Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Input-output'
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Romeike, Ralf. "Output statt Input." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6431/.
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Die in der Fachdidaktik Informatik im Zusammenhang mit den Bildungsstandards seit Jahren diskutierte Outputorientierung wird mittelfristig auch für die Hochschullehre verbindlich. Diese Änderung kann als Chance aufgefasst werden, aktuellen Problemen der Informatiklehre gezielt entgegenzuwirken. Basierend auf der Theorie des Constructive Alignment wird vorgeschlagen, im Zusammenhang mit der Outputorientierung eine Abstimmung von intendierter Kompetenz, Lernaktivität und Prüfung vorzunehmen. Zusätzlich profitieren Lehramtsstudenten von den im eigenen Lernprozess erworbenen Erfahrungen im Umgang mit Kompetenzen: wie diese formuliert, erarbeitet und geprüft werden. Anforderungen an die Formulierung von Kompetenzen werden untersucht, mit Beispielen belegt und Möglichkeiten zur Klassifizierung angeregt. Ein Austausch in den Fachbereichen und Fachdidaktiken über die individuell festgelegten Kompetenzen wird vorgeschlagen, um die hochschuldidaktische Diskussion zu bereichern.
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Shah, Rushina(Rushina Jaidip). "Input-output biomolecular systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129016.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 194-206).
The ability of cells to sense and respond to their environment is encoded in biomolecular reaction networks, in which information travels through processes such as production, modification, and removal of biomolecules. These reaction networks can be modeled as input-output systems, where the input, state and output variables are concentrations of the biomolecules involved in these reactions. Tools from non-linear dynamics and control theory can be leveraged to analyze and control these systems. In this thesis, we study two key biomolecular networks. In part 1 of this thesis, we study the input-output behavior of signaling systems, which are responsible for the transmission of information both from outside and from within the cells, and are ubiquitous, playing a role in cell cycle progression, survival, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. A signaling pathway transmits information from an upstream system to downstream systems, ideally in a unidirectional fashion.
A key obstacle to unidirectional transmission is retroactivity, the additional reaction flux that affects a system once its species interact with those of downstream systems. In this work, we identify signaling architectures that can overcome retroactivity, allowing unidirectional transmission of signals. These findings can be used to decompose natural signal transduction networks into modules, and at the same time, they establish a library of devices that can be used in synthetic biology to facilitate modular circuit design. In part 2 of this thesis, we design inputs to trigger a transition of cell-fate from one cell type to another. The process of cell-fate decision-making is often modeled by means of multistable gene regulatory networks, where different stable steady states represent distinct cell phenotypes. In this thesis, we provide theoretical results that guide the selection of inputs that trigger a transition, i.e., reprogram the network, to a desired stable steady state.
Our results depend uniquely on the structure of the network and are independent of specific parameter values. We demonstrate these results by means of several examples, including models of the extended network controlling stem-cell maintenance and differentiation.
by Rushina Shah.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Zbranek, Jaroslav. "Konstrukce a využití časových input-output tabulek v kontextu dynamizovaného input-output modelu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191805.
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The aim of the dissertation thesis is to develop a methodology of the compilation of symmetric Time Input-Output tables under the conditions of the Czech Republic. The following aim is to create an input-output model which is based on the compiled symmetric Time Input-Output tables. For the practical applications of this model it is crucial to link the created Input-Output model with the Semi-Dynamic Input-Output model. Semi-Dynamic Input-Output model in the conception of the submitted dissertation thesis takes into account several multiplier effects and presents more comprehensive tool for the use of the Input-Output analyses in this way. The first chapter focuses on the development of the issues linked to the Input-Output tables and analyses on the territory of the Czech Republic and in the world as well. The second chapter which is also theoretical is focused on mapping of different kinds of Input-Output analyses which are done in the world using Physical, Time or Hybrid Input-Output tables. The third chapter is a purely methodological because here it is described the methodology of the compilation of symmetric Time Input-Output tables as well as methodological approach to the various sensitivity analyses. The fourth chapter focuses on the creation Semi-Dynamic Input-Output model and on the formal linking with the Input-Output model based on the Time Input-Output tables. The last fifth chapter is focused analytically. Methods described in the third chapter are applied on the official published data on the Czech economy. The analytical chapter is perceived in the submitted dissertation thesis as a tool for the sensitivity analysis in the sense of validation of the quality of the compiled Time Input-Output tables.
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Gordon, Andrew Donald. "Functional programming and input/output." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259479.
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Santos, Bruno Miguel Ferreira dos. "Bios: Biological input-output systems." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2197.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesEste projecto visa a produção de um aparelho portátil para monitorização/análise da actividade cardíaca. Recebendo como entrada o sinal cardíaco (ECG - electrocardiograma), o dispositivo detecta a característica do sinal e, com base nessa característica, averigua se ocorreu alguma anomalia, produzindo um sinal de alarme se tal acontecer. O aparelho em causa tem que ser acessível, ter um baixo consumo energético, e a detecção de anomalias tem de ser efectuada em tempo real. Para que esta ultima condição se verificasse, o software implementado requer o mínimo de computação possível, de forma a efectuar todas as operações de detecção e análise num prazo limite de tempo, mantendo-se um detector fiável. O detector foi optimizado para uma frequência de entrada de 200Hz, e implementado em computador pessoal e num DSP (Digital Signal Processor – processador de sinal digital) desenvolvido pela Microchip. Ambas as implementações foram testadas recorrendo a sinais cardíacos fornecidos pela MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. Os testes desenvolvidos têm o propósito de testar a “qualidade” do detector e possíveis limitações do microprocessador usado, particularmente, no que diz respeito à capacidade de executar a detecção de anomalias cardíacas em tempo real. ABSTRACT: This project intends to produce a portable device for monitoring/analysis of cardiac activity. Receiving the cardiac signal (ECG – electrocardiogram) as input, the device detects the signal’s characteristics and, based upon those characteristics, checks whether some anomaly has occurred, producing an alarm signal in such case. The aforementioned device has to be affordable, low-power consumption, and the detection of anomalies has to be done in real-time. For this last condition to be verified, the implemented software requires as little computation as possible, so as to carry out all of the detection and analysis operations in a specified amount of time, while maintaining the characteristics of a reliable detector. The detector has been optimized for an input sampling frequency of 200Hz, and it has been implemented in a personal computer and in a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), developed by Microchip. Both implementations have been tested resorting to cardiac signals supplied by the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The tests that have been developed are designed to verify the quality of the detector, as well as possible limitations of the microprocessor used, particularly, when it comes to the ability to carry out the detection of cardiac anomalies in real-time.
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Linarello, Andrea. "Trade, input output linkages, and productivity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284454.
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This thesis investigates various aspects of international trade. In the first chapter, I study the effect of exporting on firms productivity. Specifically, I examine the extent to which export shocks are transmitted along the production chain through input-output linkages. I find that when firms expand into foreign markets, the increase in the derived demand for intermediates boosts the productivity of domestic input suppliers. In the second chapter, I focus on the determinants of markups at firm-product level. I find that when firms start to export new products, the effect on markups depends on the product characteristics. While, on average, markup adjustments do not appear to play a role, for more differentiated products I find evidence of an increase in markups. In the third chapter, I study the relation between exports and patent innovation. Results show that export shocks have a positive effect on firms' innovation. Firms invest the extra profits from the export market to finance the sunk costs of innovation.Aquesta tesi investiga diversos aspectes del comerç internacional. En el primer capìtol analitzo els efectes de l'exportaciò sobre la productivitat de les empreses. En particular, estudio en quina mesura els xocs d'exportaciò es transmeten al llarg de la cadena de producciò a travès d'enllaços input-output. Trobo que quan les empreses s'expandeixen en els mercats estrangers, l'augment de la demanda derivada d'inputs intermedis impulsa la productivitat dels proveïdors d'aquests inputs. En el segon capìtol em centro en quins sòn els determinants dels mark-ups a nivell dels productes de cada empresa. Trobo que quan les empreses comencen a exportar nous productes, els efectes sobre els mark-ups depenen de les caracterìstiques dels productes. Mentre que en mitjana els ajustaments dels mark-ups no semblen exercir cap rol, si que ho fan per als productes mès diferenciats. En el tercer capìtol estudio la relaciò entre l'exportaciò i l'innovaciò de patents. Els resultats mostren que els xocs d'exportaciò tenen un efecte positiu en les empreses d'innovaciò. Les empreses inverteixen els beneficis addicionals del mercat d'exportaciò per finançar els costos enfonsats de la innovaciò.
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Leanderson-Andréas, Elinne. "Input - output : låtskrivandes utveckling genom samspel." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-1453.
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Det här projektet handlar om att utveckla mitt låtskrivande och vikten av att få både input och output från mina medmusiker och därigenom inspiration till att komponera och arrangera. Jag skriver låtar i genren pop/singer-songwriter men då jag själv är violinist har jag valt att spela med bara stråkinstrument och sång. Bandet består av mig som sjunger och spelar fiol, en cellist och en violinist som även sjunger. I arbetet kan man läsa om processen genom komponerande, arrangerande och repeterande av de fyra låtarna jag har skrivit. Målet är att skriva låtar, arrangera dem, repetera dem, spela in dem i studio, mixa låtarna och sedan spela dem på en konsert. Dessutom finns det ett mål att utvecklas musikaliskt och personligt och våga stå för den musik jag skriver. Nu finns låtarna upplagda på internet (http:// soundcloud.com/violinne) och jag är mycket nöjd med resultatet.This project is about developing my songwriting and the importance of getting both input and output from my fellow musicians and thereby inspired to compose and arrange. I write songs in the genre of pop / singer-songwriter but as I myself am a violinist, I have chosen to play with only stringed instruments and vocals. The band consists of me singing and playing the violin, a cello and a violin player who also sings. In this project, you can read about the process by composing, arranging and repeating the four songs I've written. The goal is to write songs, arrange them, repeat them, record them in the studio, mix songs and have a public play. There is also a personal goal to evolve musically and personally, and self courage of the music I write. Now there are songs uploaded on the Internet (http://soundcloud.com/ violinne) and I am very happy with the results.
Bilaga: 1 CD
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Lowe, John G. "Construction productivity : an input-output approach." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1441.
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This Thesis describes an approach to the development and testing of a model that can compare construction performance across time, space, and economic system. Labour and capital productivity measures as well as the multi-factor approach were evaluated. Capital productivity alone, as a 'pure' financial ratio, appears able to deal with the key problems posed by indexation, to deal with inflation for time-series comparisons, and fluctuating currency exchange rates, for international comparisons. The major flaws with traditional capital productivity measures, particularly the problems inherent in valuing the 'capital' employed in a given industry or sector, are discussed and the model is developed to meet the objections. The notion of capital productivity employed in the model, while in computational terms similar to the traditional approach, is different in philosophical terms. Thus instead of than attempting to 'value' the capital employed in the productive process, the cost of capital 'sunk' is valued making allowance for notional depreciation based on the balance of the different types of assets employed. The discount rate emerges by counterpoising the discounted value of anticipated future profits against the historic cost of investment sunk into the current stock of capital goods. There are problems specific to construction, in particular the incidence of off-site prefabrication and plant hire, which tend to make traditional capital productivity largely irrelevant to the construction process. An input-output framework is used to examine the productivity involved in the total building process as opposed to the on-site activities. In addition, the problems of incompatibility across economic systems manifested in such issues as differential rates of indirect taxation etc., is allowed for by adjusting the price levels from market prices to 'eigenprices' an input-output based approach. The resulting model is tested via an inter-industry time-series Case Study of the UK over the period 1948 to 1990 using six broad industrial groupings. The strengths and weaknesses of the approach are discussed in the light of the Case Study results.
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Dean, Laura (Laura Gayle) 1979. "Improved simulation of input/output automata." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86806.
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Thesis (M.Eng. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
byLaura Dean.
M.Eng.and S.B.
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Mavrommatis, Panayiotis P. "Simulation of timed input/output automata." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36395.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74).
This Master of Engineering Thesis describes the design, implementation, and usage of the TIOA Simulator. The TIOA Simulator, along with the other components of the TIOA Toolset aims to provide a framework for developing dependable distributed systems. The project is based on the Timed Input/Output Automaton framework, and supports TIOA, a formal language for specifying timed I/O automata. Simulation of TIOA programs is useful in the process of testing the proposed system over a specific set of executions. During the execution the Simulator is able to test proposed invariants and validate a proposed simulation relation between the system's implementation and its specification. A step correspondence between the steps of the implementation and the specification drives the validation of the simulation relation. The identification and validation of the invariants and the simulation relation constitutes the first step towards a formal verification of the system's correctness. The proposed step correspondence can be used in a formal proof to show that the proposed relation is indeed a simulation relation.
by Panayiotis P. Mavrommatis.
M.Eng.
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Savoie, Charles. "Input-output analysis and growth theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:df6791d1-39b2-478f-9682-957f46b3defb.
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This thesis studies a theory for the amplification of technological improvement by the production network structure of the economy. The theory is motivated by the idea that, to the extent that inputs and outputs of industries form a chain, improvements are passed down the chain and accumulate multiplicatively. Under a simple model for technological improvement it is possible to compute the overall improvement factor for the general case where the production network has a complicated structure containing cycles. We call this the trophic depth by analogy with ecology. This leads to testable predictions about GDP growth and its variance. We analyse data for 40 countries and 35 industries from 1995 to 2009 and demonstrate that trophic depths are strongly correlated with economic growth. A regression of GDP growth of countries against their trophic depths has a highly statistically significant R-squared equal to 0.38, and when other standard explanatory variables are added to the regression, the trophic depth remains a robust and statistically significant contributor. We perform some statistical analysis to understand the evolution of trophic depths at different stage of the economic development. We identify two growth paths. Along the first growth path, countries are catching up frontier economies while along the second growth path countries are falling behind. This approach allows us to make some forecasts about the evolution of trophic depths and of the wealth of countries. This provides a comprehensive framework to understand the acceleration and deceleration of economic growth. Then, we study another type of technological progress that corresponds to the adoption of new goods in the production chain. This mechanism is related to the dynamic of the production network and for this purpose we perform a link prediction analysis to determine some key factors for new adoptions. Finally, we analyse the relation between stock return comovement and institutional preferences across stocks of various size. A growing literature highlights the role of investors' common asset holdings on market dynamics. While previous studies focused on large stocks we also include small stocks in the sample in order to acknowledge the shift in institutional preferences towards small stocks over the last decades. Moreover, we add the input-output linkages between firms from different industries to our set of explanatory variables.
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Pelko, Miha. "Input to output transfer in neurons." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20441.
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Computational modelling is playing an increasing role in neuroscience research by providing not only theoretical frameworks for describing the activity of the brain and the nervous system, but also by providing a set of tools and techniques for better understanding data obtained using various recording techniques. The focus of this thesis was on the latter - using computational modelling to assist with analyzing measurement results and the underlying mechanisms behind them. The first study described in this thesis is an example of the use of a computational model in the case of intracellular in vivo recordings. Intracellular recordings of neurons in vivo are becoming routine, yielding insights into the rich sub-threshold neural dynamics and the integration of information by neurons under realistic situations. In particular, these methods have been used to estimate the global excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances experienced by the soma. I first present a method to estimate the effective somatic excitatory and inhibitory conductances as well as their rate and event size from the intracellular in vivo recordings. The method was applied to intracellular recordings from primary motor cortex of awake behaving mice. Next, I studied how dendritic filtering leads to misestimation of the global excitatory and inhibitory conductances. Using analytical treatment of a simplified model and numerical simulations of a detailed compartmental model, I show how much both the mean, as well as the variation of the synaptic conductances are underestimated by the methods based on recordings at the soma. The influence of the synaptic distance from the soma on the estimation for both excitatory as well as inhibitory inputs for different realistic neuronal morphologies is discussed. The last study was an attempt to classify the synaptic location region based on the measurements of the excitatory postsynaptic potential at two different locations on the dendritic tree. The measurements were obtained from the in vitro intercellular recordings in slices of the somatosensory cortex of rats when exposed to glutamate uncaging stimulation. The models were used to train the classifier and to demonstrate the extent to which the automatic classification agrees with manual classification performed by the experimenter.
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Sanz, Joseph. "Synaptic input and output of hippocampal interneurons." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242874.
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GOMES, LUIS FERNANDO VIEIRA. "INTELLIGENT INPUT/OUTPUT CONTROLLER FOR CYGNUS COMPUTER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1992. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10076@1.
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O sistema Cygnus é um computador multiprocessador de
memória compartilhada e estrutura modular desenvolvido
pelos departamentos de Energia Elétrica e Informática da
PUC/RJ.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo a introdução de um novo
controlador de acesso a discos e impressora. Este
controlador é baseado no microprocessador 68010 e
utiliza
técnicas de implementação de memórias cachê de disco em
um
ambiente de multiprogramação onde processos, através de
troca de mensagens, cooperam para aceitar várias
solicitações simultâneas provenientes dos diversos
processadores que compõem o sistema.The Cygnus system is a multiprocessor computere based on a modular structure with shared memory, which was developed at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of PUC/RJ. The goal of this work is the introduction of a new controller to access disks and printer. This controller is based on the 68010 microprocessor unit and employs implementation techniques of disk caching in a multitask environment. In this environment, processes cooperate via message passing to serve simultaneous requests issued by other processors in the system.
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Thomas, Christopher Alexander. "Input and output legitimacy in WTO law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268032.
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This thesis provides an analysis of the complex relationship between law and legitimacy in the WTO. It focuses on the notional dichotomy between ‘Member-driven’ (input-based) and ‘results-oriented’ (output-based) narratives of the WTO’s legitimacy, and how such narratives are both framed by, and reflected in, WTO law. It demonstrates how these narratives are used to legitimate the exercise of legal power in ways that exceed the reach of their internal normative claims; how they are used to displace responsibility for decision-making in the WTO; and the consequences of choosing to emphasize particular forms of legitimacy for our understandings of the WTO’s place in the world. In the process, the thesis also seeks to destabilize these legitimacy narratives by highlighting their partial, contingent and often mutually contradictory natures. The thesis proceeds in three parts. The first part (Chapter Two) clarifies what is meant by the terms ‘power’ and ‘legitimacy’ as used in the thesis and stresses their significance for WTO law. The second part (Chapters Three and Four) addresses two key input-oriented narratives of legitimacy associated with WTO law — those of consent and democracy. It argues that although consent has been central to understanding the legitimacy of WTO law as it is, and democracy is increasingly advanced in relation to WTO law as it should be, both narratives suffer from serious normative and descriptive limitations. The third part delves further into the concept of output legitimacy and its limits (Chapter Five), before exploring its application in relation to the legal-institutional dynamics of WTO negotiation rounds (Chapter Six) and the treatment of economic evidence in WTO dispute settlement (Chapter Seven). This part ultimately concludes that a more critical engagement with the concept of output legitimacy could open up productive avenues for rethinking the law and practice of the WTO.
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Goldman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth Jerome). "Distributed algorithm simulation using input/output automata." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13647.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-244).
by Kenneth J. Goldman.
Ph.D.
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Kanday, Balaji Madapuci. "Microcontroller Based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Transmitter." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605952.
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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper describes how a microcontroller based system can be used to generate the signals needed in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system transmitter. The limited computational speed of the microcontroller, along with other tasks which the controller may need to handle, places limits on the throughput of the system, and the complexity of the MIMO signal design. However this can be a low cost design, and the microcontroller can be used to perform other operations in the system, which may make it attractive in some applications.
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Woicik, Richard. "A FLEXIBLE MULTIFUNCTION TELEMETRY INPUT/OUTPUT MODULE." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606458.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaMany high-performance, reconfigurable data functions can now be integrated into a single PCI circuit board, making possible low-cost and complex systems using PCs or UNIX workstations. FPGA and PCI technologies are an excellent match to telemetry applications where commercial off-the-shelf solutions are desired, but customization is common and performance critical. A Multifunction Telemetry I/O (MFT) module was designed to exploit these technologies for both flight test and space telemetry ground systems. The reconfigurability of the module has facilitated evolutionary hardware enhancements as well as custom applications. These enhancements have been used both as building blocks for system integrators and for commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) graphic setup, processing, archiving, and display software. The MFT module includes a standard set of telemetry functions: up to two bit synchronizers, an IRIG time decoder, and two independent telemetry serial input and output channels. The MFT module is also available on a 6U VME board. This paper describes some of the proven capabilities and applications of this module.
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Tran, Tuan-Anh. "Multiple-input multiple-output optical wireless communications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:094fbe23-88c3-49c4-b64b-a1de40674123.
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Visible-light optical wireless communications (OWC) is a potential technology that can help resolve the crowdedness of the radio-frequency bands, whilst conveniently exploiting energy-saving light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as transmitters for both illumination and communications. Since there usually are many LEDs in a lighting unit, OWC has a multi- input multi-output (MIMO) geometry which, thanks to its channel diversity, can offer wireless local networks at data-rates many times higher than possible with single-channel systems. In such systems, MIMO-detection methods to separate the different optical channels play an important role in improving the system performance by helping reduce cross-talk between channels. To measure the performance of a particular geometry for MIMO communications, a simulation study, reported in this thesis, found that, amongst the signal- independent metrics, the condition number may be used as a rough predictor of the performance, whilst the channel Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise Ratio (SINR) is the most appropriate for geometry assessment. Combined with the fact that the overall performance of a MIMO system is mostly dominated by its worst channel, this indicates that the most effective way to improve the system performance is to maximise the worst channel’s SINR. One of the possible solutions to improving the SINRs is to use holograms to steer the transmitter images such that their distributions over the photo-detectors reduce overlaps. As LEDs emit partially-coherent light, the beam steering has to be carried out with partially- coherent illumination. By using two lenses to parallelise and collect partially-coherent light before and after the hologram, respectively, the source and image intensity distributions, and the autocorrelation of the hologram can be related in a succinct mathematical relationship. This leads to the development of three computational algorithms based on the autocorrelation function to obtain a quantised hologram with the desired beam-steering capability. These algorithms have their cost functions and performance comparison done at the hologram plane instead of the image plane, which therefore takes less time than traditional image-based methods. Specifically, one of these algorithms is able to save significant time over both the other autocorrelation-based algorithms and the direct binary-search, by 33% and by 50% respectively. A simulation-based study and a corresponding experiment, both reported in this thesis, found that the one of the proposed algorithms had poor power efficiency, whilst the other two were both highly effective in generating digital holograms with precise and power-efficient beam-steering performance. Of these two algorithms, one had superior time performance and was likely the best of the three proposed autocorrelation-based algorithms for generating beam-steering holograms. MIMO-OWC simulation also demonstrated the capability of using beam-steering holograms to design the channel and improve the system performance. Combining reported findings, a strategy can be devised to optimise the throughput of an imaging MIMO-OWC system for a given transmitted power.
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Baskar, Siddharth. "Architecture for Multi Input Multi Output CompressiveRadars." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503302518672948.
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Psaltopoulos, Demetrios. "Input-output analysis of Scottish forestry strategies." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU079046.
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First, the thesis investigates the interrelationships between the forestry sector and other components of the rural economy, through the application of the Generation of Regional Input-Output Tables (GRIT) technique to the estimation of an input-output table for the rural areas of Scotland. This is followed by a forestry-centred multiplier analysis. Second, the thesis considers the implications of alternative forestry development scenarios in Scotland over the next several decades for land use, timber production and processing, agriculture, and rural employment. Six alternative afforestation scenarios ranging from 'no further planting' to 'accelerated expansion' are defined, including 'lowland' and 'green forestry', and a 'most-likely' scenario. This analysis is carried out through a simulation model which is built on a spreadsheet, and consists of base-period data and parameters, followed by successive projected decade blocks. Taking account of labour productivity trends in both forestry and agriculture, scenario-specific calculations produce future values of forest area, wood output, transfer of farmland, displaced agricultural employment, and forest employment created. A distinction is drawn between current (decade-specific) and accumulated (rotation-specific) forest jobs created on transferred agricultural land and existing forest areas. In this way, the future implications of different assumptions as to future forestry policy are produced. Finally, scenario-specific projections for the year 2050 concerning new planting area and total wood production are converted into gross input value estimates for the Forestry Planting and Harvesting sectors. Alternative assumptions which represent extremes of correspondence between the domestic Forestry and Wood Processing sectors yield new levels of gross national (Scottish) output. The adjustment of the national input-output tables is then followed by their regionalisation through the application of GRIT and the estimation of scenario-specific regional direct, indirect and induced output, income and employment effects.
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Dang, Bing. "Integrated Input/Output Interconnection and Packaging for GSI." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14001.
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In this research, a set of integrated I/O interconnection and packaging technologies are investigated. MEMS-based sea-of-leads (SoL) compliant interconnects are demonstrated to be promising to eliminate the need for underfill between a Si chip and organic packaging substrate. Wafer-level packaging with the compliant interconnects can largely reduce the impact on the fragile low-k interlevel dielectric (ILD) films. The technology feasibility of the SoL MEMS I/O interconnects is demonstrated by process integration, assembly, and reliability assessment. To achieve the high power dissipation with compact form factor, integrated thermal-fluidic I/O interconnects and CMOS compatible microchannels are developed to enable a prototype on-chip microfluidic heat sink. In addition, highly integrated electrical and optical interconnects based on dual-mode polymer pillars are fabricated, assembled and tested as a potential solution to the I/O bandwidth bottleneck. The resulting integrated I/O interconnection and packaging technologies are compatible with back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) wafer processing and conventional flip-chip assembly.
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Hernańdez, Correa Evelio. "Control of nonlinear systems using input-output information." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11176.
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Bailey, Robert Reid. "Input-output modeling of material flows in industry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19104.
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Cadotte, Patrick. "Robust bounded-input bounded-output stability of systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100331.
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Two research problems involving the class of discrete-time signals bounded in magnitude are addressed in this thesis. The first problem concerns robust stability of systems with repeated, structured, linear time-varying, and induced-ℓinfinity-norm bounded perturbations. The second problem consists in the design of an ℓ₁-optimal controller that allows for flexible management of the tradeoff between the ability of a system to attenuate disturbance signals versus its expected worst peak-to-peak amplification. Original solutions to both problems are provided and their efficiency is assessed with examples and applications.
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McColm, Elizabeth Jo. "Input/output linearisation : issues of modelling and applicability." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320826.
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Field, K. F. "Input-output technology forecasting : A micro-foundation approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382318.
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Keays, William G. (William George) 1960. "Using high-bandwidth input/output in interactive art." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61839.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-78).
Are we making the best use of commonly available high-bandwidth input/output ( I/O) devices on our computers? How would research on this subject be affected if it were driven by a purely artistic mandate? The bandwidth in question refers specifically to video input and output devices, the only high-bandwidth devices that are on found on common, conventional computers. Under normal circumstances, these devices transmit moving two dimensional images at rapid refresh rates; this high-bandwidth is a prerequisite for the capturing and viewing of motion images. A great potential exists in using this high-throughput capacity in applications that do not simply convey continuous moving images. In the burgeoning field of highly technological interactive art, a large number of works suffer from poorly adapted interface mechanisms. New high-bandwidth I/O configurations can serve to derive improved interfaces for the creation of interactive art. This course of research is not driven solely by the desire to create new technology and improved modes of interaction. As the the infusion of rapid-changing technology in art reaches popular levels, the role of the artist in society is equally in flux. The definition of such a role is sought as part of this thesis. These goals are accomplished through the study of the nature and history of interactivity in art, the development of new prototypes, the creation and exhibition of interactive art works in public spaces, and through a close analysis of the role of the artist-scientist in contemporary society.
b William G. Keays.
S.M.
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Nygren, Johannes. "Input-Output Stability Analysis of Networked Control Systems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Reglerteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-272344.
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The main focus of the thesis is to derive stability criteria for networked control system (NCS) models featuring imperfections such as time-varying and constant delays, quantization, packet dropouts, and non-uniform sampling intervals. The main method of proof is based on matrix algebra, as opposed to methods using Lyapunov functions or integral quadratic constraints (IQC). This work puts a particular focus on handling systems with a single integrator. This framework is elaborated in different specific directions as motivated by practical realizations of NCSs, as well as through numerical examples. A novel proof of the discrete time multivariate circle criterion and the Tsypkin criterion for systems including a single integrator is presented, as well as a stability criterion for linear systems with a single integrator subject to variable sampling periods and sector-bounded nonlinear feedback. Four stability criteria for different classes of systems subject to packet loss and time-varying delay are given. Stability criteria for a closed loop system switching between a set of linear time-invariant systems (LTIs) are proved. This result is applied to a single-link NCS with feedback subject to packet loss. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions for delay-independent stability of an LTI system subject to nonlinear feedback are derived.
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Petersen, Samuel. "Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems for Spinning Vehicles." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605956.
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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper investigates the performance of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communication system, when the transmitter is located on a spinning vehicle. In particular, a 2x2 MIMO system is used, with Alamouti coding at the transmitter. Both Rayleigh and Rayleigh plus line-of-sight, or Rician, models combined with a deterministic model to simulate the channel. The spinning of the transmitting vehicle, relative to the stationary receive antennas, modulates the signal, and complicates the decoding and channel parameter estimation processes. The simulated system bit error rate is the primary performance metric used. The Alamouti channel code is shown to perform better than the maximal ratio receiver combining (MRRC) and single receiver (2x1) system in some circumstances and performs similarly to the MRRC in the broadside case.
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Zhang, Peichang. "Coherent versus differential multiple-input multiple-output systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/376511/.
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In recent years, Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques have attracted substantial attention due to their capability of providing spatial diversity and/or multiplexing gains. Inspired by the concept of Spatial Modulation (SM), the novel concept of Space-Time-Shift-Keying (STSK) was recently proposed, which is considered to have the following advantages: 1) STSK constitutes a generalized shift keying architecture, which is capable of striking the required trade-off between the required spatial and time diversity as well as multiplexing gain and includes SM and Space Shift Keying (SSK) as its special cases. 2) Its high degree of design-freedom, the above-mentioned flexible diversity versus multiplexing gain trade-off can be achieved by optimizing both the number and size of the dispersion matrices, as well as the number of transmit and receive antennas. 3) Similar to the SM/SSK schemes, the Inter-Antenna-Interference (IAI) may be eliminated and consequently, the adoption of single-antenna-based Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection becomes realistic in STSK schemes. In this report, our investigation can be classified into two major categories, Coherent STSK (CSTSK) and Differential STSK (DSTSK) schemes. For CSTSK, since Channel State Information (CSI) is required for data detection, Channel Estimation (CE) techniques become necessary. To be more explicit, we first briefly review the conventional Training Based CE (TBCE) and Semi-Blind CE (SBCE) schemes for the CSTSK MIMO schemes. In addition, we develop a Blockof-Bits Selection Based CE (BBSBCE) algorithm for CSTSK schemes for increasing the overall system’s throughput, while improving the accuracy of the CE. Additionally, it has been widely recognised that MIMO schemes are capable of achieving a diversity and/or multiplexing gain by employing multiple Antenna Elements (AEs) at the transmitter and/or the receiver. However, it should also noted that since MIMO systems utilize multiple RF chains, their power consumption and hardware costs become substantial. Against this background, we introduce the concept of (Antenna Selection) AS and propose a simple yet efficient AS algorithm, namely the Norm-Based Joint Transmit and Receive AS (NBJTRAS) for assisting MIMO systems. For DSTSK, since no CSI is required for differential detection schemes, it also draws our attention. However, in the absence of CE, the Conventional Differential Detection (CDD) schemes usually suffer from a 3 dB performance degradation and may exhibit an error-flow when Doppler frequency is excessive. In order to mitigate this problem, we investigate Multiple-Symbol Differential Sphere Detection (MSDSD) scheme and adopt it in our DSTSK scheme to improve the system performance, while reducing the detection complexity. Furthermore, based on our MSDSD detected DSTSK scheme, we propose a DSTSK aided Multi-User Successive Relaying aided Cooperative System (MUSRC), which is capable of supporting various number of users flexibly, while covering the conventional 50% throughput loss due to the half-duplex transmit and receive constraint of practical transceivers.
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Šafr, Karel. "Analýza dopadů regulací pomocí dynamického input-output modelu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194207.
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This diploma thesis discusses utilization of dynamic Input-Output models as a basis for decision-making for policy makers. The first part is focused on theoretical derivation of the basic dynamic models. This part is followed by a practical application of the presented models, which proposes a method of deriving the matrix of capital and it facilitates the construction of data sources. The results show that the dynamic models are usable, but it is necessary to take into consideration their structural constraints and data limits. Data applied for 2009 show that the economic crisis has led to a 6% decline in GVA growth rates.
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Liu, Shuiyin. "Lattice decoding for multi-input multi-output communications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9248.
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This thesis is concerned with decoding for wireless communications. In particular, computationally efficient lattice decoding algorithms are exploited to further improve the system performance. Based on this idea, five technical chapters are presented in this thesis. In Chapter 2, we propose novel lattice decoding based on segment Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) algorithm to further reduce the decoding complexity of coded Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) cooperative channel. In particular, we extend the original segment LLL algorithm to the complex version, and prove that it can achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). In Chapter 3, we present randomized lattice decoding based on Klein's sampling technique, which is a randomized version of Babai's nearest plane algorithm (i.e., successive interference cancellation). We analyze and optimize the performance of randomized lattice decoding resulting in reduced decoding complexity, and propose a very efficient implementation of random rounding. Chapter 4 is concerned with bounded distance decoding (BDD) based embedding technique. The embedding technique is used to reduce the γ-BDD problem to 1/(2γ)-unique shortest vector problem 1/(2γ)-uSVP). WE prove that the Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász (LLL) algorithm can achieve 1/(2γ)-BDD for γ ≈ O(2n) for embedding decoding. We also prove that BDD of the regularized lattice is optimal in terms of the DMT. In Chapter 5, we present a detailed study of the soft output MIMO decoding. We show that the randomized decoding algorithm is an efficient way to compute soft output. In order to improve soft output quality, we propose variants of soft output decoding based on the sampling technique and embedding technique. Moreover, we derive a lower bound on the search radius for which list-based decoding can provide a near optimal solution to soft output. In Chapter 6, the performance limits of lattice reduction-aided precoding are investigated. The proximity factor is defined to measure the worst-case transmission power gap to sphere precoding. The second moment over precoding region is defined to measure the average-case transmission power loss. Afterward, low dimension lattice precoding is proposed to further reduce the transmission power.
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Moodley, Shomenthree. "Energy emissions input-output analysis in South Africa." Pretoria: [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07292008-113130/.
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Wong, Kevin. "Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Tablet/ Phone Charger." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/925.
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This thesis entails the design and implementation of a multiple input single output (MISO) DC-DC converter using the flyback topology to charge tablets/ smartphones or any USB powered portable device. The MISO converter will enable the use of various renewable energy sources such as a solar panel/ rechargeable battery combination, bicycle dynamo, hydroelectric power, and wind turbine. This paper will cover the design, simulations, and test results of the MISO converter. The flyback topology was chosen due to its low part count and its efficiency at low power. The proposed converter has a nominal 12V input to output USB 2.0 requirements (5V at 2.5W). Results from both computer simulation using LTSpice and hardware tests demonstrate the functionality of the proposed MISO converter with solar/battery and bicycle dynamo inputs. Overall performance of the converter in terms of efficiency, line and load regulations, as well as its charging ability to a cell phone will be presented in this report.
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Gangemi, Michael Andrew, and michael gangemi@rmit edu au. "Modeling The Economic Impact of A Farming Innovation Group On A Regional Economy - A Top-Down Versus Hybrid Input-Output Approach." RMIT University. Economics, Finance And Marketing, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080828.163749.
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This thesis involves construction of input-output models measuring the economic impact of a farming innovation organisation (The Birchip Cropping Group) on the Victorian regional economy of Buloke Shire. The input-output modeling undertaken is of two forms; the first being a simple naïve top-down model, and the second a more sophisticated hybrid model. The naïve top-down model is based on input-output coefficients drawn from the Australian national input-output tables, and is regarded as naïve because these input-output coefficients are not adjusted to take account of local economic factors. The hybrid model uses the same national input-output coefficients as a base, and then modifies these coefficients to better reflect industrial conditions in the Shire using a location quotients-adjustment technique, as well as using original survey data collected from entities operating in Buloke Shire. One of the aims of the thesis is to determine whether the simpler naïve top-down approach produces results consistent with the theoretically more accurate hybrid methodology, and thus whether the naïve top-down approach represents a reliable method of conducting regional economic impact analysis. That is, can such studies be undertaken accurately using a naïve top down approach, or is it necessary to adopt the more resource intensive methodology of a hybrid model. The results of the analysis suggest construction of a hybrid model is advisable, as generally the naïve top-down approach produces over-estimates of the economic effects of the Birchip Cropping Group. That is, it appears the economic impact multipliers estimated with the naïve top-down model are too large, suggesting the time and effort involved in constructing the hybrid model was worthwhile. Using the hybrid model, the conclusion is that the Birchip Cropping Group has a significant affect on the regional economy of Buloke Shire, with the economic impact being estimated at close to $600,000 in additional output, $61,000 in additional income, and 3.5 additional jobs per year.
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Uppal, Momin Ayub. "Code design for multiple-input multiple-output broadcast channels." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1783.
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Yu, Kai. "Modeling of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Propagation Channels." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Signals, Sensors and Systems, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1478.
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In recent years, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)systems appear to be very promising since they can provide highdata rates in environments with sucient scattering byexploiting the spatial domain. To design a real MIMO wirelesssystem and predict its performance under certain circumstances,it is necessary to have accurate MIMO wireless channel modelsfor dierent scenarios. This thesis presents dierent models forindoor MIMO radio propagation channels based on 5.2 GHz indoorMIMO channel measurements.The recent research on MIMO radio channel modeling isbriey reviewed in this thesis. The models are categorized intonon-physical and physical models. The non-physical modelsprimarily rely on the statistical characteristics of MIMOchannels obtained from the measured data while the physicalmodels describe the MIMO channel (or its distribution) via somephysical parameters. The relationships between dierent modelsare also discussed.For the narrowband case, a non line-of-sight (NLOS)indoor MIMO channel model is presented. The model is based on aKronecker structure of the channel covariance matrix and thefact that the channel is complex Gaussian. It is extended tothe line-of-sight (LOS) scenario by estimating and modeling thedominant component separately.As for the wideband case, two NLOS MIMO channel modelsare proposed. The rst model uses the power delay prole and theKronecker structure of the second order moments of each channeltap to model the wideband MIMO channel while the second modelcombines a simple single-input single-output (SISO) model withthe same Kronecker structure of the second order moments.Monte-Carlo simulations are used to generate indoor MIMOchannel realizations according to the above models. The resultsare compared with the measured data and good agreement has beenobserved.
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Levitt, Matthew. "Identification and estimation of quantum linear input-output systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47478/.
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The system identification problem is to estimate dynamical parameters from the output data, obtained by performing measurements on the output fields. We investigate system identification for quantum linear systems. Our main objectives are to address the following general problems: (1) Which parameters can be identified by measuring the output? (2) How can we construct a system realisation from sufficient input-output data? (3) How well can we estimate the parameters governing the dynamics? We investigate these problems in two contrasting approaches; using time-dependent inputs (Sec. 3.7.1 or time-stationary (quantum noise)) inputs (Sec. 3.7.2). In the time-dependent approach, the output fields are characterised by the transfer function. We show that indistinguishable minimal systems in the transfer function are related by symplectic transformations acting on the space of system modes (Ch. 6). We also present techniques enabling one to find a physical realisation of the system from the input-output data. We present realistic schemes for estimating passive quantum linear systems at the Heisenberg limit (Ch. 7) under energy resource constraint. ‘Realistic’ is our primary concern here, in the sense that there exists both experimentally feasible states and practical measurement choices that enable this heightened performance for all passive quantum linear systems. We consider both single parameter and multiple parameter estimation. In the stationary approach, the characteristic quantity is the power spectrum. We define the notion of global minimality for a given power spectrum, and characterise globally minimal systems as those with fully mixed stationary state (Sec. 6.1). The power spectrum depends on the system parameters via the transfer function. Our main result here is that under global minimality the power spectrum uniquely determines the transfer function, so the system can be identified up to a symplectic transformation (see Secs. 6.5, 6.4 6.11). We also give methods for constructing a globally minimal subsystem directly from the power spectrum (see Sec. 6.3). These results hold for pure inputs, we discuss extensions to mixed inputs and the use of additional input channels; using an appropriately chosen input in the latter case ensures that the system is always globally minimal (hence identifiable). Finally, we discuss a particular feedback control estimation problem in Chs. 8 and 9. In general, information about a parameter within a quantum linear system may be obtained at a linear rate with respect to time (in both approaches above); the so-called standard scaling. However, we see that when the system destabilises, so that its system matrix has eigenvalues very close to the imaginary axis, the quantum Fisher information is enhanced, to quadratic (Heisenberg) level. We give feedback methods enabling one to destabilise the system and give adaptive procedures for realising the Heisenberg bounds.
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Choi, Taelim. "Economic and environmental input-output modeling: building material recycling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45924.
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A key dimension to improving urban economic and environmental sustainability is the efficient use of resources through recycling. A thriving recycling system requires not only effective institutional policies and community-wide diversion efforts, but also a competent local and regional recycling industry. Although the recycling industry has traditionally been recognized as a local service and fringe industry, it has noticeably transformed into an integral segment of industrial production systems as manufacturers have increasingly begun to adopt the principle of extended producer responsibility. Despite such changes, urban and regional theory and planning research has largely disregarded the industrial aspect of recycling, contributing to the dearth of information about the organizational and spatial patterns of the recycling industry and the impact of the establishment of recycling systems on local and regional scales.
Given the knowledge gap, this dissertation addresses two questions: 1) What is the logic of the industry organization and spatial pattern of recycling industry in different institutional contexts? and 2) How is the economic and environmental impact of recycling systems determined in cases of construction and demolition waste recycling and waste carpet recycling? To answer the first question, this research develops a theoretical model that explains how recycling industrial activities are spatially distributed in light of institutional and organizational theories. The theoretical model characterizes organizational decisions pertaining to recycling functions and suggests spatial patterns of recycling systems.
With respect to the second question, this research constructs a regional environmental input-output model on the metropolitan scale. It estimates regionalized energy use coefficients and greenhouse gas emission coefficients using various sources of data mainly compiled from the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey 2006, the State Energy Consumption Estimates, and the Commodity Flow Survey 2007. Based on regional input-output tables coupled with the regionalized environmental coefficients, this research quantifies, through simulations, the net economic and environmental impact of a localized construction and demolition waste recycling system in the San Francisco metropolitan area and regional carpet recycling systems in the Atlanta and Seattle metropolitan areas.
Results of the simulations reveal that 1) the localized construction and demolition waste recycling system provides moderate economic benefits because of the limited job creation potential of mechanized recycling processes and yields relatively small environmental benefits with respect to the total weight processed; 2) wider adoption of the deconstruction technique expands job opportunities, increases energy savings, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions during the course of construction and demolition waste recycling; 3) regional-scale waste carpet recycling systems, in particular recycled nylon 6 production, create sizable new job opportunities and provides environmental benefits of energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction despite the long-distance transportation of waste carpet. These results suggest that policies that promote recycling industrial activities can significantly contribute to the economic and environmental sustainability of metropolitan areas.
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Soza, Amigo Sergio Alejandro. "Análisis estructural Input-Output: antiguos problemas y nuevas soluciones." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Oviedo, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/11106.
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En esta tesis se abordan distintos aspectos, que se consideran pendientes, en el análisis estructural input-output, a los cuales por medio de este documento se les da solución.El trabajo realizado, consiste en llevar a cabo un estudio de las principales técnicas que permiten el análisis estructural desde la perspectiva input-output, esto es, por un lado, se abordan los distintos métodos que permiten la identificación de encadenamientos o eslabonamientos y, por otro, se revisa la forma de realizar un análisis de sensibilidad estructural. En lo que respecta a la primera parte, se trata desde dos perspectivas, clásica y de extracción hipotética, sobre ésta base, se proponen algunas mejoras que a juicio del infrascrito corrigen las técnicas ya existentes. En lo que guarda relación con el segundo punto, es decir, el análisis de sensibilidad estructural, se ha planteado una revisión del mismo desde un ángulo que se considera innovador, pues se comparan las diferentes metodologías y a partir de dicha comparación, se propone el uso de una de ellas.Otro punto tratado a lo largo de este trabajo, es la búsqueda de una solución frente a situaciones en las que se aplica una amplia batería de indicadores para llevar a cabo un estudio económico bajo este entorno encadenamientos). Se considera que este aspecto se debe tratar, pues el empleo de un gran número de índices, más que facilitar las conclusiones llevan a una profusión de resultados, que en lugar de aclarar las distintas conclusiones que puedan emanar de los estudios realizados, las oscurecen. Este nos hace creer que la utilidad entregada por un indicador sintético que recoja y resuma la mayor parte de la información disponible, facilita la comprensión del estudio planteado.Por último, en esta tesis se revisa otro aspecto que se considera novedoso, el cual tiene que ver con el efecto que tiene la agregación sectorial en aquellas ramas que permanecen sin agregar. Se considera que tratar este aspecto desde la perspectiva en que se hace, es innovador, ya que la literatura referida al tema, trata este aspecto desde la visión de las ramas que son unidas, y el realizarlo desde otro ángulo, permitió obtener interesantes conclusiones referidas principalmente a los cambios experimentados en los encadenamientos.Los contenidos teóricos recogidos son aplicados a las economías del Sur de Europa, en concreto, a los siguientes países: Francia, Grecia, Portugal, España e Italia.
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Dambul, Katrina D. "Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in optical wireless communications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558676.
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There is growing demand for indoor wireless communication systems with higher bandwidth and higher data rates. However, the crowded radio frequency (RF) spectrum has caused researchers to consider optical wireless systems. In this thesis, optical signals in the visible region of the spectrum are used. White LEDs are used as transmitters as they provide higher signal-to-noise (SNR) levels and a better link budget than the infrared alternative. Typical modulation bandwidths for white LEDs are limited to tens of MHz. Thus, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission is considered as a means to increase data rate. The development of the indoor optical wireless MIMO system begins with the geometrical and mathematical analysis of a single-input single-output (SISO) system and a single-input multiple- output (SIMO) system. The same analysis is then performed for a MIMO system. For the MIMO system, an experimental demonstration using white LEDs and non-imaging receivers are reported. Results include coverage measurements and an SNR analysis. There are limitations using non- imaging receivers, such as coverage limitations and symmetry problems, which cause problem with signal recovery. To improve these limitations, imaging receivers are considered. The design and development of an experimental demonstration of an indoor optical wireless MIMO system with an imaging receiver is presented. The experimental setup consists of a transmitter with a 2 x 2 array of white LEDs and a receiver with a 3 x 3 photo detector array. The system transmits data at a bit rate of 2Mbit/s/channel. Detailed design specifications and optical design are presented. Results show that certain positions within the system coverage area have error-free operation. The BER and SNR analysis shows that the overall BER improves with the overall SNR. In order to exploit the full potential of the system, future work should focus on improving the SNR and BER of the system.
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Zhang, Yi. "Learning with Limited Supervision by Input and Output Coding." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/156.
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In many real-world applications of supervised learning, only a limited number of labeled examples are available because the cost of obtaining high-quality examples is high. Even with a relatively large number of labeled examples, the learning problem may still suffer from limited supervision as the complexity of the prediction function increases. Therefore, learning with limited supervision presents a major challenge to machine learning. With the goal of supervision reduction, this thesis studies the representation, discovery and incorporation of extra input and output information in learning.
Information about the input space can be encoded by regularization. We first design a semi-supervised learning method for text classification that encodes the correlation of words inferred from seemingly irrelevant unlabeled text. We then propose a multi-task learning framework with a matrix-normal penalty, which compactly encodes the covariance structure of the joint input space of multiple tasks. To capture structure information that is more general than covariance and correlation, we study a class of regularization penalties on model compressibility. Then we design the projection penalty, which encodes the structure information from a dimension reduction while controlling the risk of information loss.
Information about the output space can be exploited by error correcting output codes. Using the composite likelihood view, we propose an improved pairwise coding for multi-label classification, which encodes pairwise label density (as opposed to label comparisons) and decodes using variational methods. We then investigate problemdependent codes, where the encoding is learned from data instead of being predefined. We first propose a multi-label output code using canonical correlation analysis, where predictability of the code is optimized. We then argue that both discriminability and predictability are critical for output coding, and propose a max-margin formulation that promotes both discriminative and predictable codes.
We empirically study our methods in a wide spectrum of applications, including document categorization, landmine detection, face recognition, brain signal classification, handwritten digit recognition, house price forecasting, music emotion prediction, medical decision, email analysis, gene function classification, outdoor scene recognition, and so forth. In all these applications, our proposed methods for encoding input and output information lead to significantly improved prediction performance.
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Hills, John W. "Fully burdened cost of fuel using input-output analysis." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10620.
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The Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 mandates that the Fully Burdened Cost of Fuel, including the total cost of procuring and transporting fuel, infrastructure operating costs, and the cost of force protection for the logistics tail, be applied in trade-off analyses for all Defense systems that create a demand for energy. Using data from the Defense Logistics Agency Energy, this thesis builds a model of its worldwide supply chain for bulk fuels, and uses the principles of input-output analysis to calculate the total cost to deliver three fuel types to each destination in the supply chain. Although the Defense Logistics Agency Energy charges a standard price to each service for bulk fuels, these results show that they incur very different costs, ranging from less than a penny per gallon to over 70 cents per gallon, to deliver to different locations. Given the appropriate data on services' fuel distribution networks, a Defense-wide extension of the Bulk Fuels Distribution Model could be used to replace the current seven-step Fully Burdened Cost of Fuel process with a single step, allowing for less complex and more accurate Fully Burdened Cost of Fuel calculations.
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Caskie, David Paul. "An input-output analysis of agriculture in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295406.
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Humphreys, C. J. "Refrigeration systems design using analogue input/output computer interface." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265280.
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Romanchuk, B. G. "Input-output analysis of feedback loops with saturation nonlinearities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361672.
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Gupte, Abhishek. "SOQPSK Signals in Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605954.
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ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper investigates the use of shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) signals in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The goal is to integrate commonly used receiver architectures for conventional single-input single-output (SISO) systems into a corresponding MIMO system. The benefits of improved spectral efficiency are juxtaposed against the increased receiver complexity. Bit error rate performances for the SISO and MIMO architectures in a multipath environment are compared and conclusions regarding trade-offs between signal to noise ratio (SNR) and spectral efficiency stated.
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Giljum, Stefan, Martin Bruckner, and Aldo Martinez. "Material Footprint Assessment in a Global Input-Output Framework." Wiley, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12214.
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Material flow-based indicators play an important role in indicator sets related to green and resource-efficient growth. This paper examines the global flows of materials and the amounts of materials directly and indirectly necessary to satisfy domestic final demand in different countries world-wide. We calculate the indicator Raw Material Consumption (RMC), also referred to as Material Footprint (MF), by applying a global, multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model based on the GTAP database and extended by material extraction data. We examine world-wide patterns of material extraction and materials embodied in trade and consumption, investigating changes between 1997 and 2007. We find that flows of materials related to international trade have increased by almost 60% between 1997 and 2007. We show that the differences in Material Footprints per capita are huge, ranging from up to 100 tonnes in the rich, oil-exporting countries to values as low as 1.5 to 2 tonnes in some developing countries. We also quantify the differences between the indicators Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) and RMC, illustrating that net material exporters generally have a DMC larger than RMC, while the reverse is observed for net importers. Finally, we confirm the fact that most countries with stable or declining DMCs actually show increasing RMCs, indicating the occurrence of leakage effects, which are not fully captured by DMC. This challenges the world-wide use of DMC as a headline indicator for national material consumption and calls for the consideration of upstream material requirements of international trade flows.
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Shang, Feng. "INPUT-OUTPUT WATER QUALITY MODEL IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1028649564.
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