Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Input-output analysis Mathematical models'
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Siegel, Paul B. "The relationship between changing economic structure and performance: diversification, diversity, growth, stability, and distribution impacts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40017.
Full textBailey, Robert Reid. "Input-output modeling of material flows in industry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19104.
Full textCarpentier, Line Chantal. "Agriculture and the environment : an economic-ecologic input-output model of the Canadian economy." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55482.
Full textTwo different scenarios were analyzed. In the first, the impact on both the economy and the environment from changes in the final demand for agricultural and food commodities was simulated. Each commodity's final demand was increased by $1 million and its impact compared to the other simulated results. The ten commodities studied yielded similar economic impacts, while their environmental impacts differed considerably. Changes in the demand for wheat and oilseeds had the largest environmental impacts.
In the second scenario, the effects of a $1 million increase in each final demand category were compared. This scenario focussed on markets rather than products. The construction, exports and personal expenditures categories were the greatest generator of wastes and the largest user of free resources. The exports category yielded twice as much erosion than personal expenditures and twenty times more than the next highest value (construction).
Laurent, Sofie. "The mathematical justification of the Leontief and Sraffa input-output systems." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374184.
Full textButnar, Isabela. "Input-output analysis for use in life cycle assessment: introduction to regional modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8589.
Full textRudolph, Frederick Marlow. "The evaluation of the effects of contrast versus numeric coding, redundancy, and density on input and output times." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33438.
Full textRen, Zhen. "Modular model assembly from finite element models of components." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Find full textCortés, Borda Daniel Enrique. "Contribution to the development of more efficient environmental policies via multi-objective optimization and environmentally extended input-output models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283267.
Full textEn el mercado globalizado actual, la falta de conocimiento sobre cómo se distribuyen los impactos entre las naciones dificulta el diseño de políticas efectivas para la reducción, a escala global, de la degradación ambiental. El objetivo de esta tesis es combinar modelos macroeconómicos y optimización multiobjetivo para facilitar la cuantificación de cargas ambientales, la distribución equitativa de responsabilidades, y el diseño de políticas públicas eficaces que mejoren la sostenibilidad. Para ello, en esta tesis se proponen métodos cuantitativos basados en modelos input-output extendidos al medio ambiente para estudiar la contribución de las naciones a la presión ambiental global mediante el análisis del ciclo de vida de los productos que se consumen mundialmente, las cargas ambientales relacionadas con el comercio, y la equidad con que se distribuyen los impactos. Los hallazgos pueden ayudar a diseñar políticas eficaces para asegurar una asignación justa de responsabilidades. Además esta tesis propone un enfoque de optimización multiobjetivo sistemático para minimizar simultáneamente los impactos ambientales y maximizar la producción de una economía. El modelo de programación lineal bicriterio identifica los sectores clave que contribuyen significativamente al impacto y presentan una baja producción económica. Los resultados muestran que con las tecnologías existentes y controlando adecuadamente la demanda de ciertos sectores, los impactos ambientales podrían disminuir en mayor proporción que la producción económica. Además, esta tesis propone un método basado en programación lineal para facilitar la toma de decisiones ambientales mediante un análisis inverso. Es decir, dado un conjunto de soluciones, el método desarrollado busca los límites inferior y superior de los intervalos dentro de los cuales los pesos de cada indicador deben caer para que la alternativa seleccionada sea la óptima. De este modo, las personas encargadas de tomar decisiones no están obligadas a proporcionar los pesos de antemano, lo que podría conducir a resultados sesgados.
In today’s globalized market, the lack of knowledge about how the impacts distribute among nations hinders the design of effective policies for reducing the environmental degradation at a global scale. The aim of this thesis is to combine macroeconomic models with multi-objective optimization to facilitate the quantification of environmental loads, the fair allocation of responsibilities, and the design of effective public policies aiming at sustainability. To these end here we propose quantitative methods based on environmentally extended input-output models to study the contribution of nations to the global environmental pressures by examining the life cycle of products consumed worldwide; the trade-embodied environmental loads; and the equity with which impacts are distributed. Findings may help to design effective policies ensuring a fair allocation of responsibilities. This thesis also proposes a systematic multi-objective optimization approach for simultaneously minimizing the environmental impacts and maximizing the output of an economy. The bi-criteria linear programming model identifies key sectors with significant impact contribution and low output. Results show that, with the existing technologies, the environmental impacts could be lowered in higher proportion than the economic output by controlling adequately the demand of sectors. Moreover, this thesis proposes a method based on linear-programming to facilitate decision-making in environmental studies in an inverse manner. That is, given a set of solutions, this method finds the lower and upper limits of the intervals within which the weights to be attached to the indicators must fall, so that the selected alternative becomes optimal. Thereby, decision makers are not required to provide weights beforehand that could lead to biased results.
Anderstig, Christer. "Applied Methods for Analysis of Economic Structure and Change." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Centrum för regionalvetenskap (CERUM), 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-53044.
Full textdigitalisering@umu
Wieland, Hanspeter, and Stefan Giljum. "Carbon footprint decomposition in MRIO models: identifying EU supply-chain hot spots and their structural changes over time." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5310/1/EcolEcon_WorkingPaper_2016_13.pdf.
Full textSeries: Ecological Economic Papers
Giljum, Stefan, Hanspeter Wieland, Franz Stephan Lutter, Nina Eisenmenger, Heinz Schandl, and Anne Owen. "The impacts of data deviations between MRIO models on material footprints: A comparison of EXIOBASE, Eora, and ICIO." Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12833.
Full textVischio, Andrew Joseph. "An analysis of methodologies to estimate the economic impacts of freight transportation system disruptions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37284.
Full textPascual, González Janire. "Development of systematic methods for the assessment and optimization of life cycle environmental impacts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/318584.
Full textHoy en día, realizar estudios ambientales requiere una gran cantidad de datos y de tiempo, lo que dificulta la adopción de los principios de sostenibilidad en el diseño de productos. Además, hay un aumento en la externalización de impactos ambientales que favorece el traslado de la fabricación a países con regulaciones ambientales menos severas. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de políticas ambientales sencillas y eficaces se ha convertido en un reto. El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar un conjunto de métodos sistemáticos para la evaluación y optimización de métricas ambientales desde una perspectiva sostenible tanto a escala macroeconómica como a escala industrial. Para ello, en primer lugar realizamos un análisis estadístico multivariante utilizando datos ambientales con el fin de evaluar la relación entre las diferentes métricas ambientales y para identificar patrones de impacto ambiental de países. Esto nos permite identificar las métricas ambientales más representativas que reducirán la cantidad de datos necesaria para la elaboración de estudios ambientales. Además, hemos desarrollado un modelo de optimización multiobjetivo para identificar que sectores de una economía deben regularse en primer lugar con el fin de reducir el impacto medioambiental a nivel global provocando los mínimos cambios posibles en dicha economía. El uso combinado de estas herramientas clarifica cómo se generan los impactos ambientales y cómo diseñar políticas ambientales sencillas y eficaces tanto a escala industrial como global.
Nowadays, conducting environmental studies has become data intensive and time consuming which hinders the widespread adoption of sustainability principles in the design of products. In addition, there is an increase in externalization of environmental impacts which favors the displacement of manufacturing tasks to countries with softer environmental regulations. Therefore, the development of simple and effective environmental policies has become a challenging task. The aim of this thesis is to develop a set of systematic methods for assessing and optimizing environmental metrics from a sustainable perspective at both, the macroeconomic and engineering scales. To this end, we first conduct a multivariate statistical analysis using environmental data in order to assess relationships between environmental metrics and to identify environmental impact patterns of countries. This allows us to identify proxy environmental metrics which will reduce the amount of data required for the implementation of environmental studies. Moreover, we develop a multi-objective optimization model to identify which economic sectors must be regulated first in order to reduce the environmental impact at a global scale with minimum changes in an economy. The combined use of these tools sheds light on how the environmental impacts are generated and how to design environmental policies in a simple and effective way at engineering and global scales.
Phan, Hoc. "Performance Assessment of Cooperative Relay Networks with Advanced Radio Transmission Techniques." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00549.
Full textAnefalos, Lilian Cristina. "Modelo insumo-produto como instrumento de avaliação econômica da cadeia de suprimentos: o caso da exportação de flores de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-17112004-135855/.
Full textThe main objectives of this thesis were to evaluate the performance of the cut flower sector, concerning supply chain integration and external market competitiveness, and to heighten the understanding of the contributions and obstacles of logistics to floriculture. An input-output model developed proved to be an important tool to evaluate the impact of changes in the processes involved in that exportation chain. Data were colleted from representative players of the flower chain, in the Holambra and Greater Sao Paulo regions, referring to every one of the stages associated to the gerbera and lily exportation processes, i.e., from production (A), to internal distribution by highway modal (B), to external distribution by airway modal (C) and to external distribution by highway modal (D). Five scenarios were built to analyze deficit and surplus situations and to evaluate the impact of failures occurring in each process of the cut flower chain. Technical parameters were identified in the scenarios composition, mainly related to logistics, that could interfere in the cut flower exportation. The values of three of them number of stems by box, exchange rate and air freight were modified and combined to create 36 simulations to support the analysis of those scenarios. The results point to the need for differentiated logistic adjusts in each process, according to the type of relationship established among the players involved in the stages. The development of the chain as a whole may be affected by lack of knowledge on the characteristics of the exported product, which causes distortions in the information forwarded to the players. It was verified that the failures occurring in each phase could increase costs and inhibit exportations in the event of unfavorable exchange rate movements. On the other hand, an increased stem number commercialized by box represented an alternative to assuage cost increases through the chain. Although production is characterized as an important link throughout all stages, unless the minimum conditions for adequate storage and transport are fulfilled, there will be significant losses in the commercialized volume, thus reducing this product competitiveness abroad and discontinuing its exportation in the long run. Therefore, it was corroborated that the integration of the chain is essential to the optimization of flower exportation, including the maximization of the economic and financial results related to this business segment.
YANG, Jinmei. "Projection of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Generation in Chinese Metropolises with Consumption and Regional Economic Models." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/85389.
Full textKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14928号
工博第3155号
新制||工||1473(附属図書館)
27366
UT51-2009-M842
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻
(主査)教授 松岡 譲, 教授 森澤 眞輔, 准教授 倉田 学児
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Silva, Libania Araújo. "Estrutura produtiva, desigualdade regional e distribuição de renda : dois ensaios para o estado da Bahia." Pós-Graduação em Economia, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8694.
Full textA presente dissertação é composta por dois ensaios independentes que abordam dois tipos de desigualdade no estado da Bahia que, embora estejam inter-relacionados, possuem caráter distinto. Assim, o primeiro ensaio buscou compreender a dinâmica das disparidades produtiva e de renda entre as microrregiões do estado da Bahia e decompor o crescimento regional do emprego entre os anos 2004 e 2014, utilizando, respectivamente, o coeficiente de Williamson e a análise diferencial-estrutural. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que houve redução da desigualdade inter-regional de renda no território baiano, bem como a realocação do emprego formal gerado pelas atividades produtivas em suas microrregiões. Por sua vez, o segundo ensaio apresenta a discussão acerca da influência da estrutura produtiva sobre as alterações na distribuição interpessoal de renda no estado da Bahia. Nesse caso, a análise está centrada na aplicação do modelo de insumo-produto de Leontief-Miyazawa (1976), a partir do qual foram estimados os impactos de mudanças exógenas sobre a renda. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da matriz insumo-produto da Bahia para o ano-base de 2009 (PEROBELLI et al., 2015), bem como as informações de consumo e rendimento das famílias obtidas, respectivamente, por meio da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiares (POF 2002/2003) e da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD 2009). Na sequência, foram realizadas duas simulações visando analisar o impacto da redução nas transferências de renda (benefícios previdenciários e programas de transferências direta), respectivamente, às famílias pobres e extremamente pobres, e calculados os indicadores de desigualdade de Gini. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os setores produtivos possuem capacidades distintas entre si de provocar mudanças sobre a distribuição de renda, e que as transferências governamentais atuam como redutores das desigualdades de rendimentos no estado.
São Cristóvão, SE
Fan, Yang, Hidehiko Masuhara, Tomoyuki Aotani, Flemming Nielson, and Hanne Riis Nielson. "AspectKE*: Security aspects with program analysis for distributed systems." Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4136/.
Full textChia, Wee Lee Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) blind system identification for operational modal analysis using the Mean Differential Cepstrum (MDC)." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40738.
Full textHemachandra, Nandyala. "Analysis And Optimization Of Queueing Models With Markov Modulated Poisson Input." Thesis, 1996. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1676.
Full textKestell, Colin D. (Colin David). "Active control of sound in a small single engine aircraft cabin with virtual error sensors." 2000. http://thesis.library.adelaide.edu.au/public/adt-SUA20010216.164243/index.html.
Full textCarvalho, Ariovaldo Lopes de. "A hybrid Input-Output multi-objective model to assess economic-energy-environment trade-offs: an application to Brazil and prospective sugarcane bioethanol technologies." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/27127.
Full textAs relações entre o consumo de energia, o crescimento econômico e os impactos ambientais são determinantes para o processo de formulação de políticas. A Análise Input-Output (AIO) tem sido usada para estudar inter/intra-relações entre os diferentes setores económicos, bem como estendida para a análise dos sistemas energético e ambiental. Modelos de Programação Linear Multi-objetivo (PLMO) utilizando a estrutura Input-Output (IO) também vêm sendo desenvolvidos para estudar os compromissos (trade-offs) entre os sistemas económico, energético e ambiental. Os modelos IO-PLMO são capazes de captar a complexidade e natureza conflituosa dos problemas do mundo real, permitindo a obtenção de um informação relevante que não seria possível conseguir com uma aplicação separada de ambas as metodologias. Esta combinação de modelos de PLMO e AIO desempenha um papel complementar na compreensão das interações entre os sistemas económicos e energéticos, e os correspondentes impactos ambientais, oferecendo um quadro consistente para avaliar os efeitos de políticas distintas sobre estes sistemas. Um modelo de PLMO baseado em uma estrutura IO híbrida com unidades monetárias e físicas é apresentado nesta tese. Este modelo tem como objetivo avaliar os trade-offs entre objectivos económicos, energéticos, ambientais e sociais no sistema económico brasileiro. Primeiramente, as tabelas IO para o Brasil são reorganizadas para incluir o Balanço Energético Nacional, criando uma estrutura IO híbrida com unidades físicas e monetárias. Este quadro é estendido para avaliar diferentes Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE), que são então agregados em um único indicador (CO2eq), e o nível de emprego. Duas versões do modelo de PLMO são definidas: uma versão com valores determinísticos e outra em que a programação intervalar é usada para tratar a incerteza em alguns coeficientes do modelo. A versão determinística do modelo tem 443 variáveis (incluindo a produção dos setores e produtos energéticos e várias variáveis econômicas) e um conjunto de 490 restrições (definidoras e limitadoras). As funções objetivo consideradas são a maximização dos níveis do PIB e do emprego, bem como a minimização do consumo de energia e emissões de GEE. Os métodos interativos STEM e o TRIMAP são aplicados para tratar a versão determinística do modelo, permitindo a exploração de soluções de compromisso de acordo com as informações de preferência emitidas pelo decisor. O STEM permitiu um processo de busca de solução interativa através da redução da região admissível baseada na especificação de quantidades de relação para as função objetivo com valores já satisfatórios, fornecendo informações sobre os trade-offs entre os objetivos conflitantes em diferentes regiões da região admissível. O método interativo TRIMAP ofereceu uma pesquisa flexível de soluções através de um ambiente gráfico amigável baseada na visualização das regiões de indiferença associadas a soluções vértices eficientes no diagrama paramétrico, permitindo uma exploração progressiva e seletiva de soluções de compromisso. Ambos os métodos forneceram informações de apoio à decisão relevante para um decisor hipotético, ajudando-o na compreensão dos trade-offs em jogo e na identificação de soluções de compromisso para os modelos de PLMO. A versão intervalar do modelo IO-PLMO híbrido, que inclui 518 restrições e 473 variáveis, é analisada com uma abordagem interativa que envolve a formulação de modelos determinísticos substitutos para o modelo de PLMO intervalar (baseado na minimização do pior desvio possível das funções objetivo intervalar em relação as suas soluções ideais intervalares correspondentes) e de uma fase interativa em que a sinergia entre o algoritmo (prestando informações ao decisor) e o decisor (processando as informações e fornecendo orientações para o processo de cálculo) facilitando um processo de pesquisa com base na proximidade dos valores da solução intervalar em relação à solução intervalar ideal. Perspectivas otimistas e pessimistas foram consideradas a fim de procurar soluções com diferentes alternativas de decisão. Finalmente, os impactos de diferentes processos de cultivo de cana de açúcar e de produção de bioetanol de primeira (1G) e segunda geração (2G) sobre o sistema económico brasileiro e a oferta doméstica de bioetanol em cenários prospetivos foram analisados com a versão determinística do modelo de PLMO. Coeficientes técnicos para diferentes configurações de usinas de bioetanol de produção combinada de 1G + 2G e sistemas de cultivo da cana foram estimados e introduzidos na matriz de coeficientes técnicos. As funções objetivo foram a maximização do PIB e do emprego, e a minimização do consumo de energia e das emissões totais de GEE. A maximização da produção total de bioetanol no país em cada cenário também foi considerado. Soluções não-dominadas foram calculadas através da minimização da distância de Tchebycheff para a solução ideal em cada cenário. A extensão da análise envolvendo todo o sistema económico veio complementar o desenho e a análise baseada em processos potenciais de produção de bioetanol, contribuindo para identificar efeitos indiretos que podem contrabalançar os benefícios. Esta tese fornece modelos, metodologias e conhecimento baseado na avaliação das soluções obtidas com diferentes processos de cálculo, que é essencial para o desenvolvimento de abordagens integradas para a análise prospetiva dos trade-offs económico-energético-ambiental em um país e em um setor específico.
The study and assessment of the relationships between energy consumption, economic growth and environmental impacts is determinant for the policy making process. Input-Output Analysis (IOA) has been used to study inter/intra-relationships among different sectors in the economic system and extended to account for energy and environmental impacts. Multi-objective Linear Programming (MOLP) models using the Input-Output (IO) framework has also been developed to study economic-energy-environment trade-offs. The IO-MOLP models are able to capture the complexity and conflicting nature of real world problems allowing obtaining insightful information that would not be possible to achieve with a separated application of both methodologies. This combination of multi-objective models with IOA plays a supplementary role in understanding the interactions between the economic and energy systems, and the corresponding impacts on the environment, offering a consistent framework for assessing the effects of distinct policies. A MOLP model based on a hybrid IO framework with monetary and physical units is presented in this thesis. This model aims at assessing the trade-offs between economic, energy, environmental and social objectives in the Brazilian economic system. Firstly, the IO tables for Brazil are reorganized to include the National Energy Balance, creating a hybrid IO framework. This framework is extended to assess different Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, which are then aggregated into a single indicator (CO2eq), and the employment level. Two versions of the MOLP model are defined: a version with deterministic values and another one in which interval programming techniques are used for tackling the uncertainty in some coefficients of the model. The deterministic version of the model has 443 variables (including the total output of sectors and energy commodities and several economic variables) and a set of 490 (defining and bound) constraints. The objective functions considered are the maximization of GDP and employment levels, and the minimization of energy consumption and GHG emissions. The STEM and TRIMAP interactive methods are applied to the deterministic version of the model, allowing the exploration of compromise solutions according to the preference information issued by the decision maker (DM). STEM allows an interactive solution search process through the reduction of the feasible region based on the specification of relaxation quantities for the already satisfactory objective functions, thus providing information about the trade-offs that are at stake between the competing objectives in different regions of the search space. The TRIMAP interactive method offers a flexible search for solutions in a user-friendly graphical environment based on the display of indifference regions associated with vertex efficient solutions on the parametric diagram, allowing a progressive and selective exploration of compromise solutions. Both methods have provided relevant decision support information to a hypothetical DM assisting him/her in understanding the trade-offs at stake and identifying compromise solutions to the MOLP models. The interval version of the hybrid IO-MOLP model, which includes 518 constraints and 473 variables, is analyzed with an interactive approach involving the formulation of surrogate deterministic models for the interval MOLP model (based on the minimization of the worst possible deviation of the interval objective functions to their corresponding interval ideal solutions) and an interactive phase in which a synergy between the algorithm (providing information to the DM) and the DM (processing the information and providing guidelines for the computation process). This approach has allowed a reference point searching process based on the closeness of the values of the interval solution in relation to the ideal interval solution. Optimistic and pessimistic perspectives have been considered in order to search for solutions using different decision alternatives. Finally, impacts of different sugarcane cultivation and first-generation (1G) and second-generation (2G) bioethanol production processes on the Brazilian economic system and domestic bioethanol supply in prospective scenarios are analyzed with the deterministic version of the MOLP model. Technical coefficients for different configurations of combined 1G+2G bioethanol plants and sugarcane cultivation are estimated and introduced into the Brazilian technical coefficient matrix. The objective functions are the maximization of GDP and employment level, and the minimization of total energy consumption and GHG emissions. The maximization of the total bioethanol production in the country in each scenario is also considered. Non-dominated solutions are computed by minimizing a Tchebycheff distance to the ideal solution in each scenario. Extending the analysis to the whole economic system has complemented the process design and process-based analysis of prospective bioethanol production, contributing to identify indirect effects that can counterbalance the benefits. This thesis provides models, methodologies and knowledge based on the assessment of the solutions obtained in the different computation processes that is essential for the development of integrated approaches for prospective analysis of economic-energy-environmental trade-offs in a country and a specific sector.
FCT - SFRH/BD/42960/2008