Journal articles: 'Inorganic Oxide-Polymer Composites - Dielectric Properties'

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Ali, Amjad, Mirza Nadeem Ahmad, Tajamal Hussain, Ahmad Naveed, Tariq Aziz, Mobashar Hassan, and Li Guo. "Materials Innovations in 2D-filler Reinforced Dielectric Polymer Composites." Materials Innovations 02, no. 02 (2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54738/mi.2022.2202.

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Polymer dielectric possess advantages of mechanical flexibility, low temperature processing, and cost. However, for practical applications dielectric constant of polymers is not high enough. To raise the dielectric constant, polymers are often composited with fillers of various morphologies (one-dimensional, two-dimensional, three-dimensional) and types (inorganic, organic, carbon, conductive, non-conductive). Recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, ferroelectric ceramics, etc. have been discovered. These materials have excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal properties and high specific surface area, which makes these ideal materials to reinforce the properties of polymers, especially dielectric properties. Here, in this review we summarize the latest developments regarding the use of 2D fillers to improve the dielectric properties of polymer composites. We have systematically discussed synthesis of 2D materials, processing of their 2D filler/polymer composites, theoretical background of dielectric properties of these composites, and literature summary of the dielectric properties of polymer composites with various type of 2D fillers.

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Dong, Kim, and Choi. "Graphene Oxide and Its Inorganic Composites: Fabrication and Electrorheological Response." Materials 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132185.

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Composite particles associated with graphene oxide (GO) and inorganic materials provide the synergistic properties of an appropriate electrical conductivity of GO with the good dielectric characteristics of inorganic materials, making them attractive candidates for electrorheological (ER) materials. This review paper focuses on the fabrication mechanisms of GO/inorganic composites and their ER response when suspended in a non-conducting medium, including steady shear flow curves, dynamic yield stress, On-Off tests, and dynamic oscillation analysis. Furthermore, the morphologies of these composites, dielectric properties, and sedimentation of the ER fluids are covered.

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Deeba, Farah, Kriti Shrivastava, Minal Bafna, and Ankur Jain. "Tuning of Dielectric Properties of Polymers by Composite Formation: The Effect of Inorganic Fillers Addition." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 12 (November 22, 2022): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6120355.

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Polymer blend or composite, which is a combination of two or more polymers and fillers such as semiconductors, metals, metal oxides, salts and ceramics, are a synthesized product facilitating improved, augmented or customized properties, and have widespread applications for the achievement of functional materials. Polymer materials with embedded inorganic fillers are significantly appealing for challenging and outstanding electric, dielectric, optical and mechanical applications involving magnetic features. In particular, a polymer matrix exhibiting large values of dielectric constant (ε′) with suitable thermal stability and low dielectric constant values of polymer blend, having lesser thermal stability, together offer significant advantages in electronic packaging and other such applications in different fields. In this review paper, we focused on the key factors affecting the dielectric properties and its strength in thin film of inorganic materials loaded poly methyl meth acrylate (PMMA) based polymer blend (single phase) or composites (multiple phase), and its consequences at low and high frequencies are explored. A wide range of different types of PMMA based polymer blends or composites, which are doped with different fillers, have been synthesized with specific tailoring of their dielectric behavior and properties. A few of them are discussed in this manuscript, with their different preparation techniques, and exploring new ideas for modified materials.

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Wu, Deqi, Mingxuan Luo, Rui Yang, Xin Hu, and Chunhua Lu. "Achieve High Dielectric and Energy-Storage Density Properties by Employing Cyanoethyl Cellulose as Fillers in PVDF-Based Polymer Composites." Materials 16, no. 12 (June 6, 2023): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124201.

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Fluoropolymer/inorganic nanofiller composites are considered to be ideal polymer dielectrics for energy storage applications because of their high dielectric constant and high breakdown strength. However, these advantages are a trade-off with the unavoidable aggregation of the inorganic nanofillers, which result in a reduced discharge of the energy storage density. To address this problem, we developed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) graft copolymer/cellulose-derivative composites to achieve high-dielectric and energy-storage density properties. An enhanced dielectric constant and improved energy density were achieved with this structure. The optimal composites exhibited a high discharge energy density of 8.40 J/cm3 at 300 MV/m. This work provides new insight into the development of all-organic composites with bio-based nanofillers.

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Saidina, D. S., M. Mariatti, and J. Juliewatty. "Tensile and Dielectric Properties of Calcium Copper Titanate Filler in Epoxy Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.119.

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Polymer-ceramic composites have been pursued as the most promising dielectric materials for embedded capacitors in the organic package. In this study, ceramic fillers such as Calcium Copper Titanate (CCTO) was used to produce epoxy thin film composites for the purpose to replace capacitor made of ceramic materials. Spin coating technique was used to produce epoxy thin film composites. The effect of fillers loading on tensile and dielectric properties of the epoxy thin film composites were determined. Results showed that epoxy thin film with 20 vol% filler loading showed good dielectric properties. However, an increase of the fillers content caused reduction in the tensile properties due to filler agglomeration and voids. Dielectric constants and dielectric losses of epoxy/inorganic composite films generally increase with addition of filler.

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Feng, Yefeng, Cheng Peng, Qihuang Deng, Yandong Li, Jianbing Hu, and Qin Wu. "Annealing and Stretching Induced High Energy Storage Properties in All-Organic Composite Dielectric Films." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112279.

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High discharged energy density and charge–discharge efficiency, in combination with high electric breakdown strength, maximum electric displacement and low residual displacement, are very difficult to simultaneously achieve in single-component polymer dielectrics. Plenty of researches have reported polymer based composite dielectrics filled with inorganic fillers, through complex surface modification of inorganic fillers to improve interface compatibility. In this work, a novel strategy of introducing environmentally-friendly biological polyester into fluoropolymer matrix has been presented to prepare all-organic polymer composites with desirable high energy storage properties by solution cast process (followed by annealing or stretching post-treatment), in order to simplify the preparation steps and lower the cost. Fluoropolymer with substantial ferroelectric domains (contributing to high dielectric response) as matrix and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with excellent linear polarization property (resulting in high breakdown strength) as filler were employed. By high-temperature annealing, the size of ferroelectric domains could be improved and interfacial air defects could be removed, leading to elevated high energy storage density and efficiency in composite. By mono-directional stretching, the ferroelectric domains and polyester could be regularly oriented along stretching direction, resulting in desired high energy storage performances as well. Besides, linear dielectric components could contribute to high efficiency from their strong rigidity restrain effect on ferroelectric component. This work might open up the way for a facile fabrication of promising all-organic composite dielectric films with high energy storage properties.

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Zheng, Xiaolei, and Qun Wang. "Plasma fluorination modified CaTiO₃ for dielectric properties of PTFE-based composites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2535, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2535/1/012033.

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Abstract The interface incompatibility between organic polymer and inorganic ceramic filler is a common phenomenon in polymer-based dielectric composites. In this paper, the Ar/CF4 plasma is used to modify the CaTiO3 particles, which improved the dispersion of CaTiO3 and its compatibility with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The findings demonstrate that growing argon (Ar) flow rate was beneficial to enhance discharge and increase fluorinated graft content. The modified CaTiO3/PTFE is uniformly distributed and has no serious agglomeration phenomenon, which effectively improves its dielectric characteristics. Modified CaTiO3/PTFE composite with 5 wt.% CaTiO3 has a dielectric constant of 2.32 whilst the dielectric loss reaches 2.8 × 10−3 at around 10 GHz.

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Shi, W., C. Fang, S. Guo, Q. Ren, Q. Pan, Q. Gu, D. Xu, H. Wei, and J. Yu. "Investigation on dielectric properties of the polyetherketone nanocomposite with lead titanate ultrafines." Canadian Journal of Physics 79, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p01-040.

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The dielectric properties of polymer composites with inorganic nanoparticles were investigated. In the demonstration of the dielectric constant expression of the nanocomposite polymer, the dielectric contributions of the displacement polarization, the orientation polarization, and the space polarization in the nanocomposite polymer were all considered. In the demonstration, two dielectric relaxation models were used, that of Debye for inorganic nanoparticles and the HavriliakNegami function model for polymers. Then the expression of the complex dielectric constant of the nanocomposite polymer was obtained by using Onsager's local field theory. Furthermore, the nanocomposite polymer thin films that consist of PbTiO3 nanoparticles and polyetherketone were prepared. The real parts of the dielectric constants were measured and calculated, respectively. It was found that our calculated results are in good agreement with our measured results. PACS Nos.: 77.20, 77.55, 81.20T

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Wu, Xudong, and Daniel Q. Tan. "Enhanced Energy Density of Polyetherimide Using Low Content Barium Titanate Nanofillers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2500, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2500/1/012008.

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Abstract Dielectric polymer composites containing low content inorganic fillers exhibit superior dielectric properties and endurance for simultaneous enhancement of dielectric constant and breakdown strength. Polyetherimide (PEI) composites incorporated with nanosized BaTiO3 of 0.1vol.% loading fraction was developed in this work and their breakdown strength reached a maximum value along with the highest dielectric constant. The discharged energy density increased to 8.33 J/cm3, which is 2.33 times that of pure PEI. The composite film also maintained an excellent endurance after 104 cycles of fatigue test. The low-level filling for enhanced composite property may reduce the challenge in film scale-up manufacturing.

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Zois, Haralampos, Athanasios Kanapitsas, Polycarpos Pissis, Lazaros Apekis, Eugene Lebedev, and Yevgen P. Mamunya. "Dielectric properties and molecular mobility of organic/inorganic polymer composites." Macromolecular Symposia 205, no. 1 (January 2004): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200450124.

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Zhang, Qilong, Zhao Zhang, Nuoxin Xu, and Hui Yang. "Dielectric Properties of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) Composites Filled with Surface-Coated TiO2 Nanowires by SnO2 Nanoparticles." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010085.

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Nanocomposites containing inorganic fillers embedded in polymer matrices have exhibited great potential applications in capacitors. Therefore, an effective method to improve the dielectric properties of polymer is to design novel fillers with a special microstructure. In this work, a combination of hydrothermal method and precipitation method was used to synthesize in situ SnO2 nanoparticles on the surface of one-dimensional TiO2 nanowires (TiO2 NWs), and the TiO2NWs@SnO2 fillers well-dispersed into the poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)] polymer. Hybrid structure TiO2NWs @SnO2 introduce extra interfaces, which enhance the interfacial polarization and the dielectric constant. Typically, at 10 vol.% low filling volume fraction, the composite with TiO2NWs @SnO2 shows a dielectric constant of 133.4 at 100 Hz, which is almost four times that of polymer. Besides, the TiO2 NWs prevents the direct contact of SnO2 with each other in the polymer matrix, so the composites still maintain good insulation performance. All the improved performance indicates these composites can be widely useful in electronic devices.

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Chen, Yu Fei, Yi Yue Xiao, Shi Xia Li, and Xu Zhang. "Study on Properties of Epoxy Resins Modified by Nano-Silica." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1005.

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Organic precursor of EP/PU was prepared by epoxy resin which was polyurethane toughened, and then modified epoxy resin adhesive was synthesized using nano-silica as modifier. Microstructure of composite materials was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the results showed that the inorganic phase had good compatibility in polymer matrix, and polyurethane in epoxy resin have formed the "island structure". The mechanical properties, thermal stability and dielectric loss, dielectric constant of composites were investigated. The results indicated that doping of appropriate amount of nano-silica could improve mechanical property, shear strength and impact strength of 2wt% SiO2/EP-PU were increased 173% and 106.67%, than that of pre-doping of composite, respectively. Thermal decomposition temperature (Td) was increased, Tdof 2wt%SiO2/EP-PU was increased 8.1°C than that of pre-doped of material. Dielectric constant (ε) was as follows: was decreased with the increase of frequency, but increased with the increase of inorganic component, dielectric loss (tanδ) was increased with the increase of frequency and inorganic doping.

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Yu, Guang, Yujia Cheng, and Zhuohua Duan. "Research Progress on Polymeric Inorganic Nanocomposites Insulating Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (December 3, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1757788.

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With the rapid development of power energy, electronic information, rail transit, and aerospace industries, nanocomposite dielectric materials have been widely used as new materials. Polymer/inorganic nanocomposite dielectric materials possess excellent physical and mechanical properties. In addition, numerous unique properties such as electricity, thermal, sound, light, and magnetic properties are exhibited by these materials. First, the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, small-size effect, surface effect, and quantum-size effect of nanoparticles are introduced. There are a few anomalous changes in the physical and chemical properties of the matrix, which are caused by these effects. Second, the interaction mechanism between the nanoparticles and polymer matrix is introduced. These include infiltration adsorption theory, chemical bonding, diffusion theory, electrostatic theory, mechanical connection theory, deformation layer theory, and physical adsorption theory. The mechanism of action of the interface on the dielectric properties of the composites is summarized. These are the interface trap effect, interface barrier effect, and homogenization field strength effect. In addition, different interfacial structure models were used to analyze the specific properties of nanocomposite dielectric materials. Finally, the research status of the dielectric properties of nanocomposite dielectric materials is introduced.

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Yu, Guang, Yujia Cheng, and Zhuohua Duan. "Research Progress of Polymers/Inorganic Nanocomposite Electrical Insulating Materials." Molecules 27, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 7867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227867.

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With the rapid development of power, energy, electronic information, rail transit, and aerospace industries, nanocomposite electrical insulating materials have been begun to be widely used as new materials. Polymer/inorganic nanocomposite dielectric materials possess excellent physical and mechanical properties. In addition, numerous unique properties, such as electricity, thermal, sound, light, and magnetic properties are exhibited by these materials. First, the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, small-size effect, surface effect, and quantum-size effect of nanoparticles are introduced. There are a few anomalous changes in the physical and chemical properties of the matrix, which are caused by these effects. Second, the interaction mechanism between the nanoparticles and polymer matrix is introduced. These include infiltration adsorption theory, chemical bonding, diffusion theory, electrostatic theory, mechanical connection theory, deformation layer theory, and physical adsorption theory. The mechanism of action of the interface on the dielectric properties of the composites is summarized. These are the interface trap effect, interface barrier effect, and homogenization field strength effect. In addition, different interfacial structure models were used to analyze the specific properties of nanocomposite dielectric materials. Finally, the research status of the dielectric properties of nanocomposite dielectric materials in the electrical insulation field is introduced.

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Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal, Abraiz Khattak, Asghar Ali, M. Hassan Raza, Nasim Ullah, Ahmad Aziz Alahmadi, and Adam Khan. "Influence of Ramped Compression on the Dielectric Behavior of the High-Voltage Epoxy Composites." Polymers 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183150.

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The emergence of micro and nano-based inorganic oxide fillers with optimal filler-loadings further enhances the required insulation characteristics of neat epoxy. During manufacturing and service application, insulators and dielectrics face mechanical stresses which may alter their basic characteristics. Keeping this in mind, the facts’ influence of mechanical stresses and fillers on dielectric properties of polymeric insulators of two epoxy/silica composites were fabricated and thoroughly analyzed for dielectric characteristics under ramped mechanical compressions relative to the unfilled sample. Before compression, epoxy nanocomposites exhibited responses having an average dielectric constant of 7.68 with an average dissipation factor of 0.18. After each compression, dielectric properties of all samples were analyzed. The dissipation factor and the dielectric constant trends of each sample are plotted against a suitable frequency range. It was observed that after the successive compressions up to 25 MPa, the dielectric properties of epoxy micro-silica composites were highly affected, having an average final dielectric constant of 9.65 times that of the uncompressed sample and a dissipation factor of 2.2 times that of the uncompressed sample, and these were recorded.

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Gao, Peng Fei, Xin Yu, Nai Kui Gao, Teng Yue Ren, Chun Wu, Hai Yun Jin, and Jun-Ichi Matsushita. "Dielectric Properties of Liquid Crystal Polymer Composites with High Thermal Conductivity." Materials Science Forum 868 (August 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.868.61.

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Liquid crystal (LC) polymer, composited with inorganic filler, has a broad application prospect in electronic and electrical industry. In this research, permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) of LC composites under different temperatures and frequencies were investigated, and activation energies were calculated and analyzed. At low temperatures and high frequencies, LC composites exhibited well dielectric properties. εr changed a little (3.6~4.0) in temperature range of-60°C~160°C when frequency was higher than 10Hz, but increased sharply when temperatures was higher than 100°C and frequency was lower 10Hz. The tanδ increased sharply with increasing temperature when temperatures was higher than 100°C and frequency was lower than 102Hz, and when frequency was above 102Hz, the value of tanδ changed gently (10-3~10-2). The peak of tanδ would translate to higher frequencies direction with increasing temperature in tanδ-frequency curve, and to higher temperatures direction with increasing frequency in tanδ-temperature curve. Activation energy is calculated by fitting the peak of the imaginary of the electric modulus, and activation energy is 0.43eV in low temperature and 1.59eV in high temperature.

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Asrafali, Shakila Parveen, Thirukumaran Periyasamy, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Vinit Raj, and Seong Cheol Kim. "The Thermo-Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Superhydrophobic Pbz/TiO2 Composites." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 13401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013401.

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Polymer composites display the synergistic property of the polymer (matrix) and inorganic particles (filler material), when their combination is properly utilized. In the present work, polymer composites possessing a superhydrophobic property are fabricated by imposing the combination of both surface free energy and surface roughness. Polybenzoxazine (Pbz) is a choice of low surface free energy material and TiO2 particles contribute to create surface roughness. Thus, Pbz/TiO2 composites were fabricated by varying TiO2 contents to produce superhydrophobicity. The hydrophobicity increased from 94° for Pbz to 140° for Pbz/T5. The advantage of molecular design flexibility is also utilized to synthesize benzoxazine monomer (Bzo), which then undergoes thermally induced self-polymerization with different contents of TiO2 to produce Pbz-TiO2 composites. The structure analysis and curing behavior of the Bzo monomer was examined using FT-IR, NMR and DSC techniques. Whereas the properties of the Pbz/TiO2 composites were analyzed by WCA, SEM, DMA, TGA, and dielectric techniques.

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Hambal, Yusra, Vladimir V. Shvartsman, Ivo Michiels, Qiming Zhang, and Doru C. Lupascu. "High Energy Storage Density in Nanocomposites of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) Terpolymer and BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 Nanoparticles." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 3151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093151.

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Polymer materials are actively used in dielectric capacitors, in particular for energy storage applications. An enhancement of the stored energy density can be achieved in composites of electroactive polymers and dielectric inorganic fillers with a high dielectric permittivity. In this article, we report on the energy storage characteristics of composites of relaxor terpolymer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) and BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (BZT) nanoparticles. The choice of materials was dictated by their large dielectric permittivity in the vicinity of room temperature. Free-standing composite films, with BZT contents up to 5 vol.%, were prepared by solution casting. The dielectric properties of the composites were investigated over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. It was shown that the addition of the BZT nanoparticles does not affect the relaxor behavior of the polymer matrix, but significantly increases the dielectric permittivity. The energy storage parameters were estimated from the analysis of the unipolar polarization hysteresis loops. The addition of the BZT filler resulted in the increasing discharge energy density. The best results were achieved for composites with 1.25–2.5 vol.% of BZT. In the range of electric fields to 150 MV/m, the obtained materials demonstrate a superior energy storage density compared to other P(VDF-TFE-CFE) based composites reported in the literature.

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Ahadzade, Sh M., I. A. Vakulenko, and Kh Asgarov. "Factors Influence on Electrophysical Parameters of the Composite Varistors." Science and Transport Progress, no. 1(101) (March 14, 2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2023/283013.

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Purpose. Evaluation influence structural state polymer phase on the response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of a multilayer varistor based on zinc oxide. Methodology. Zinc oxide consisted of 97% zinc oxide and 3% total oxides of Bi2O3, Co3O4, MnO2, B2O3, SbO3, ZrO2, Al2O3. At a temperature of 1573°K, the synthesis of semiconductor ceramics based on Zinc oxide was carried out. For composite of thermoplastic polymers and Zinc oxide, non-polar and polar polymers, high pressure polyethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride were used. The composites were obtained by hot pressing at the melting temperature of the polymer phase and a pressure of 15 MPa. After that, using silver paste, measuring electrodes 10 mm in diameter were applied to the surface of the synthesized samples, and then current–voltage characteristics were measured. Modification of composites under action of gas-discharge plasma was carried out in a special cell that creates a dielectric-gas-composite system. The structure of the composites was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. Findings. The obtained experimental results show that the size of the particles of the inorganic phase significantly affects the current-voltage characteristics of the composite varistor: at a given thickness of the composite varistor, the operation voltage decreases markedly, and the nonlinearity coefficient increases. Numerous experimental results obtained by us show that the impact of electric discharge plasma on the polymer Zinc oxide-composite leads to a significant change in the permittivity and the concentration of local levels at the interface of the composite. The results research showed that effect electrical plasma on the opening voltage depends on the polarity of polymer matrices. Moreover, plasma processing itself significantly changes the structure of the polymer phase at composite. Originality. The magnitude of the potential barrier at phase boundary is mainly determined by the volume fraction and size of the main structural element of ZnO ceramics. Changing the structural state of the polymer matrix allows the adjust response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of volt-ampere characteristic of the multilayer varistor. Practical value. The discovered development of electron-ion processes at polymer phase of the varistor indicates the need to take into account change in its service characteristics from the duration and intensity of use. The result obtained has a certain practical significance, since it indicates not only the reason for the change in properties, but also the need to develop measures to increase the service life of the varistor.

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Costa, L. C., and F. Henry. "The Impact of Blue Inorganic Pigments on the Microwave Electrical Properties of Polymer Composites." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2012 (February 6, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/628237.

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We present the results of the measurement of complex dielectric permittivity, in the microwave frequency region, on glass reinforced polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) with blue inorganic pigments. The cavity resonant method had been used in order to measure the shift in the resonant frequency of the cavity, caused by the insertion of a sample, which can be related to the real part of the complex permittivity. Also, the quality factor of the cavity decreases with the insertion of a sample. The changes in the inverse of this quality factor give the imaginary part. In order to predict the dielectric behavior of this composite, we had developed a program of numerical simulation to calculate the complex permittivity of the inclusion. By using some of dielectric mixture laws (Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars, Hanai, Looyenga, inverse and direct Wiener, and Bruggemann), we can predict the dielectric behavior of the composite in a large range of volume fraction of inclusions.

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Lee, Chao-Yu, and Chia-Wei Chang. "Dielectric Constant Enhancement with Low Dielectric Loss Growth in Graphene Oxide/Mica/Polypropylene Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5020052.

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Polypropylene has been widely used as dielectric material in organic thin-film capacitors due to their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss and self-healing capability. However, polypropylene’s energy density is relatively low. Increasing the energy density of polypropylene by adding materials with a high dielectric constant is commonly used. Still, it often leads to an increase in dielectric loss, lower dielectric strength and other shortcomings. In this study, a thin 2D platelet of mica/graphene oxide composite material was made from exfoliated mica as a substrate and attached by graphene oxide. The mica/graphene oxide platelets were added to polypropylene to make a plastic dielectric composite. The non-conductive flat inorganic additive can increase the dielectric constant and dielectric strength of the composite without increasing dielectric loss. The tiny mica/graphene oxide platelets can significantly improve the dielectric properties of polypropylene. The results show that by adding a small amount (less than 1 wt%) mica/graphene oxide, the relative dielectric constant of polypropylene can increase to more than 3.7 without causing an increase in dielectric loss and the dielectric strength of polypropylene can also enhance.

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Yufei, Chen, Li Zhichao, Tan Junyan, Zhang Qingyu, and Han Yang. "Characteristics and Properties of TiO2/EP-PU Composite." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/167150.

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Polymer matrix of EP-PU was prepared by epoxy resin which was polyurethane toughened, and TCA201 coupling agent was used to modify nano-TiO2, and TiO2/EP-PU composite was synthesized using EP, PU, and TCA201-TiO2. The results of SEM and TEM showed that the surface of TiO2was coated with TCA201 coupling agent through the bonding between the hydroxyl of nano-TiO2particle and coupling agent molecules, the interaction would be beneficial to improve compatibility of inorganic and organic phases, and TCA201-TiO2would disperse evenly in composite and improve performance of composite materials. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, dielectric properties, and breakdown strength of composites were investigated by electronic tensile machine, TGA, dielectric spectrum, and CS2674C type voltage tester. The results indicated that appropriate amount of TCA201-TiO2could improve mechanical properties, the shear strength of 3 wt%-TiO2/EP-PU reached the maximum value at 27.14 MPa, its thermal decomposition temperature was 397.82°C, enhanced 17.48°C more than that of EP-PU matrix, and its dielectric constant(ε)and dielectric loss (tan⁡δ) showed 4.27 and 0.02, respectively. Its breakdown field strength was 14 kV/mm. Its performance met the requirement of dielectric materials.

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Курбанов, М. А., И. С. Рамазанова, З. А. Дадашов, Ф. И. Мамедов, Г. Х. Гусейнова, У. В. Юсифова, Ф. Н. Татардар, and И. А. Фараджзаде. "Релаксационные, термические и межфазные эффекты в композитах полимер-сегнетопьезокерамика различной структуры." Физика и техника полупроводников 53, no. 8 (2019): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.08.48004.8970.

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AbstractThe relaxation and thermal processes and interphase phenomena in composites based on ferroelectrics and a polymer matrix are studied. It is shown that the charge stabilized at the interface of the composite during its electrothermopolarization is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer matrix and the piezoelectric phase. The results obtained make it possible to reveal the main factors affecting the piezoelectric properties of the heterogeneous polymer–ferroelectric ceramic system. Polyolefins and fluorine-containing polar polymers are used as the organic phase, and ferroelectric ceramics of rhombohedral, tetragonal, and mixed structures serve as the inorganic phase. The relaxation processes and interphase phenomena are studied using a differential scanning calorimeter, and the charge state is analyzed by recording the thermally stimulated depolarization current. The charge-state stability is determined by the electret potential difference of the composites. The molecular relaxation is analyzed by the dielectric method. It is established that the composites in which the interphase interaction is more pronounced are characterized by high piezoelectric properties.

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Jia, Beibei, Yuqing Chen, Chengxiang Chen, Yongfei Li, Wanli Ma, Xuzheng Zhang, Jun Zhou, Yang Wang, Yingye Jiang, and Kai Wu. "Probing the charge injection and dissipation in graphene oxide–epoxy composite." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 3 (November 12, 2021): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211052604.

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The inorganic filler can modify the electrical and dielectric properties of polymeric composites. However, it is challenging to understand the local charge injection and dissipation in composites through traditional characterization at nanoscale. In this work, we provide a potential mapping of the charge injection and dissipation in the local area of graphene oxide/epoxy resin (GO/EP) composite under various biases by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) with high spatial resolution. Thus, an improved KPFM experimental setup is used to inject charges at the fixed point to demonstrate surface charge dissipation around the interface between GO and EP. It is found that the charge is more easily injected into the GO/EP nanocomposites and dissipates more quickly in nanocomposite than in neat epoxy resins. Meanwhile, the electrons diffuse more rapidly than holes in pure EP and nanocomposites. The faster charge injection and dissipation of GO/EP composite are ascribed to the filler of GO which has much higher conductivity than that of neat epoxy. This work offers significant insights into the understanding of charge injection and dissipation in dielectric composites.

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Feng, Y., W. L. Li, Y. F. Hou, Y. Yu, W. P. Cao, T. D. Zhang, and W. D. Fei. "Enhanced dielectric properties of PVDF-HFP/BaTiO3-nanowire composites induced by interfacial polarization and wire-shape." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 6 (2015): 1250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02183e.

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Yang, Junyi, Zili Tang, Hang Yin, Yan Liu, Ling Wang, Hailong Tang, and Youbing Li. "Poly(arylene ether nitrile) Composites with Surface-Hydroxylated Calcium Copper Titanate Particles for High-Temperature-Resistant Dielectric Applications." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050766.

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In order to develop high-performance dielectric materials, poly(arylene ether nitrile)-based composites were fabricated by employing surface-hydroxylated calcium copper titanate (CCTO) particles. The results indicated that the surface hydroxylation of CCTO effectively improved the interfacial compatibility between inorganic fillers and the polymer matrix. The composites exhibit not only high glass transition temperatures and an excellent thermal stability, but also excellent flexibility and good mechanical properties, with a tensile strength over 60 MPa. Furthermore, the composites possess enhanced permittivity, relatively low loss tangent, good permittivity-frequency stability and dielectric-temperature stability under 160 °C. Therefore, it furnishes an effective path to acquire high-temperature-resistant dielectric materials for various engineering applications.

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R, Ramkumar, and Pugazhendhi Sugumaran C. "Investigation on the Electrothermal Properties of Nanocomposite HDPE." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5947948.

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Currently, several deep-rooted researches have focused on the significance and application of polymers in electrical and mechanical fields. This is because of the benefits of polymers in its availability, recyclability, and flexibility in processing; economical and most importantly improvement in material property have been achieved by incorporating nanosized metal oxide (inorganic) additives in the polymer matrix. In this study, HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) is considered as base polymer and alumina as nanoadditive. Alumina (Al2O3) nanofillers are incorporated in HDPE as 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% filler compositions. From the dielectric analysis, it has been inferred that HDPE with 3 wt.% nanoalumina achieved higher permittivity compared with other samples. Also, 5 wt.% composite samples has gained 18.46% improvement in inception voltage, 16.3% increase in the breakdown strength, and 94.47% enhanced thermal conductivity compared with pure HDPE.

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Faiza, Faiza, Abraiz Khattak, Aqeel Ur Rehman, Asghar Ali, Azhar Mahmood, Kashif Imran, Abasin Ulasyar, Haris Sheh Zad, Nasim Ullah, and Adam Khan. "Multi-Stressed Nano and Micro-Silica/Silicone Rubber Composites with Improved Dielectric and High-Voltage Insulation Properties." Polymers 13, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091400.

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The scope of silicone rubber (SiR) is confined due to the deprivation of its dielectric propertiesupon exposure to various ambient stresses. The aim of this research is to develop silicone rubber-based composites by employing inorganic oxide fillers for improved dielectric and high voltage insulation properties for widening its scope in the field of electrical appliances. This study reports the preparation of different composites of silicone rubber with varying concentrations of micro and nano-silica fillers. The dielectric propertytrends of these as-prepared neat and impregnated samples were examined via an indigenously developed weathering chamber capable of applying multiple stresses of acid rain, heat, humidity, UVA radiation, and salt fog. Dielectric constant values were measured before and after applying stresses. Upon applying stresses, a periodic decline in dielectric constant was observed. Improved dielectric properties were obtained by adding micro and nano-silica as fillers. A nano silica-incorporated silicone rubber product exhibited good potential for dual applications as dielectric and high voltage insulation.

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Ambrosio, R., O. Arciniega, A. Carrillo, M. Moreno, A. Heredia, and C. Martinez. "Organic–inorganic hybrid thin films based in HfO2 nanoparticles as dielectric for flexible electronics." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 7/8 (July 2014): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0570.

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In this work the synthesis and characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid composite film based on hafnium oxide (HfO2) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with dielectric properties is presented. These films were prepared using the sol-gel process adjusting the chemical composition to tailor the material properties, such as the dielectric and the optical band gap. The HfO2 was obtained by the hydrolysis of hafnium chloride (HfCl4) under catalysis of ethanol and deionized water, later the PVP was subsequently added to complete the hydrolysis. Finally the films were dried at 150 °C. The structural characterization of the hybrid material showed a hafnium nanoparticle size around 100 nm into the polymer matrix. The chemical structure and the high purity of the hybrid material were corroborated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, which showed the bounding of HfO2–PVP. The electrical characterization demonstrated that the nanostructured materials with hafnium nanoparticles improve the dielectric constant in the films with values around k = 18.5. The optical band gap, Eo, was obtained from 4 to 5.7 eV. These characteristics in our hybrid material are very promising for flexible electronics applications with the advantage of its low temperature, thermal stability, and low cost process of deposition.

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Ree, M., W. H. Goh, and Y. Kim. "Thin films of organic polymer composites with inorganic aerogels as dielectric materials: polymer chain orientation and properties." Polymer Bulletin 35, no. 1-2 (1995): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00312917.

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Siekierski, Maciej, Maja Mroczkowska-Szerszeń, Rafał Letmanowski, Dariusz Zabost, Michał Piszcz, Lidia Dudek, Michał M. Struzik, Magdalena Winkowska-Struzik, Renata Cicha-Szot, and Magdalena Dudek. "Ionic Transport Properties of P2O5-SiO2 Glassy Protonic Composites Doped with Polymer and Inorganic Titanium-based Fillers." Materials 13, no. 13 (July 6, 2020): 3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13133004.

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This paper is focused on the determination of the physicochemical properties of a composite inorganic–organic modified membrane. The electrical conductivity of a family of glassy protonic electrolytes defined by the general formula (P2O5)x(SiO2)y, where x/y is 3/7 are studied by Alternating Current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (AC EIS) method. The reference glass was doped with polymeric additives—poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and additionally with a titanium-oxide-based filler. Special attention was paid to determination of the transport properties of the materials thus modified in relation to the charge transfer phenomena occurring within them. The electrical conductivities of the ‘dry’ material ranged from 10−4 to 10−9 S/cm, whereas for ‘wet’ samples the values were ~10−3 S/cm. The additives also modified the pore space of the samples. The pore distribution and specific surface of the modified glassy systems exhibited variation with changes in electrolyte chemical composition. The mechanical properties of the samples were also examined. The Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio were determined by the continuous wave technique (CWT). Based on analysis of the dispersion of the dielectric losses, it was found that the composite samples exhibit mixed-type proton mobility with contributions related to both the bulk of the material and the surface of the pore space.

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Yu, Guang, Yujia Cheng, and Xiaohong Zhang. "The Dielectric Properties Improvement of Cable Insulation Layer by Different Morphology Nanoparticles Doping into LDPE." Coatings 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030204.

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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) doped with inorganic nano-MMT and nano-ZnO particles improved the dielectric properties of the cable insulation layer. In this article, nano-MMT/LDPE and nano-ZnO/LDPE composites were prepared by polymer intercalation and melt blending, respectively. The octadecyl quaternary ammonium salt and silane coupling agent were applied for surface modification in nano-MMT and nano-ZnO particles, and this then improved the compatibility of nanoparticles and polymeric matrix. These samples were characterized by FTIR, PLM, DSC and TSC, from which the effect of nanoparticles doping on polymer crystal habit and interface traps would be explored. In these experiments, the AC breakdown characteristics and space charge characteristic of different composites were studied. The experimental results showed that the interface bonding of nanoparticles and polymer was improved by coupling agents modifying. The dispersion of nanoparticles in matrix was better. When the mass fraction of nanoparticles doping was 3 wt.%, the crystallization rate and crystallinity of composites increased, and the crystalline structure was more complete. Besides, the amorphous regions in material decreased and the conducting channel was circuitous. At this time, the breakdown field strength of nano-MMT/LDPE and nano-ZnO/LDPE increased by 10.3% and 11.1%, compared to that of pure LDPE, respectively. Furthermore, the density and depth of interface traps in polymer increased with nanoparticles doping. Nano-MMT and nano-ZnO could both restrain the space charge accumulation, and the inhibiting effect of nano-ZnO was more visible.

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Cheng, Yujia, Guang Yu, and Zhuohua Duan. "Effect of Different Size ZnO Particle Doping on Dielectric Properties of Polyethylene Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9481415.

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In this article, low density polyethylene was used as a matrix polymer. The ZnO particles with diameters of 30 nm and 1 μm were used as inorganic filler. The nano-ZnO particles after surface modification would disperse in the matrix uniformly. The nano-, micro-, and micro-/nano-ZnO/LDPE were prepared by melt blending. During the experiment, the microstructures of different composites were characterized and discussed by SEM and DSC. Besides, the micro- and nano-ZnO/LDPE underwent a breakdown test, conductance test, and dielectric spectrum test. The microscopic experimental results showed that the ZnO particles dispersed uniformly in the LDPE matrix. The crystallinity of composites was higher than that of pure LDPE. Among them, the maximum crystallinity was 39.77% when the nano-ZnO particle size was 30 nm. It was 16.1% higher than pure LDPE. The macroscopic experimental results showed that the effect of micro- and nano-ZnO particle doping on breakdown properties of polymers was different. Among them, the breakdown field strength of nano-ZnO/LDPE was the highest at 138.0 kV/mm, which was 8.24% higher than that of pure LDPE. The micro-/nano-ZnO/LDPE took second place, which was still higher than pure LDPE. As the thickness of samples increased, the thermal breakdown was the dominant factor in the breakdown test. The AC breakdown field strength of all composites tended to decrease, and the reduction of micro-ZnO/LDPE was lower than that of nano-ZnO/LDPE. Besides, the dispersion of the breakdown became better. Moreover, the micro- and nano-ZnO particle doping could improve the conductivity characteristic of polymer effectively. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of composites increased with the increase of the particle size.

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Permana, Ardian Agus, Somyot Chirasatitsin, and Chatchai Putson. "Electron-Beam Irradiation for Boosting Storage Energy Density of Tuned Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)/Graphene Nanoplatelet Polymer Composites." Crystals 10, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10080633.

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In current, the energy storage materials based on electrets and ferroelectric polymers are urgently demanded for electric power supply and renewable energy applications. The high energy storage density can be enhanced by conducting or inorganic fillers to ferroelectric polymer matrix. However, agglomeration, phase separation of fillers, interfacial phase regions and crystallinity of matrix remain the main factors for the improvement of energy storage density in those composites. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) was modified with graphene nanoplatelets for enhanced the dielectric properties and energy storage density, which combines the irradiated by electron beam. Tuning effect of the crystalline regions and polar phases with graphene nanoplatelets and electron irradiation on its surface, structure, electrical and energy storage properties were observed. The film homogeneity was increased by reducing the pores, along with the improvement of surface roughness and hydrophobicity, which related with the dielectric properties and energy storage density. The β-phase fraction and crystallinity improvement significantly affect electrical properties by improving polarization and dielectric constant. As a core, electron beam dramatically reduce the crystals size by two times. Hence, energy storage density of composites was enhanced, while energy loss was reduced under operating conditions. Results on the improvement of energy efficiency were from 68.11 to 74.66% for neat poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)), much higher than previously reported of 58%, and doubled for P(VDF-HFP)/GNPs composites which will be discussed and evaluated for the practical energy storage materials.

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Qin, Yijing, Xueyi Yu, Zeming Fang, Xiao He, Muchao Qu, Meng Han, Dong Lu, Ke Xue, and Ke Wang. "Recent progress on polyphenylene oxide-based thermoset systems for high-performance copper-clad laminates." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56, no. 6 (February 1, 2023): 064002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acb068.

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Abstract With the rapid development of electronic information technology in the 5G era towards high integration, short propagation delay, and elevated assembly temperatures, more academic and industrial attention has been focused on high-frequency and high-speed copper-clad laminates (CCLs). Compared with conventional polymeric matrices, thermoset polyphenylene oxide (PPO) has become one of the most attractive resins applied in high-performance CCLs (HPCCLs) because of its excellent comprehensive properties, including outstanding dielectric properties, high thermal stability, great processibility, and low moisture absorption, etc. This review focuses on the history of the development of PPO prepolymers/oligomers, PPO-based thermoset resin systems, and PPO/inorganic filler composites to optimize the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and mechanical properties. Moreover, some current challenges of PPO-based thermoset systems have been identified, such as developing feasible solutions to ensure the anti-aging properties for long-term reliability under harsh environments of high temperature, high humidity, and even high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. In general, more in-depth investigations of PPO-based thermoset systems for HPCCLs are required in the future.

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Abou-Kandil, Ahmed I., Loai Nasrat, and EmanL Fareed. "High temperature vulcanized ethylene propylene diene rubber nanocomposites as high voltage insulators: Dielectric breakdown measurements and evaluation." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221132593.

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The use of porcelain and thermoplastic based materials as High voltage insulators has always been dominant in the industry. Several elastomers were also investigated, mainly Ethylene Propylene Rubber and Silicone rubbers were used as replacement of the traditional Porcelain high Voltage insulators. In this study we experiment with new elastomer, Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), that is capable of withstanding high voltage as well as being resistant to severe weathering conditions. In addition to having excellent mechanical properties that we discussed elsewhere. Detailed dielectric breakdown measurements were carried out for room temperature vulcanized and high temperature vulcanized samples. The effects of exposure to UV radiation on the dielectric breakdown strength was also studied. Different fillers were used to improve the dielectric breakdown strength of different polymer matrices. Both carbon black based fillers and inorganic fillers were experimented in order to reach optimum mix properties that provide the best dielectric breakdown strength. Resistance to thermal aging and UV radiation was also carried out on EPDM samples.

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Shipman, Joshua, Binod Subedi, Christopher Keller, Brian Riggs, Scott Grayson, and Douglas Chrisey. "Nanoparticle-Polymer Surface Functionalizations for Capacitive Energy Storage: Experimental Comparison to First Principles Simulations." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 13321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713321.

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Dielectric capacitors present many advantages for large-scale energy storage, but they presently require higher energy density. We demonstrate novel high energy density polymer-nanoparticle composite capacitors utilizing thiol-ene click chemistry surface groups to bond the nanoparticles covalently to the polymer matrix. Interfacial effects in composites cannot be observed directly, and in our previous work, we examined the nanoparticle–polymer interface in silico. In this work, we experimentally examine the five surface functionalizations modeled previously, fabricating high energy density thin film capacitors to test our predictions. Results from this study, in conjunction with properties previously determined in silico, further improve the understanding of the role of surface functionalizations in composites prepared using click chemistry. The coating density of the surface functionalizations is shown to be a key factor in relating our computational results to experimental results. We show how using both coating density and our previous modeling in combination allows for prescreening of surface functionalizations for future composites, reducing experimental cost. We also demonstrate high energy density capacitors with ~20 J/cm3.

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Interrante, Leonard V., K. Moraes, Q. Liu, N. Lu, A. Puerta, and L. G. Sneddon. "Silicon-based ceramics from polymer precursors." Pure and Applied Chemistry 74, no. 11 (January 1, 2002): 2111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200274112111.

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A hyperbranched polycarbosilane of the type [R3SiCH2−]x[−SiR2CH2−]y[−SiR(CH2−)1.5]z[−Si(CH2−)2]l (R = H, –CH2CH=CH2, or OR) has been prepared, which was used as a source of inorganic/organic hybrid materials and, through pyrolysis, as a precursor to inorganic solids with unusual microstructures and properties. A partially allyl-substituted derivative “AHPCS”, nominally ['Si(allyl)0.1H0.9CH2']n, has been extensively studied as a precursor to silicon carbide (SiC) and is now used commercially as a SiC matrix source for C- and SiC-fiber-reinforced composites and binder for particulate ceramics. The alkoxy derivatives, ['Si(OR)2CH2'], (R = Me, Et) yield, after hydrolysis and condensation, carbosilane/siloxane gels with unusually high surface areas (700–900 m2/g) and microporosity that is retained in the resultant SiOxCy ceramics formed after pyrolysis to 1000 °C. The fully condensed ['Si(O)CH2'] gel in the latter case was obtained as thin, adherent films on Si surfaces by spin coating and was found to exhibit dielectric constants as low as 2.0 after heating to 400 °C. The SiC precursor, AHPCS, has also been used recently, along with other polymeric precursors, to make two-phase (SiC/C and SiC/BN) amorphous ceramics that exhibit unusual microstructures and thermal/mechanical properties. These microstructures are formed during the mixing and thermosetting of the constituent polymers, which undergo phase separation due to their immiscibility. Certain of the SiC/C composites, which have the C phase uniformly distributed as ca.1-µm droplets in a SiCx matrix, exhibit high oxidation resistance, and microindentation tests on the SiC/BN system suggest unusual toughness.

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Xu, Dongyu, Xin Cheng, Sourav Banerjee, and Shifeng Huang. "Dielectric and electromechanical properties of modified cement/polymer based 1–3 connectivity piezoelectric composites containing inorganic fillers." Composites Science and Technology 114 (June 2015): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.04.006.

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Carvalho, José, Viorel Dubceac, Paul Grey, Inês Cunha, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Andre Clausner, Ehrenfried Zschech, and Luís Pereira. "Fully Printed Zinc Oxide Electrolyte-Gated Transistors on Paper." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020169.

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Fully printed and flexible inorganic electrolyte gated transistors (EGTs) on paper with a channel layer based on an interconnected zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle matrix are reported in this work. The required rheological properties and good layer formation after printing are obtained using an eco-friendly binder such as ethyl cellulose (EC) to disperse the ZnO nanoparticles. Fully printed devices on glass substrates using a composite solid polymer electrolyte as gate dielectric exhibit saturation mobility above 5 cm2 V−1 s−1 after annealing at 350 °C. Proper optimization of the nanoparticle content in the ink allows for the formation of a ZnO channel layer at a maximum annealing temperature of 150 °C, compatible with paper substrates. These devices show low operation voltages, with a subthreshold slope of 0.21 V dec−1, a turn on voltage of 1.90 V, a saturation mobility of 0.07 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an Ion/Ioff ratio of more than three orders of magnitude.

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Alotaibi, B. M., H. A. Al-Yousef,, A. Atta, and F. A. Taher. "Effects of inorganic MnO2 and ZnO nanofillers on the structural investigations and dielectric behaviour of PVA polymeric materials." Journal of Ovonic Research 19, no. 2 (March 2023): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2023.192.175.

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Different contents of manganese oxide (MnO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form flexi MnO2/PVA as well as ZnO/PVA nanocomposite films. XRD as well SEM methodologies are used to evaluate the properties of the fabricated films. The XRD analysis demonstrates that MnO2/PVA as well as ZnO/PVA composites were effectively fabricated. The SEM pictures show that MnO2 and ZnO are uniformly dispersed throughout the PVA polymeric chains. Furthermore, the electrical conductivities, dielectric permittivity, electric moduli behaviors, as well as dielectric impedances of PVA, MnO2/PVA, ZnO/PVA films were recorded using LCR method in frequencies 102 to 106 Hz. At 105 Hz, the dielectric enhanced from 2.05 for PVA to 5.5 on PVA/5%ZnO and 4.15 for PVA/10%MnO2, while the conductivities increase from 1.05x10-7 S/cm for PVA to 4.01x10-7 S/cm for PVA/5%ZnO and to 5.4x10-7 S/cm for PVA/10%MnO2. The current work pave the way to using of ZnO/PVA and MnO2/PVA flexi nanocomposite films in a different uses including battery, super-capacitors, as well as storage devices.

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Zyoud, Samer H., Wissal Jilani, Abdelfatteh Bouzidi, Thekrayat H. AlAbdulaal, Farid A. Harraz, Mohammad S. Al-Assiri, Ibrahim S. Yahia, Heba Y. Zahran, Medhat A. Ibrahim, and Mohamed Sh Abdel-wahab. "The Impact of Ammonium Fluoride on Structural, Absorbance Edge, and the Dielectric Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Films: Towards a Novel Analysis of the Optical Refractive Index, and CUT-OFF Laser Filters." Crystals 13, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030376.

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The new proton-conducting composite electrolyte films (PCCEFs) consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying ammonium fluoride salt concentrations were created using an expanded liquid casting process. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirms the composite electrolyte films (CEFs) formation. The improvement in AMF02 salt doping compared to the PVA matrix film approach resulted in decreased variation in the crystalline size values, thus explaining how [NH4+] and polymer PVA matrix films interact. The band gaps decrease when the AMF02 salt filler concentration increases due to increased crystallite size. The suggested composites evaluated successful CUT-OFF laser filters and attenuation, as well as limiting laser power systems. For the 11.11 wt% AMF02 doping salt, the highest DC conductivity was 73.205 × 10−9 (siemens/m) at ambient temperature. Our dielectric results demonstrate that the CEFs are usually suitable for optoelectronic systems. There is a huge need to develop low dielectric permittivity composite electrolyte films (CEFs) for microelectronic devices and the high-frequency region.

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Kausar, Ayesha, and Ishaq Ahmad. "Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding—Radical Developments." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 6 (June 10, 2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7060240.

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Electromagnetic interference disturbs the working of electronic devices and affects the surroundings and human health. Consequently, research has led to the development of radiation-protection materials. Inherently conducting polymers have been found to be suitable for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding owing to their fine electrical conductivity properties. Moreover, nanoparticle-reinforced conjugated polymers have been used to form efficient nanocomposites for EMI shielding. Nanoparticle addition has further enhanced the radiation protection capability of conducting polymers. This state-of-the-art comprehensive review describes the potential of conducting polymer nanocomposites for EMI shielding. Conducting polymers, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, have been widely used to form nanocomposites with carbon, metal, and inorganic nanoparticles. The EMI shielding effectiveness of conducting polymers and nanocomposites has been the focus of researchers. Moreover, the microscopic, mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electrical, dielectric, and permittivity properties of nanocomposites have been explored. Electrically conducting materials achieve high EMI shielding by absorbing and/or dissipating the electromagnetic field. The future of these nanomaterials relies on nanomaterial design, facile processing, and overcoming dispersion and processing challenges in this field.

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Choi, Soon-Mo, Eun-Joo Shin, Sun-Mi Zo, Kummara-Madhusudana Rao, Yong-Joo Seok, So-Yeon Won, and Sung-Soo Han. "Revised Manuscript with Corrections: Polyurethane-Based Conductive Composites: From Synthesis to Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041938.

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The purpose of this review article is to outline the extended applications of polyurethane (PU)-based nanocomposites incorporated with conductive polymeric particles as well as to condense an outline on the chemistry and fabrication of polyurethanes (PUs). Additionally, we discuss related research trends of PU-based conducting materials for EMI shielding, sensors, coating, films, and foams, in particular those from the past 10 years. PU is generally an electrical insulator and behaves as a dielectric material. The electrical conductivity of PU is imparted by the addition of metal nanoparticles, and increases with the enhancing aspect ratio and ordering in structure, as happens in the case of conducting polymer fibrils or reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Nanocomposites with good electrical conductivity exhibit noticeable changes based on the remarkable electric properties of nanomaterials such as graphene, RGO, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Recently, conducting polymers, including PANI, PPY, PTh, and their derivatives, have been popularly engaged as incorporated fillers into PU substrates. This review also discusses additional challenges and future-oriented perspectives combined with here-and-now practicableness.

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KOU, Si-Wang, Shu-Hui YU, Rong SUN, and Hai-Peng YANG. "Preparation and Dielectric Properties of the Three-phase Composites of Graphite Oxide/Barium Titanate/Epoxy Resin." Journal of Inorganic Materials 29, no. 1 (April 23, 2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1077.2014.13200.

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Mamunya, Ye P., M. V. Iurzhenko, E. V. Lebedev, S. S. Ischenko, G. Boiteux, and G. Seytre. "Dielectric and thermal–mechanical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic polymer systems based on isocyanate-containing oligomers." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353, no. 47-51 (December 2007): 4288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.03.031.

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Castaldo, Anna, Emilia Gambale, and Giuseppe Vitiello. "Zinc Silicate Thin Film Composites Obtained by a Sputtering Based Approach: Structural, Dielectric and Photovoltaic Properties." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 03, no. 02 (January 19, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2102015.

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This study deals with the production of zinc silicate thin films employing a solid-state reaction at temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 560 °C, to develop new inorganic, n-type materials with seemingly incompatible properties as low work function, high mobility, and high visible transmittance. Depending on a careful reaction control, zinc silicates can preserve reagents (silicon and/or ZnO) as nanoaggregate guests, exhibiting tunable light absorption and emission properties that make them useful for different applications, e.g., LED phosphors, photovoltaic windows, mesoporous photocatalytic materials for solar fuel production, etc. The main aim of this work is to obtain a zinc silicate single-phase and then determine its dielectric properties through ellipsometry. Simultaneously, as an example of application, a p-n photovoltaic junction is fabricated that exhibits a remarkable collection of photo-generated charge carriers at very high bandgaps (>2 eV). The obtained results are promising in tailoring the zinc silicate guest-host composition (appropriate Si nanostructures sizing and quantity, improved charge carrier transport properties due to the simultaneous presence of bulk zinc oxide islands) in the function of the desired application, and taking into account that proposed selected low-temperature fabrication process is strategic for safeguarding the underlying junctions of tandem devices.

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Nefzi, H., and F. Sediri. "Vanadium oxide nanotubes VOx-NTs: Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, electrical study and dielectric properties." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 201 (May 2013): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2013.03.009.

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Khamova, T. V., E. S. Kolovangina, S. V. Myakin, M. M. Sychov, and O. A. Shilova. "Modification of submicron barium titanate particles via sol-gel synthesis of interface layers of SiO2 for fabrication of polymer-inorganic composites with improved dielectric properties." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 83, no. 8 (August 2013): 1594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363213080203.

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Li, Hai, and Sooman Lim. "Screen Printing of Surface-Modified Barium Titanate/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposites for High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 2910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12172910.

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Abstract:

Piezoelectric energy harvesters are appealing for the improvement of wearable electronics, owing to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, screen-printed piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are developed from triethoxy(octyl)silane-coated barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (TOS-BTO/PVDF) nanocomposites with excellent performance based on the important link between material, structure, and performance. In order to minimize the effect of nanofiller agglomeration, TOS-coated BTO nanoparticles are anchored onto PVDF. Thus, composites with well-distributed TOS-BTO nanoparticles exhibit fewer defects, resulting in reduced charge annihilation during charge transfer from inorganic nanoparticles to the polymer. Consequently, the screen-printed TOS-BTO/PVDF PENG exhibits a significantly enhanced output voltage of 20 V, even after 7500 cycles, and a higher power density of 15.6 μW cm−2, which is 200 and 150% higher than those of pristine BTO/PVDF PENGs, respectively. The increased performance of TOS-BTO/PVDF PENGs is due to the enhanced compatibility between nanofillers and polymers and the resulting improvement in dielectric response. Furthermore, as-printed devices could actively adapt to human movements and displayed excellent detection capability. The screen-printed process offers excellent potential for developing flexible and high-performance piezoelectric devices in a cost-effective and sustainable way.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Inorganic Oxide-Polymer Composites - Dielectric Properties'

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