lost, which makes the data fusion filter can not work. For overcoming this problem, the neural network (NN) assisted Kalman filter (KF) for fusing the UWB and the inertial navigation system (INS) data seamlessly is present in this work. In this approach, when the UWB data is available, both the UWB and the INS are able to provide the position information of the quadrotor, and thus, the KF is used to provide the localization information by the fusion of position difference between the INS and the UWB, meanwhile, the KF can provide the estimation of the INS position error, which is able to assist the NN to build the mapping between the state vector and the measurement vector off-line. The NN can estimate the KF’s measurement when the UWB data is unavailable. For confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method, one real test has been done. The test’s results demonstrate that the proposed NN assisted KF is effective to the fusion of INS and UWB data seamlessly, which shows obvious improvement of localization accuracy. Compared with the LS-SVM assisted KF, the proposed NN assisted KF is able to reduce the localization error by about 54.34%.
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50

Raile, Klemens, Michele O'Connell, Angela Galler, George Werther, Peter Kühnen, Heiko Krude, and Oliver Blankenstein. "Diabetes caused by insulin gene (INS) deletion: clinical characteristics of homozygous and heterozygous individuals." European Journal of Endocrinology 165, no. 2 (August 2011): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-11-0208.

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BackgroundMutations of the preproinsulin gene (INS) account for both permanent neonatal diabetes (PND) and adult-onset diabetes. The molecular mechanism of complete INS deletion has recently been published and we now add clinical data of homozygous and heterozygous subjects as well as the detailed mapping of the 646 bp deletion of the INS gene.MethodsLocation and size of the INS deletion was mapped in one case with PND and INS genotype of the whole family was further characterized by breakpoint-spanning PCR. The phenotype of monoallelic loss of INS was studied in 33 adult family members of a large consanguineous kindred with INS deletion.ResultsThe 646 bp deletion was found in two individuals with PND that included exons 1 and 2 of the INS gene (chr11: g.2138434_2139080del646) and results in loss of approximately half of the preproinsulin protein. The two boys with homozygous INS deletion (D/D) presented with reduced birth weight, PND within the first 24 h of life and complete absence of C-peptide. Adult family members with the N/D had diabetes onset with earliest 25 years, while the oldest subject without diabetes was 45 years. INS-deletion-diabetes was initially treated with oral antidiabetic drugs but then transferred to insulin within 5–16 years. Overall, N/D-subjects (n=11) had a higher risk to develop insulin-dependent diabetes up to the fifth decade, if compared with normal subjects (n=22).ConclusionComplete loss of the human INS gene results in neonatal diabetes, while heterozygous INS deletion is a strong risk factor for developing insulin-dependent diabetes at adult age.
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